Croatian problem

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Croatian problemCurrently, Bosnia and Herzegovina is a confederal state consisting of the autonomous Federations of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Republika Srpska and Brcko District. This formation is the real “bomb” in Europe.

In 1992, Bosnia and Herzegovina declared independence from Yugoslavia, which led to a bitter Bosnian war, where Croats, Serbs and Slavs-Muslims (Bosniaks) fought among themselves, with the assistance of NATO. During the war, thousands of people died, according to various estimates from 100 to 200, up to two thirds of the republic’s infrastructure, partially or completely, were destroyed.

Civil War halted agreement in Dayton (US) - it was agreed in November, signed in December 1995 in Paris by Bosnian leader Alioy Izetbegovic, Serbian President Slobodan Milosevic and Croatian President Franjo Tudjman.

Under this agreement, it was decided that the state would consist of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republika Srpska. The capital left is Sarajevo. A resident of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina could be a citizen, as a united republic, and one of the two entities. Serbs got 49% territory, Bosnians and Croats 51%. The functions of the head of state were transferred to the Presidium, consisting of three people - one from each nation. Legislative power was to belong to the Parliamentary Assembly, consisting of the House of Peoples and the House of Representatives. A third of the deputies is elected from the Republika Srpska, two thirds from the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. At the same time, the “people's veto” was introduced: if the majority of deputies elected from one of the three nations voted against this or that proposal, it was considered rejected, despite the position of the other two nations. In general, the powers of the central authorities, by agreement, were very limited. Real power was transferred to the bodies of the Federation and the Republika Srpska. The entire system was to operate under the supervision of the High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina.

There are now increasing calls for a review of the Dayton agreement. So the President of Croatia Ivo Josipovichin the United States, participating in a conference dedicated to the 15 anniversary of the signing of the Dayton Accords, expressed dissatisfaction with the situation of Croats in Bosnia. According to Josipovic: "The Dayton Agreement fulfilled the most important function - it stopped the war and gave Bosnia a new way. But it did not solve all the questions. Today everyone realizes that Bosnia and Herzegovina needs some changes, first of all in terms of equality of all nations."

Why are the Croats dissatisfied?

Rather, the Serbs should not be happy, they were once driven out of the capital - Sarajevo (more than 100 thousand people).

At present, there are about 600 thousand Croats (14% of the confederation population), along with Muslims they are the state-forming ethnic group of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Horvath is the president of the Federation.

Of stories

Before 1878 (defeat of the Turks from the Russian Empire), Bosnia was part of the Ottoman Empire, and the Turks pursued a policy of Islamization of the Serbs and Croats. Then this territory was annexed by the Austro-Hungarian Empire. At that time, the Croatian intelligentsia was not united, some supported the South Slavic unity, some supported independent Croatia. In 1918, these lands became part of Yugoslavia, under the authority of the Serbian king. Gradually, the prerequisites of the alliance of the Nazis from the Croats and the Bosnian Muslims appear.

After the capture of the Third Reich, in April 1941, the Nazi vassal Independent State of Croatia was formed. Which was distinguished by the massive genocide of Serbs and Jews, the Gypsies. According to various estimates, Croatian Nazis killed thousands of people from 400 to 800. The Croats partially cooperated with the Muslims, but there was no complete alliance, the Muslims remembered that at one time they were masters of the region. After the defeat of the Nazis, the state of the Croats was eliminated, the Yugoslav Federation was created.

From the first half of 1992, Croats and Muslims fought together with the Serbs for independence, while the Serbs were in favor of preserving the country's unity. Croat and Bosniak supported NATO and the European Union. But then the "allies" quarreled, the Muslims wanted to create "a single and indivisible Muslim Bosnia", the Croats wanted to include the western parts of Bosnia into Croatia. Therefore, the second half of 1992 of the year and 1993 of the year were Croats and Muslims fighting each other. The Croats of Bosnia were supported by Croatia (and through it the intelligence services of Germany), by the Bosnians Islamic organizations from all over the world, including the militants who had experience of the Afghan war. Only the intervention of the United States, stopped their war, forcing Zagreb (Croatia), under the threat of sanctions, to make an alliance with the Muslims.

In 1995, the Croats, largely against their will, were united with the Muslims and the Serbs into one state. Being in number, third, they can not control the entire policy of the state. Therefore, the current President of Croatia and announced that it is time to change the situation. Croats are not satisfied with their position in this “ugly” non-viable education. The economy of the Confederation is weaker than the Croatian, the standard of living in Croatia is higher. Croats are already in the minority, and the birth rate of Muslims is higher, that is, their percentage is gradually falling even more.

As a result, we see an abnormal picture - Croats and Serbs outside their states, in fact, they are divided nations. But Muslims will not want to lose these territories, that is, the world can not agree. In the second half of 90, the beginning of 2000, there was a hope that joining the European Union would reconcile old enemies, solve economic problems, thereby extinguish interethnic and religious enmity, but now this hope has died. With the entry of the EU into the “world storm” strip, Germany and France are thinking, not whether to throw off the “ballast” in the face of the countries of Southern Europe (Greece, Spain, Portugal), and not on the issue of accepting new “freeloaders”.

True, there is no threat of war in the near future, but there are all possibilities to repeat the Bosnian carnage. The problem is not solved in the framework of the modern Western project.

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