"Zakhar Ivanovich" or "three-ton" - truck ZIS-5

Currently, trucks are used to deliver a wide variety of goods and to provide services. Modern trucks are equipped with the latest technology, which provides convenience for the driver and safety on the road. But in the years of the Great Patriotic War, even the simplest trucks made real feats - this is the transportation of weapons, ammunition and food delivery. What is the cost of food delivery along the “Road of Life” to Leningrad surrounded. About such a "hard worker" and will be discussed in this article.

Assembly of an onboard three-ton truck of a universal purpose ZIS-5В (Stalin plant, military) at a Soviet plant

ZIS-5 ("three-ton", "Zakhar", "Zakhar Ivanovich") - Soviet truck with a carrying capacity of 3 tons; the second most popular truck 1930-1940-s (the first place was occupied by GAZ-AA). During the Second World War - one of the main vehicles of the Red Army. Produced at the Stalin Automobile Plant from 1933 to 1948 year. During the war, a simplified military modification of the ZIS-5В was produced by the ZIS plants (1942 — 1946) UlZIS (1942 — 1944 years) and UralZIS (1944 — 1947 years).

In 1931, the Automotive Moscow Society (AMO) plant was rebuilt, and proceeded to build a new AMO-2 truck. Units and components for the car was delivered from America. Soon AMO-2 was modernized, and AMO-3 and AMO-4 saw the light. AMO-3 (tonnage of tonnage 2,5) in 1933 plant was again seriously upgraded. The new car was named ZiS - Plant named after Stalin. Unlike its predecessor, AMO - 3 and ZIS - 5 cars were made entirely of Soviet-made parts.

The first batch of ZIS - 5, consisting of 10 machines was assembled in June of the 1933 year. The 5 of October 1 of the year without preliminary assembly of the prototype was delivered to the ZIS-1933 conveyor. The simplicity of the design allowed to start the assembly, without any major disruptions. Serial assembly of the new car was launched in the shortest possible time.

The design of the "three-ton" (this nickname ZiS-5 received by the people, the troops also called it "Zakhar Ivanovich") was a classic for that time. The design was developed practically from scratch by AMO-ZIS engineers: Vazhinsky EI, Lyalin VI and Strokanov B.D.. The main emphasis in the development of steel were the simplification of the car and the improvement of maintainability. In addition, it was necessary to improve the quality of operational characteristics - an increase in the terrain and carrying capacity of the car.

Engine capacity has been increased to 5,55 liters, and power is forced to 73 HP. Also redid the radiator and air filter, modernized the carburetor. Both axles, the propeller shaft, the gearbox and the frame were changed. On the rear axle significantly increased ground clearance, the front brakes were replaced with a mechanical drive. Cabin ZiS-5 was significantly different from the cab predecessor. On the truck it was made without the canvas sidewall.

During the war years, the production of cars was constantly increasing. If in the first month there were only six or seven cars a day, then after a while the number was already tens and hundreds. The truck has proven itself on the roads and quickly gained a reputation as a reliable and unpretentious technology. As a rule, they were loaded on ZIS-5 4-5 tons, even though the car was designed to carry three tons. Despite the constant overload, the car was calm, without strain. Improved performance was achieved through the installation of low-speed engine. Traction capabilities of the ZIS-5 are very close to all-wheel drive trucks (due to the increased cross-country ability, the car could be used on roads of any category all year round).

Insufficient torsional rigidity of the carrier frame (a small omission in the design) played to increase the maneuverability, since the wheel travel increased when overcoming the irregularities. The upgraded engine was launched without any problems at low temperatures, and any low-grade gasoline was suitable for its operation. In curb condition, the truck could tow a trailer weighing up to 3,5 tons. The run to the first overhaul was 100 thousand km.

Soviet troops on the march. The infantry is moving along the side of the road, in the center - the truck ZIS-5В

During the Second World War, the design of the ZIS-5 truck was greatly simplified. Wood and plywood were used for the production of the cabin, and the wings began to bend out of rolled products (stamping was used before the war). Brakes were removed on the front wheels. The same fate befell the right headlamp. The number of folding sides reduced to one. At the end of the war, the pre-war equipment was partially restored.

In 1946 — 1948, the transitional (to ZIS-150) model ZIS-50 was produced. This machine was equipped with a ZIS-120 engine (hp deformed to 80). Fuel consumption was 30 liters per 100 km. Considering all the modifications (25 modifications were developed from which 19 were put into production), the production of this model continued until 1958, and if we consider the deeply modernized Ural ZIS - 355M - to 1965.

ZIS-5 was also exported to other countries. For example, in 1934, a batch of 100 pcs. 5 was sold to Turkey. The export version of the ZIS-5 was distinguished by a nickel-plated radiator and the presence of a bumper consisting of two nickel-plated steel strips. Later, a modified ZIS-14 with an extended wheelbase and a ZIS-8 bus were exported. In 1930-ies, VMS buses and trucks were exported to Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq, China, Spain, Lithuania, Latvia, Romania, Mongolia, Estonia and Turkey. A fairly large ZIS park was formed after the Soviet-Finnish war in Finland, and of course, in the territories of the USSR occupied by Germany occupied in 1941 — 1944 by Germany.

Modifications:
ZIS-5В - simplified modification of wartime;
ZIS-5U - modification with anti-aircraft machine gun on a special turret in the back;
ZIS-5US - had a device for suspension stretcher;
The ZIS-6 is a six-wheel all-terrain truck, with a payload capacity of 4 tons. In the summer-autumn 6 of the year, the first installations of the multiple launch rocket launcher BM-1941, BM-13 “Katyusha” were installed on the ZIS-8 chassis. In 1935, the ZIS-6 “Lux” experimental buses were assembled on the ZIS-6 chassis; in 1939, the heavy armored car BA-6 was built on the ZIS-11К chassis;
ZIS-8 - bus;
ZIS-10 - tractor unit, load capacity 3,5 tons;
ZIS-11 - extended chassis for fire fighting vehicles;
ZIS-12 - elongated special purpose chassis;
ZIS-13 - gas generator modification on the chassis ZIS-14;
ZIS-14 — special purpose chassis;
ZIS-15, ZIS-15K is an upgraded truck designed to replace ZIS-5. Notable for a sleek cab and tail, elongated and reinforced frame, improved engine and increased gas tank;
ZIS-16 - city bus;
ZIS-16C - ambulance bus;
ZIS-19 - construction dump truck;
ZIS-21 - gas generator modification;
ZIS-22 - semi-tracked truck with carrying capacity of 2,5 t;
ZIS-22M - modernization of a half-track truck;
ZIS-30 - gas cylinder modification;
ZIS-32 - all-wheel drive truck;
ZIS-33, ZIS-35ш - removable half-track propulsion kits;
ZIS-36 — all-wheel drive six-wheeled truck;
ZIS-41 - gas generator modification of a simplified design;
ZIS-42, ZIS-42М - semi-tracked truck with a load capacity of 2,25 t with a new design of tracked propulsion;
ZIS-44 - ambulance bus;
ZIS-50 - modification of ZIS-5В equipped with a ZIS-120 engine (hp 90 power);
AT-8 is an experimental artillery tractor having a twin power plant of ZIS-16 engines and a caterpillar propulsion unit from tank T-70;
The AT-14 is an experimental artillery tractor with a dual propulsion system from ZIS-5MF engines.
LET - experimental electric car;
ZIS-LTA - semi-tracked logging vehicle.

Loading wounded Soviet soldiers on a military truck ZIS-5в for evacuation

Specifications:
Year of manufacture - 1933;
Mass - 3,1 tons;
Dimensions
Length - 6,06 m;
Height - 2,16 m;
Width - 2,23 m;
Engine - carburetor ZIS;
Power - HP 76;
Speed ​​on the road - 60 km / h;
Power reserve - 200 km;
Total produced - about 532000;
Crew - 2 person.

Soviet soldiers, including women, are pushing truck ZiS-5 stuck in the mud

Calculations of antiaircraft searchlight stations 3-15-4 on trucks ZiS-5 at the parade 7 in November 1941 of the year in Kuibyshev

Soviet cars and German civilians on the streets of Berlin. In the center of the photo - truck ZIS-5.

Based on materials:
http://hobbyport.ru
http://www.battlefield.ru
http://litnik.pp.ua
http://russianarms.mybb.ru

Comments

[Denis]

This is a masterpiece of the automotive industry, simplicity and reliability!
At the end of the 80's, he himself saw in the warehouses gas-generating ZiSs with a supply of firewood in the back-kindling, backwaters and drove off

ZIS-41 - gas generator modification of a simplified design

And there were still such ZIS-41 self-propelled guns with 57-mm gun ZIS-2, but based on the carburetor ZIS-5

[Apollo]

more related videos

[Witch]

Quote: Denis

And there were still such ZIS-41 self-propelled guns with 57-mm gun ZIS-2, but based on the carburetor ZIS-5

Actually this is ZIS 22M

[Denis]

Quote: Witch

Actually this is ZIS 22M

I don’t argue, although there is still that confusion with digital indices. I meant that I’m not a gas generator

[starshina78]

I did not see, but rode a kid in similar cars. Our neighbor on the porch worked in (as they said then) in the garage at the factory, and for lunch he came and rolled us boys. He came to ZIS - 5 and to UralZIS with a gas generator, but he drove on gasoline. Why do I know that it was a gas generator? Yes, because - then (in the early sixties) all the boys dreamed of space, sea and driver's romance (two dreams came true: served at sea, work was related to motor transport (worked as a production mechanic, column head, head of a transport company, he dashed off more than one a hundred thousand versts on the roads of Russia.) Those who are connected with transport and have been working for a long time probably noticed that old cars, unlike modern ones, had their own charm, their own smell and sound. , by they smell the dermatin, the sound. They can’t be confused with anything. And the proMAZ is 200, and there’s nothing to say! This car could be recognized by the sound, without even seeing it. It’s still around the corner, but you already know that it’s two hundredth Modern cars are beautiful, comfortable, convenient, but they don’t become their own. I remember my first car - Gas - half a staraz is my favorite! Simple, reliable, passable, it’s impossible to kill, if only you try! Not that modern.

[Rjn]

How is that yes. In modern times there is no soul.

[Sergey Zorin_2]

Maz 200 this beast like a bison on the hood warned that the engine could not be stopped especially when the car was at an angle from the crankcase sucked in oil and it was not possible to drown it

[igordok]

Zh.D. modification ZIS-5.
Yes, and the Germans used the trophy, did not disdain.

[bistrov.]

Yes, in 50 years, ZIS-5 met quite often. And even in the year 80, in one organization of the city of Khmelnitsky, the ZIS-5 was operated. A simple, reliable machine, like all Soviet ones.

[Witch]

Quote: bistrov.

Yes, in 50 years, ZIS-5 met quite often. And even in the year 80, in one organization of the city of Khmelnitsky, the ZIS-5 was operated. A simple, reliable machine, like all Soviet ones.

The grandfather in the subordination of six columns 2 columns of 250 ZIS-5. They wrote off these cars in the mid-60s ...
If anything - Globensky district of Poltava region ...

[ICT]

like in the chronicle met zis-5 "katyusha",

[Denis]

Quote: TIT

zis-5 "katyusha",

Is it ZIS?
Doubts are taken, the cockpit and wings are not similar. On them, the cockpit and wings were made by the method of simple bending from ordinary sheet metal, and here are stamped

Before the standard version of Katyusha appeared on Studebaker, a number of BM-13 rocket launchers were mounted precisely on the Lend-Lease Chevrolet of the G7100 series. Active army, 1943 year.

Very similar

[Nu daaaa ...]

Soviet industry in July 1941 - December 1944 produced about 30 thousand combat vehicles "Katyusha". The first cars were made on the basis of domestic chassis (a total of about 600 pieces - almost all, with the exception of units, were destroyed in battle), after the start of Lend-Lease deliveries, the American truck of the company became the main chassis for the BM-13 (BM-13N) Studebaker "(Studebaker US6) - about 20 thousand

[ICT]

Quote: Denis

Very similar

yes, I agree here (I typed in Google stuck the first similar one, without looking at the details). but maybe there is a photo of the zis5 "katyusha" of the war years?

[smiths xnumx]

Dear Andrey, this is not the ZiS-5 chassis, but the chassis of the General Motors American Chevrolet truck.
"Katyusha" was originally installed on the three-axle version of the ZiS-5 - under the designation ZiS-6. The car was an all-terrain truck with dual-tire rear axles. Its length with a 4980 mm wheelbase was 6600 mm, and its width was 2235 mm. The car was equipped with the same inline six-cylinder water-cooled carburetor engine that was installed on the ZiS-5. The ZIS-6 was assembled until October 1941, and just over 20 rolled off the assembly line.

And the only version of Katyusha on the ZiS-5 chassis is in our Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin and is the object of ridicule to everyone who understands at least something in the subject ...

[ICT]

Quote: Kuznetsov 1977

on the ZiS-5 chassis is in our Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin

There are many copies, but all are museum or monuments, but still there are no photos of the war years

[smiths xnumx]

Dear Andrey, there are no photos, because the Katyusha was not installed on the ZiS-5 chassis. In 1940, the M-13-16 launcher appeared, which they tried to install on the ZiS-5. However, the chassis of a standard two-axle truck turned out to be overweight and could not withstand intense fire. In addition, the permeability on the ground was completely unsatisfactory. Therefore, the first five experimental installations BM-13-16 were manufactured on the ZiS-6 chassis. On June 21, 1941, the Red Army had 10 experimental installations BM-13-16. All these bodies were dismantled, and guides for rockets were installed in their place. Until November 1941, 600 such installations were manufactured. Due to the approach of the Germans to Moscow, the Stalin Plant had to be evacuated to Ulyanovsk. Therefore, the production of the ZiS-6 from October 15, 1941 was discontinued. In Ulyanovsk, production of the ZiS-6 was not resumed. "Katyushas" began to be mounted on tractors, artillery tractors and even on T-60 tanks. However, in terms of maneuverability, such installations could not be compared with installations based on the ZiS-6. Only with the appearance of the BM-13N installation on the Studebaker US-6 chassis was the problem of the Katyusha's mobility resolved.

http://www.opoccuu.com/avto-katusha.htm

Here is another rather interesting copy of "Katyusha"

The BM-13-16 installation on the chassis of the STZ-5 caterpillar tractor. The experimental samples of launchers for M-13 shells on the STZ-5 chassis passed field tests in October 1941 and were put into service. Their mass production was started at the plant. Comintern in Voronezh. However, on July 7, 1942, the Germans captured the right-bank part of Voronezh, and the assembly of installations stopped.

[ICT]

Quote: Kuznetsov 1977

that they did not put the Katyusha on the ZiS-5 chassis

understood, thanks for lekbez

[Michael_59]

Quote: Kuznetsov 1977

The Stalin plant had to be evacuated to Ulyanovsk. Therefore, the production of ZiS-6 from October 15, 1941 was discontinued. In Ulyanovsk, the production of ZiS-6 did not resume. Katyusha began to be mounted on tractors, artillery tractors, and even on T-60 tanks.

The VMS was evacuated in October 1941. to the Volga in Ulyanovsk and the Urals, to Miass, where they established the production of components and assemblies ZiS-5.
UlZIS (later UAZ) assembled trucks from the existing stock of parts. In 1942, the plant from Ulyanovsk and other cities returned to Moscow, from June 1942 it resumed production of trucks.
A part of UlZiS equipment came to Miass, where they formed the Ural branch of ZIS, which produced, like Moscow, ZIS-5V, from the middle of 1944.

[Denis]

Quote: TIT

many copies

Something wrong
The radiator grille is not ZiSowska and the coloring is glamorous

[ICT]

Quote: Denis

The radiator grille is not ZiSowska and the coloring is glamorous

after military homemade work, a monument stands on the road near the city of Swan

[tank 34]

I completely agree, since the dynamic load during a volley could simply destroy the car. And the weight of the installation did not allow mounting the BM-13 on the ZIS 5 chassis. A similar mockery stands on Sapun Mountain in Sevastopol. As for the ZIS-50, my dad was a witness to how the drivers of these Zisov drove Studebaker drivers into the race on the highway. The latter were often brought on the tail, and the Studebaker drivers were nearly brought to a heart attack due to the melting of the liners on the Studer engines. In general, he really praised this car for reliability, simplicity and not whimsical.

[vadim dok]

You are telling a lie! The TTX Studebaker was a cut above the ZIS! After the war, it was copied to the ZIS 151! Which was much WORSE than the pre-war Studer!

[Denis]

Quote: vadim dok

You are telling a lie!

And what does the TTX have to do with it?
The thing is in the box how fast it spins the wheels. How much load will pull another question

[Rjn]

Do not get excited, note that we are talking about the ZIS-50, and I also met about such tricks of theirs with the Studebakers. And the ZIS-151 is not a copy of Studer, but, so to speak, "based on".

[vladstro]

what you need for war is nothing more

[ICT]

the same thing is interesting

an electric car was built on the basis of ZiS-5: it was called LET, it could cover about 60 km on one battery charge (they weighed almost 1, 5 tons), the car took a load of 1, 8 tons (as you can see, the characteristics of this electric car very good, even today). There was only one electric car, it was made on ZiS in the 1935 year and ... garbage was transported on it.

[msv]

ZIS6 is not a fully driven car. The front wheels are not driving. In general, the article does not say that at the beginning of the war over the ZIS-5 they thoroughly worked to simplify production, which is called cutting off the excess. Basically, the change in assembly technology was aimed at reducing the metal consumption and simplifying the manufacture of parts. So there was a wooden cabin, direct fenders. Front brakes and power steering were removed from the car. On machines manufactured in the Urals, even put the headlight on one (there is a photo). Thus, simplification of repair in the field and an increase in the number of cars produced were achieved. And army transport oh how needed.

[ICT]

Quote: msv

In general, the article does not say that at the beginning of the war over the ZIS-5 they thoroughly worked to simplify production, which is called cutting off the excess. Basically, the change in assembly technology was aimed at reducing the metal consumption and simplifying the manufacture of parts. So there was a wooden cabin, direct fenders. Front brakes and power steering were removed from the car. On machines manufactured in the Urals, even put the headlight on one (there is a photo). Thus, simplification of repair in the field and an increase in the number of cars produced were achieved. And army transport oh how needed.

watch. video for the article

[Russ69]

About five years ago, I was at one motor depot for business. There, the director restored the one and a half truck, though it’s already after the war. Allowed to make a circle on it. Here were the impressions ...

[Uncle lee]

I remember the gas generator ZIS-5 (early 50s). Hard worker machine +++

[mithridate]

legendary hard worker

[Avenger711]

Cool shot against the backdrop of the Brandenburg Gate.

[ICT]

Quote: Avenger711

Cool shot against the backdrop of the Brandenburg Gate.

I'm sorry, and which of them

[Avenger711]

With a machine close-up. It looks, however, somehow fotozhabovo.

[ICT]

same as lekbez
http://www.museum.ru/1812/Memorial/arka/index.html

[Sarmat1972]

My father talked about gas-generating ZISs: they started on gasoline. then switched to smoke. Behind the cabin was a stove with wood and wood chips. Gas generating machines were mainly supplied to the rear, as they were weaker in traction, and the best modifications went to the front. Dad himself was a boy, but he found these gas-generating ZISs already working after serving in the army !!! in the year 60

[Evrepid]

Grandfather Waried behind the wheel of such a device for sure!
I just can’t imagine how he rode it!
Now from the car I need:
ABS, ESP, TC. Up / Down Control, etc.
And he could sit on such an apparatus and ride it. I probably won’t even immediately find how to switch gears on it and I’ll search for 6th gear :)

[I am]

This device is the MACHINE. Just a MACHINE.
And modern ones are toys for children of a consumer society, although comfortable, and some even beautiful.

[Evrepid]

Interesting and for what minus that? )))
For the fact that he wrote about the grandfather of the grandfather? :)

[Rezun]

"On the road of life" A. Rosenbaum.
"... well you, lorry? ..."

[ICT]

By 1 November 1941 year factories them. The Comintern, Compressor and Krasnaya Presnya produced 456 BM-13 launchers on the ZiS-6 chassis and 15 launchers for M-13 rockets on the ZiS-5 chassis. An attempt to mount launchers for the M-13 on the ZiS-5 chassis was unsuccessful, and their production was discontinued.

The famous BM-13 guards mortars were not invented in Leningrad. But local workers very quickly mastered their release.
“Katyusha production was put on the assembly line at the beginning of the 42 year,” says Larisa Yanushanets, an employee of the museum exhibition at Klimov Joint-Stock Company. - In the strictest secrecy, shells, hoisting and steering mechanisms were made here and installed all of this on trucks.
But suddenly a problem arose - very soon the ZIS-6 (three-axle, heavy-duty) vehicles ended. Then the local engineers made an original decision: to use ordinary ZIS-5 ("double-axle") trucks, which were in sufficient quantities in the parts of the front.
“It turned out to be unique, a little“ emaciated, ”and therefore truly besieged“ Katyusha, ”the veterans recall. - Such cars throughout the war were not produced anywhere except Leningrad. But the Germans were beaten in full.

text only

[castle]

I would like to steer such a car. Just touch the legend. Sometimes I’m in Moscow. Is there a museum somewhere where you could drive at least 10 kilometers on ZiS - 5 ?. Maybe a museum of military equipment in Arkhangelsk? In June of this year, drove around, but did not look. Time is ... in a hurry. Please advise.

[Uzer 13.]

It should be noted the competent work of designers, who had a good idea of ​​the conditions under which these machines will be operated. Increased maintainability using a simple tool would not become superfluous these days, but in 30-40 it was even more in demand. As for the power unit, it’s known that low-speed large-volume engines have an increased resource, as well as increased thrust-to-weight ratio at low speeds, especially with a lower valve timing (the so-called tractor effect). It is enough to increase the clearance — which was done just about m and a kind of SUV. (manufacturers of modern SUVs somehow completely forgotten about it)
There is, however, another reason for the use of design features in such a combination. There was no good gasoline in the country and 66 octane was probably a pipe dream of Soviet petrochemists. Such gasoline appeared when it turned out that American trucks delivered under Lend-Lease did not work on Soviet gasoline, because their manufacturers shared the technology to increase the octane number with the addition of TPP (tetraethyl lead), now banned for use due to toxicity.

[nazgul-ishe]

We were able to adapt a foreign truck for our needs and our "directions". Glory to the SOVIET designers!

[valerei]

In the early 60s of the last century, the USSR Ministry of Education issued a decree on the introduction of industrial training in secondary schools. The male part of my class began to be taught the driver's profession and I got my first skills in handling the steering wheel on a school truck, which was a real front-line ZIS-5. This truck forgave us everything, because the thrust was extraordinary. And since The gearbox was completely unsynchronized, then we had to master the double squeeze thoroughly, which later came in handy for driving our, auto-industrial, already passenger cars, even equipped with gearboxes with synchronizers.

[Rjn]

Double squeezing and peregazovka help save the resource of synchronizers, just now few of the current drivers will be able to do this.

[Rjn]

In Kiev, at the site of the Museum of the Great Patriotic War, there is some pornography on the theme of "Katyusha" on the ZIS-6 chassis: firstly, angular wings, which were never on the ZIS-6, and secondly, the rear axles are not worm gears , and conical from ZIS-151. Maybe I'm too picky, after all, people tried.

[Woldemar]

More pictures of the war years. And the article is very good.

[Woldemar]

More pictures of the war years. And the article is very good.