The law itself "On Education", let's say, has been hatched for several years. The fruit matured in the womb of the Russian Ministry of Education and Science, and the beginning of "maturation" fell on the era of management of the Russian Ministry of Agriculture Andrei Fursenko, and the final version was born under the current head of the Ministry Dmitry Livanov. The first discussion of the new law took place more than three years ago. At about the same time, it was announced that the law “On Education” of the new sample would not be a purely bureaucratic development, but would become a document created by the active collaboration of the Ministry of Education, specialized committees with representatives of the pedagogical community. Not only university professors and school teachers, but also those people whose children study (studied) in this or that educational institution, as reported, could take part in the discussion of the draft law.
To demonstrate that the law is being widely discussed, and that the opinions of interested persons are taken into account, special educational tables were sent to all educational institutions in the country, to which the teachers should, after consultation, make those proposals and amendments that seem to them extremely important. This made it possible for officials to report that during the work on the draft law, more than 600 thousands of individual proposals and over 40 thousands of collective proposals were considered. And, despite the huge number of proposed amendments, the bill itself, which personifies all the educational reform being carried out in the Russian Federation, if it has undergone any changes, it is only at a cosmetic level: the flow of material and some frankly insignificant points have changed. In general, the final form of the law has changed little in relation to the original version. In this regard, it seems that the game of mass discussion and addition of the bill at the working stage remained so with the game, and the main ideas of the reform conceived by certain officials absolutely did not undergo any changes.
To understand this, you need to come closer to familiarizing yourself with the law on education, which came into force on September 1 of 2013 of the year. Consider and comment on those basic principles that are spelled out in the law.
Statesmen argue that free education is guaranteed in Russia. Exactly about this in his speech the other day spoke Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev.
On the one hand, everything seems to be the following: basic general, complete general, secondary vocational, first higher professional education in our country can be obtained free of charge. However, pre-school education falls somewhat. If we consider that kindergartens in Russia are moving into the category of pre-school educational organizations, then why did the parents of the children not only receive receipts about the need to pay for their children in kindergartens, but also receipts with substantially increased fees? The officials have prepared the following answer to this question: the kindergarten is not only an educational institution, the educators should also look after the children, as they say. Parents do not pay a penny for teaching a kindergarten pupil, but they pay for supervision ...
In principle, few of the parents have obstructed the very idea of charging for kindergarten, since in recent years, the board here has become a matter of course. The following is subjected to criticism: the school can also be called a solely educational system, because the teacher owes his duty not only to teach children how to extract square roots or the rules of writing “living-shi” and “ch-scha”, but also to watch them behavior, adjust it if necessary, monitor communication in such a mini-community as a class or group - in other words, also look after ... This leads to the following thought: would it be possible for certain people to want to use a loophole in the law on education, stating that it is not necessary to pay for schooling, but for education and care it is necessary. It would seem that the fears are unfounded, but here we must immediately turn to another provision of the new law “On Education”.
This position is based on the fact that educational institutions have turned from institutions into organizations. It seems to be the usual bureaucratic move with renaming ... But this is only at first glance. The fact is that the Russian Constitution guarantees free education not at all in organizations, but in institutions that were established by state structures. According to the authors of the draft law, which became law: the institution was established by the state, and the organization could organize itself, and if so, then let it feed on its own ...
The situation is further complicated by the fact that about 2013 billions of rubles are allocated from the federal budget for the implementation of the new Law on Education in 16, but from the regional budgets more than 25 billion are needed for the same purposes rubles. At the same time, the level of financing was determined on the basis of a three-year layout of the budget - back in 405,1, and the prices during this time managed to move up and down repeatedly. It turns out that the main burden of financing educational institutions falls on the subjects of the federation, and far not every head of the region will allow himself to simply take and remove the extra 2011-5 billion rubles from the regional budget, perceiving the thought of the need to comply with the concept of providing free education to those who want. Do we have governors who can spit on the law? According to probability theory, there will definitely be such ...
This judgment is further supported by the following information. In a number of educational organizations of the Central Federal District, at the very beginning of the school year, so-called round tables were held, at which the topic of extrabudgetary sources of financing was discussed as the main topic. Heads of schools, technical schools, organizations of additional education should have announced before the heads of regions and municipalities figures of attracting extrabudgetary funds for past years. Some talked about the profitability of renting sports halls and playgrounds, others narrated about conducting paid course training, others, looking down, said that extrabudgetary sources of funding in 2012 could not be attracted. Obviously, if such a round table was held, then someone needs it ... Someone? Yes, all the same representatives of the regional authorities, who are already beginning to look for a way out of the current situation with the need to finance the educational sector from the regional budget bag for 90-95%.
This alone encourages the leaders of educational organizations to seek, as the famous satirist says, internal reserves.
We turn to the aggregate of free school subjects. Schoolchildren, according to the letter of the law, can receive absolutely free knowledge, skills and abilities in the lessons of mathematics, Russian language, biology, chemistry and a number of other academic disciplines, but, for example, they will have to pay for attending art classes or music.
It would seem, well, okay ... Just the majority will not attend these classes - and the problem is solved. On the one hand, this is really a solution. But there is another side. No matter how much they say that there are “basic” and “non-basic” academic disciplines in the school curriculum, the law does not cancel the need to prepare a so-called comprehensively developed personality. At the same time, the transfer of a certain part of objects to the paid sphere puts them in unequal conditions with respect to the rest. But then, one must frankly say that the new educational system will lose more in relation to the same Soviet one than it will gain. If earlier the student himself could determine the motivation for the development of academic disciplines, today finance is also artificially mixed into this delicate question.
But the authors of the new law say that paid classes at school (for example, in-depth study of mathematics or physics) will negate the corruption component. And the authors could be believed if not for one “but”. The Law “On Education” states that from now on the Unified State Exam (EGE) becomes an obligatory type of final control of students' knowledge and skills (for complete general education), and GIA - for basic general education. This alone leads students to attend these paid classes in order to ultimately receive a positive assessment on the exam or GIA. The law says: do not want - do not attend ... Aha! Schazz! If you don’t attend, you’re most likely to get a bad exam on the exam, because mastering the necessary amount of knowledge to get a positive mark on the exam in the same mathematics (for the allotted 2 hours per week of training according to the standard) is not possible.
This pushes schools to make money on their own students, many of whom are still not going to abandon classes with individual tutors.
One should not forget that the law finally introduces the so-called Bologna system of higher education in Russia with its two levels: bachelor and magistracy. It's okay if not the next "but." Countries that today are among the leaders of world education (Japan, Singapore, South Korea) abandon this system, switching to the option that was effectively exploited in the Soviet Union. And after all, no one can dare to name the South Korean Ministry of Education as retrograde ... For some reason, the Soviet educational experience is stubbornly presented as something miserable and morally obsolete. At the same time, the overwhelming majority of the ideologists of the new reform managed to forget that they themselves had studied in Soviet universities. Or are they trying to convey to us the idea that during the Soviet era they were learning very badly ...
Moreover, the new law obliges the often hobbling regional budgets to pay for student accommodation in dormitories, which can lead to a situation where a student instead of 5-10% will pay 60-70% instead of 100% from his own pocket, or even all XNUMX%. Will there be enough student scholarships for living in a dormitory of a university in a major city? This is unlikely ... By the way, the increase in the cost of living in a student dormitory has already led to dissatisfaction on the part of student unions, which are going to draw the attention of state officials to themselves.
So why did it take to reform education in a way that is definitely linked to the financial side? Maybe to save the federal budget? But if the budget is going to save on the future of the country, then the idea is more than dubious. Perhaps to train managers of educational organizations in the search for alternative sources of income? But then it was possible to immediately designate schools, technical schools and universities not by organizations, but an LLC - everything would be extremely clear, and people would have no unnecessary questions about the purpose of the reform ...
And if the questions on reform give rise to unequivocal answers, no matter what happened with the military reform: first they reformed, then they took up their heads and began to look for opportunities to play back a number of points. True, with educational reform, everything will be much more complicated. It is here that the first tangible fruits will not appear tomorrow, but only after a few years, and during this time the situation may be aggravated so that Mama do not grieve ...