Tyrant and his team
“Cadres decide everything!” - this famous Stalinist message, in my opinion, perfectly reflects the main principle of our despotic state from Grozny to Putin. For with its chain device, only a special skeleton, exposed by the highest will, can drag the country forward, like a tractor on a tight off-road. And sometimes with his caterpillars he breaks ruts even more.Under Grozny, the state was still understood here as the personal property of the tsar, whom he is entitled to dispose of as he pleases. To this, Grozny himself pressed on the controversy with our first political émigré Kurbsky, so responding to the reproach of arbitrary arbitrariness: “I am the king, is free to execute someone, pardon someone!” basis, and “through the people”, serving as a tenacious head of personnel department throughout the country. Historians even share his rule on the basis of the following cadre: a good period close to the Tsar Protopop, Sylvester and the Governor Adashev; terrible - oprichnika Malyuta Skuratov ...
Oprichnina, which gave a whole corps of storm troopers loyal to the tsar - the apotheosis of the cadre idea. These cadres nurtured "under him" truly decided everything in the country, in relation to which Grozny still didn’t seem to have any integral plan. He introduced some kind of good reforms, crushed sedition - but he himself sowed it with wild rampant executions and his shameful consolations. However, for any business, the necessary personalities were very prudently, sometimes polar warehouses: Skuratov, Godunov, the Stroganov merchants, Yermak ...
As a result of the strong, but rather impulsive personnel policy of Grozny, the country, on the one hand, has doubled. But on the other - the boyars, being jealous of his personnel purges, then they handed it over to the Poles, no matter how Godunov tried to atone for the ruined ruin by the forerunner. But here came the footage of the "second row" led by Pozharsky, and by the end of all of Russia Siberia, the Kazan and Astrakhan Khanate conquered the unbridled tyrant.
Another great personnel officer, Peter, was already not only the owner, but also the zealous servant of his native land. His character is depicted by such an edit made in the vocabulary of foreign words. The compiler wrote: "The General is the highest, the most important." Peter crossed it out, inscribed: "The most important, with all respect having." The workaholic himself, he managed to forge his personnel reserve so much that he served the assigned tasks selflessly - as a result, the country gave an unprecedented breakthrough. Whether there, at that price, is another question; but all the ideas were fulfilled, as they say today, absolutely - the best example of which is story with bookmark Ekaterinburg.
The fast social elevator of Peter raised Nikita Demidov, who fulfilled and exceeded all obligations under armory parts from simple artisans to the first breeders of Russia. But becoming almost the Ural prince at his factories, Demidov fell into a dizziness typical of such upstarts from success, having ceased to see the interests of the whole country behind his profits. And when another great shot of Peter, Vasily Tatishchev arrived in the Urals for the development of mining, met him, as a competitor, with hostility.
Tatishchev, our first historian, economist, geographer and enlightener, after studying for a royal voucher abroad, returned home not as a pro-Western monkey, but as an active patriot of the Motherland. And when he was sent “to build factories in the Siberian province and to smelt silver and copper from ores”, he went against the Senate, who wanted more silver and copper for minting money. He understood that the money itself - ugh: the more they are, the less they cost, but other profits must be multiplied: the iron needed for the war and peaceful development is iron.
And he decided to build on the Iset River a new factory “fortress”, surpassing not only Demidov’s iron output, but also all world production of that time. He compiled a grand project of construction with a list of all aspects - from the extraction of raw materials to the use of captured Swedes at work - and sent him to St. Petersburg. Then Demidov wrote a terrible denunciation to him, Tatishchev answered no less toothy.
To judge two of his nominees, Peter sent the third - Wilhelm de Genin, already from his “foreign legion”, who served the king again, not for fear, but for conscience. The Dutchman Genin distinguished himself in the war with the Swedes, built a cannon yard and a powder factory in St. Petersburg, a water intake in Moscow, founded the first Mining School in Russia, opened ore deposits ... The Tsar for merits produced him as a general and bestowed a diamond framed portrait. In a complicated Ural intrigue, the influential graph Apraksin asked for Genin for Demidov, but the valiant legionnaire replied with a bold honor: “I’m happy to fix Demidov, but it's only in the interest of His Imperial Majesty”.
Having studied the clash between Demidov and Tatishchev, Genin not only took the side of the latter, but also sparked his plans. And they let the couple do something for which, in the event of a blunder, it would have been impossible for the two to demolish their heads: without the consent of the Senate, they would start a new fortress on Iset. Here, another persona grata is intertwined with all the intrigue - Peter's wife Catherine, with whom Tatishchev gradually wrote off Genin. This non-Russian woman, who got out of the dirt in the tender darling of Peter, who had direct access to his body, turned out to be his loyal assistant in personnel.
For a pile of his affairs, Peter could not penetrate into all peripetias, was forced to listen to advisers, and she believed at all as if he were himself. And she, using the marital bed as a kind of table of reports, asked him and her dear spouse for those two, after which the Berg-Collegium approved their plan for laying the future capital of the Urals. They called her politically in honor of the tsarina, and she replied to Genin: “What did you write about the fact that the factory was built as Katerinburgh, which is similar to His Majesty? And We thank you for correcting the work put on you and for the name in the name of our newly built plant. ”
Here are some shots Peter forged: not just exemplary performers, but obsessively torn, with the risk of heads, in overtaking assigned tasks - and this was above all great. Since one king in a despotic country, even three times gold himself is nothing; and only the ability to build such a personnel belt of loyalty leads to its success.
But immediately after the death of Peter began the fierce beating of his valiant frames. The trashy heirs of the great tsar chose the path of barren, temporary, as barren, temporary bishops capable only of hypocritical praise to the sovereign. Well, as about modern temporary workers, not building anything, just stealing, lick ass Putin.
This period, called Bironovshchina named after the bloodsucker favorite of stupid Queen Anna Ioannovna Biron, ended with the coming to power of Catherine II. That, although German, but in a sense, the Russian soul, took as a model Peter, her idol - but she was only partially able to repeat his actions. Such state-charged men as Derzhavin, still charged by Petrov, Lomonosov, with her woman’s slack, were under the heel of her alcove husbands, who had a natural jealousy for non-alcove ones. And from this Indian kingdom, perhaps, the tradition of some contempt for all men “outside the family” has gone down. The best core of the country - Suvorov, Kutuzov, Pushkin, Herzen and so on - was already in one way or another disgraced. Moving away from the rod of activity of the most ardent heads served, in my opinion, and the uprising of those who loved their Motherland more than the life of the Decembrists. Under Peter, such a riot of unclaimed personnel, it seems to me, would have been unthinkable: he would have found what a worthy investment in this pile of idle captive patriots would be.
And throughout the 19-th century, this disgraced tendency only worsened, bringing the end of Russian autocracy closer. It seems to us to be something normal and natural that the best minds of Russia then fought not for something positive - but against the current government. But there is something anomalous in the fact that the conscience of the nation called not to build, but to break! Gogol brilliantly mocks the Motherland in the "Inspector" and in the first volume of "Dead Souls" - but only takes up the second in a positive, loses all his gift and burns himself this unsuccessful attempt ...
There is a misconception that it is easy to govern a country: the ruler de himself does not need to know much, it is worthwhile to recruit sensible advisers - and they will figure it all out. But to understand those who understand - and there is the most difficult, masterly work. And our last Tsar Nicholas II, smooth from the face, but a complete layman in everything, blew all his cadres — and with them the country. First, the Minister of Finance Witte served him as a magic wand. There is a gap somewhere, failure - the cards will immediately be in his hands, and he will lead the Transsiberian railway, then he will sign the post-war world with Japan, “as if not she won, but Russia!” But only save the situation - just another disfavor and resignation : A talentless king could not tolerate such a talented businessman next to him. And in 1906, he finally changes him to the premier of Stolypin, a man of rigid will, but who did not create a share of Witte.
But the “Stolypin ties”, with time, are less and less pleasing to the thin caper. And killing a favorite in 1911, whose last words were: “Happy to die for the king!” - causes more relief in Nicholas than sorrow. Then, at the suggestion of the queen adored by him, he brings the dissolute Rasputin to himself - for the elemental gift of taming the sufferings of the disease prince Alexei - and makes him his personnel officer. Along the way, he is still trying to find support a lower level: he establishes the Duma, he disperses it, he shuffles generals and ministers - but everything is in vain. As a result, the shots squandered among them, among which there were plenty of bright personalities like Kolchak, Brusilov, Putilov, kill this disgrace of the country of Rasputin, then incline the tsar himself to abdication. His last favorite was the minister of the court, Count Frederiks, the guardian of court etiquette. There is a bloody war, the country is already rushing into the abyss, and the most relevant frame for the supreme commander is the minister of the yard!
Today it is customary to blame the Bolsheviks for the death of Tsarist Russia, but this is utter nonsense. They are neither guilty nor guilty of the fact that the tsar of the white-haired and soft-nosed man ditched everything, that at least the ancestors of 300 built up his years after the expulsion of the Poles. And to sculpt a saint out of him, as is being done now, not to respect his own history and to despise the labors of those who actually shed sweat and blood in their own fields.
Of course, Stalin became our greatest cadre builder, under whom our industrial growth reached unprecedented 22 percent per year. He advanced, though sometimes thorny in the ways, of true creators, on whom he had some kind of brutal scent. Tupolev, Korolev, Shostakovich, Kurchatov, Lavochkin, Ilyushin, Sholokhov, Kapitsa, Landau and thousands more brilliant names are his, personally selected frames. And he executed, without regret, Balamutov talkers like Rykov, Zinoviev, Bukharin; from the present litter, it would certainly be happy to get such people as Nemtsov, Chubais, Gref, Yasin and other liberal scum.
This is typical of the case of Tukhachevsky, who is now being elevated as some kind of especially enlightened military specialist who was executed for his suspicion of treason. He, who flaunted his scholarship, was commissioned in 1931 to create a domestic tank. But when he rolled out his three-tower to the parade in the 37th Tanks, promising soon five-tower, in which a gun from one tower no-no beat the other, Stalin grabbed his head in horror. And it seems to me that the fate of this dandy was decided not even by suspicion of participating in the Trotskyite conspiracy, but by this clear betrayal: to ditch a bunch of money on the devil that, thank God, replaced by the Koshkin T-34 before the war.
Both Landau, and Tupolev, and Korolev sinned with sedition - but they knew their business was tight, why they were not only forgiven, but also ascended, after their very creative imprisonment, to the very top of honor. That is why now the whole army of our idlers and go-goers hates Stalin so fiercely, the people of labor pay him great tribute.
Khrushchev in his selection of personnel shifted the emphasis from devotion to business to devotion to the "party and personally", opening the way for a strange paradox. The more the country was liberated externally, the more it was enslaved internally - and over a decade of Khrushchev’s power, much milder than Stalin’s, nothing close to the amazing galaxy of former geniuses was born in the country. But until the end of Soviet power, we still retained such a cadre that created all our weapons, all MIGs, SUs, Grads, and tanks that serve to this day.
This cadre defeat was inflicted on the country under the guise of perestroika by Gorbachev with his pathological frailty. Terribly afraid of any competition when he was not washed out and in the general secretaries of the local self-consciousness, he did not forge, like Stalin, but extinguished decent frames. The new secretary of the Kaluga regional committee of the Ulanov, appointed by him, in my eyes, first of all, removed the director of the best state farm of the region for exceeding by half the average yield. There is nothing to earn cheap popularity for yourself - well, and all that is verbiage.
From the same panic fear of the best cadres, Gorbachev shoved the editor of the then best newspaper, Komsomolskaya Pravda, Seleznev, into the editors of the Teacher's newspaper. And its former editor, Matveev, a crystal fanatic who raised the industry press to the level of a publication read by the entire intelligentsia of the country, was reduced to Seleznev’s secrets. Why Matveev, who did not endure such a slap in the face from a perestroika, whom he believed from the heart, died a month later.
Under Gorbachev, some exaggerated heavyweights such as Yakovlev, Ligachev, Primakov, who could only shake their palms with their palm, were nothing more than that. Why all of his restructuring, which gave rise to sheer hypocrisy, when only humans could crawl into the gap of freedom open to them, but people couldn’t, and ended pitifully.
Yeltsin, who replaced him, put our personnel department in the hands of the States; and, as has already been officially recognized, with him, full-time CIA staff worked as advisers to our departments.
Everything is more complicated with Putin, who nevertheless drove out these spies - but at the same time everyone who could bring at least something to the end. It seems to be not a timid leader, not like Gorbachev, but the feeling that this same fear of fear has lodged in him. Stalin, not being afraid of moral competition, gave out a carte blanche to Tupolev, Lavochkin, Kurchatov - to those who exactly would bring their case to the bitter end. Kurchatov, the most rabid daredevil, drawn by Stalin from a circle of colleagues, in four years instead of the predicted twenty, created our atomic bomb. And Putin, in order to build on the long-known patterns of our new aircraft, the Superjet fished in no way equal to Pogosyan’s task, which is all.
Under Stalin, for the crazy costs incurred at the same time they would be used against the wall, but Putin seemed to be rubbing his hands in secret: aha, it wasn’t possible - and good! Since all that succeeds, he should succeed only. Such a hypertrophied, perhaps, a superiority complex - perhaps caused by some previous personal repression. From Yeltsin, who incited him to slander Prosecutor General Skuratov, on which he rose to the heirs to the throne; from maybe even an early service in overwhelmingly personal impulses of the KGB.
Putin, who has become to some extent our only existing cadre, is himself in the near future most effectively fighting all the ills of the country. But in the distant, strategic, it only multiplies these evils, like corruption, the dominance of migrants, the extermination of domestic production. Since it is still one, without the specified chastity belt, there is no warrior in the field. And this belt of fidelity — United Russia, mired in the now obvious theft and cheating, became the same CPSU mired in hypocrisy at the end of the USSR.
But I don’t think that even now, after all the cutting down of decent cadres, like cedar in the taiga, we don’t have them at all. That only parasites of the type of Abramovich, Vekselberg, Usmanov are capable of pawing our bowels and steel giants built in the USSR - the native country is still very broad. It’s just that in the most secret background, fed by our despotic device, everyone is accustomed to believing in the king-father, the good despot, who will distribute to everyone in earrings. But today, only parasites receive these earrings in the ears, and our Tatishchevs, Queens, Tupolevs did not need the current sovereign.
For the time being there is no one to change it, which he uses from the heart. But how to convince our not yet extinct personnel that they decide everything? And as once a decent ruler forged them, today they should, well, even try to forge him!
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