Traitor loser Khrushchev and Ustinov patronized him, and he chose to flee to the USA
In 1962, Yury Ivanovich Nosenko, an employee of the Second Main Directorate of the KGB, joined the list of traitors who had fled to the West. True, unlike other defectors, he had to prove the sincerity of his intentions for a very long time. His father, Nosenko Ivan Isidorovich, Stalin's favorite, selflessly devoted to the leader, the Minister of Shipbuilding, died of a heart attack in 1954, when he learned about Khrushchev’s decision to reduce the appropriations for the Navy, in particular, to abandon the construction of two aircraft carriers.
FOREIGN AMONG YOUR OWN
Yuri Nosenko, as befits an offspring of the nomenklatura parent, had no difficulty in anything. In 1942, he enrolled in the Nakhimov School, and in 1944, he entered the Naval Academy. After he accidentally shot himself with his left hand, he was commissioned and fired as a citizen. Immediately he enters MGIMO and after graduating from the institute he starts his service in the GRU, and in 1953 he transferred to the MGB and begins his service in the 1 department of the Second Main Directorate, which carries out counterintelligence counteraction against the operations of the US special services.
The patronage of First Deputy Khrushchev and Chairman of the Supreme Council of National Economy of the Council of Ministers of the USSR Dmitry Ustinov, a higher education received in the most prestigious university of the country, helped Yuri quickly move up the career ladder (in 1950-x and the beginning of 1960-x only 30% of employees The second cupola had a higher education, and foreigners generally owned a few) and go abroad. In 1957 – 1962, he traveled on short trips to England, Cuba, Switzerland, which in those times was an incredible success and even a luxury for the employees of the Soviet special services.
The ratio of colleagues to Nosenko was negative. Colonel Efremov, expressing the opinion of the collective of one of the divisions of the Second KGB head office, spoke about him in 1961 this way: “Yuri Nosenko is a man spoiled by living conditions, who behaves arrogantly and rudely with his colleagues, ignoring the head of the department, besides being inclined to drink alcoholic beverages . Friendship Nosenko seeks to drive with people in a high position. He recruited foreigners on compromising materials, because he was not sufficiently prepared to implement it on an ideological basis. ”
Being in Geneva as part of the Soviet delegation on disarmament as a “brick” (an operative member of the delegations and tourist groups for the so-called counter-intelligence support, but more often to prevent Soviet citizens from trying to stay abroad; the name comes from the prohibiting road sign), the captain of the KGB Yuri Nosenko appealed to the American diplomat with a request for confidential conversation. The diplomat notified the CIA resident in Bern about this, and the petitioner was received by George Kiezwalter, a famous “scalp hunter” from the CIA - a recruiter of potential traitors from among the employees of the Soviet special services. By that time, he had already recruited military intelligence officers Colonel Peter Popov and Oleg Penkovsky, as well as the future General-Major of the GRU Dmitry Polyakov.
"Brick" to return the government money spent in a public house, expressed its readiness to transfer to the CIA some secret information for the Swiss francs 900. He also asked him to get medicine for his daughter, who was treated in hospital for bronchial asthma.
Kyzvalter agreed to all the conditions, and here the “initiator” suffered. Nosenko gave Kyzvalter information about recruitment approaches of the KGB, both accomplished and planned, to several Anglo-Saxon diplomats with non-traditional sexual orientation. Among those named were Joseph Alsop, a columnist for the New York Herald Tribune, a close friend of US President John F. Kennedy, Canadian Ambassador to the USSR John Watkins, and a British intelligence officer for the Admiralty (Navy), John Vassal. The Initiative also provided Kaizwalter with detailed information about listening devices in the American Embassy building on the Garden Ring. They were all 42, and they were in bamboo tubes for heating batteries. The diplomatic mission of the Federal Republic of Germany was listened in the same way, where the ambassador, intending to publish his memoirs, dictated to the secretary every evening about the events of the day, including correspondence with Bonn, NATO and ambassadors of other countries, unaware that he was broadcasting directly into the KGB recording studio microphones.
The traitor told Kyzvalter about the system of using “spy dust” - powder applied to clothes or mail correspondence in order to track their movements. In addition, Nosenko reported in detail about the KGB operations in Geneva, which was very important for Americans from an intelligence point of view, since all sorts of international forums were constantly held there.
In conclusion, a plan for future meetings was drawn up with a voluntary "mole". Nosenko agreed to further contacts under one condition: they should not occur on the territory of the USSR, where, in his opinion, this is extremely dangerous. It was decided that, once abroad, he would send a telegram to the address controlled by the CIA. He did not stutter on the transition to the enemy, on the contrary - he sought to return to the USSR to a sick daughter.
In parting, the traitor was presented with a piece of fabric on a dress for his wife as a reward. He also was awarded a friendly pat on the shoulder of an easy (in all respects!) Hands of Keiswalter, after which he safely left for Moscow.
Escape from Paradise
20 February 1964, Nosenko again arrived in Geneva, still in the same role of “brick” as part of the Soviet disarmament delegation. At a stipulated address in New York, he sent a telegram and soon met with his curator from the CIA, all with the same George Kiezvalter.
Since the murder of President Kennedy 22 on November 1963, was still widely known, and the Warren commission to investigate it had just begun, Kyzwalter’s first questions, of course, concerned Lee Harvey Oswald, suspected of having committed the assassination.
Nosenko convinced his counterpart that he personally led the operational development of Oswald, when he suddenly found himself in Moscow in October 1959, and asked for political asylum. At the same time, Yuri asserted that since Oswald was recognized as a mentally unstable person, he could not be used as an agent and therefore was not of interest to the KGB. He was denied political refugee status, however, he gave in to his harassment to remain in the USSR only because he tried to commit suicide. Soon Oswald married a Soviet citizen named Marina, and they settled in Minsk. According to Nosenko, Marina is stupid, non-cultural, anti-Soviet. All this taken together hastened the adoption by the Committee of a positive decision to release them from the USSR when they filed a petition for leaving the United States.
Nosenko had the opportunity to study the case of operational observation of the American, since after the Kennedy assassination, the head of the Second Central Board, Lieutenant-General Gribanov requested all materials from Minsk to Moscow. The traitor solemnly assured Kizwalter that the KGB never did approach Oswald with the goal of his operational use: “With all my hatred towards him, I cannot testify against my own conscience. I know the essence of the matter and confirm that the Soviet Union was in no way involved in the assassination of the US president and in all this stories! "
After several meetings, Nosenko began to hint to Kizevalter that he would not mind staying in the West. He took an interest in his prospects in the event of a positive solution to the issue. The curator replied that, at the direction of the Director of the CIA, an account was opened in the bank in the name of Nosenko, where 50 thousand dollars had already been deposited. If the contract is renewed, 25 thousand dollars will be added to it annually. And for helping to expose every mole in the ground The CIA and SIS will add another 10 thousand dollars to the initial amount each time.
James Jesus Angleton4 February 1964, Nosenko summoned Kaizwalter to an emergency meeting and said that he was urgently called to Moscow. He explained that this could mean one thing - he was exposed and he was waiting for arrest and execution. In this regard, he asks for protection from the CIA. Many years later, the defector admits that he invented all this in order to push the Americans to more decisive actions.
Kaizwalter reported the situation to the headquarters of the CIA, and from there immediately came the answer: “Agreed!” On the same day, Yury was handed American documents, in a civilian dress he was transported across the Swiss border in the Federal Republic of Germany and settled in a conspiratorial apartment of the CIA in the Frankfurt suburb- on the Main. There, he was met by David Murphy, the head of the Soviet CIA department, who confirmed the Office’s financial obligations and warned Nosenko that he would have to undergo a polygraph test to prove his sincerity. A week later, February 11 1964, Nosenko got off the plane at the Andrews base of the US Air Force near Washington.
In the USSR, on the fact of Nosenko’s flight, a criminal case under the code name “Herod” was opened. 22 June 1964, the indictment against Nosenko, prepared as a result of investigative actions, was approved by the Deputy Chief Military Prosecutor and sent to the Military Collegium of the USSR Supreme Court, which rendered the following sentence:
“Nosenko, Yuri Ivanovich, convicted of treason and, on the basis of clause" a "of article 64 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR, put the death penalty in execution and confiscation of all his personal property. On the basis of article 36 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR, to deprive Nosenko of the military rank of "captain" and make a proposal to the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR about depriving him of government awards. Introduce the submission to the chairman of the State Security Committee at the USSR Council of Ministers on the deprivation of Nosenko of the medal "For impeccable service of the third degree". The sentence is not subject to appeal and protest in cassation. ”
As a result of an official investigation conducted by the KGB, many defector’s colleagues were punished. The head of the Second Main Directorate, Lieutenant-General Oleg Gribanov, was removed from office, and more than a hundred employees were recalled from foreign missions and were restricted to leave the country.
FOUR YEARS WITHOUT THE RIGHT
Fearing that the CIA would not fulfill its promises to the end, Nosenko became nervous and began to drown his experiences in alcohol, which soon turned into a continuous binge, and a new life in America turned into a nightmare.
James Jesus Angleton, the head of the CIA's counterintelligence, believed that Nosenko’s escape served several KGB goals. First, to divert attention from the information provided by the true defector, Anatoly Golitsyn, about "moles" in the CIA. Secondly, to bring to the West information that the KGB has nothing to do with Oswald or the Kennedy assassination. At first glance, these suspicions seemed reasonable. Indeed, it was very strange to hear that the KGB did not pay attention to Oswald, a former marine, and also served as a radar operator on the military base of the U-2 reconnaissance aircraft in Atsugi in Japan. In addition, if Oswald killed the president on his own initiative, then it is likely that the Soviet leadership could “throw” the CIA defector in the person of Nosenko in order to convince the US administration that he was not involved in the murder.
At the direction of Angleton 4, April 1964, the CIA conducted an interrogation with prejudice. Nosenko was subjected to a lie detector test. And in order to make him speak the truth, it was decided, regardless of the actual results of the test, to tell him that he had not passed it, that is, he was found to be lying.
“The CIA began shouting that I was lying, and several guards immediately broke into the room,” Nosenko recalled. “They ordered me to stand up against the wall, undress, and searched me.” After that they led upstairs to one of the rooms in the attic. There was only a metal bed attached to the floor. I was not told why I was placed here and for how long. A few days later, the CIA began interrogation. I tried to cooperate in good faith and even recorded everything in the evenings that I could recall about the KGB. The interrogations lasted two months and were very rude and hostile. Then they stopped coming altogether. ”
Nosenko was in isolation from April 1964 of the year to December of 1968. The conditions of imprisonment were especially difficult at the CIA training center, on the so-called “Farm”, where Nosenko was detained from August 1965 to October 1967.
Nosenko was taken there in handcuffs, blindfolded and placed in a concrete cell with bars on the doors. There was only a narrow iron bed with a mattress in the cell, and bed linen was missing. Day and night guards watched him. In order to occupy himself with something, Nosenko secretly made chess of different colored threads, but during a regularly conducted search they were confiscated.
Only a year later, he was allowed 30-minute walks in the fresh air in a fenced concrete courtyard and exercise. All this time, Nosenko was intensively interrogated, often with the use of the same lie detector. It must be said that all interrogations did not add anything new but insignificant details to what was already said. The CIA, meanwhile, demanded from Angleton a final resolution of the situation.
In 1967, the new CIA director Richard Helms instructed Bruce Salt, the security officer, to revisit the issue of the reasons for Nosenko’s departure to the West. At the same time, Angleton instructed his subordinates to present a plan for solving the problem.
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Pete Begley, an employee who specialized in operations against the USSR and was directly involved in the fate of Nosenko, who also shared Angleton’s view that this defector was no other than the KGB’s response. In his letter to Angleton, he outlined his vision of possible solutions to the problem. Thus, item 5-m in the list of possible shares was “liquidation of a defector”; under 6, “to make him incapable of coherently expressing her thoughts” (for this purpose, a set of psychotropic drugs was proposed); under 7-m - "placement in the house for the mentally ill, without plunging him into unconsciousness."
Won the point of view of Bruce Soli. In October 1968, he submitted a report to the Director of the CIA in which he justified Nosenko. Angleton and his followers immediately criticized the report. However, the deputy director of the CIA, Rufus Taylor, agreed with Salt’s conclusions: “I am convinced now that there are no grounds to consider Nosenko to be the wrong person for whom he claims to be.”
Richard Helms put an end to the controversy (and to the sufferings of the defector), awarding Salt with a medal for his work on the rehabilitation of Nosenko and giving the last two-week vacation in Florida, but under the protection of two gorillopodobnyh FBI employees. Upon returning from Florida, Nosenko received documents for a new name, he was enlisted in the CIA staff as a consultant and paid compensation for forced absenteeism in the amount of 137 052 dollars.
As a consultant, Nosenko worked until the end of the 1980s, and all this time he, as his masters in Langley believed, was in mortal danger, but already from the KGB, who allegedly put him on the list of traitors to be liquidated. But the court began the twenty-first century. A lot of new defectors from among the employees of the special services of the former Soviet Union appeared. Before Nosenko, who had fled at the beginning of the 60s of the last century, nobody was already concerned.
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