Anti-aircraft missile system C-300P
The creation of an air defense system designed to replace the S-75 air defense system began in the mid-60s at the initiative of the command of the country's air defense forces and KB-1 of the Ministry of Radio Industry. It was originally intended to develop a unified anti-aircraft anti-aircraft missile system S-500U for air defense, ground forces and fleetbut in the future, taking into account the individual characteristics of each type of troops, it was decided to develop, according to a single TTT, the most unified anti-aircraft and anti-ballistic missile system S-300, designed for the army (version S-300V, the main developer - NII-20), Navy ( S-300F, All-Russian Research Institute Altair) and the Air Defense Forces (S-300P, NPO Almaz led by Academician Boris Bunkin).
However, a deep interspecific unification of systems, the creation of which was carried out in various teams under highly contradictory requirements, was not at that time achieved. Thus, in the C-300P and C-300В systems, only 50% of functional radar detection devices were unified.
Anti-aircraft missile troops were to receive a new medium-range air defense system S-300P, intended for the defense of administrative and industrial facilities, stationary command posts, headquarters and military bases from strategic and tactical attacks aviationas well as KR.
The principal features of the new air defense system were to be high mobility and the ability to simultaneously fire several targets, provided by a multi-function radar with a phased array with digital control of the beam position. (None of the foreign ZRKs that existed by that time had multi-channel properties. The domestic multi-channel C-25 complex, as well as the “Dal” air defense system that was not adopted, was made in stationary versions.) The 5B55 type missiles became the basis of the system. The rocket was ejected from the TPC pipe using a gas catapult to a height of 20 m, while its control aerodynamic surfaces were revealed. The gas rudders, following the commands of the autopilot, deployed the rocket to a predetermined course, and after turning on the cruising single-stage engine, it rushed to the target.
Testing of the C-300P elements of the ZRS, developed under the guidance of B.V. Bunkin, held at the site Sary-Shagan (Kazakhstan) since the mid 70-s.
In 1978, the first version of the complex transported C-300PT (NATO code SA-10A Grumble) was adopted. The C-300PT battery consisted of three 5P85 PUs (4 TPK), a radar for lighting and RPN guidance (Ф1) and a control cabin (Ф2).
In 1980, the C-300PT system developers were awarded the State Prize. The release of the C-300PT ZRS continued until the beginning of the 80-s. In the middle of 80, the complex underwent a series of upgrades, receiving the designation C-300PT-1. In 1982, the air defense forces adopted a new version of the C-300P air defense system - the C-300PS self-propelled complex (codename NATO - SA-10B Grumble), developed at the Almaz Scientific and Production Association under the leadership of the chief designer Alexander Lemansky.
The creation of this complex was due to the analysis of the experience of combat use of missiles in Vietnam and the Middle East, where the survival of the air defense systems was greatly promoted by their mobility, the ability to get out from under the enemy’s “face-to-face” strike and quickly prepare for battle in a new position. The new complex had a record-short deployment time - 5 minutes, making it hardly vulnerable for enemy aircraft.
It consisted of an advanced rocket 5ВХNUMXР, which was guided by the principle of “target tracking through a rocket” and the 55В5КД missile defense system with a firing range increased to 55 km.
C-300PS division includes 3 SAM batteries, each of which consists of three self-propelled launchers on the MAZ-543М chassis and one 5НХNUMXС machine consisting of the combined RPN Ф63С cabins and the combat control ФХNUMXК on one MAZ-1 chassis.
The launchers are divided into one main 5P85C with a F3 launch preparation and control cabin and an autonomous power supply system 5С18, and two additional 5П85Д equipped with only one autonomous power supply system 5СX19.
A battery can simultaneously fire at 6 targets, two missiles each, to ensure a high hit rate.
New technical means introduced into the C-300PT-1 and C-300PS air defense systems significantly expanded their combat capabilities. For the exchange of telemetric information with the air defense command center, located at a distance of more than 20 km from the division, the Pine antenna mast device was used on the ZIL-131Н chassis. In case of autonomous combat operations, an air defense missile system in isolation from the command post can be assigned to the C-300PS division an all-height three-coordinate radar 36Д6 or 16Ж6.
In 1989, the export version of the C-300PS system — C-300PMU (NATO code SA-10C Grumble) appears. In addition to minor changes in the composition of the equipment, the export version is also distinguished by the fact that PUs are only offered in the version transported on semi-trailers (5P85T). For operational maintenance, the C-300PMU system can be equipped with a mobile repair station PRB-300U.
The further development of the complex was the ZRS-300PM and its export version - C-300PMU-1 (NATO code designation - SA-10D Grumble).
Development of an improved version of the complex began in 1985 year.
For the first time, the C-XNUMPPMU-300 was shown at the Mosaeroshow-1 air show in Zhukovsky, and a year later its capabilities were demonstrated during demonstration shooting during the IDEX-92 international weapons exhibition (Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates). In 93, the C-1993PM complex was put into service.
C-300PT C-300PS C-300PM C-300PMU-2
(C-XNUMPPMU) (C-300PMU-300)
Year of adopting
1978 1982 1993 1997
Тип ЗУР 5В55К 5В55К/5В55Р (48Н6) 48Н6 (48Н6Е) 48Н6Е2
RPN review sector (in azimuth), degrees
60. 90. 90. 90.
Borders of the affected area, km:
far (aerodynamic. goal)
47. 47 / 75. (90). to 150
near
5. 5 / 5. 3-5. 3.
The height of the target, km:
minimum (aerodynamic. goal)
0,025. 0,025 / 0,025. 0,01. 0,01.
- minimal (ballistic target)
- - 0,006 n / a
- maximum (aerodynamic. goal)
25. 27. 27. 27.
- maximum (ballistic. goal)
- - (n / d) 25 n / d
Maximum speed Zour, m / s
to 2000 to 2000 to 2100 to 2100
Target speed, m / s
1300 1300 1800 1800
- when shooting on target designation
- - to 2800 to 2800
Number of targets followed up to 12
Number of targets
to 6 to 6 to 6 to 36
The number of simultaneously induced missiles
to 12 to 12 to 12 to 72
Rate of fire, sec
5 3-5 3 3
Deployment / coagulation time, min.
to 90 to 90 5 / 5 5 / 5
Deep modernization was aimed at increasing the automation of combat operations, the possibility of hitting modern ballistic missiles at speeds of 2800 m / s, increasing the range of radars, replacing the element base and computers, improving the software of computers and missiles, reducing the number of pieces of basic equipment.
An important advantage of the C-300PM ZRS is the high adaptability of its funds to long-term combat duty.
C-300PM is capable of intercepting and destroying the most modern combat aircraft, strategic cruise missiles, tactical and operational-tactical ballistic missiles and other means of air attack throughout the entire range of their combat use, including under the influence of intense active and passive jamming, with almost one hundred percent probability. .
The C-300PM battery is included in (30Ts6E). To detect low-altitude targets, the battery can be equipped with an NVO 30H6, which has a high degree of protection from reflections of the earth's surface.
[/ Center]
With up to six battery-300PM (Air Defense Battalion) coordinated 83M6 manual controls (83M6E), consisting of a PBU 54K6 (54K6E) and SART targets at medium and high altitudes 64H6 (64N6E).
The fully automatic 64H6 SLLO provides the KP system with information on aerodynamic objectives for circular and ballistic purposes in a given sector, located at distances up to 300 km and flying at speeds up to 2,78 km / s.
The 54K6 PBU receives and summarizes information about the air situation from various sources, controls the firing means, receives control commands and information about the air situation from the air defense command center, assesses the degree of danger, performs target allocation for air defense missiles, gives target indications of targets intended for destruction, and also provides the stability of the combat operation of air defense systems in the conditions of electronic and fire counteraction.
The battery is capable of autonomous combat operations. Multifunctional on-load tap-changer 30Н6 provides search, detection, automatic tracking of targets, performs all operations related to the preparation and firing. At the same time, the battery can fire up to 6 targets of various types, for each of which a single launch or a volley of two missiles can be made. The rate of fire is 3 with.
In 1995-1997, after testing at the Kapustin Yar test site, a regular modernization of the system was carried out, which was named C-300PMU-2 “Favorite” (NATO code designation SA-10E Grumble). Russia showed it for the first time at the MAKS-97 exhibition, and for the first time, demonstration shooting abroad was held in Abu Dhabi at the IDEX-99 exhibition.
Rocket 48H6E and its scheme:
1. The radio direction finder (reticle) 2. Autopilot 3. 4 radio fuse. 5 radio control equipment. 6 power source. Safety mechanism 7. Warhead 8. 9 engine. Aerodynamic steering - aileron 10. Steering drive 11. The device disclosure steering aileron 12. Gas steering wheel aileron
The S-300PMU-2 “Favorit” air defense missile system is designed for highly efficient protection of the most important state and armed forces from massive strikes of modern and advanced aircraft, strategic cruise missiles, tactical and operational tactical missiles and other means of air attack. applications, including in difficult conditions REB.
Compared with C-300PMU-1 in the new system:
• the efficiency of hitting ballistic targets with the 48N6E2 missile has been increased with the provision of initiation (detonation) of the target warhead;
• increased efficiency of the system against aerodynamic targets, including low-observable targets at extremely low altitudes, in complex tactical and jamming conditions;
• the far boundary of the zone of destruction of aerodynamic targets has been increased to 200 km, including when firing in pursuit;
• the information characteristics of the CP of the 83M6E2 control systems for the detection and tracking of ballistic targets were expanded while maintaining the sector for detecting aerodynamic targets;
• the ability of PBU 54K6E2 to work with the S-300PMU-2, S-300PMU-1, S-300PMU and S-200VE (S-200DE presumably) systems in any combination thereof has been expanded;
• improved performance of the system in the conduct of autonomous combat operations through the use of a new generation of autonomous target designation - radar 96L6E;
• the integration of the S-300PMU-2 Favorit air defense system into various air defense systems, including those operating in NATO standards, was ensured;
• the possibility of using 48N6E missiles of the S-2PMU-48 system along with 6N300E1 missiles has been implemented.
Shooting at ground targets confirmed that each missile equipped with 36000 warheads of “ready” fragments can hit unprotected manpower and unarmored enemy targets in an area larger than 120000 square. m
According to foreign sources, at the time of the collapse on the territory of the USSR, there were about 3000 PU of various variants of C-300 AAMS. Currently, various modifications of the C-300 ZRS, besides the Russian army, are available in Ukraine, in the Republic of Belarus, and Kazakhstan.
In order to “save”, the leadership of the Russian Federation decided to replace the C-300П all-round air defense missile systems of other types. In the minds of the Russian philistine C-300P, is “a miracleweapons"Capable of solving all the tasks of covering the country's territory and destroying all enemy air targets.
However, in the mass media, there is practically no mention that most of the complexes launched during Soviet times almost exhausted their resources, the newest of them entered the Russian army in 1994, the element base was outdated, and new missiles were not produced for them.
The widely publicized C-400 ZRS, while still being received by the troops, in single copies, for 4 of the year, the 2 anti-aircraft missile battalion is on combat duty.
Another problem "chetyrehsotki" is the lack of knowledge of its arsenal. So far, from the entire diverse (theoretically) set, the C-400 has only a modified version of the 300 production rocket 48H6 - 48H6DM capable of hitting targets at a distance of 250 kilometers. Neither 9М96 medium-range pencils, nor the 40H6 heavy rocket with the 400-km range, have yet to be launched.
The situation is aggravated by the fact that, thanks to the fact that our leadership was betraying, the elements of the S-300P aerial read-off systems were supplied for “familiarization” in the USA. What made it possible for our "partners" to get acquainted with the characteristics in detail and to develop countermeasures. From the same "opera" delivery C-300P on about. Cyprus, as a result, they got access to Greece, which is a country member of NATO.
However, in Cyprus, due to the opposition of Turkey, they were never located, the Greeks relocated them to Fr. Crete.
Under pressure from the United States and especially Israel, our leadership broke the contract for the supply of C-300 to Iran. That, undoubtedly, dealt a blow to the reputation of the Russian Federation as a reliable business partner, and threatens big billions in losses in case of payment of a penalty.
Export deliveries of C-300 were also carried out to Vietnam and China. Recently information has been received on the supply of C-300P air defense systems to Syria, which of course can significantly hamper the actions of the US and Israeli aircraft and lead to significant losses.
In China, limited to the purchase of a small number, the C-300П ЗРС was successfully copied and created its own version under the designation HQ-9 (HongQi-9 with the Chinese Red Flag - 9, the export designation FD-2000).
HQ-9 was created by the China Academy of Defense Technology (China Defense Technology Academy). The development of its early prototypes began in the 80s of the last century and continued with varying success until the middle of the 90s. In 1993, China purchased from Russia a small batch of C-300 PMU-1 SAM systems. A number of design features and technical solutions of this complex were largely borrowed by Chinese engineers during the further design of the HQ-9.
At the end of the 1990-s, the People’s Liberation Army of China (PLA) adopted the HQ-9 air defense system. At the same time, work on improving the complex was continued using available information on the American Patriot complex and the Russian C-300 PMU-2.
Last in 2003, China purchased in the amount of 16 divisions. Currently in
The development is the HQ-9A air defense system, which should be more efficient, especially in the field of missile defense. To achieve significant improvements in the first place is planned by improving the electronic filling and software.
The sloping range of the complex is from 6 to 200 km., The altitude of the targets hit is from 500 to 30 000 meters. According to the manufacturer, the air defense system is able to intercept guided missiles in a radius from 1 to 18 km., Cruise missiles in a radius from 7 to 15 km. and tactical ballistic missiles in radius from 7 to 25 km. (in a number of sources 30 km). The time of bringing the complex to combat status from the march is 6 minutes, the reaction time is 12-15 seconds.
The first information about export versions of the air defense system appeared in 1998 year. Currently, the complex is actively promoted in the international market under the name FD-2000. In 2008, he took part in a tender for the purchase of long-range XKR in Turkey. According to a number of experts, FD-12 can be a significant competitor to Russian export versions of the C-2000P system.
With the help of technologies used in the ZRS X-NUMXP, a new Chinese HMS-300 medium-range air defense system was created.
The HQ-16A is equipped with six hot-start rockets. The complex can be used to create an air defense system at medium and high altitudes in conjunction with the HQ-9 complex, which, judging by the TV frames, receive information from the same radar with a PAR. In order to increase the capability of the complex to intercept low-flying targets, a special radar can be installed to detect targets in the “blind zone”.
The firing range of the HQ-16 is 25 km, the HQ-16A is 30 km.
The HQ-16 ADMS launcher looks very similar to the long-range C-300P and HQ-9 ADMS, which may most likely mean that Chinese designers hope to introduce a modular design into the HQ-9 and HQ-16 complexes in the future.
Thus, China is actively developing its air defense systems, and if our country does not take concrete steps, it has every chance in the future to reduce the backlog in this area.
Based on:
http://military-informer.narod.ru/pvo-S-300P.html
http://русская-сила.рф/guide/army/pv/s300p.shtml
http://topgun.rin.ru/cgi-bin/picture_e.pl?unit=2375&page=7
http://my.mail.ru/community/voina-mir-istori/tag/%C7%D0%CA%20%D1-300
Information