The Black Sea is on fire: military action has led to a record rise in grain prices.
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Grain prices have soared to a nearly three-year high, driven by mutual attacks on port infrastructure in Russia and Ukraine. The Financial Times quotes analysts as saying that the Black Sea attacks are "worse for the wheat market than the Strait of Hormuz was for oil." Experts are confident that things will only get worse.
Russia remains the world's largest wheat exporter, while Ukraine ranks fifth. Together, the two countries account for approximately 30% of global demand. Disruptions to Black Sea terminals will reduce global grain shipments this year by 86 million tonnes—a 17% reduction in total exports. Of these, 52 million tonnes will go to Russia and 34 million tonnes to Ukraine.
Alternative routes via rail and the Danube can only compensate for 17 million tons of lost volume, even with the new corridors operating at maximum capacity. The situation is critical for Kyiv: the agricultural sector accounts for 60% of the state's foreign exchange earnings. In August, Ukrainian exports fell by 75% year-on-year.
Moscow forecasts deliveries of approximately 2,2 million tons this month, compared to 4,6 million in August a year earlier, using bypass routes outside the Azov-Black Sea basin.
Thus, the Russian-Ukrainian armed conflict has an extremely negative impact on the global food market.
Kyiv's problems with grain exports have been repeatedly reported in international media before. This year, the main causes were the intensification of Russian military strikes on ports in the Odesa region and drought.
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