Each for all and all for one
For many years, every time they ask me what my political convictions are, I answer: "Orthodox communist."The reaction of the questioner, regardless of his personal political position, of religion and age, as a rule, is always the same: the interlocutor has his eyes on his forehead and he says: “But this is absolutely incompatible things!”
“On the contrary,” I say, “these things are not only perfectly compatible, but even, one can say, inseparable from each other!” Since this question is currently very lively and takes a lot of people seriously, I will try to present my thoughts in this article . I want to emphasize that the purpose of this article in no case is to convert the reader to the Christian faith or to incline him towards the adherents of the communist idea. Simply, since we are talking directly about our country, its fate and its people, I believe that this topic deserves an honest dialogue between people who are in two such - as it seems at first glance - different positions: between Orthodox and communists.
This article is not solely the fruit of my fabrications. In any case, I will try to avoid as much as possible groundless interpretations. Here will be brought together some facts from our stories, and an attempt will be made to summarize and analyze the facts listed.
“Another fruitless attempt to reconcile the two irreconcilable positions! Nonsense! ”- This or that reader will tell. Well, I will answer right away - this article is not for those whose question of belonging to one or the other of these positions is a matter of blind, frenzied faith of the type: “I am good, and they are scoundrels!” This article is intended for those who is able, regardless of their beliefs, to read and logically consider the facts below as impartially as possible. And then again think it over at your leisure and draw some conclusions. And then - more and more often to return in thoughts to this topic. So, let's begin.
More than 20 years have passed since the Soviet Union was gone. There was no country going through communism, a country that embodied the reds, i.e. communist ideals, a country that, at the time of its formation, adopted a nine hundred year old Christian heritage, a country that indicated the path that many countries of the world wanted to take. Twenty years is a long time. But, as before, mutual recriminations between representatives of the Orthodox Church and convinced, ardent communists do not subside. Still sharp as a blade, and not only the fundamental, basic theme of unity of views and actions on the path of joint struggle against the rapidly growing and coming evil, the topic of joint work for the benefit and development and strengthening of our country, Russia, but even the theme of any unification of efforts in any momentary situational union (for example, in actions against the introduction of juvenile justice in Russia).
Position of one of the parties:
Most information sources bearing the opinion of representatives of the Orthodox Church for more than 20 years have been pouring reproaches at the Soviet Union as an implacable persecutor and fighter of the Orthodox faith, as murderers of all saintly people, and of the Soviet era very often - as an era of cruelty and evil. Even on the main Russian Orthodox TV channel, Soyuz, does not even pass a day so that programs will not be broadcast, interspersed interviews are often quite young people about how terrible Soviet times were for all believers. It is clear that in Soviet times a lot of blows were inflicted on the church and on believers, especially in the initial period of the formation of the RSFSR and then the USSR. It is clear that these blows were heavy and cruel, and no one calls for plunging them into oblivion.
But why did a country in which before the revolution more 70% were Orthodox (and more than 80% of the population according to the census of 1897 were Christians) [1], became after the October revolution with such revival and frenzy to destroy the temples, to drop to the shouts of the crowd crosses with domes and bells with bell towers? After all, it is impossible to imagine, if you are guided by common sense, that everyone who, on the scale of our vast Motherland, destroyed and blew up churches, desecrated shrines, ridiculed and arrested priests, denounced and slandered them, were only Bolsheviks who carried out the direct order of the party, bosses! There are still preserved videos of how the people standing around exulted and helped the defilers. Masses of ordinary people across the country took part in these actions. Why? What kind of reasons led them to do it?
Here three factors seem to be important, which can explain a lot.
First, since the reforms of Peter I and, especially, throughout the nineteenth century, obedience [2], the emasculation and the descent of the faith occurred intensively in our country. This is evidenced by serious works and disputes between Slavophiles and Westernizers of the XIX century, as well as the works of our great writers: Gogol, Dostoevsky and others. The church itself in its earthly dimension - as a collection of believers of the laity and clergy - for a long time, steadfastly withstood the onslaught and resisted these temptations. Nevertheless, the departure of the institution of the church from the tradition bequeathed by Christ and the Holy Fathers towards the secular way of life, the dominance of the Western scholastic spirit seriously shaken the faith of every single believer, because a single person, like each of us, cannot stand alone due to human weaknesses temptations coming at him. And the same thing happened to Christian believers: their faith was emasculated, lost its sacredness, people concentrated on the problems of worldly life, forgetting about eternal life. The result was a process that had long gone then in the West - the formalization of faith, that is, Christians began to turn from true believers to nominal ones. [3]
Secondly, in tsarist pre-revolutionary times, illiteracy was widespread among the common people. The general literacy rate at the time of the census of the Russian Empire from 1897 was 21%. [4] Moreover, this was illiteracy not only in the form of inability to read and write: it was also reflected in the lack of understanding of many elementary Christian doctrinal foundations. Most of the workers and peasants did not have the opportunity to receive this education either in the worldly or in the church educational institutions. Hence the "legendization" and folklore in the ideas of the Orthodox faith. That is - a direct rollback to paganism. For example, the “dark country boy” of tsarist times was sure that a thunderstorm with thunder and lightning was the prophet Elijah, who was rumbling across the sky on his chariot and scattering fiery arrows on all evil. And when the same guy received even the slightest acceptable education in Bolshevik Russia, he immediately learned that thunder and lightning are natural phenomena of nature, not caused by the prophet Elijah, as he had before believed. Such knowledge has also become a serious blow to faith, because where there is doubt and distrust there is not far from disbelief.
And, thirdly, we can never forget the fact that the Russian Orthodox Church in the person of the Holy Synod renounced in February 1917 God anointed king and blessed the February bourgeois-democratic revolution. Even without giving any assessment of this fact, it is impossible to ignore it. Within a few days after the overthrow of the monarchy, the Holy Synod met under the chairmanship of the Kiev Metropolitan Vladimir.
The Holy Synod stated: “The Provisional Government in the person of its Ober-Prosecutor V.N. Lviv 4 March in a solemn open meeting of the Holy Synod announced the granting of full freedom to the Holy Orthodox Russian Church in Her government, retaining only the right to stop the decisions of the Holy Synod, which are politically undesirable in some respects to the law. The Holy Synod went in all directions to meet these promises, issued a reassuring message to the Orthodox people, and performed other acts necessary, according to the Government, to calm the minds [5]. Archbishop Arseny of Novgorod spoke about the great prospects before the Russian Church, which opened after “the revolution gave us (the Church) freedom from Tsesarepapism” [6]. Thus, in fact, the Synod recognized the coup d'état as valid and officially proclaimed the beginning of a new state life in Russia, and declared revolutionary events as the accomplished “will of God”. The church swore in the Provisional Government and blessed him [7].
For the common people, who preserved the age-old memory of the king on the throne as an anointed God - completely independent of the attitude of his (people) to the king - this event was a great shock, breaking in his mind: “it means if the anointed God can be quickly thrown off, and the revolution is blessed by the church, now everything is possible and everything is possible! ”But the analogy of the people's attitude to God's anointed and attitude to God is obvious, and the shock from February can be fully expressed by the words of Ivan Karamazov:“ If there is no God, then everything is allowed. ” .. We will not obsu wait for the policies and actions of the last king himself, this is a topic for a separate large study. But these events marked the beginning of a completely new era, both in the consciousness of the people and in their attitude to faith.
So, conflict and internal contradictions, both within the institution of the church and in the minds of the simple baptized people, matured long before the Great October Socialist Revolution. In this regard, the anti-religious policy of the Bolsheviks of the first wave in itself was not so much the root cause as the impetus that initiated an avalanche of persecutions against the church, which were attended by much of the simple baptized people. Moreover, it should be noted that Lenin, with all his personal dislike of Christianity, having accepted a country with a centuries-old Orthodox spiritual heritage, consciously did not abandon all the basic moral, value and spiritual foundations that had existed in Christian Russia for centuries. He considered it absolutely necessary to adopt most of them, making them Soviet values, abolishing or greatly reducing the institution of the church itself.
Yes, then it was very difficult times for the entire Orthodox Church, yes, there were persecutions and desecration of temples. In many ways, as a consequence of the internal contradictions that existed in Tsarist Russia, which was briefly mentioned above. Yes, the times of martyrdom and confession came. But in any way, under no circumstances should we forget or overshadow the fact that if there were no Red Project - the Soviet Union, there would be no Russia at all and, consequently, there would be no Russian Orthodox Church.
Now it is no secret to anyone that since the First World War, and especially during the Civil War, interventionists from different states "sharpened their teeth on Russia." This was accompanied by military operations on the territory of Russia, both of the troops of the countries of the Fourth Alliance and the troops of the countries of the Entente [8]. Those. in fact, the German Empire, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, the Kingdom of Bulgaria, Finland, Great Britain, France, the USA, Japan, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Italy, etc., of all 14 states fought for our territory. The goal of the intervention was not to help the White movement at all. The White Army was simply used for its own purposes by the Western elites. So, the “Franco-English Agreement”, concluded in Paris 23 December 1917, i.e. The agreement on the division of Russia into spheres of influence [9] was only one of the first steps in the division of the "Russian pie" between foreign powers [10]. Is it possible that in this political and military situation someone else may assume that the Western powers, by dividing Russia into a patchwork quilt of their colonies, would leave the Russian Orthodox Church untouched? It is enough to recall what the knight dogs, Polish invaders during the Time of Troubles, civilized Napoleonic armies, etc., have always done with the Orthodox people and with our shrines. The Orthodox Church would be one of the first to be put under the “ax” as an institution that forms the cultural core and crystallizes the ideological core of the Russian people, Russian society, and Russian statehood as such.
The example is not clear enough and there are many controversial issues? Let's take another example. There would be no Red Communist, Soviet project - there would be no our country, and there would be a "Lebensraum im Osten" - "living space in the East" - the Third Reich. According to Alfred Rosenberg’s Ost master plan, there would be burned fields and villages, bombed cities destroyed by 50-60% of Russians in the European part of the Soviet Union, 15-25% deported to the Urals, and 25% of Ukrainians and Belarusians killed [11] . And what would have remained in such a situation — already without Russia, already in the eastern lands of the Third Reich — with a majority of the population to be destroyed and a minority of under-superhumans [12] subject to “ariization” lost in the former USSR — a place for the Orthodox Church?
You will say: “But what about the“ Pskov mission ”?” I will answer: “But what about the exploded, barbarously destroyed and desecrated, turned into a garbage dump by the fascists one of the main Orthodox shrines - the New Jerusalem Monastery?”
Regardless of the attitude towards the Red Army and towards the Bolsheviks, it is necessary to recognize the fact that one of their main goals was to preserve the integral, strong, growing and developing state, which eventually was achieved for a long time. So, had it not been for our Red Victory, the red flag over the Reichstag - there would have been no Russia, there would have been no Orthodox Church.
Many leaders and church hierarchs on the merit appreciated this and openly expressed their attitude towards communism and the USSR in particular. For example, the well-known surgeon, Archbishop Luka Voyno-Yasenetsky (glorified among the saints), who, incidentally, was repeatedly arrested and exiled, wrote: “In the Great Revolution, in socialism and communism, the peoples of the USSR learned new principles of morality based on duty to the Motherland and the state, on the partnership in work and life, in mutual respect ... The destruction of the economic foundations of the evil of the social and the evil of the individual perpetrated by the revolution is immensely great. But just as great is the task of eradicating the sources of evil in the human heart, which is fulfilled by the Church of Christ according to the covenant of His Master and Head. The preaching of love and brotherhood should be a great addition to the preaching of duty and camaraderie. ”[13]. It is no coincidence that the two Patriarchs - Sergius (Stragorodsky) and Alexy I (Simansky) - did not hide their positive, grateful attitude towards the Soviet Union, its merits and personally to Stalin. Above all this is worth pondering.
Position of the other side:
From the side of a large number of left-wing, communist movements, simply fiery communists, adherents of the Red project, as well as people sincerely seeking to revive the Soviet Union, build anew the USSR 2.0, the criticism of Christianity as such and the Russian Orthodox Church in particular, does not subside. It is necessary to hear that the Christian religion is not only obscurantism, but also a way to fool people, forcing them to dutifully "dance to the tune" of the corrupt powerful people. The church is accused of being always an instrument of the state and serving only the selfish interests of the ruling class.
But if everything said hypothetically to be taken for truth, then many things become completely incomprehensible. In what way did the Russian people in all previous centuries, and especially in the 20th century, always display unparalleled valor, courage, bravery and, at the same time, mercy for the defeated enemy, which was not encountered, was not seen in similar situations in other nations of the world? Why did the Russian people, the Russian people every time during the period of grave wars, save not only themselves, but also, at the cost of their lives, the rest of the country and the people? Are such higher manifestations of the spirit possible in an environment where the church served only to fool people?
Thanks to centuries of Christian education, Christian principles of spiritual achievement and growth, absorbing the experience of the Fathers of the Church, teaching about peace, tolerance and love for neighbors (to people of different nationalities and religions), the people of our country created a great and glorious Fatherland - an empire that preserved its culture and science, its spirit and its self, despite the centuries-old opposition to invasions from the West and from the East. Collecting lands, uniting nations, opposing all sorts of lawlessness, holding back the spread of evil that exists in the world - this is the so-called “Russian miracle”. The people of our Motherland are a nation that has long shouldered the burden of the catechon state, the burden of holding [14], the burden of counterbalancing universal evil, the people leading a constant struggle against evil and regularly overcoming it, bringing peace and salvation to other countries. “The state is the means by which people continue and develop their historical mission. Only by understanding this historical mission to the end and bringing yourself back to the state where your Ideal can be subordinated to this historical mission, can you become a nation. But without a state, the Russian people cannot — and more so than any other ”[15]. We became such mainly due to the centuries-old Orthodox heritage. And this fact is recognized by both atheists and people of different faiths.
There are many examples of this. “Take, for example, our Russian sacred calendar: there’s about one half among men — the monks of all ranks, from simple monks to bishops, and the other half — warriors. What is this - an accident? The question, I think, is rhetorical. It is not for nothing that the most glorious people in the history of Russia and in the history of other states have always been the military, that is, those who were the first to give their lives for the people and the Fatherland ”[16].
In Russia, Orthodox monasteries were trained in military affairs. During the raids of nomads temples turned into fortresses. And the monks themselves defended them. In a decisive battle with the Mongol-Tatars, Prince Dmitry Donskoy went with the blessing of St.. St. Sergius of Radonezh, who gave him both for the battle and for maintaining the Orthodox spirit in the army of two monks, valiant warriors: Peresvet and Oslyabyu. What the Kulikovo battle has become not only for Russia, but for all the territories not yet conquered by the Tatars, is known to all. Sergius of Radonezh founded many monasteries in Russia, which served not only to preserve the spiritual and cultural values of the people, but also taught to protect these values and shrines. Those. The monks were taught to fight for the Motherland, and they themselves went, putting on the soldier's vestments, to fight and die for the Motherland, if it was necessary.
During the Time of Troubles and the establishment of the Polish authorities in Russia, it was the monks of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra who withstood the 16 month-long siege of the Polish-Lithuanian invaders, withstanding the shelling of the fortress and digging, scurvy, hunger and cold. Those who were besieged, conducting active defense, conducting skillful artillery fire, not only successfully repelled the storming of the fortress, but also made frequent sorties themselves, causing great damage to the enemy. They showed the whole country an example of resilience and unshakable faith and laid the foundation for the spiritual consolidation of the people, and also diverted significant forces of False Dmitry II from Moscow, which prevented the “Tushins” from seizing the Russian capital [17].
When the Russian army defeated Napoleon and victoriously liberated Europe, the population of France awaited with horror what the “civilized” Europeans did in Russia: arson, looting, violence, desecration of monasteries and temples, murders. Imagine their surprise when the soldiers of the Russian army, after serious battles, behaved in France like modest innocent young men invited to walk and lunch [18]. No robbery, violence, desecration of shrines. Is this not a legacy of Christianity?
But what about Soviet soldiers, sailors, officers who lay down on the loophole of the firing machine gun or sent their planes, Tanks and ships to ram? Orthodox priests fought in the same trench with atheists, received military orders and awards, remembering the instruction of St. Filaret of Moscow (Drozdov): “Abhor the enemies of God, slay the enemies of the fatherland, love your enemies” [19]. The Communists attacked the fainted fighters, the first to go into battle under a hail of bullets and shells, repelled the Nazi onslaught to the last bullet, and when the bullets ran out, they blew up themselves and the enemy. I dare to assume that it was on the battlefields of the Great Patriotic War that the final reconciliation of the majority of the fighting believing part of the people of the former Russian Empire, of the very recent peasants who stood with their parents at the liturgies, with the very Bolsheviks, a large part of whom led before the war, took place. active anti-religious activity, which before their very eyes destroyed their own village churches, took the priest to no one knew where, mocked the faith of their parents. And now, these communists, using their only right and privilege [20], were the first to go into battle, the first to die in front of their believing comrades and subordinates. Hundreds and thousands of Gastello and Alexandros sailors, being mostly atheists, communists, truly, in a Christian way sacrificed for their neighbors the most important thing that they had - their life. “There is no longer that love, as if someone would lay down his soul for his friends.” (John 15:13) [21].
Read the Moral Code of the Builder of Communism. You do not have any analogies with the Christian foundations, dear brothers and sisters? And you, dear comrades, do you have any analogies when you see such lines: “Take care not of yourself, but of others” (Phil.2: 4); “He who does not want to work does not eat” (2Fes.3: 10); “Love one another” (John 15: 12); “All you brothers” (Mf.23: 8)?
Therefore, it was in Russia, and not in any other country in the world, that the Red Communist project was implemented, in which the resistance and courage of the Bolsheviks were combined with concern for the humiliated and the offended. The project, which not only kept the empire crumbling to pieces and threw interventionists and invaders of all stripes out, but was able to build a great power that was the only country that could defeat the source of absolute evil - fascism - and freed the entire world from the brown plague, launched a man into space and gave the world great discoveries, became a guiding star to other countries of the world and has reached many, many more. The Bolsheviks received the legacy of more than nine hundred years of Orthodox education of Russia, which formed its cultural core, and, despite all the reforms and processes of emasculation of the faith since Peter's time, our people carried the Christian basis of life and world outlook on the subconscious, on the spiritual, at the genetic level. In no other country has the Red project of this kind failed: it failed miserably in Western countries and was reborn as something different in China.
What is the very concept of "Red Project"? “A red global project is an idea that appeared in the 18th century and aimed at combining the Biblical value system (i.e., restoring the value system destroyed by the Reformation and the Capitalist global project) with the idea of scientific and technical progress The seventeenth century was developed using lending rates ”[22]. Thanks to the Red project, our Homeland received a completely new, unknown to Tsarist Russia and the whole of the West, the movement vector, saving the world of modernity that was rapidly collapsing as a result of the establishment of the capitalist social system.
So what happens - Christianity and the Soviet Red Project are inseparable from each other? A ready answer here will be superfluous: let everyone make his own conclusion himself.
And what follows from this? And only that it is not at all important: how much Orthodox Christians and communists love or dislike each other. The main thing is that, as before, they will have to fight side by side not only against the physical, but also against the metaphysical enemy who purposefully drives our country and the world as a whole into archaic. And after that, we will have to restore our Homeland, robbed and broken, sucked and trampled by our own and Western elites, together.
Where to start? The task is really not simple, but what Russian retreated in the face of difficulties ?! The country is alive, it still breathes, no matter what. We can do the impossible. For a new round of history, we need a "new man." Do not rush to conclusions - we are not talking about any Martians, nanorobots and cloned performers.
What is the "new man"? This is a person who connects the moral code of Orthodox Christians and the moral code of builders of communism (attention: I do not want and do not try to turn the conversation to the Christian path!). So - incredible, but quite feasible. The first Christians, the inhabitants of the catacombs, had confidence: “I know whom I believed” (2 Tim. 1: 12) - this is the main and primary grain, impulse of the “New Man” life. It is adequate to today's reality. A person can and should be ready to die for what he believed, for the sake of his knowledge, his faith and his love. There are more than enough examples in the entire 1000-year history of our country. For example, Alexander Nevsky. Destructive ideas, incompatible with the Russian spirit, the spirit of Russian statehood, the Russian faith, were carried by knightly dogs. And people - not only Alexander Nevsky, but also simple people in his army - understood that it was not the stomachs ripped up by the Mongol-Tatars, but these ideas from the West are terrible. And they made the right choice.
The people accomplished the Great October Socialist Revolution (they grabbed the falling power) only because they had a stronger “ridge”. Whatever opinion the reader might hold about the Bolsheviks, they were ready to sacrifice their lives for the sake of an idea. These were the "New People".
Next - the Great Patriotic War. Brest Fortress, Sevastopol, Stalingrad, Leningrad. The best people died. They died first and fertilized with their deaths the ground for victories, laid bones, so to speak, the road to the cosmodrome and thus provided all the possibilities for the emergence of subsequent generations of "New People."
After the war - the race of the nuclear project, the race for space. People did not spare themselves. Interviews and stories of each designer, regardless of the specific field in which he worked (see, for example, the cycle of documentaries "Impact force"), show us these same "New People". Peer closely at faces, especially - in the eyes of these people! These people worked day and night, were undernourished, did not sleep, creating such a state that defended everyone. Including those dissidents who are falling apart their own country. Protected against being bombed and not hung on the pillars "democratic" uncle from the West. That's what New People is.
What to do?
To save humanity of Russia is not the first time. What I want to say is: we have such a value that we can share with the whole world in order to save the whole world and every person in it (everyone can understand the word “escape” differently, because it has many meanings).
The Western route is as follows: Democratization at any cost! Democratization - there is a desire for violent political and social changes aimed at establishing Western values in a historically established society and, along the way, economic advantages for a democratizing power (united by the United States of the West). They impose their values-on-export, it should be noted only in the case when they have a minimum 6-10 -fold superiority in forces. That is, the goal of the West is to impose the predominance of material values over spiritual values and, at the same time, to seize other people's wealth. To put it more simply, eat, say, drink, have fun, my soul, but for now we will master your natural resources, and with them human resources ... For example, donor organs are in great demand in the market for the rich ...
Is this the way Russia has been going for the last thousand years? Is this our way? So what is it - the path of Russia? The messianic idea for Russia is not something new. Unlike other countries, Russia followed its messianic principles until the first man’s flight into space - both in wars and in the discovery of development paths for the world. And at the moment, no one agitates! We are looking for the meanings that have moved our society over the centuries and that could help us manage to build a starship on the deck of the Titanic that goes under the water.
The newest history is the Soviet Red project. With all of his apparent and declared materialism, with all the controversial, extremely one-sided solution of the main issue of philosophy, the ideal, as well as messianism, was the very core that allowed people to industrialize 10 for years, to defeat the strongest of enemies - united Europe by Fascist Germany in just 4 of the year. It is not a secret to the facts that the people of our country, for example, worked with joy in order to support our friendly countries.
So what happens? There is a comprehensive paradox - the official Soviet ideology proclaims materialism (the primacy of matter before consciousness), and in practice, during the heyday and take-off of the Soviet project, pure idealism reigns in the minds of the very "New People". And, as soon as materialism really penetrated the hearts of the people, they chose jeans and sausage, dollars and boomers. People abandoned ideals and desired capitalism.
It turns out that this is the core that permeates the entire thousand-year history of our country: idealism (manifested, among other things, among the most pragmatic kings and dictators). The combination of idealism and a creative constructive approach for the indispensable realization of their ideas, and not just lofty dreams of lifeless doers who make nothing. The desire to bring their creations to people and share the joy of creation. As M. Gorky said: “The best pleasure, the highest joy of life is to feel necessary and close to people!”, And also - “If you are not for yourself, then who is for you? But if you are only for yourself - why are you? ”[23]
Do you want to change the world? Start with yourself. Dare yourself and change the world around you! Don't be late, it may be too late tomorrow! [24]
9th of December 2012
[1] R.I. Sifman "Dynamics of Russia's Population in 1897-1914's." //
http://demoscope.ru/weekly/knigi/polka/gold_fund05...
and here: http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/The census of the Russian_Imperia_ (1897)
[2] Christian reconciliation is the process of reorienting the church to solve the problems of worldly life, which is opposed to the highly spiritual and sacred tasks of saving eternal life. // http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limic
[3] Unfamiliar Orthodoxy. Missionary Department of the Moscow Diocese. About the national idea. // http://www.missionary.su/mistakes/1.htm
[4] The overall literacy rate at the time of the census of the Russian Empire in 1897 was 21%, and among men it was significantly higher than among women (29% and 13%, respectively). Kahan Arcadius. Russian economic history: the nineteenth century "University of Chicago Press". 1989.S. 171. // http://books.google.at/books?id=lpIFmw6d_acC&lpg=PA186&dq=literacy+Rates+Russia&pg=PA186&redir_esc=y#v=snippet&q=literacy%2021%2C1&f=false
[5] M.A. Babkin. Russian clergy and the overthrow of the monarchy in 1917 year. Materials and archival documents on the history of the Russian Orthodox Church. Indrik Publisher, 2006 // http://3rm.info/7922-sinod-blagoslovil-sverzhenie-carya.html
[6] ibid.
[7] ibid
[8] The Great Russian Encyclopedia. Tom 7. pg. 591 — 598. Moscow. Scientific publishing house "Big Russian Encyclopedia". 2007 d. ISBN 978-5-85270-337-8, 5-85270-320-6
[9] Convention between France and England on the subject of activity in Southern Russia // http://books.google.at/books?id=uwi9dqQ-L80C&pg=PA94&dq=december+23,+1917&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q = december% 2023% 2C% 201917 & f = false
[10] See, for example, one of the plans to resolve the "Russian question" in an excerpt from the materials of the main command of the Entente armies about organizing intervention in Russia from February 17 1919 // http://www.diphis.ru/iz_materialoaaNNXX .html
[11] The Times Atlas Zweiter Weltkrieg. Augsburg 1999. S. 91;
H. Holborn, Deutsche Geschichte id Neuzeit. Band III. München 1971, S. 604;
Hans Ulrich Rudolf / Vadim Oswalt (Hrsg.), Haack Taschen Atlas Weltgeschichte, Gotha 2002, S. 186 and R. Giordano, Wenn Hitler den Krieg gewonnen hätte, Köln 2000.
[12] According to Rosenberg, a population with Aryan blood lived in Belarus, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, which was subject to full Germanization for two generations. // http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Dist."
[13] M. Popovsky. Life and Life of Voino-Yasenetsky, Archbishop and Surgeon. // http://www.litmir.net/br/?b=68576&
[14] Restraining, or Catechon - a Christian mystical concept associated with opposition to the action of the mystery of lawlessness, first used by the anp. Paul (2 Sol. 2: 1-4, 6-8). Holding here is the head of the greatest state, which at that time was the Roman Empire. The Russian Orthodox Church rightfully relates these words of St. Apostle to the Russian Tsar, the heir of the Orthodox Christian emperors of Rome and Byzantium, the head of the Third Rome - the Orthodox Autocratic Kingdom. Encyclopedia "Russian civilization" // http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/russian_history/11618/ HOLDING
[15] S.E. Kurginyan. "The essence of time - 6" // http://www.kurginyan.ru/publ.shtml?cmd=add&cat=4&id=91
[16] Prof. A.I. Osipov. Peace and sword: an Orthodox view // http://pravbeseda.ru/library/index.php?page=book&id=222
[17] Trinity siege. // http://www.hrono.ru/sobyt/1600sob/1608troic.html
[18] Pavel Pushchina Diary. 1812-1814 // http://www.museum.ru/1812/library/Puschin/puschin.txt
[19] Svt. Filaret. Words and Speeches, Volume I. Ch. Xl. 4. WORD a week 19 on Fridaysday. // http://www.stsl.ru/lib/book11/chap40.htm
[20] "A communist has no other privileges besides the privilege of being ahead." - From the circular letter of the Central Committee of the RCP (b) "Our work in the Red Army" (14 July 1919): "The only privilege of a communist is the privilege to be always in the most dangerous, most responsible place." A later quotation from Brezhnev: “A communist has no special rights, except one - to be ahead, to be where it is more difficult” (report “50 years of great victories of socialism”, Nov. 3. 1967). K.V. Dushenko. Dictionary of modern quotes. M .: Eksmo, 2006. Page 583 // http://books.google.at
[21] "... I sow more love than anyone, but whoever puts his soul for his friends". The Holy Gospel of John, chapter 15 verse 13 // http://bibleonline.ru/bible/csl/43/15/
[22] M.L.Hazin, "USSR and the" Red "project" // http://worldcrisis.ru/crisis/1002932
[23] Maxim Gorky. About the Jews. 1919. // http://az.lib.ru/g/gorxkij_m/text_0290.shtml
[24] A self-race from the series of articles by the project of A.V. Sidenko "20 years of unconditional surrender (2011)" // http://rugraz.net/index.php/ru/vom-redaktor/738-20-let-bezogovorochnoj- kapituljacii-2011
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