Migration Code of Russia: a new dummy or a real trap for illegal immigrants?
The thing is that for all the years of the existence of the Russian Federation, the migration problem in the country is overdue and overripe in some places. However, for all the same years of the state’s existence, lawmakers have failed to create a full-fledged system document that would allow to effectively regulate migration processes. Representatives of the State Duma declare that we have hundreds of separate documents that to one degree or another relate to the migration situation in the country, but these documents often contradict each other. This kind of contradiction leads to the fact that migration control is not debugged, and this in turn becomes the cause of the unregulated entry and exit of foreign citizens in Russia (from Russia), the movement of Russians themselves in their own country. Hence, the aggravation of economic and demographic problems, the increase in the number of crimes committed by migrants, dumping in the labor market, and much more.
Obviously, if the Migration Code will appear in our country in the near future and at the same time will be a truly effective instrument of migration control, then for Russia this will be a clear blessing. After all, if you do not notice the migration problems and pretend that everything is in order in this regard, then uncontrolled migration can become a real threat not only for the country's economy, but also for security (in all senses of the word) of Russian citizens. It is noteworthy that if the Migration Code appears in Russia, and the deputy Zhuravlev speaks about the 1,5-2 years required for its development, this will be the first document in which the definition of the word “migrant” will appear. Surprisingly, so far this concept is not defined by Russian legislation in any way, as are such concepts as “migration”, “migration relations” and even “indigenous people”. If we start from what is in the Russian legislation today, it turns out that even the use of the term “illegal labor migrant” in Russia is inappropriate, as lawmakers do not provide a legal explanation for this concept. It turns out illegal, sort of, and not at all. A strange legal incident - you will not say anything ...
In fact, illegal migrants are not just there in Russia (as we all understand perfectly well), but in the millions in our country, they are calculated. At the same time, no competent authority can accurately state the number of illegal labor migrants in Russia. The reason is that these same migrants stay in Russia, but at the same time do not bother with registration procedures, payment of patents and work permits. There are only approximate data, according to which the total number of labor migrants on average in Russia is more than 10,5 million people (this figure most often flashes in reports of various accounting agencies, as well as in various media). The figures do not claim absolute accuracy, but at least they allow us to understand the scale of labor immigration in our country — the number of people who arrived in Russia for work from foreign countries.
At the same time, according to data from the FMS, 2,6 has received official work permits in the Russian Federation by millions of foreign citizens. This number appeared after the Office analyzed cash receipts for issuing patents for domestic work. It turned out that labor migrants who arrived in our country from abroad, brought the budget of the state 32,8 a billion rubles in the year 2012. It would seem a considerable amount. But ... Considering how many labor migrants who didn’t want to get any patents and permits, but decided to work illegally at their own peril and risk, didn’t bring revenues to the state treasury, then the unpleasant picture emerges: 2,6 million migrant workers - 32,8 revenue of billion rubles, about 7,5 million migrant workers - the budget lost income of about 95 billion rubles. This is comparable to the budget, for example, the entire Nizhny Novgorod region with its 3,3-million population. And this, if we start only with the number of millions of labor migrants in 10,5, which were voiced earlier, and how many are they in real, shall we say, calculus? ...
It turns out that the Russian treasury acquired from labor immigration, at best, only a quarter of what it could have acquired - and this is only for issuing patents for legal labor activities to foreign nationals arriving in the country.
If you believe the representatives of the State Duma, then to combat illegal migration, the FMS staff will be able to quickly move illegal immigrants to places of mass use of labor. Now (and this looks just paradoxical), representatives of the FMS, it turns out, should warn the employer that they are going to check him for the presence of illegal workers from foreign countries as workers. Moreover, the FMS should inform about such verification in a few days. A sort of option: hide all of our illegal immigrants from us - we’ll stop by to see you at the end of the week and if we find them - don’t be offended ... As they say in the FMS: who hasn’t hid, we’re not to blame ...
In general, the general picture is as follows: not a single department of Russia, even the one that is supposed to control migration flows, can not tell the exact number of labor migrants in our country, can not give an accurate assessment of what losses are due to illegal labor migration is borne by the state treasury, and what percentage of crimes in Russia is committed by labor migrants. Hopefully, the development of the Migration Code will help the same departments to more or less accurately figure out the figures, if, of course, they (the representatives of the departments) have such interest.
By the way, discussing the topic of possible adoption in Russia of the Migration Code, it is necessary to note the position of Dmitry Medvedev on the fact of attracting foreign citizens to our country to perform certain jobs. The Prime Minister said the following:
At the same time, the head of the Russian Cabinet of Ministers said that we (ordinary citizens) often underestimate the legislation of Russia, thanks to which high-class specialists can come to our country, for example, from Germany or the Netherlands.
The fact that Dmitry Anatolyevich swept the streets at one time is, of course, commendable. As students, most self-respecting citizens of our country tried to find any job in order to have at least some pocket money. But it’s hard to agree with the words of the Prime Minister that “we no longer want to work.” In this case, Dmitry Anatolyevich would not be worth collecting the oligarchs, officials, heads of various companies with state capital and members of their families, who are really used to working exclusively for them, and most ordinary Russians, into one heap. In order to see that Russians (in particular, Russians) want to work and work in a wide variety of specialties and with a variety of remuneration options, it’s enough just to walk around the country - walk along the streets of provincial cities, look at the production, talk, what is called, without cameras and spotlights with ordinary laborers.
At the same time, what is called the need to attract, let's say, low-ranking positions of labor immigrants to Russia, in fact looks more like banal dumping. Simply put, it is often artificially created all the conditions for the representative of the indigenous population to refuse to work: additional workloads, cuts in wages, reduced holidays and much more. And after that, you can already say that the Russians are completely lazy - you see, they don’t want to work as janitors ... So the question is solved easily: in order for indigenous people to show enthusiasm for even the most prestigious work in large quantities, it’s not necessary to “write out” guest workers to millions and then try to catch them in order to take an exam on the knowledge of the Russian language and sell them a work permit, and use the same funds to open and develop jobs for the Russians themselves. After all, it is much easier to raise the salary of the same janitor with a Russian passport than, excuse me, trying to find money in order to take into account and equip “labor reserves” from abroad, which may be willing to wave the brooms. And maybe they will not express ...
At the same time, the examples that Dmitry Medvedev cited (about Holland and Germany), to put it mildly, do not exactly reflect the reality in terms of the “emission centers” of labor migrants arriving in our country. Undoubtedly, highly professional and educated personnel from abroad the Russian economy could be useful, but ...
You must admit that there is hardly a city in Russia in which labor migrants, for example, from Germany, would block car traffic in the mass prayer right on the street. It is unlikely that “guest workers from Rotterdam” arrange “wall to wall” somewhere in Russia with “guest workers from Frankfurt am Main”. And at the stations of the Moscow metro "hot" guys from somewhere in Eindhoven hardly scoff at Russian girls ...
And if so, then why are we trying to offer clearly substituted concepts. What are the Germans, what are the Dutch, and most importantly, how many are there? .. Within the limits of statistical error ...
Apparently, as long as our Government attracts labor migrants to Russia (indiscriminately) as a conscious need, shutting its eyes to crime and dumping of the labor market, the Migration Code as a migration regulator will have little chance ...
Therefore, it remains to wait for the first results of the work of the working group: will the Migration Code become just another legislative void, or will it be thanks to it that the real order in the migration sphere will improve.
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