Researchers have not found close ties between the Golden Horde elite and modern Kazakhs.

An excerpt from a large-scale study of remains from burial mounds (kurgans) of the Golden Horde was recently published in specialized Western literature. The work was conducted in Kazakhstan by a team of specialists led by Aiken Askapuli of the University of Wisconsin (USA).

Research was conducted on the genomes of the remains of four representatives of the highest nobility of the Golden Horde, part of whose territory included the lands of the modern Republic of Kazakhstan.

The research focused primarily on paternal lineages, based on Y chromosomes. One of the goals of this study was to identify which modern human populations (communities, nationalities) could be attributed to the descendants of the Golden Horde elite.

Aiken Askapuli:

The Golden Horde was the northwestern "extension" of the Mongol Empire. The Horde spoke primarily the Kipchak (Kipchak) language and belonged to the Turkic group. The Golden Horde's territory stretched from the Irtysh River in the east to the Pontic-Caspian steppe in the west. To study the remains, we conducted work in mausoleums in Ulytau, central Kazakhstan. One of the burials, according to Kazakhs today, belongs to Jochi, the eldest son of Genghis Khan.

Also examined were female remains belonging “according to the chronicles” to Bolgan Ane, male remains from the burial of Alash Khan, as well as from the Ayakkamir tomb (“Lower Tomb”).

Askapuli states that, based on a range of analyses, it was possible to establish that the remains in the burials belong to individuals with family ties.

Research team representatives:

We first analyzed the genomes of these individuals in comparison with modern human populations from Asia and Europe. We found that these individuals from the Golden Horde were closer to populations in Siberia and Northeast Asia. These populations are relatively isolated. We did not find a similar close relationship between the individuals from the burials and modern Kazakhs based on their biodata. We were unable to find a single Kazakh individual from modern Kazakhstan who was closely related to these Golden Horde individuals based on their genomic profiles.

The study established that the inhabitants of the Golden Horde trace their genomic origins to ancient inhabitants of northeast Asia, including those living in the Amur River basin, approximately 5-6 BC. The so-called second ("new") population of the Golden Horde is related to the Scythian population.

Askapuli:

In any case, the inhabitants of the Golden Horde are closer in their genomic profile to the peoples of Siberia.

It is noted that the group cannot extend this statement to the entire Mongol Empire, but is inclined to speak quite definitively with regard to the elite of the Golden Horde.

Comments

[WILL]

We could not find a single Kazakh individual from modern Kazakhstan who was closely related to these Golden Horde representatives based on their genomic profiles.

Askapuli, you're just a dunce - you haven't read the history textbooks of modern Kazakhstan! It's all written there, they won't lie - they swear on their mothers!

[nepunamemuk]

whose mother?
Bolgan Ane?
🤣

[Krasnoyarsk]

Quote: ANIMAL

Askapuli, you're just a dunce.

No, Askapuli had everything right, but... Moscow's omnipresent hand infiltrated and substituted the research results, thereby shortening the hundred-thousand-year history of the Kazakhs, who gave the world... a longer list of achievements that is difficult to reproduce due to lack of space and fear of receiving a warning for an overly long comment.

[bars042]

Kazakhs ... stretched from the Irtysh River in the east to Pontic ...steppes in the west

That is, they "came into contact" with the ancient Ukrainians.

The Kazakhs built Baikonur !!

[Irek]

So, the Kazakhs are the founders of all humanity, if you read their public pages, they took this "honorable" title away from the Khaklyks.

[Sergey3]

And they probably dug out the same sea?

[Furious bambr]

No. They buried the Aral Sea.

[bayard]

Anyone who wants to see what a real Chingizid looked like - a direct descendant of Chingiz Khan and Batu - should look at the lifetime portrait of Denis Ivanovich Davydov, and read his poem "My ancestor Chingiz Khan of blessed memory."
And the Kara-Kirghiz, who for some reason began to be called "Kazakhs," are simply migrants and refugees from the massacre of the Chinese by the Dzungars in East Turkestan. They were allowed into Russia (now the Empire) and allowed to herd sheep. And look how it is – they managed to become the heirs of Genghis Khan. Not only do they live on foreign lands, but they also imagine themselves to be members of the Horde. Apparently they've become believers in the Hollywood fairy tale "Nomad."
These are the lands of Great Scythia. And the Scythians are us. Russians. And those who were Horde (army soldiers), they later began to be called Cossacks (not "Kazakhs", damn it). These are the lands of the Great Ural and Semirechye Host. If you don't believe that we are the Scythians, look at the Golden Pectoral of the Scythian king; everyone has seen it, but not everyone understood it. You need to look at the men. At bearded Russian men. And try to prove that these are Chinese, pardon me - Kazakhs. And genetics has proven it - Klyosov, the founder of DNA genealogy. So there is no need to covet our Genghis Khan, he was actually a redhead, and his wife Berke was a blonde. You need to listen to and read less about the Germans, and look more at your own Genghisids. Denis Ivanovich was such a dashing hussar. Just look at the Ural and Siberian Cossacks – there they are – the great Mughals! Not Mongol, but Moghul – the word means "steppe giants." Or, in other words, "strong/mighty lands." Because "gol" means "land," and the word "mighty" in Russian comes from the word "mogi."

And yes, they did bury the Aral Sea. Now they're demanding that Russia divert Siberian rivers into it for FREE.

[RUSICH]

Quote: bayard

bayard
+2

I enjoyed reading your post.

[Guriev]

.... I agree, I agree with every word of the POST...

[Vitaly.17]

Quote: Irek

founders of all mankind

So far, Kazakh scientists have only reported on the French.

[expert]

I think we need to dig further.
The Ukrainians got to the bottom of the "great Ukrainians".

[Vasyan1971]

Quote: Fachmann

I think we need to dig further.
The Ukrainians got to the bottom of the "great Ukrainians".

And at the same time it will become clear who dug up the Caspian Sea.

[Hoc vince]

Well, if the Kazakhs are ready for their country to cease to exist, like Ukraine, then everything is correct.
They founded Moscow (Khan Moskal), saved the capital of Russia from Napoleon's troops in 1812, dug up the Aral Sea, filled Medeo with buckets of water, and all the rest...
Kazakhs really want to learn from their mistakes.

[topol717]

The study established that the inhabitants of the Golden Horde traced their genomic origins back to the ancient inhabitants of northeast Asia, including the inhabitants of the territory in the Amur River basin, approximately from the 5th to 6th millennium BC.

I don't know how they got the genome, because they can't even resurrect a mammoth because there's no genome. It didn't even survive in permafrost. And here it's only been in the ground for 900 years. And most importantly, what does 5-6 years BC even mean? Don't they know when the Golden Horde existed?

[Vasyan1971]

Quote from: topol717

I don’t know how they got the Genome, since they can’t even resurrect the same mammoth because there is no genome.

"Resurrecting" is one thing, "establishing kinship" is another. Resurrecting even your grandmother, for example, is impossible, but proving kinship (for example, for an inheritance lawsuit) is easier.

[novel66]

Was there one? The genomes aren't the same.

[Andobor]

Quote from: topol717

The main events of 5-6 thousand years BC in the Amur region

This is the common ancestral home of the Turks, Mongols and Manchus.

[Ross]

And the Huns. And they were Caucasian, like the Dinlings and others before them. And in Kazakhstan, no Mongoloid genes were found in burials before the 10th century, just as in Sogdiana (present-day Uzbekistan). Timur was white.

[Mountain shooter]

And the Kazakhs are puffing out their cheeks! They're all descendants of Genghis Khan... How can they live with that? Declare genetics a pseudoscience and continue rewriting history...

[Vasyan1971]

Quote: Mountain Shooter

And the Kazakhs are puffing out their cheeks!

And they squint, meaningfully...

[former soldier]

And the Kazakhs are puffing out their cheeks! They're all descendants of Genghis Khan... How can they live with this?

What about Turkish Pasha Erdogan? Scientists must have dug too deep to find any traces of his genome in the depths of time. It turns out he's a nobody. and he has no rights to create a Great Turan from ocean to ocean. he doesn’t.

[Vasyan1971]

We could not find a single Kazakh individual from modern Kazakhstan who was closely related to these Golden Horde representatives based on their genomic profiles.

How do you say "ZRADA" in Kazakh?

[abrakadabre]

Quote: Vasyan1971

How do you say "ZRADA" in Kazakh?

опасыздық - even Google Translate knows this

[Vasyan1971]

Quote: abrakadabre

опасыздық - even Google Translate knows this

"Dangerous zdyk"? Sounds harsh...

[abrakadabre]

Quote: Vasyan1971

Quote: abrakadabre

опасыздық - even Google Translate knows this

"Dangerous zdyk"? Sounds harsh...

Well, well! The very concept of "betrayal" simply can't be anything but harsh. This is absolutely mind-blowing! Aaaaaay!...

[Was mammoth]

Strong! And what about the Chingizids? On the maternal side?

[Carib]

Yes, unexpected. And the Kazakh cognac, Chin Gis Khan, is delicious. Apparently, a group of clans migrated from the Amur River to the lands of Kazakhstan. Perhaps they fled the Chinese, Chukchi, or Tuvans for free lands. But why didn't they leave any descendants? Or perhaps the ancestors of the Kazakhs, after the horde, slaughtered all competitors and suspicious individuals.

[alexoff]

I heard a story that the Kazakhs begged to join Russia because the Dzungars, the descendants of the Chingizids, were simply eating them up. Then the Chinese literally wiped out the Dzungars. Apparently, somewhere along the line, the population of Mongol descendants dwindled.

[KTO-TO 0.]

The Dzungars ruled China, but then something went wrong and they were driven to the Oirat Gate. This is how the Kalmaks, which translates as "separated" people, emerged.

[alexoff]

Almost all of them were cut out in the mid-18th century.

[abrakadabre]

I heard a story that the Kazakhs asked to join Russia because their descendants of the Chingizids, in the person of the Dzungars, were simply eating them away.

The Chingizids' problem was gradual fragmentation. While initially, 5-10 Chingizids at the top of the steppe power pyramid were each capable of gathering 2-3 tumens, and with any kind of alliance, the united army grew accordingly, by the 17th century, there were over two thousand Chingizids, purebred and legitimate, who could lay claim to supreme power in the steppe. Two thousand, Karl! As a result, each had, on average, a couple of hundred fighters at his disposal, and a couple of dozen experienced warriors at best.

So, when the disciplined, well-coordinated Oirat army, in the best traditions of the great steppe empire, advanced against them, this entire motley crew became mere grass under the hooves of the heavy armored cavalry. Which, by the way, was already skilled in firearms. The Oirats were truly an army, not a mere host. That is, they had centralized supplies, discipline, regulations, and regular training on the scale of large military units, not just individual detachments.

The Kazakhs barely managed to fight back only when they united. Even then, this coalition was motley, relatively weak, and wouldn't have lasted long. They were saved for the long haul only by the Oirats' internal squabbles over power.

It's telling that after the complete collapse of the Oirat Empire and the Chinese genocide of the Oirat people, the organized remnants of one of the contenders for power, numbering approximately 4-5 tumens (40-50 thousand fighters) and their families, fought their way through Kazakhstan like a knife through butter to the Volga region. Afterward, they accepted Russian citizenship and are now known to us as Kalmyks. And the Kazakhs were unable to counter them. Because the coalition was unable to reunite. Despite their hatred of the Dzungars, they couldn't even eat.

The Oirats didn't quite have enough time to stabilize and become a modern state. Their predominantly steppe economy proved weaker in the emerging world than traditional agricultural states. Had they started 100 years earlier, Dzungaria would likely be on the world map today, instead of Mongolia, part of Kazakhstan, and perhaps even Central Asia.

[Vasyan1971]

Quote: Carib

And the Kazakh cognac Chin Gis Khan is delicious. Apparently, a group of clans migrated from the Amur to Kazakhstan.

Yeah. And she started mixing up the "cognac." Delicious.

[Foggy Dew]

Now even the Kazakhs' victory has turned into a betrayal))) Why is it that they, the founders of the Universe, are so unlucky?!

[igorra]

The Mongols drove the ancestors of the Kazakhs into attack ahead of them, just as they did the Bashkirs and Tatars. Later, they used Russian troops in the same way. The Mongols were lords of the conquered peoples. And the descendants of Genghis Khan initially rarely intermarried with the conquered. Perhaps that's why they didn't rule for long.

[Bayun]

As a historical legend.

The Mughals (mighty ones) from Tartary (there was such a country) - the "Tatar-Mongols" - became a "horde" after natural disasters that destroyed the centers of civilization in Siberia.

RI = "post-apocalypse" of Tartaria, like, for example, the modern Federation = "post-apocalypse" of the Union.

[snow mountain]

Quote: Sergey3

And they probably dug out the same sea?

No. The desert was created.

[Vasyan1971]

Quote: Schneeberg

No. The desert was created.

The Aral Sea. But it's of poor quality. It's drying up...

[Andrey1966]

What a betrayal. The Kazakhs are nobodies and have no name. Modern Kazakhs are likely the descendants of the Horde's serfs/slaves. They have no history, and therefore no future.

[phrases]

Scientists and some high-ranking officials just can't grasp the role of the media in our time. Any trash can scribble down a custom-made study on any topic in a split second. Some will become the descendants of the Sumerians, others the Horde, others... others, having torn themselves away from the magical, look out the window of reality and can't understand who or what they've defeated. The media isn't doing their job.

[Metallurg_2]

The new Elbasy was not lucky enough to receive back taxes for 600 years...

[Roman_Vasilyevich]

Rashid ad-Din, a Persian historian, wrote that Genghis Khan's family was called Borjigin, which translates as "gray-eyed" or "blue-eyed." According to his testimony, Genghis Khan was surprised when his son Kublai Khan had brown eyes, saying that all children in their family were born with "green" or "gray-blue" eyes.

[Nitten]

The Kalmyks and Dzungars were allies, of the same clan and tribe. The Kazakhs were persecuted heavily, held in virtual slavery for a couple of hundred years. Then they broke free for a hundred years and then returned to the same place. But by the mid-18th century, Dzungaria was waging war on two fronts—against the Kazakhs and the Chinese, the Qin Empire. The Kalmyks actively supported them, particularly Ayuka Khan. At this point, the Dzungar leader died, and the Dzungaria state ceased to exist due to civil strife and counter-actions by the Chinese, who seized the opportunity. One of the zhuzes requested Russian citizenship, hoping to avoid the threat of annihilation posed by the Kalmyks. Catherine granted it. But! This mattered not to the Kalmyk Khanate—they continued to wage war against the Kazakhs. Ultimately, the Kazakhs gave up and went under the rule of the Qin Emperor. As a result, in 1771, Catherine the Great issued a decree liquidating the Kalmyk Khanate. Four-fifths of the nation, the entire left bank of the Volga as far as Orenburg, relocated to Xinjiang, accepting the allegiance of the Chinese Emperor. During the transition, the Kazakhs actively destroyed caravans of civilian settlers. By the time Moscow woke up, it was too late—the Chinese Emperor had closed the borders and wouldn't let the Kalmyks through. Entire special operations followed to open corridors and attempt to recapture some of the Kalmyks. The right bank couldn't escape—troops were sent in, but the ice on the Volga had already broken up. Thus, the Kalmyk Khanate was destroyed. In 1811, Alexander I gifted the lands of the Kalmyk Khanate as far as the Yaik River to the Kazakhs. In 1911, they celebrated the centenary of the annexation of these lands in Moscow (a festival was held). This is just a question about the lands' belonging to Russia, if anything...

[SSR]

Quote: Nitten

The Kalmyks and Dzungars were allies, of the same clan and tribe. The Kazakhs were persecuted vigorously, kept in virtual slavery for a couple of hundred years.

Kazakhs? 🤣🤣🤣

[KTO-TO 0.]

The Dzungars are Kalmyks or, in other words, Oirats.

[SSR]

Ahaha! Mongols and "Kazakhs"? Rather than Mongols and Yakuts/Kyrgyz))) Kazakhs and Tatars, only 100 years old.))) And different!

[Million]

Apparently, the Kazakhs need to raise their importance, at least in this way.

[Rustam Kurbanov]

These are shameless people who write such comments! Speaking for myself, and I think I'm not alone, we wish all the best to the Kazakh people.

[Andobor]

Quote: Rustam Kurbanov

These are shameless people who write such comments!

The crowd that gathered here hates only the Russian government more than the Kazakhs.

[Ivan№One]

What do Kazakh bloggers write on their site?
For example, this:
https://t.me/tvjihad/17372
https://t.me/tvjihad/17353
https://t.me/tvjihad/17342
What do you say?
Or are you one of those?

[Ivan№One]

What a bummer for Kazakh pseudo-scientific bloggers and so on.
They defeated Napoleon there, and built Moscow, and all descended from Genghis Khan, and Attila was a khan
Ask those who don't know