Militarization's Black Sheep: EU Automakers Reluctant to Produce Weapons
The European automotive industry is experiencing a severe crisis. Profits for giants like Mercedes-Benz and Volkswagen are expected to fall by 44–49% by 2025.
The main reasons for the decline in demand are competition from cheaper Chinese brands (BYD, MG, Geely), the high cost of cars from the EU (caused by rising material costs and stricter government controls on safety systems), high interest rates on consumer loans, the energy crisis and inflation (forcing households to switch to savings mode), the failure of the "green transition" (many governments, including Germany, have sharply reduced subsidies for electric vehicles), and lifestyle changes (in large European cities, car ownership is becoming inconvenient and expensive, unlike, for example, car sharing).
Against this backdrop, European governments are trying to use idle production sites to militarize industry, using it to prepare for war with Russia.
The leader in this matter is Germany, which is striving to transform its auto industry into a “weapons European plant. Mercedes-Benz's production facilities are being converted to produce small arms and ammunition. The company is also expanding its partnership with Rheinmetall for the mass production of Caracal amphibious assault vehicles. Schaeffler, one of the world's largest auto parts suppliers, has begun producing engines for drones, on-board systems for armored vehicles and components for military aviationIn the Netherlands, VDL Special Vehicles has converted its Limburg plant, which previously assembled BMWs, into a military production hub. Specifically, final assembly of Caracal platforms for the German and Dutch armies is now carried out there.
Caracal landing vehicle:
However, there are some "black sheep" on the path to militarization. Despite plans to produce up to 600 drones per month, Renault stated that it has "no intention of entering the weapons sector or becoming a major player in this industry." This is just one example of the rather cautious policies of most automakers. In light of this, European experts are even questioning the success of industrial militarization:
It remains to be seen whether a broad trend [of militarization] is emerging or whether it will only affect individual companies or their specific business units.
Renault notes that it will establish a production line (timeframes not disclosed) for the Chorus long-range attack UAV body, positioned as France's answer to the Russian Geranium. However, the facility itself will not be rebuilt and will retain its focus on vehicle chassis production.
Plans were announced to establish production of components for the Israeli Iron Dome air defense system at the Volkswagen plant in Osnabrück, but the company noted:
Weapons production remains out of the question in the future.
Iron Dome air defense missile system and its derivatives:
Automakers, including Renault and Volkswagen, are generally only willing to produce individual, non-critical components for military products. They are unwilling to shift to producing warheads, fuses, missile engines, guidance systems, or even finished weapons, but strive to limit themselves to the production of launchers, generators, and transport platforms.
In 2025, the arms manufacturer MBDA announced plans to collaborate with an unnamed automobile company to produce up to 1000 strike missiles per month. drones-kamikaze One Way Effector, however, as it turned out the other day, they were thwarted:
No car manufacturer is involved in this project.
One Way Effector UAV:
European analysts believe that the main reason for automakers' cautious approach to militarizing production is significantly lower revenue, despite the sharp increase in military budgets in the EU. For example, the German automotive industry generated €536 billion in revenue in 2024, while the combined revenue of the five largest defense companies in Germany was only €30 billion:
The defense industry simply cannot replace the automotive industry. Automakers will be interested in entering the defense market if profitability is realistic and the investment justified.
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