Deck aircraft. Part 4
India
In this country, a paradoxical situation has developed, there is a very significant number of modern aircraft for basing on aircraft carriers, in the absence of the latter. In the Indian Navy are armed 15 deck fighters MiG-29K / KUBpurchased in 2004 year.
These aircraft will be assigned to the aircraft carrier Vikramaditya (formerly Admiral Gorshkov). In 2010, India purchased an additional batch of 29 MiG-29K from Russia for 1,5 billion dollars.
In anticipation of the addition to the aircraft carrier Vikramaditya (formerly Admiral Gorshkov), all the planes received by India are based at Goa airbase.
However, when the Indian fleet receives its long-awaited aircraft carrier undergoing refit and modernization in Russia, no one can reliably say, the deadlines for various reasons are constantly shifting.
In navy light aircraft carrier "Viraat"- Light aircraft carrier" Senor ".
Before joining the Indian Navy, Viraat served in the Royal Navy of Great Britain under the name HMS Hermes. The ship was laid during 2 World War 1944, but could not be built, and it stood 9 for years on English slipways Vickers-Armstrong, was launched in 1953, and entered into service in 1959. In 1971, it was modernized and re-trained as an amphibious assault helicopter. With the use of the shortened / vertical take-off and landing of the Sea Harrier aircraft, the ship again became airborne During the War for Folkle ndskie island «Hermes» was the flagship of the group British ships.
In 1986, the ship after the upgrade was transferred to the Indian Navy.
In 1995, the aircraft carrier was upgraded, as a result of which a new radar was installed. In 2002, the ship went through another upgrade, after which the ship received new anti-aircraft weapons of Russian and Israeli production.
After the withdrawal of the light aircraft carrier Vikrant from the fleet of India, only this one capable aircraft carrier remained in the fleet.
The air group includes: UVVP Sea Harriers aircraft (modifications BAe Sea Harrier FRS Mk.51, BAe Sea Harrier T Mk.60) - 12-18 units, Ka-31, Ka-28, HAL Dhruv, HAL - 7-NNXX helicopters, Ka-8, HAL Dhruv, HAL - XNUMX-NNXX helicopters, Ka-XNUMX, HAL Dhruv, HAL - XNUMX-NNXX helicopters, Ka-XNUMX, HAL Dhruv, HAL - XNUMX-NNXX helicopters, Ka-XNUMX, HAL Dhruv helicopters, HAL - XNUMX-NNXX, N-X Ka-XNUMX helicopters, HAL Dhruv, HAL - XNUMX helicopters, NALX helicopters pieces
Multipurpose military helicopterDhruv»(ALH Dhruv, Advanced Light Helicopter Dhruv), developed by the Indian national company HAL (English Hindustan Aeronautics Limited), with the support of the German concern Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm.
The development of the helicopter began in the 1984 year, the first flight - in the 1992 year, and went into mass production in the 2003. Available in two versions: for the Air Force and the ground forces - with skid landing gear; for the Navy with a three-point retractable landing gear. The shock modification of the helicopter, equipped with an automatic 20-mm gun mounted on the turret and guided missile weapons, such as ATGM. Suspension of depth charges and torpedoes is also possible.
HelicopterWhy so»(HAL Chetak) - is a licensed copy of the French multipurpose helicopter Aerospatiale SA.316 / SA.319 Aluette III.
Used for reconnaissance, search and rescue, armed version carries 20-mm cannon, NURS or anti-submarine torpedoes.
In India, shipyards in the city of Cochin, with 2006, the construction of a light aircraft carrier "Vikrant", It is intended to replace the aircraft carrier Viraat, which is finalizing its resource. This ship should be the flagship of the western group of the Navy of India. The aircraft carrier was built on the basis of a joint project being developed by the Russian Nevsky KB, as well as with French and Italian assistance. An aircraft carrier with most of the parameters will actually be equivalent to Vikramadity.
This ship was originally created as an aircraft carrier, and not a cruiser with aircraft, therefore the internal space is more rationally used. Similarly to “Vikramidity”, a springboard, a three-wire arresting gear, an optical landing system, two lifts will be installed on the deck of the ship. Take on board the aircraft carrier will be able to weight up to 25 tons - MiG-29K. Based helicopters: Ka-28, Ka-31 and HAL Dhruv, which are the main for the Indian Navy, in addition, Russian-made helicopters that have not developed a resource will be removed from the Viraat.
China
The Navy of this country is perhaps the most dynamic in the world. Naturally, the Chinese could not ignore such an important segment of the fleet as aircraft carriers. Back in the middle of the 90-s, in the People's Republic of China purchased decommissioned aircraft carriers “Kiev” and “Minsk” were bought in Russia. And undoubtedly, thoroughly studied them. In April, 1998, the unfinished aircraft carrier cruiser Ave. 1143.6 "Varangian"Was bought from Ukraine for $ 20 million, as announced, to organize a floating entertainment center with a casino. The cruiser was put to inspection and repair in the dry dock of the naval base in Dalian.
The plans of the People’s Liberation Army of China in relation to the aircraft carrier have been uncertain for a long time. Analysts discussed a number of possibilities: commissioning or use as a base for training.
In 2011, it became clear that China was completing the completion and modernization of the ship, making it its first aircraft carrier. This was confirmed by the fact that China built a landfill on land, in one of the central regions of the country, to train deck pilots aviationcompletely copied from the "Varyag".
Modernization is carried out at a shipyard in the same city of Dalian. 8 June 2011, the Chief of the General Staff of the People’s Liberation Army of China, Chen Bingde, announced that the former Varyag was undergoing completion and modernization at a shipyard in Dalian, and on August 10 the ship left the shipyard for the first sea trials under the name of Shi Lan.
By May 2012, the aircraft carrier had completed six sea trials.
25 September 2012, the port of Dalian hosted the ceremony of adopting the first aircraft carrier of the Chinese Navy. The ceremony was attended by President Hu Jintao and Premier of the State Council of China Wen Jiabao.
The ship was named "Liaoning"- in honor of the province in northeastern China and the tail number" 16 ".
24 November 2012 of the year Chinese newspaper South China Morning Post reported on the successful landing of the Shenyang fighter J-15 on the deck of an aircraft carrier.
The pilot was piloted by test pilot Dai Minmen. Thus, China officially became a new power with a naval jet carrier-based aircraft.
Need to remember history aircraft development J-15. At the end of the nineties, China tried to buy fifty Russian Su-33 fighter jets from Russia. During the negotiations on a possible contract, the number of desired aircraft was constantly reduced and eventually decreased to two units. It is not hard to guess that two fighter aircraft will not be able to arm even one aircraft carrier, but they can be used for copying and then deploying its own production.
Despite the difficult economic situation and the need for new contracts, the Russian aircraft manufacturers refused to China and did not sell a single Su-33.
A little later, China agreed with Ukraine on the sale of one of the Su-33 prototypes, T-10K, and some documentation on it.
In the summer of 2010, the first flight of the J-15 carrier-based fighter "self-developed" was reported. It should be noted that already at that time the Chinese called J-15 the development of the previous J-11 (first a licensed, and then a counterfeit copy of the Russian Su-27SK), and not a copy of the T-10К / Su-33. In this case, it turns out that for some unknown reason, the development of the J-11 project went exactly the same way as it was with Su-27K, which later became Su-33. The Chinese press as an advantage of its aircraft points to the possibility of attacking ground targets. The Su-33 armament range contains unguided caliber bombs up to 500 kilograms and unguided rockets of various types. During the tests, attempts were made to use anti-ship missiles X-41 "Mosquito", but the production aircraft have no such possibility. There is no accurate information about the range of weapons of the Chinese J-15 aircraft, and therefore there is every reason to assume that its capabilities to strike at the ground are also limited. If China decides to develop its carrier fleet in accordance with the American views on this question, then it is quite possible that any guided weapons will appear in the J-15 arsenal. At the moment, accurate information about this is missing.
It is argued that the computing system of the fighter has much better characteristics as compared with the Su-33 avionics, for example, the speed of the main computer is several times higher. However, for a full analysis of the combat capabilities of electronic equipment, including the on-board computer, other information is also needed, right down to the specific tasks and characteristics of a particular element of the computing complex. In addition, even a super-powered computer will not provide the expected capabilities if there are no other equipment with relevant characteristics in the avionics. For example, a bad airborne radar is unable to help unleash the full potential of a powerful computer. It is alleged that he carries a station with an active phased array, but there is reason to doubt it. One way or another, the onboard electronics of a fighter must be “balanced”, otherwise the achievement of high performance is by definition impossible. At the moment, only the possibility of using only air-to-air guided weapons of the J-15 fighter is known.
Also on the aircraft carrier will be based for various purpose helicopters: Ka-28, Z-8, Z-9.
Changhe Z-8 - Chinese multipurpose helicopter.
Is a licensed copy of the French helicopter Sud-Aviation SA.321 Super-Frelon.
Produced in transport, anti-submarine, early warning and rescue options.
Harbin Z-9 - Chinese multipurpose helicopter.
Is a licensed copy of the French helicopter Aérospatiale Dauphin. Entered the PLA in 1998 year.
There are transport, shock, rescue and anti-submarine versions.
The Chinese Navy has 2 (another 3 is planned). The Qinchenshan type UDC is a 071 project.
This ship, with a standard displacement of 19000 tons and a length of 210 m, is capable of carrying up to 1000 marines, in terms of capabilities it is far superior to the “domestic Mistral.” There are no reliable data on the size and composition of its air group.
Brazil.
Brazilian Navy aircraft carrier "San Paolo»(A12), —the former aircraft carrier" Foch »(Foch) of the type" Clemenceau "(Clemenceau) of the French Navy.
15 February 1957 was laid, 23 July 1960 was launched, entered the French Navy 15 July 1963 15 November 2000, transferred to the Brazilian Navy and after repair in February 2001 arrived in Brazil.
Aviation Group:
X-NUMX fighter-attack aircraft AF-14 "Skyhawk" (A-1 Skyhawk)
4-6 anti-submarine helicopters SH-3A / B "Sea King" (Sea King)
2 search and rescue helicopter UH-12 / 13 "Esquilo" (Ecureuil)
XHUMX UH-3 Super Puma Transport Helicopter
3 transport aircraft Grumman C-1A Trader and 3 anti-submarine S-2 Tracker
Brazil became the last buyer of A-4, acquiring A-4KU from Kuwait. Under a contract worth 70 million, signed in 1997, the Brazilian Navy received 20 A-4KU and triTA-4КЦ transferred to October 1998. But these cars needed repair, and the first of them was ready only in January 2000. The aircraft needed modernization, as they did not have a radar and were equipped with 1970 radio equipment. For its holding in Brazil took the New Zealand company "SAFE Air Engineering", a branch of the company "Lockheed Martin" in Cordoba also participated in the work. The only aircraft carrier of the Brazilian Navy, Minas Gerais (former British Colossus class Vengenz), was replaced in 2001 by Sao Paulo (French Foch of Clemenceau class).
Twenty Skyhawk, based on the "Sao Paulo", received the designation AF-1(A-4KU). Three AF-1A (TA-4KU) remain in the VF-1 squadron based on the San Pedro Navy and are used for training.
This base also holds qualification training for landing on an aircraft carrier using established Fresnel lenses, before the pilots start flying from the deck of a real ship.
This aircraft is a modification of the well-known Douglas A-4 "Skyhawk" - an American light deck attack aircraft, developed in the first half of the 1950-s Douglas Aircraft Company.
Serially produced before 1979 year, was in service with many countries of the world. Widely used in the Vietnam War, the Arab-Israeli wars and other armed conflicts.
Specifications:
Length: 12,6 m
Wingspan: 8,4 m
Height: 4,6 m
Wing area: 24,06 m²
Empty weight: 4365 kg
Curb weight: 8300 kg
Maximum takeoff weight: 10 410 to
Flight characteristics:
Maximum speed at the ground: 1083 km / h
Cruising speed: 800 km / h
Dumping speed: 224 km / h
Combat radius with 2 PTB: 1094 km
Ferrying range: 3430 km
Battle Ceiling: 12 200 M
Operational overload: −3 / + 8 g
Armament:
Guns: 2 × 20 mm (Colt Mk.12); ammunition - 100 shells / barrel
Suspension points: 5
Combat load: up to 3720 kg.
Used as search and rescue AS350 Ekurel - French light, multi-purpose helicopter.
The real rarities, even against the background of the deserved Skyhawk, are the deck transport Grumman C-1A Trader and antisubmarine series Tracker
Were obtained in the USA from the storage base of the Davis-Monton 8 de-commissioned carrier-mounted transport aircraft with C-1A Trader piston engines, which cost $ 335 thousand. C-1 was created on the basis of S-2 and operated in the US Navy to 1988 A total of X-NUMX C-83 transporters were built.
In Uruguay, 4-pieces were purchased. S-2A and S-2G. In 1965, Uruguay received from the USA 3 aircraft in the S-2A modification, and at the beginning of the 80-x - three more S-2G.
I must say that the S-2, designed by Grumman, turned out to be a very successful aircraft, which, along with such "eternal" samples of aviation equipment as the Douglas DC-3 or Il-18, widely sold around the world and outlived most of their peers.
Deck antisubmarine aircraft S-2 Tracker (in translation, hunter or bloodhound) is an all-metal twin-engine high-wing with a classic tail. The wing of the aircraft consists of a center section and two consoles folding in a tent. The aircraft is equipped with two Wright Cyclone R-1820-82WA twin-piston air-cooled engines rated for HP.
It was made a fairly large number of modifications, differing from each other mainly in the composition of the onboard equipment. The latest serial modification was the S-2E. The S-2G variant was an upgrade to the S-2E drill. Total firm Grumman built 1284 aircraft of all modifications.
In addition to the United States, the S-2 was operated in the armed forces of the 14 states, and in most of them - as a basic anti-submarine aircraft.
Thailand
Light aircraft carrier "Chakri Narubet"(Thai." Chakri Dynasty ").
It was built in 1994 — 1997 by the Spanish company Basan and is similar in design to the Prince of Asturias aircraft carrier built earlier by the same company for the Spanish Navy. It is the smallest among modern aircraft carriers.
It is used to patrol the exclusive economic zone and search and rescue operations; its tasks also include providing air support, but overall, the ship’s combat capability is rated low due to the lack of funding and rare sea exits. As of 2012, the Chakri Narubet remains in service with the KVMS of Thailand, but the ship is inactive for most of the time. Based in the deep-water port of Chuck Samet where it serves as a base for patrol helicopters.
Unlike other ships of this class, you can get on an aircraft carrier as a visitor, on any day from 8.00 to 16.00 (the output is Wednesday, on that day the entrance to the ship is closed until noon), admission is free.
The only caveat - foreign tourists must, before visiting the aircraft carrier, must write a letter addressed to the commander of the Royal Thai Navy (Sattahip, Chon Buri, 20180).
According to the media of both Thailand and many other countries, Chakri Narubet can be considered the largest royal yacht in the world, since during short-term sailing on a ship, members of the royal family are usually present, to accommodate which on the aircraft carrier extensive apartments.
In April, 2012, the Swedish company Saab received an order from the Thai Navy to modernize the control and monitoring system of an aircraft carrier. The contract value is $ 26,7 million. During the modernization of the aircraft carrier will receive the latest management system 9LV Mk4. Also, Saab will equip the ship with new data transmission systems to ensure interaction with the Gripen fighter jets and the Saab 340 Erieye early warning radar and control aircraft in service with Thailand. Modernization of the aircraft carrier will end in 2015 year.
Aviation group to 14 airplanes and helicopters; usually: X-NUMX attack aircraft of the AV-6S "Harrier", 8 multi-purpose helicopter S-6B.
Helicopter carriers and amphibious assault ships are available in the fleets: Australia, the Netherlands, South Korea and Japan. Some of them are capable of basing VTOLVs, if necessary, although they currently do not exist in the fleets of these countries.
Sources:
http://wikimapia.org/26345194/ru/Авианосец-«Вираат»
http://www.oborona.ru/includes/periodics/armstrade/2011/0111/18095418/detail.shtml
http://aviations.ru/2011/12/19/braziliya-moderniziruet-samolet-trader/
http://topwar.ru/7377-kitay-stanovitsya-velikoy-voenno-morskoy-derzhavoy.html
http://ship.bsu.by/print.aspx?guid=103428
http://pro-samolet.ru/blog-pro-samolet/351-chinese-fighter-j15-flying-shark-new-and-old-photo
In this country, a paradoxical situation has developed, there is a very significant number of modern aircraft for basing on aircraft carriers, in the absence of the latter. In the Indian Navy are armed 15 deck fighters MiG-29K / KUBpurchased in 2004 year.
These aircraft will be assigned to the aircraft carrier Vikramaditya (formerly Admiral Gorshkov). In 2010, India purchased an additional batch of 29 MiG-29K from Russia for 1,5 billion dollars.
In anticipation of the addition to the aircraft carrier Vikramaditya (formerly Admiral Gorshkov), all the planes received by India are based at Goa airbase.
However, when the Indian fleet receives its long-awaited aircraft carrier undergoing refit and modernization in Russia, no one can reliably say, the deadlines for various reasons are constantly shifting.
In navy light aircraft carrier "Viraat"- Light aircraft carrier" Senor ".
Before joining the Indian Navy, Viraat served in the Royal Navy of Great Britain under the name HMS Hermes. The ship was laid during 2 World War 1944, but could not be built, and it stood 9 for years on English slipways Vickers-Armstrong, was launched in 1953, and entered into service in 1959. In 1971, it was modernized and re-trained as an amphibious assault helicopter. With the use of the shortened / vertical take-off and landing of the Sea Harrier aircraft, the ship again became airborne During the War for Folkle ndskie island «Hermes» was the flagship of the group British ships.
In 1986, the ship after the upgrade was transferred to the Indian Navy.
In 1995, the aircraft carrier was upgraded, as a result of which a new radar was installed. In 2002, the ship went through another upgrade, after which the ship received new anti-aircraft weapons of Russian and Israeli production.
After the withdrawal of the light aircraft carrier Vikrant from the fleet of India, only this one capable aircraft carrier remained in the fleet.
The air group includes: UVVP Sea Harriers aircraft (modifications BAe Sea Harrier FRS Mk.51, BAe Sea Harrier T Mk.60) - 12-18 units, Ka-31, Ka-28, HAL Dhruv, HAL - 7-NNXX helicopters, Ka-8, HAL Dhruv, HAL - XNUMX-NNXX helicopters, Ka-XNUMX, HAL Dhruv, HAL - XNUMX-NNXX helicopters, Ka-XNUMX, HAL Dhruv, HAL - XNUMX-NNXX helicopters, Ka-XNUMX, HAL Dhruv helicopters, HAL - XNUMX-NNXX, N-X Ka-XNUMX helicopters, HAL Dhruv, HAL - XNUMX helicopters, NALX helicopters pieces
Multipurpose military helicopterDhruv»(ALH Dhruv, Advanced Light Helicopter Dhruv), developed by the Indian national company HAL (English Hindustan Aeronautics Limited), with the support of the German concern Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm.
The development of the helicopter began in the 1984 year, the first flight - in the 1992 year, and went into mass production in the 2003. Available in two versions: for the Air Force and the ground forces - with skid landing gear; for the Navy with a three-point retractable landing gear. The shock modification of the helicopter, equipped with an automatic 20-mm gun mounted on the turret and guided missile weapons, such as ATGM. Suspension of depth charges and torpedoes is also possible.
HelicopterWhy so»(HAL Chetak) - is a licensed copy of the French multipurpose helicopter Aerospatiale SA.316 / SA.319 Aluette III.
Used for reconnaissance, search and rescue, armed version carries 20-mm cannon, NURS or anti-submarine torpedoes.
In India, shipyards in the city of Cochin, with 2006, the construction of a light aircraft carrier "Vikrant", It is intended to replace the aircraft carrier Viraat, which is finalizing its resource. This ship should be the flagship of the western group of the Navy of India. The aircraft carrier was built on the basis of a joint project being developed by the Russian Nevsky KB, as well as with French and Italian assistance. An aircraft carrier with most of the parameters will actually be equivalent to Vikramadity.
This ship was originally created as an aircraft carrier, and not a cruiser with aircraft, therefore the internal space is more rationally used. Similarly to “Vikramidity”, a springboard, a three-wire arresting gear, an optical landing system, two lifts will be installed on the deck of the ship. Take on board the aircraft carrier will be able to weight up to 25 tons - MiG-29K. Based helicopters: Ka-28, Ka-31 and HAL Dhruv, which are the main for the Indian Navy, in addition, Russian-made helicopters that have not developed a resource will be removed from the Viraat.
China
The Navy of this country is perhaps the most dynamic in the world. Naturally, the Chinese could not ignore such an important segment of the fleet as aircraft carriers. Back in the middle of the 90-s, in the People's Republic of China purchased decommissioned aircraft carriers “Kiev” and “Minsk” were bought in Russia. And undoubtedly, thoroughly studied them. In April, 1998, the unfinished aircraft carrier cruiser Ave. 1143.6 "Varangian"Was bought from Ukraine for $ 20 million, as announced, to organize a floating entertainment center with a casino. The cruiser was put to inspection and repair in the dry dock of the naval base in Dalian.
The plans of the People’s Liberation Army of China in relation to the aircraft carrier have been uncertain for a long time. Analysts discussed a number of possibilities: commissioning or use as a base for training.
In 2011, it became clear that China was completing the completion and modernization of the ship, making it its first aircraft carrier. This was confirmed by the fact that China built a landfill on land, in one of the central regions of the country, to train deck pilots aviationcompletely copied from the "Varyag".
Modernization is carried out at a shipyard in the same city of Dalian. 8 June 2011, the Chief of the General Staff of the People’s Liberation Army of China, Chen Bingde, announced that the former Varyag was undergoing completion and modernization at a shipyard in Dalian, and on August 10 the ship left the shipyard for the first sea trials under the name of Shi Lan.
By May 2012, the aircraft carrier had completed six sea trials.
25 September 2012, the port of Dalian hosted the ceremony of adopting the first aircraft carrier of the Chinese Navy. The ceremony was attended by President Hu Jintao and Premier of the State Council of China Wen Jiabao.
The ship was named "Liaoning"- in honor of the province in northeastern China and the tail number" 16 ".
24 November 2012 of the year Chinese newspaper South China Morning Post reported on the successful landing of the Shenyang fighter J-15 on the deck of an aircraft carrier.
The pilot was piloted by test pilot Dai Minmen. Thus, China officially became a new power with a naval jet carrier-based aircraft.
Need to remember history aircraft development J-15. At the end of the nineties, China tried to buy fifty Russian Su-33 fighter jets from Russia. During the negotiations on a possible contract, the number of desired aircraft was constantly reduced and eventually decreased to two units. It is not hard to guess that two fighter aircraft will not be able to arm even one aircraft carrier, but they can be used for copying and then deploying its own production.
Despite the difficult economic situation and the need for new contracts, the Russian aircraft manufacturers refused to China and did not sell a single Su-33.
A little later, China agreed with Ukraine on the sale of one of the Su-33 prototypes, T-10K, and some documentation on it.
In the summer of 2010, the first flight of the J-15 carrier-based fighter "self-developed" was reported. It should be noted that already at that time the Chinese called J-15 the development of the previous J-11 (first a licensed, and then a counterfeit copy of the Russian Su-27SK), and not a copy of the T-10К / Su-33. In this case, it turns out that for some unknown reason, the development of the J-11 project went exactly the same way as it was with Su-27K, which later became Su-33. The Chinese press as an advantage of its aircraft points to the possibility of attacking ground targets. The Su-33 armament range contains unguided caliber bombs up to 500 kilograms and unguided rockets of various types. During the tests, attempts were made to use anti-ship missiles X-41 "Mosquito", but the production aircraft have no such possibility. There is no accurate information about the range of weapons of the Chinese J-15 aircraft, and therefore there is every reason to assume that its capabilities to strike at the ground are also limited. If China decides to develop its carrier fleet in accordance with the American views on this question, then it is quite possible that any guided weapons will appear in the J-15 arsenal. At the moment, accurate information about this is missing.
It is argued that the computing system of the fighter has much better characteristics as compared with the Su-33 avionics, for example, the speed of the main computer is several times higher. However, for a full analysis of the combat capabilities of electronic equipment, including the on-board computer, other information is also needed, right down to the specific tasks and characteristics of a particular element of the computing complex. In addition, even a super-powered computer will not provide the expected capabilities if there are no other equipment with relevant characteristics in the avionics. For example, a bad airborne radar is unable to help unleash the full potential of a powerful computer. It is alleged that he carries a station with an active phased array, but there is reason to doubt it. One way or another, the onboard electronics of a fighter must be “balanced”, otherwise the achievement of high performance is by definition impossible. At the moment, only the possibility of using only air-to-air guided weapons of the J-15 fighter is known.
Also on the aircraft carrier will be based for various purpose helicopters: Ka-28, Z-8, Z-9.
Changhe Z-8 - Chinese multipurpose helicopter.
Is a licensed copy of the French helicopter Sud-Aviation SA.321 Super-Frelon.
Produced in transport, anti-submarine, early warning and rescue options.
Harbin Z-9 - Chinese multipurpose helicopter.
Is a licensed copy of the French helicopter Aérospatiale Dauphin. Entered the PLA in 1998 year.
There are transport, shock, rescue and anti-submarine versions.
The Chinese Navy has 2 (another 3 is planned). The Qinchenshan type UDC is a 071 project.
This ship, with a standard displacement of 19000 tons and a length of 210 m, is capable of carrying up to 1000 marines, in terms of capabilities it is far superior to the “domestic Mistral.” There are no reliable data on the size and composition of its air group.
Brazil.
Brazilian Navy aircraft carrier "San Paolo»(A12), —the former aircraft carrier" Foch »(Foch) of the type" Clemenceau "(Clemenceau) of the French Navy.
15 February 1957 was laid, 23 July 1960 was launched, entered the French Navy 15 July 1963 15 November 2000, transferred to the Brazilian Navy and after repair in February 2001 arrived in Brazil.
Aviation Group:
X-NUMX fighter-attack aircraft AF-14 "Skyhawk" (A-1 Skyhawk)
4-6 anti-submarine helicopters SH-3A / B "Sea King" (Sea King)
2 search and rescue helicopter UH-12 / 13 "Esquilo" (Ecureuil)
XHUMX UH-3 Super Puma Transport Helicopter
3 transport aircraft Grumman C-1A Trader and 3 anti-submarine S-2 Tracker
Brazil became the last buyer of A-4, acquiring A-4KU from Kuwait. Under a contract worth 70 million, signed in 1997, the Brazilian Navy received 20 A-4KU and triTA-4КЦ transferred to October 1998. But these cars needed repair, and the first of them was ready only in January 2000. The aircraft needed modernization, as they did not have a radar and were equipped with 1970 radio equipment. For its holding in Brazil took the New Zealand company "SAFE Air Engineering", a branch of the company "Lockheed Martin" in Cordoba also participated in the work. The only aircraft carrier of the Brazilian Navy, Minas Gerais (former British Colossus class Vengenz), was replaced in 2001 by Sao Paulo (French Foch of Clemenceau class).
Twenty Skyhawk, based on the "Sao Paulo", received the designation AF-1(A-4KU). Three AF-1A (TA-4KU) remain in the VF-1 squadron based on the San Pedro Navy and are used for training.
This base also holds qualification training for landing on an aircraft carrier using established Fresnel lenses, before the pilots start flying from the deck of a real ship.
This aircraft is a modification of the well-known Douglas A-4 "Skyhawk" - an American light deck attack aircraft, developed in the first half of the 1950-s Douglas Aircraft Company.
Serially produced before 1979 year, was in service with many countries of the world. Widely used in the Vietnam War, the Arab-Israeli wars and other armed conflicts.
Specifications:
Length: 12,6 m
Wingspan: 8,4 m
Height: 4,6 m
Wing area: 24,06 m²
Empty weight: 4365 kg
Curb weight: 8300 kg
Maximum takeoff weight: 10 410 to
Flight characteristics:
Maximum speed at the ground: 1083 km / h
Cruising speed: 800 km / h
Dumping speed: 224 km / h
Combat radius with 2 PTB: 1094 km
Ferrying range: 3430 km
Battle Ceiling: 12 200 M
Operational overload: −3 / + 8 g
Armament:
Guns: 2 × 20 mm (Colt Mk.12); ammunition - 100 shells / barrel
Suspension points: 5
Combat load: up to 3720 kg.
Used as search and rescue AS350 Ekurel - French light, multi-purpose helicopter.
The real rarities, even against the background of the deserved Skyhawk, are the deck transport Grumman C-1A Trader and antisubmarine series Tracker
Were obtained in the USA from the storage base of the Davis-Monton 8 de-commissioned carrier-mounted transport aircraft with C-1A Trader piston engines, which cost $ 335 thousand. C-1 was created on the basis of S-2 and operated in the US Navy to 1988 A total of X-NUMX C-83 transporters were built.
In Uruguay, 4-pieces were purchased. S-2A and S-2G. In 1965, Uruguay received from the USA 3 aircraft in the S-2A modification, and at the beginning of the 80-x - three more S-2G.
I must say that the S-2, designed by Grumman, turned out to be a very successful aircraft, which, along with such "eternal" samples of aviation equipment as the Douglas DC-3 or Il-18, widely sold around the world and outlived most of their peers.
Deck antisubmarine aircraft S-2 Tracker (in translation, hunter or bloodhound) is an all-metal twin-engine high-wing with a classic tail. The wing of the aircraft consists of a center section and two consoles folding in a tent. The aircraft is equipped with two Wright Cyclone R-1820-82WA twin-piston air-cooled engines rated for HP.
It was made a fairly large number of modifications, differing from each other mainly in the composition of the onboard equipment. The latest serial modification was the S-2E. The S-2G variant was an upgrade to the S-2E drill. Total firm Grumman built 1284 aircraft of all modifications.
In addition to the United States, the S-2 was operated in the armed forces of the 14 states, and in most of them - as a basic anti-submarine aircraft.
Thailand
Light aircraft carrier "Chakri Narubet"(Thai." Chakri Dynasty ").
It was built in 1994 — 1997 by the Spanish company Basan and is similar in design to the Prince of Asturias aircraft carrier built earlier by the same company for the Spanish Navy. It is the smallest among modern aircraft carriers.
It is used to patrol the exclusive economic zone and search and rescue operations; its tasks also include providing air support, but overall, the ship’s combat capability is rated low due to the lack of funding and rare sea exits. As of 2012, the Chakri Narubet remains in service with the KVMS of Thailand, but the ship is inactive for most of the time. Based in the deep-water port of Chuck Samet where it serves as a base for patrol helicopters.
Unlike other ships of this class, you can get on an aircraft carrier as a visitor, on any day from 8.00 to 16.00 (the output is Wednesday, on that day the entrance to the ship is closed until noon), admission is free.
The only caveat - foreign tourists must, before visiting the aircraft carrier, must write a letter addressed to the commander of the Royal Thai Navy (Sattahip, Chon Buri, 20180).
According to the media of both Thailand and many other countries, Chakri Narubet can be considered the largest royal yacht in the world, since during short-term sailing on a ship, members of the royal family are usually present, to accommodate which on the aircraft carrier extensive apartments.
In April, 2012, the Swedish company Saab received an order from the Thai Navy to modernize the control and monitoring system of an aircraft carrier. The contract value is $ 26,7 million. During the modernization of the aircraft carrier will receive the latest management system 9LV Mk4. Also, Saab will equip the ship with new data transmission systems to ensure interaction with the Gripen fighter jets and the Saab 340 Erieye early warning radar and control aircraft in service with Thailand. Modernization of the aircraft carrier will end in 2015 year.
Aviation group to 14 airplanes and helicopters; usually: X-NUMX attack aircraft of the AV-6S "Harrier", 8 multi-purpose helicopter S-6B.
Helicopter carriers and amphibious assault ships are available in the fleets: Australia, the Netherlands, South Korea and Japan. Some of them are capable of basing VTOLVs, if necessary, although they currently do not exist in the fleets of these countries.
Sources:
http://wikimapia.org/26345194/ru/Авианосец-«Вираат»
http://www.oborona.ru/includes/periodics/armstrade/2011/0111/18095418/detail.shtml
http://aviations.ru/2011/12/19/braziliya-moderniziruet-samolet-trader/
http://topwar.ru/7377-kitay-stanovitsya-velikoy-voenno-morskoy-derzhavoy.html
http://ship.bsu.by/print.aspx?guid=103428
http://pro-samolet.ru/blog-pro-samolet/351-chinese-fighter-j15-flying-shark-new-and-old-photo
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