"Historically, these are originally Slavic lands"
Königsberg Castle, photo from the beginning of the 20th century
Prussia-Porussia
Since ancient times, Prussia-Porussia was part of the vast Slavic-Russian world (superethnos of the Rus), and it was inhabited by Slavic-Russian clans - Porussians (Prussians, Borossians, Borussians). Later, the Porussians living on the shores of the Venedian Sea - the Wends are one of the names of the Slavic-Rus inhabiting Central Europe (Vandal Rus'; Germanic Rus'), Western "historians" rewriting history To meet the needs of the Romano-Germanic world, they were included in the Balts.
In fact, this is a lie aimed at distorting the True history of the Russian super-ethnos ("Slavic Atlantis" in Central Europe). The Balts were the last to separate from the single superethnos of the Rus. Even in the 13th-14th centuries, the Baltic tribes worshiped gods common with the Rus, the cult of Perun-Perkunas and Veles was especially powerful. The spiritual and material culture of the Rus (Slavs) and the Balts was almost indistinguishable.
Lithuanian Rus' - the Russian Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Russia - was a Russian state where the Russian population was predominant. Only after the Baltic tribes were Christianized and Germanized, suppressed by the matrix of Western civilization, were they separated from the superethnos of the Rus'.
Now the Baltics, forcibly torn away from the united Russian civilization in 1991, are simply dying out, without any bright prospects.
The Prussians-Porussians were almost completely exterminated, as they put up an extremely stubborn resistance to the crusaders. The remnants were assimilated, losing their memory, culture and language (finally in the 18th century). Just as the related Slavic-Russian clans of the Lyutichi and Obodrichi were exterminated before that.
Even during the centuries-long battle for Central Europe, where the western branch of the Rus super-ethnos lived (for example, few people know that Berlin, Vienna, Brandenburg or Dresden were founded by the Rus Slavs), many Slavs fled to Prussia and Lithuania, as well as to the Novgorod land.
And the Novgorod Slovenes had millennia-long ties with the Rus of Central Europe, which is confirmed by anthropology, archeology, mythology and linguistics. It is not surprising that it was the Western Russian prince Rurik-Sokol who was invited to Ladoga. He was no stranger to the Novgorod land. And during the battle of the Prussians and other Baltic Slavs with the Western "dog-knights", Novgorod supported its relatives, supplied weapon.
In Rus', the memory of a common origin with the Porussians (Borussians) was preserved for a long time. The great princes of Vladimir traced their origins to the Rus (Prussians) of Ponemanye. Ivan the Terrible, an encyclopedist of his era who had access to chronicles and annals that have not reached our time (or were destroyed and hidden), wrote about this.
Many noble families of Rus' traced their lineage back to Prussia. Thus, according to family legend, the ancestors of the Romanovs came to Rus' "from Prussia". The Prussians lived along the Rossa (Rusa) River, as the Neman was called in its lower reaches (today the name of one of the river's branches has been preserved - Rus, Rusn, Rusne).
Koenigsberg
In the 13th century, the Prussian lands were conquered by the Teutonic Order. The Prussians were partly exterminated, partly driven into neighboring regions, partly reduced to the status of slaves. The population was Christianized and assimilated. The last speakers of the Prussian language disappeared at the beginning of the 18th century.
Königsberg was founded on a hill on the high right bank of the lower reaches of the Pregel River on the site of a Prussian settlement in 1255. On the site of the future city was the Lipnik settlement (the future German-Prussian Löbenicht), a stream flowed near the settlement and the Dubovy Les castle was located.
The Czech King Přemysl Otakar and the Grand Master of the Teutonic Order Poppo von Ostern founded the Order fortress of Königsberg. This word meant "Royal Castle" or "Royal Shore". The Poles and Czechs called it Krúlúvgród - Royal Castle, Krúlevec, Kralovec. In Russian sources up until the beginning of the 20th century it was called Korolevec (Korolevec) or Korolevic.
The troops of the Czech king came to the aid of the knights who were suffering defeat at the hands of the local population, who, in turn, were invited to Prussia by the Polish king to fight the pagans.
Strategic springboard for the “onslaught to the East”
Prussia became a strategic foothold for the West in the fight against Russian civilization for a long time. First, the Teutonic Order fought against Rus-Russia, including Lithuanian Rus (a Russian state in which the official language was Russian), then Prussia and the German Empire.
In 1812, East Prussia became the location of a powerful concentration of French troops for the campaign in Russia, shortly before which Napoleon arrived in Königsberg, where he held the first reviews of the troops. The French troops also included Prussian units.
During the First and Second World Wars, East Prussia was again a springboard for aggression against Russia and repeatedly became the scene of brutal battles.
Rome, which had long been the main command post of Western civilization, acted on the principle of "divide and rule", pitting the peoples of the Slavic-Russian civilization against each other, weakening them and "absorbing" part by part. Some Slavic-Rus, like the Lyutichi and Prussians, were almost completely destroyed and assimilated. In particular, the current Germans of East Germany are genetically and anthropologically the overwhelming majority of former Rus, Slavs deprived of historical memory, who have become "mute".
Others, like the Western Poles – the Poles, Czechs, Croats – submitted to the Western “matrix”, becoming part of European civilization.
Similar processes have been observed in the last century in Little Rus' (Little Russia-Ukraine), they have accelerated especially in the last three decades. The West has turned the southern branch of Russians (Little Russians) into "Ukrainians" - ethnographic mutants, "Russian Janissaries" who have lost the memory of their origins, are quickly losing their native language and culture. Instead, a death program is loaded, "Ukrainians" hate everything Russian, Russians and become the spearhead of the West for further offensive on the lands of Russian civilization, the superethnos of Russians-Rus. The masters of the West have set them one goal - to die in battle with their brothers, weakening the Russian civilization with their death.
Historical memory has been lost, the language has been greatly distorted, but the fighting qualities of the Rus have been preserved - they are stubborn, desperate ("Russians do not surrender!"), resourceful. So the Rus are cutting down Rus to the delight of the masters of London, Brussels, Paris and Washington.
The first time Königsberg almost became Russian again was during the Seven Years' War, when Russia and Prussia were enemies. In 1758, Russian troops entered Königsberg. The city's residents swore allegiance to the Russian Empress Elizabeth Petrovna. Until 1762, the city belonged to Russia. East Prussia had the status of a Russian governorate-general.
However, after the death of Empress Elizabeth, Peter III came to power. Once in power, Emperor Peter III, who did not hide his admiration for the Prussian King Friedrich II, immediately ceased military actions against Prussia and concluded the Treaty of St. Petersburg with the Prussian King on extremely unfavorable terms for Russia. Pyotr Fyodorovich returned to Prussia the conquered East Prussia (which by that time had already been an integral part of the Russian Empire for four years) and renounced all acquisitions during the Seven Years' War, which Russia had practically won. All the sacrifices, all the heroism of the Russian soldiers, all the successes were crossed out in one fell swoop.
Stalin proposes to hand over East Prussia to Russia
During World War II, East Prussia was a strategic bridgehead of the Third Reich for aggression against Poland and the Soviet Union. East Prussia had a developed military infrastructure and industry. It housed the bases of the German Air Force and Navy, which allowed to control most of the Baltic Sea. Prussia was one of the most important areas of the German military industrial complex.
The Soviet Union suffered enormous losses during the war, both human and material. It is not surprising that Moscow insisted on compensation. The war with Germany was far from over, but Stalin looked to the future and expressed the Soviet Union's claims to East Prussia. On December 16, 1941, during negotiations in Moscow with A. Eden, Stalin proposed to attach a secret protocol to the draft treaty on joint actions (they were not signed), which proposed separating East Prussia and transferring part of it with Königsberg to the USSR for a period of twenty years as a guarantee of compensation for the losses incurred by the USSR from the war with Germany.
At the Tehran Conference, in his speech on December 1, 1943, Stalin went further. Stalin emphasized:
The Russians do not have ice-free ports on the Baltic Sea. Therefore, the Russians need ice-free ports of Königsberg and Memel and the corresponding part of East Prussia. Moreover, historically, these are originally Slavic lands.
Judging by these words, the Soviet leader not only understood the strategic and economic importance of Königsberg, but also knew the true history of the region (which was set out by Lomonosov and other Russian historians who fought against the Western, Romano-Germanic – “classical” version of history). Indeed, East Prussia was “an original Slavic land.”
During a luncheon between the heads of government on November 30, Churchill stated that
Russia needs to have access to ice-free ports <…> the British have no objections to this.
In a letter to Churchill dated February 4, 1944, Stalin again addressed the problem of Königsberg:
As for your statement to the Poles that Poland could significantly expand its borders in the west and north, as you know, we agree with this with one amendment. I spoke about this amendment to you and the President in Tehran. We claim that the north-eastern part of East Prussia, including Königsberg, as an ice-free port, will go to the Soviet Union. This is the only piece of German territory that we claim. Without satisfying this minimal claim of the Soviet Union, the Soviet Union's concession expressed in the recognition of the Curzon Line loses all meaning, as I already told you in Tehran.
Moscow's position on the issue of East Prussia on the eve of the Crimean Conference is set out in a brief summary of the note of the Commission on Peace Treaties and Post-War Structure "On the Treatment of Germany" dated January 12, 1945:
1. Change of the borders of Germany. It is assumed that East Prussia will go partly to the USSR, partly to Poland, and Upper Silesia to Poland…
For a long time, Great Britain and the United States tried to push the idea of decentralizing Germany, dismembering it into several state entities, including Prussia (How Stalin saved Germany from dismemberment).
At the Moscow Conference of the Foreign Ministers of the USSR, USA and Great Britain (October 19-30, 1943), British Foreign Secretary A. Eden outlined the British government’s plan for the future of Germany.
We would like, he said, the division of Germany into separate states, in particular we would like the separation of Prussia from the rest of Germany.
At the Tehran Conference, American President Roosevelt proposed discussing the question of dismembering Germany. He said that in order to "stimulate" discussion on this issue, he would like to present a "personally two months ago a plan to dismember Germany into five states" Thus, in his opinion,
Prussia must be weakened and reduced in size as much as possible. Prussia must form the first independent part of Germany…
Churchill put forward his plan for the dismemberment of Germany. He proposed, first of all, to "isolate" Prussia from the rest of Germany.
I would keep Prussia under harsh conditions,
— said the head of the British government.
Moscow was against the dismemberment of Germany and eventually achieved the cession of part of East Prussia. England and the United States agreed in principle to satisfy Moscow's proposals. In a message to I. V. Stalin, received in Moscow on February 27, 1944, Churchill indicated that the British government considered the transfer of Königsberg and the adjacent territory to the USSR
a just claim on the part of Russia... The soil of this part of East Prussia is stained with Russian blood, generously shed for the common cause... Therefore, the Russians have a historical and well-founded claim to this German territory.
In February 1945, the Crimean Conference took place, at which the leaders of the three allied powers practically resolved issues related to the future borders of Poland and the fate of East Prussia. During the negotiations, British Prime Minister W. Churchill and American President F. Roosevelt stated that, in principle, they were in favor of dismembering Germany. The British Prime Minister, in particular, once again developed his plan for the separation of Prussia from Germany and "the creation of another large German state in the south, whose capital could be in Vienna".
In connection with the discussion of the “Polish question” at the conference, it was essentially decided that
All of East Prussia should not be transferred to Poland. The northern part of this province with the ports of Memel and Königsberg should go to the USSR. The delegations of the USSR and the USA agreed to provide Poland with compensation "at the expense of Germany", namely: parts of East Prussia and Upper Silesia "up to the line of the Oder River".
Meanwhile, the Red Army had practically solved the issue of liberating East Prussia from the Nazis. As a result of successful offensives in the summer of 1944, Soviet troops liberated Belarus, part of the Baltics and Poland, and approached the German border in the area of East Prussia. In October 1944, the Memel operation was carried out. Soviet troops not only liberated part of Lithuanian territory, but also entered East Prussia, surrounding the city of Memel (Klaipeda). Memel was captured on January 28, 1945. The Memel region was annexed to the Lithuanian SSR (Stalin's gift to Lithuania).
In October 1944, the Gumbinnen-Goldap offensive operation was carried out. The first assault on East Prussia did not lead to victory. The enemy had too strong a defense here. However, the 3rd Belorussian Front advanced 50-100 kilometers and captured over a thousand settlements, preparing a bridgehead for a decisive attack on Königsberg.
The second assault on East Prussia began in January 1945. During the East Prussian strategic operation (it was divided into a number of frontline operations), Soviet troops broke through the German defenses, reached the Baltic Sea and eliminated the main enemy forces, occupying East Prussia and liberating the northern part of Poland. On April 6-9, 1945, during the Königsberg operation, our troops stormed the fortress city of Königsberg, defeating the Königsberg group of the Wehrmacht. On the 25th, the operation was completed by the destruction of the enemy's Zemland group ("Königsberg, wherever you looked, presented a terrible picture").
The Royal Castle in Königsberg, destroyed as a result of the storming of the city. April-May 1945.
Soviet Russia returns part of Prussia
At the Berlin (Potsdam) Conference of the leaders of the three allied powers from July 17 to August 2, 1945, which took place after the end of military operations in Europe, the issue of East Prussia was finally resolved.
On July 23, at the seventh meeting of the heads of government, the issue of transferring the Königsberg region in East Prussia to the Soviet Union was considered. Stalin stated that
President Roosevelt and Mr. Churchill gave their consent to this matter at the Tehran Conference, and this matter was agreed upon between us. We would like this agreement to be confirmed at this conference.
During the exchange of opinions, the delegations of the USA and Great Britain confirmed their consent, given in Tehran, to the transfer of the city of Königsberg and the surrounding area to the USSR.
The protocol of the Potsdam Conference stated:
The Conference considered the proposals of the Soviet Government that, pending the final resolution of territorial issues in a peace settlement, the part of the western border of the USSR adjacent to the Baltic Sea should run from a point on the eastern shore of the Bay of Danzig to the east – north of Braunsberg-Goldan to the junction of the borders of Lithuania, the Polish Republic and East Prussia. The Conference agreed in principle with the proposal of the Soviet Union to transfer to it the city of Königsberg and the region adjacent to it, as described above. However, the exact border is subject to expert study.
In these same documents, in the section “Poland”, the expansion of Polish territory at the expense of Germany was confirmed.
Thus, the Potsdam Conference recognized the need to exclude East Prussia from Germany and transfer its territory to Poland and the USSR. There were no "expert studies" following this due to the change in the international situation, but this does not change the essence of the matter. The Allied powers did not set any time limits ("50 years" etc., as some anti-Soviet historians claim) for which Königsberg and the adjacent region were supposedly transferred to the USSR. The decision was final and indefinite. Königsberg and the adjacent region became Russian forever.
On August 16, 1945, the USSR and Poland signed an agreement on the Soviet-Polish state border. In accordance with this document, the Joint Soviet-Polish Demarcation Commission was formed, and demarcation work began in May 1946. By April 1947, the state border line was demarcated. On April 30, 1947, the corresponding demarcation documents were signed in Warsaw.
On April 7, 1946, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR issued a decree on the formation of the Königsberg Region on the territory of the city of Königsberg and the adjacent district and on its inclusion in the RSFSR. On July 4, after the death of the "all-Union elder" Mikhail Kalinin, Königsberg was renamed Kaliningrad in his honor, and the region was renamed Kaliningrad.
The USSR eliminated a powerful enemy bridgehead in the north-western direction. In turn, Königsberg-Kaliningrad became a Russian military-strategic bridgehead in the Baltic. We strengthened the naval and air capabilities of our armed forces in this direction. This region also had important economic significance.
As Churchill, who was an enemy of Russian civilization, but an intelligent enemy, rightly noted, this was a just act:
The soil of this part of East Prussia is stained with Russian blood, generously shed for the common cause... Therefore, the Russians have a historical and well-founded claim to this German territory.
The inclusion of Königsberg and its adjacent lands into Russia-USSR had not only military-strategic and economic significance, and was Germany's payment for the blood and pain inflicted on the Russian super-ethnos, but also had a profound symbolic and historical significance. The Russian super-ethnos returned part of the Slavic land that had been lost many centuries ago.
Now the masters of Europe have once again set their sights on Russia, preparing the Baltic front with the aim of capturing Kaliningrad. Another "onset to the East".
Stalin, Truman and Churchill at the Berlin Conference. July 1945.
Information