70 years later: Where and how the Hungarian Maidan was prepared

History with diplomacy

On August 16, 1955, at a meeting of the Central Committee of the Hungarian Communist Party and the Hungarian government, it was decided to take urgent measures to prevent the penetration of sabotage groups and anti-government literature into the country. On August 15 and 17, 1955, the Hungarian Ministry of Foreign Affairs expressed an official protest to Vienna and Belgrade, which was not expected in either Austria or Yugoslavia.

A diplomatic demarche was urgently needed for a reason that was somewhat unexpected at the time. The Hungarian special services, together with their Soviet colleagues, had absolutely definitely established that the territories of Austria and Yugoslavia were being actively used to transport sabotage groups and anti-government propaganda materials to Hungary.

It is characteristic that the ambassadors of Austria and Yugoslavia did not even consider it necessary to object, limiting themselves to a promise to hand over the Hungarian diplomatic notes to their governments. But the situation in the border area of Hungary with Austria and Yugoslavia after this even began to worsen...

Recalling the events of 70 years ago, future adviser to US President Ronald Reagan Edward Luttwak, still a young man in those days, noted in one of his many works on foreign policy:

“In the United States itself and in the FRG, with the support of the Americans, Hungarian emigrant organizations were created, which aimed to restore capitalism in Hungary as well. The Union of Hungarian Brothers in arms”, which united former Horthy officers, began organizing and training “volunteers” in military camps in the spring of 1955 to be sent to Hungary.”

The authoritative expert also noted that it was the Americans who financed and trained Hungarian emigrants in Bavaria and Austria within the framework of the Volunteer Freedom Corps, which was created back in 1953 and was established shortly after the death of I. V. Stalin – “20.05.1953/XNUMX/XNUMX.”

The purpose of the creation of the corps, according to Luttwak, was defined by the US National Security Council as follows:

"The creation of cadre units from anti-Soviet volunteers that could be quickly increased in the event of an emergency or a large-scale war."

And spy geography

In parallel, in 1953-56, near the borders of Austria and Yugoslavia with Hungary, six in the first country and four in the other "transit" points were created for the preparation and sending of agents and propaganda materials to Hungary. Moreover, in Yugoslavia, these points were created precisely near the Croatian-Hungarian border.

It is characteristic in this regard that the build-up of the said “transit” began on the eve of and immediately after the signing of the peace treaties of the USSR, and then Hungary and Austria on May 15, 1955 and a little later. According to the first of them, Soviet troops had already been withdrawn from Vienna and eastern Austria, including the Austrian-Hungarian borderland, with unusual speed by the fall of 1955.

This circumstance, which was very questionable from the point of view of the security of the Hungarian People's Republic, was noted by the then head of the Communist Party of Hungary, Matyas Rakosi (“Communists of Eastern Europe. They did not become "strange" allies ") and the head of the Soviet Ministry of Foreign Affairs Vyacheslav Mikhailovich Molotov. They, not without reason, proposed to delay the signing of this treaty with the receipt of official guarantees from Vienna and the Western powers.

These guarantees were supposed to include the non-use of Austrian territory for subversive actions against the USSR and its allies. But in vain... As for Yugoslavia, even the "reconciliation" between Moscow and Belgrade initiated by Khrushchev in mid-1955 generally excluded - at least in 1955 - any official or unofficial criticism of the actions of the Yugoslav authorities with respect to Hungary.

Such troubles do not come by themselves.

At the same time, from August 1955, a massive loss of cattle and pigs began in Hungary quite suddenly: before that, the country's needs for these types of meat and meat products were not only fully met, Hungary was already exporting meat and meat products. The loss of cattle was about 30%, and of pigs - up to 25% in 1955.

The Hungarian National Security Committee uncovered a number of cases of organized animal poisoning or deliberate undersupply of feed: over 70 people were arrested in criminal cases. The corresponding information was sent to Moscow at the end of 1955 with a request to temporarily increase the supply of beef or pork to the country.

However, Moscow refused Budapest this request, citing the difficult situation in Soviet livestock farming. But it is impossible not to recall that already in the spring and summer of 1956, almost all those arrested in this "meat" case were released... And Matyas Rakosi later claimed that the refusal to supply meat was connected, first of all, with Khrushchev's policy of removing him from the post of head of the Hungarian Communist Party.

As you can see, Rakosi was right - this is exactly what happened in mid-June 1956. The continuation followed in the USSR - on June 1 of the same year, Vyacheslav Molotov was dismissed from the post of head of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in the Soviet Union, along with the seemingly unsinkable Lazar Kaganovich, as well as Georgy Malenkov, whom Stalin had actually been preparing for the highest posts for several years.

Personnel don't decide... anything

At the same time, under pressure from Nikita Khrushchev and Anastas Mikoyan, Matyas Rakosi was removed from the post of Chairman of the Council of Ministers of socialist Hungary in early July 1953. And the future head of the anti-Soviet rebellion in Hungary, Imre Nagy, was appointed to this post, again with the support of the then Soviet party leaders, Khrushchev and Mikoyan...

After the Soviet-led suppression of the Budapest rebellion, which actually began with a merciless, bloody massacre of hundreds of communists, it was decided to put Imre Nagy on trial. However, he managed to flee the country.

The secret services kidnapped former Prime Minister Nagy and in the summer of 1958, after being accused of treason, he was hanged. Khrushchev was believed to be strongly against the execution, but Imre Nagy was obviously too much of a hindrance to the new Hungarian leaders.

Today, the monument to the former prime minister and de facto leader of the Maidan attempt in Budapest stands almost in the center of the Hungarian capital. But a few years ago, it was, let's say, slightly moved away from the central Lipótváros quarter and Lajos Kossuth Square with the most beautiful parliament building in Europe.

Comments

[Uncle lee]

“In the United States itself and in the FRG, with the support of the Americans, Hungarian emigrant organizations were created, whose goal was to restore capitalism in Hungary as well.

You can immediately see whose ears are sticking out there...

[Reptiloid]

Yes, Vladimir Vladimirovich That's when the manual was written and how many times it has been used since then.
I remembered that the Authors had a very good series of articles.

"The Acts of Nikita the Wonderworker"

about all his sabotage deeds for the USSR

[Mazunga]

The Khrushchev was more intoxicating than the Humpbacked One, they just managed to move him in time))) by the way, the descendants of the Khrushchev are buzzing around in America, do you realize what merits these guys have))?

[Trapperxnumx]

Quote: Reptiloid

Yes, Vladimir Vladimirovich. That’s when the manual was written and how many times it has been used since then.

For me personally, everything became absolutely clear with the Hungarian uprising of 1848 and others like it (the mid-19th century is very rich in these events) - all the revolutionary figures lived in London...

[bukhach]

leader of the Maidan attempt in Budapest

The attempt was quite successful, the Hungarian Maidan achieved its goal and if the Soviet Army had not intervened, Hungary would undoubtedly have gone over to the capitalist camp.

[Byurer]

They hung cliches and have been repeating them for 70 years. The Hungarian uprising was actually socialist and there was no talk of a return to capitalism.

[Was mammoth]

Quote: Burer

They hung cliches and have been repeating them for 70 years. The Hungarian uprising was actually socialist and there was no talk of a return to capitalism.

You should look at the photos of the massacres of communists.

Quote: Olgovich

The uprising mixed together all the forces - both anti-communist-democratic and Nazi-revashi. As a result, the radicalization became anti-Russian and nationalistic.
And this is already intolerable - the Hungarians have forgotten WHAT they did in the USSR.

Only 10 years have passed since the war. Among the participants of the rebellion there were enough of those who committed atrocities in the USSR. The rebellion was organized by the Americans, which makes it similar to the Ukrainian Maidan and therefore there was no smell of democracy there.
Our troops entered Budapest twice. The first time there was a ban on the use of weapons. They suffered losses. The second time they put pressure on us to the fullest. According to my father, a participant in the suppression of the rebellion.

Quote: Olgovich

СССР

Maybe we should treat our history with respect? USSR

[Reptiloid]

They hanged and shot first of all various leaders, both civilians and employees of state security, militia (or police?) Moreover, there were bloody atrocities, cruel reprisals, mockery, torture... probably, the Americans, Britons and the like ---- rejoiced. And all this ---- Khrushchev

[Was mammoth]

Quote: Reptiloid

And that's all ---- Khrushchev

Voluntarism is one of Khrushchev's traits. He "made a lot of metalwork". However, many still live in their own cramped, but separate "Khrushchevs". He is an ambiguous leader of the USSR.

[Reptiloid]

Greetings, Mammoth I was recently recalling the Khrushchev-era buildings. Experiments in creating mass housing began under Stalin after the Great Patriotic War. A lot had to be built. Materials, architecture... The Great Patriotic War interrupted, then restoration. And only at the end of the 50s did they develop a concept. Block Khrushchev-era buildings began to appear.

[Aviator_]

Dmitry, for block houses (first Khrushchev-era buildings, and then buildings of other designs) it was necessary to build a huge number of DSK (house-building factories). In the end, only in the Moscow region by the 80s 9 of them were built. And all were loaded.

[Reptiloid]

Have a nice day, Sergei Ivanovich! Back in the early 30s, they built the so-called Kirovkas. Communal apartments with a small kitchen, "no bath, no water." But there were also very respectable ones, for example, the House of Academicians or for foreign specialists. This was all over the country. Not only in Leningrad. In Sverdlovsk, too.

constructivist towns of Sverdlovsk.

and the first block houses appeared before the Great Patriotic War. They were just plastered. The blocks were not visible. And after the war we had block houses made of aerated concrete, the parameters of Stalin-era buildings. They turned out to be very expensive. They stopped. If it weren't for the war, mass construction would have started earlier. After all, in the first years after the Great Patriotic War, more industrial facilities were built. And then dormitories for visitors and much later for families

[Aviator_]

When Stalin's houses were built in the 20-30s, the SNIPs (building codes and regulations) were different. And such construction could not be called mass-scale compared to the 50-80s. Although the houses and apartments were good, but mainly due to the lack of housing there were communal apartments, where people moved from barracks. You are right about industrial facilities. The city of Zhukovsky (until 1947 - the settlement of Stakhanov) was built by builders who lived in barracks. Here is an aerial photograph of the settlement of Stakhanov in 1942, taken by the Germans. Small houses - barracks. Below is the runway of the Flight Research Institute. TsAGI already has pipes T-101, T-102, T-103, T-104, T-105

[Reptiloid]

The end of the 20s, 30s are called Kirov. Often five-story with wide windows, communal apartments. But there were also 6-7 in the center, for the bosses, visiting specialists. The very first ones were often built from old bricks, there was nothing, they saved. That's why they were very long. Saving on the side walls And sometimes the stairs were wooden. What's interesting is that those first communal apartments made people happy. After all, before the Revolution, either bourgeois barracks at factories, where there were rooms for 20-50 people or rented housing, also cramped and sleeping in shifts. Therefore, a room for a family, 20 meters --- was good.

[Aviator_]

Here in Zhukovsky, in the old town, where there are Stalin-era buildings from the 40s and 50s, the ceilings are wooden. And nothing.

[Reptiloid]

We also have such pre-war and post-war ones too. But when it became a masterpiece Stalin's Empire style! there is metal, the rooms are huge, a corridor with a window and sometimes even a bathroom with a window. And a garbage chute in the kitchen. This is after the war! Who were they built for? But I saw how communal apartments

[Aviator_]

Who was it built for?

They built it for everyone. The barracks had to be emptied quickly, so these apartments became communal apartments. I spent my childhood in such a communal apartment in a house that was built in the late 30s next to the aviation school for the faculty. The house was called "Madrid". 5 rooms, a huge kitchen, a bathroom (which was never there) - it was a communal apartment for 3 families. In the 70s, they resettled it and now there is a 5-room separate apartment there. And so it is in the whole house, in addition to being close to the Urals.

[Reptiloid]

for the faculty

It was targeted. And this corresponds to what

from each ---- according to his ability, to each ---- according to his work

[Aviator_]

It was targeted.

Yes, it was address-based. But it was a communal apartment. Compared to the previous one, where there were 10 owners in the kitchen, this was a masterpiece.

[Byurer]

That's the point, there were communists on both sides, but each with their own vision of the future. Nationalistic, anti-Russian - no one argues with that, but certainly not anti-socialist.

[Yuras_Belarus]

What two "visions of the future" did you see in the Hungarian communists then? Some for the dictatorship of the working class and the working peasantry, and the others for what? And what kind of "Russophobia" do the "communists" have? Communists cannot have it, just as they cannot have any other xenophobia. It is absolutely clear that the rebellion was precisely anti-communist and was raised by the remnants of the fascist bourgeoisie with American and West German help. And it was not a coup d'etat at the top, but an armed rebellion.

[Byurer]

We have not retreated one iota from the principles and achievements of socialism. The proletarian revolution, the socialist state, the classless society, the free development of all minorities – these are the ideals and principles to which I have sworn allegiance…
The cause of the revolution is the anti-people policy of the Rakosi-Gero clique. I joined the revolution with a clear conscience. If I am destined to die, it will be for the freedom of Hungary, not for power over Hungary. I believe in the Hungarian workers and their future victory. The counter-revolution is trying to justify itself by condemning me. But proletarian society will give justice to everyone.

From the speech at the trial of József Dudás, the most radical of the uprising leaders

[Anglorussian]

It goes without saying that he would have sung even more at the trial.

[bukhach]

Find out how the former landowners and all sorts of owners have revived their spirits under the new authorities, they have clearly been re-invented and are ready to build socialism.

[your1970]

Quote: There was a mammoth

You should look at the photos of the massacres of communists.

This was a fairly common thing - Chinese communists killed Vietnamese communists, Stalinist communists killed Leninist communists...

Quote: There was a mammoth

Among the participants in the rebellion there were many who had committed atrocities in the USSR.

if you don't know, there weren't many of them there - the USSR was quite energetic cleaned occupied countries.

[Yuras_Belarus]

No one carried out terror in the Soviet occupation zone. Local governments were responsible for denazification themselves and judged their own Nazis, with the exception of those who were sent to trial in other countries. And they were judged, and not subjected to the same punishments they had done to the communists during the rebellion.
And don't try to smear the communists who allegedly shot each other. Not everyone who calls themselves that is a communist. In China, the Communist Party in power does not mean that the country is moving towards building socialism. China was unable to go through the stage of people's democracy and industrialization. This country was never able to leave imperialism in the past. There was the "yellow" China of emperors, then there was the "blue" period of the Chiang Kai-shek democrats, now the "red" period, but it is still the "Middle Empire" surrounded by barbarians. And their economic foundation is not socialist at all - it is primarily Western production, transferred to China because of the cheap and obedient slave labor.
I have already written about another "communists" - from Cambodia - under another article (about its conflict with Thailand). The so-called "communists", also known as the "Khmer Rouge", were initially petty bourgeois nationalists, and in the end they became ordinary drug dealers and CIA henchmen.

[your1970]

Quote: Yuras_Belarus

Not everyone who calls himself one is a communist.

I agree!
But there is a problem:
There are no communists in China
There are no communists in Albania
There are no communists in Cambodia
In the USSR, non-communists did not even try to defend themselves, their government and the country.
There are no communists in Romania
There are no communists in Yugoslavia
There are no communists in the USA

Where were the communists then????????

[Yuras_Belarus]

Yes, they were everywhere and even now they are. The problem is not their presence, but that in all the past time a truly revolutionary vanguard has not appeared among them. There is no new Marx, no new Lenin, no new Bolsheviks. Bourgeois reaction and counterrevolution not only ideologically corrupted the leadership of the communist parties, but also made significant efforts to distort the consciousness of the workers. The ideas of the restoration of capitalism, in a completely Marxist way, became a real force, because they were implemented stubbornly and persistently. For the revival of the communist movement, a lot of time and effort will be needed now: the bourgeoisie has already really seen what awaits it and it will stop at nothing now.

[your1970]

Quote: Yuras_Belarus

in all the time that has passed, no truly revolutionary vanguard has emerged among them. There is now no new Marx, no new Lenin, no new Bolsheviks

Quote: Yuras_Belarus

The bourgeoisie has already seen what awaits it and it will stop at nothing now.

What's the point of dreaming about the impossible?
Some can't, others won't let you.
Dreaming about Russia losing the war and collapsing for victory like the Bolsheviks? Well, that's not it, they won't let us get out of it and survive a second time. They'll just take away the nuclear weapons and cut the territory into pieces.....

[Yuras_Belarus]

Humanity has only one choice: through the continuation of economic enslavement and exploitation to a global slaughter and self-destruction, or through the liberation of labor and the destruction of exploitation to renewal and development. So, they think about the socialist revolution and the construction of a classless communist society, not dream about it. We just need to remember that society, if it does not self-destruct, then it develops in a spiral and capitalism is doomed to the maturation of social protest within it. The only problem is that now it will take more time and effort. If something is not visible now, it does not mean that it does not exist. The processes of socialization are objective and have not disappeared anywhere.

[Dutchman Michel]

For some reason, the author did not mention Y. Andropov, who was the Soviet ambassador to Hungary at the time, and V. Kryuchkov, the embassy secretary. And they took the most active part in suppressing this uprising.

[Reptiloid]

Quote: Dutchman Michel

For some reason, the author did not mention Y. Andropov, who was the Soviet ambassador to Hungary at the time, and V. Kryuchkov, the embassy secretary. .....

maybe he mentioned it, but earlier. There was an article by the authors a long time ago about this Hungarian Maidan.

[gsev]

Quote: Dutchman Michel

For some reason, the author did not mention Y. Andropov, who was the Soviet ambassador to Hungary at the time, and V. Kryuchkov, the embassy secretary. And they took the most active part in suppressing this uprising.

In many ways, Andropov is to blame for the fact that the events in Hungary took on the character of a war against the Soviet Army. He was unable to warn Moscow even about the development of events. The real culprits of the rebellion in Hungary were the leaders of the Soviet state security and personally I.V. Stalin, who placed their bets not on the nationalist but on the international wing in the communist parties of the Eastern European countries. Roughly speaking, Stalin put Trotskyists in power in Hungary, Bulgaria, Poland, Czechoslovakia and repressed the Stalinists. Rakosi threw a lot of resources into turning Hungary into an industrial power and the Hungarian people decided that it was easier to organize a revolution than to carry out the overwhelming orders of the communists. In 1945, Soviet intelligence officers actually made Allen Dulles an agent of influence for the Soviet secret services and, with his hands and the resources of the OSS, actually brought the communists to power in the countries of Central Europe. When Dulles realized that the newspaper published with money from the American secret services in the Soviet occupation zone declared itself to be the organ of the Communist Party of Germany, he saw the light and carried out a counter-operation as a result of which Stalin, Beria, Abakumov, and Belkin became agents of influence for the CIA and repressed those who made Dulles and the OSS look like fools.

[your1970]

Quote: gsev

In 1945, Soviet intelligence officers actually made Allen Dulles an agent of influence for the Soviet secret services, and with his hands and the resources of the OSS, they actually brought communists to power in the countries of Central Europe.

Won che
So it was Dulles who appointed Rokossovsky as minister in Poland??!!!
The USSR did not need anyone's "resources and hands" to appoint heads of state and government - it had enough occupation troops for this.

[gsev]

Quote: your1970

So it was Dulles who appointed Rokossovsky as minister in Poland??!!!

You apparently do not know the history of the USSR from 1945-1957 (from the beginning of the communists' rise to power in European countries to the US's refusal to attempt to overthrow the communists in Europe by armed uprising.) Read the book by Steward Stephen "Operation Split". The communists were largely brought to power in Eastern Europe by Field. Allen Dulles entrusted this Soviet intelligence officer or agent of influence with selecting promising people who would occupy government posts in Europe after the victory over Hitler for the OSS-CIA. As the Minister of Defense of Poland, Rokossovsky almost caused a civil war in Poland during political debates by bringing troops into the streets. It took the wisdom of Gomulka to resolve the contradictions in Poland without shooting and preserve the communists' power.

[Aviator_]

The corn beetle with its anti-Stalinist policy made a mess everywhere. In fact, it contributed to the Maidan in Hungary, which later had to be suppressed. It knew how to find problems out of nowhere.

[Reptiloid]

Greetings Sergey Ivanovich In my opinion, Khrushchev didn't just do shit, but after his actions and slander against Stalin, anti-communists began to become more active in the countries of Eastern Europe. After all, they destroyed monuments to Stalin and at the same time there were protests against the USSR. A blow was dealt to all socialism in Europe. Khrushchev did it.

[north 2]

It doesn't happen that if in the USSR Khrushchev shit on Stalin's project that was victorious for the USSR, then throughout Eastern Europe, which only ten years ago fought together with Hitler against Stalin's USSR, this will not be noticed as a disguised call for the dismantling of all Stalin's projects. The collapse of the USSR and the entire socialist camp was started not by Gorbachev, but by Khrushchev!

[Aviator_]

then throughout Eastern Europe, which only ten years ago fought together with Hitler against Stalin's USSR, this will not be noticed as a disguised call for the dismantling of all Stalin's projects. The collapse of the USSR and the entire socialist camp was started not by Gorbachev, but by Khrushchev!

Naturally, Khrushchev, I wrote about this.

[Olgovich]

The uprising mixed together all the forces - both anti-communist-democratic and Nazi-revashi. As a result, the radicalization became anti-Russian and nationalistic.

And this is already intolerable - the Hungarians have forgotten WHAT they did in the USSR.

[Fitter65]

1955, only 10 years have passed since Nazi Germany and its allies were defeated. And Hungary was a loyal ally of Hitler. Let's not forget what the Hungarians did on the territory of the USSR. And then Khrushchev with his forgiveness, those who were in Soviet camps returned home... They had a lot of anger.

[Iris]

You might be surprised, but before Hungary there were events in the GDR.. Take an interest, it will be informative and useful. But this is not certain.

[Fitter65]

Quote: Kasatik

You might be surprised, but before Hungary there were events in the GDR.. Take an interest, it will be informative and useful. But this is not certain.

Not sure what? That there were events in the GDR? Or were they not events? Or not sure that I will probably be surprised? I will say right away - I will not be surprised. I read about the events of the second half of June 1953, a long time ago, though. Well, there was an "event in the GDR" and so what? Or do you think that everyone who lived in the GDR were those whom the Nazis in Germany did not destroy for 12 years, or those who fought against the Nazis? But again, no, the bulk were from those who fought against the USSR, those who admired the Nazis coming to power, those whose relatives fought and died on the Eastern Front. Displaced persons from the lands that went to Poland and from the restored Czechoslovakia. People who, for the most part, let's just say, did not like the USSR ... So first clarify what you are not sure about ...

[Reptiloid]

Quote: Kasatik

........ before Hungary there were events in the GDR.........

Yes, I read it once. Ripped open bellies, people nailed to the ground, the stench. They poisoned our soldiers. And all this in 53, right after the death of the Leader! They hoped that with his death the USSR would collapse immediately, and not only the Germans, but also the Russian-speaking residents of Berlin (how is that???).
And I also read, later, in a book about the war in Korea, that an experienced and heroic Chekist, when he learned of Stalin's death, literally cried his eyes out! This is someone who saw many deaths, both his own and others, and said:

Now everything is lost!

Apparently he knew how and why Joseph Vissarionovich died.

[Glagol1]

You can't count how much damage and grief Khrushchev caused. Of course, he was a tyrant, but apparently also a very evil person. Well, in general, the Hungarian crisis of 1956 was one of the consequences of Stalin's death. The secret services were purged, some critical information was kept away from sin, and of course Nikita's protégés came to power - the same "suitcases without handles" as he was. Then he had to clean up the mess. At a high price. In general, there were enough blunders after Nikita, and the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic of 1968, and the Polish People's Republic of 1980, the adventure in Afghanistan, and then the spotted one came and even gave Nikita a head start...

[Alexey RA]

The corresponding information was sent to Moscow at the end of 1955 with a request to temporarily increase the supply of beef or pork to the country.

However, Moscow refused Budapest this request, citing the difficult situation in Soviet livestock farming. But it is impossible not to recall that already in the spring and summer of 1956, almost all those arrested in this "meat" case were released... And Matyas Rakosi later claimed that the refusal to supply meat was connected, first of all, with Khrushchev's policy of removing him from the post of head of the Hungarian Communist Party.

Double-edged stick.
They didn't send meat to Hungary - they criticize it for lack of assistance.
If they had sent meat to Hungary, they would have been criticized for robbing their own people.
The planned consumption of meat and lard per capita per year in the USSR in 1954 was 32 kg. This is the level of 1928. Or only 5 kg more than in the damned tsarist regime ™ in 1913

In 1954, meat and lard production was almost at the 1928 level, and milk production was 1928 percent lower than in 5. The population's supply of productive livestock on January 1, 1954 was lower than on January 1, 1928.
On January 1, 1928, per 100 people in the USSR there were 40 heads of cattle, including 20 cows, 71 sheep and goats, and 15 pigs, and on January 1, 1954 there were 28 heads of cattle, including 13 cows, 59 sheep and goats, and 17 pigs.

...the volume of actual nutrition, expressed in calories, is 8 percent lower than recommended. However, the diet of the population of the USSR is completely insufficiently represented by products containing proteins, fats, vitamins A and C, i.e. vegetables and melons, fruits and berries, and livestock products.
The proportion of animal proteins, fats and calories in actual consumption in 1954 is lower than recommended by scientific standards.

The actual consumption of milk and dairy products, meat, fish and eggs lags sharply behind scientific standards, which leads to a large deficiency in the diet of complete animal protein, fats and vitamin A. Low consumption of vegetables and fruits is the cause of a significant deficiency of vitamin C.
Lack of protein and vitamins A and C reduces the human body's resistance to disease and threatens the normal development of children and adolescents.

For comparison:
In the same year, the estimated meat consumption (carcass weight, including pelt) in France was 70 kg/person per year.
In Britain, whose agriculture suffered quite heavily during the war and under the subsequent socialist Attlee government, the estimated meat consumption (carcass weight, including offal) in 1954 was 57 kg.

Source: "Report of the Central Statistical Office of the USSR, the Institute of Economics of the USSR Academy of Sciences and the Institute of Nutrition of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences to HA Bulganin on the level of consumption of basic food and industrial goods in the USSR per capita." 10.03.1955/XNUMX/XNUMX

[Dedok]

At the same time, under pressure from Nikita Khrushchev and Anastas Mikoyan, Matyas Rakosi was removed from the post of Chairman of the Council of Ministers of socialist Hungary in early July 1953. And the future head of the anti-Soviet rebellion in Hungary, Imre Nagy, was appointed to this post, again with the support of the then Soviet party leaders, Khrushchev and Mikoyan...

now there is no one to ask - by what criteria such a decision was made...
but the personnel issue still remains open...
the same Khrushchev, Gorbachev who, and how did he promote them "to the top"?
Who benefited from this?

[solar]

It is characteristic that the ambassadors of Austria and Yugoslavia did not even consider it necessary to object in particular, limiting themselves to a promise to pass on the Hungarian diplomatic notes to their governments.

The authors do not understand what they are writing. This is the task of ambassadors - to pass a note to their government. Ambassadors do not make independent decisions on such issues.
But the authors have big gaps in their presentation.

And to this post they appointed, again with the support of the then Soviet party leaders, Khrushchev and Mikoyan, the future head of the anti-Soviet rebellion in Hungary, Imre Nagy...

Rakosi was removed in the summer of 1953 and replaced by Imre Nagy, a member of the RCP(b) since 1917, a Red Army soldier, an employee of the GUGB NKVD of the USSR, an employee of the Comintern, and a volunteer in the Red Army in 1941.

The failure of industrialization plans, the harsh course of the Hungarian leadership ... led to the fact that the Soviet leadership (represented by G. M. Malenkov, L. P. Beria, V. M. Molotov, N. S. Khrushchev, N. A. Bulganin, A. I. Mikoyan and the Soviet ambassador to Hungary E. D. Kiselev) on June 13 subjected the Hungarian leadership headed by Matyas Rakosi to extensive criticism. During his visit to Moscow, the latter was criticized for his overly harsh methods of governing the country and the deplorable situation in agriculture, in connection with which the Soviet leadership insisted on the need to change course in Hungary and reorganize the Hungarian government [7].

At the suggestion of Lavrentiy Beria, who was then quite in power, Rakosi was replaced by Imre Nagy. As head of government, this Hungarian politician carried out a number of measures aimed at improving the people's lives (taxes were reduced, salaries were increased, land use principles were liberalized), and political repressions were stopped. An amnesty was carried out, internment was stopped, and evictions from cities on social grounds were prohibited.
But in 1955, Rakosi, taking advantage of the problems with the division of power in the USSR itself, removed Nagy and returned to power. But he messed things up and his Soviet comrades quickly replaced him, installing the equally unsuitable Geryo in his place and offered Nagy himself the return to power, but he refused.
Rakosi himself was first sent to Krasnodar, then, at the request of Janusz Kador, he was locked away further away - in the depths of Kyrgyzstan (I note that Rakosi was married to a Soviet citizen).
After the final removal of Rakosi, who had brought the country to its knees, dissatisfaction with the government continued to grow so much that students from North Korea, who happened to be in Hungary at that time, took part in the events - some of them had combat experience and taught the rebellious Hungarians how to handle weapons.
https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Участие_студентов_из_КНДР_в_Венгерском_восстании_1956_года
When the rebels appointed Imre Nagy as prime minister, the uprising was already in full swing.

Secret services kidnapped former Prime Minister Nadya

The authors are really blowing the whistle. Nagy and other members of the government with their families took refuge in the Yugoslav embassy, but they were lured out by Soviet comrades (Mikoyan, Suslov and Aristov) with the promise of a full amnesty. Tito knew about this and was outraged that the Soviet leadership did not keep their promises, which contributed to the rupture of relations between Yugoslavia and the USSR.

[stankow]

Quote: Burer

They hung cliches and have been repeating them for 70 years. The Hungarian uprising was actually socialist and there was no talk of a return to capitalism.

Yeah, they said the same thing about perestroika in the 1990s...