Unknown heroes. They covered the grenades with their bodies and rescued the fighters. Do we remember them?

17
Unknown heroes. They covered the grenades with their bodies and rescued the fighters. Do we remember them?

Can a society live without ideology? Without ideas? Without examples and samples? Who and how today sets us these models, how eternal values ​​are transmitted and the very "spiritual braces" are established, the deficit of which in modern Russia was mentioned by its president in his message to the Federal Assembly. We are discussing this topic with the governor of the Sretensky Monastery, executive secretary of the Patriarchal Council for Culture, Archimandrite Tikhon (Shevkunov).

“It hurts me today to talk about it, but I have to say about it. Today, Russian society is experiencing a clear shortage of spiritual brackets,” these are words from a message to the Federal Assembly of the President V.V. Putin's ...

Archimandrite Tikhon:  Disunity of "fathers and children", misunderstanding of people even within one generation, erosion and sometimes loss of moral values ​​traditional for Russia ... Until this year, we have not heard of anything like this from the leaders of our state.

Whether we like it or not, after the Soviet period, with its coercive ideology, we, in our custom, shied away in the opposite direction - in this case, to complete ideological confusion, uncertainty of meanings and goals. With all the aversion to any coercive ideology, more and more people gradually come to the conclusion that the other extreme is that a completely de-ideologized state is spiritually relaxed and simply not viable.

And what in return? New ideology?

Archimandrite Tikhon:  This is what I wouldn’t want at all, because it is an ideology that is forced on the desks of writing tables. But, fortunately, in the field of human convictions and ideologies there are things that are much more significant and effective than any ideology.

For example?

Archimandrite Tikhon: Eternal values.

For a modern person, this somehow sounds too pathetic. Maybe “base values” are better? It is their upbringing that is being called upon to actively engage in when they talk about the youth policy of Russia.

Sergeant Yevgeny Epov. The commander of the 23 squad of the special forces detachment of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Hero of Russia.

Archimandrite Tikhon:  And let me ask you, what are the “basic values” most demanded by young people today?

This is known from numerous opinion polls. Health comes first. Then quality housing, family. Then money, material goods. Safety. An opportunity to get a high-paying, interesting job. Next - friends. And, finally, love for the Motherland.

Archimandrite Tikhon:  Well, if the main values ​​of young people today really are exactly like this, then our position is really impossible. After all, if we translate this hierarchy of values ​​from sociological to Russian, we will hear: "Provide me with a quality education, well-paid job, safety, decent housing, everything to maintain health, and then we will love our Homeland with friends."
I'm not going to moralize at all, everything listed by sociologists is the natural and normal desires of most people. I just do not understand one thing: why, as it was said, the youth policy of the whole state should be engaged in fostering readiness to get high-quality housing? Or to patiently cultivate an unfeigned desire for high wages? Obviously, when we talk about the weakening of "spiritual bonds", then we mean something else.

Still, "eternal values"?

Archimandrite Tikhon: It seems so. Neglecting them, oblivion of them leads to tragic discontinuities and misunderstandings between people and generations. Remember, Shakespeare: "The bond of time was broken" ...

Yes, the highest values ​​are mercy, kindness, courage, sacrificial love for people and for the Fatherland, wisdom, loyalty, unselfishness, justice, modesty ... I'm not talking about faith in God, about the discovery of His plan for the world and man. It is the listed spiritual and moral qualities that most parents want to see in their children. And, probably, their upbringing and cultivation should be the subject of youth policy. But only the trouble is: no moral teachings and the most correct sermons work here at all. Moreover, they cause persistent and long-term allergies.

So what, in your opinion, should be a modern youth policy?

Archimandrite Tikhon: I do not know what to say about modern, but let's remember what was the youth policy ... in ancient Greece.

The ethical base, the basis of ancient Greek society were - heroes. Mythical and completely real. Such as Pericles, Alexander the Great, heroes of art, philosophers - Homer, Phidias, Plato.

Ancient Rome was also a civilization of heroes - Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus, Caesar, Muzio Scovola. To convey to the young generation a high sense of sacrificial love for the Motherland, it was not at all required to read the youths morality. It was enough to tell how their peer Mucius Scsevola, taken prisoner by the enemies and forced to betray, said: "This is what a free Roman can do" and, putting his hand into the fire of the altar, held it until it was charred.

Byzantium in the ethical sense was also a civilization of heroes. One could read about them in special books called the "Lives of the Saints": in this society, heroes of the spirit were in demand first of all. In medieval Europe, heroes are knights. In Russia, there are saints and knights-heroes. We will see our heroes in both the new and the newest stories. I'm not talking about the recent Soviet period, permeated with a cult of true and fake heroes.

Heroes are the bearers of those very main, eternal values ​​- people, culture, civilization, just what we are talking about. But, very importantly, they are more than just carriers. It is on them that society is entrusted with an unbearable task for anyone else - the effective transfer of these values ​​from generation to generation, from heart to heart. No moralizing, moralizing sermons, seminars and seligers can cope with this task without these genuine bearers of the highest values. The pedagogical function of the heroes is the continuation of their special service even many centuries after their death. No wonder the famous "Comparative Biographies" of Plutarch - biographies of the great Romans and Greeks, were studied, for example, in Russian gymnasiums right up to the revolution, when completely different heroes came to replace the old ones.

And what is happening with heroes today?

Archimandrite Tikhon: Sorry, it is not happening, but it has already happened. Over the past decades, work has been successfully carried out on the total de-heroization of Russia. As Mayakovsky wrote, "the hellish work will be done and is being done already."

Actually, degerization is, within a reasonable framework, a positive and sometimes even necessary process, which occurs from time to time in various countries and cultures, when the wind blows husk and alluvial history from the pantheons.

But in our Russian case, the revision was undertaken by the "creative" class and the "handshake" community of especially advanced lovers of Russian history. As a result of the purge carried out with Bolshevik ruthlessness, they simply did not leave us national heroes. All overthrown. Turned into ruthless monsters, scum and scoundrels, cowards, perverts, unprincipled opportunists. The methods are slander, cynical and ruthless ridicule, distortion of facts. In science, tendentiousness. In collecting facts - forgeries and tricks of the paparazzi. And all this, of course, under the pretext of "fighting for the truth" and a trembling desire to reveal to us, blind and deceived, the truth about ourselves.

I recently went to a central Moscow bookstore. In the most prominent place, among the sales leaders - Rezun's lampoon about Marshal Zhukov, another reprint. Or another example: it has not been a year or two that the idea that "your Alexander Nevsky" is nothing more than an ordinary opportunist, a henchman of the Tatar princes, has been circulating. And how incompetent vulgarians are trying to denigrate Pushkin! ..

But if you argue that there is a lot of factual material that speaks of the cruelty of Zhukov.

Archimandrite Tikhon:  Domestic and academic Western scientists have long left no stone unturned from Rezun's "historical" concepts. Yes, it's not even about that. Any military leader without exception can, if desired, be accused of cruelty. But remember what Pushkin wrote: "Leave the hero's heart ... What / He will be without him? Tyrant ..." This is from the poem "Hero", dedicated, by the way, not to someone, but to Napoleon - the enemy of Russia. This is where the wisdom of a genius and a deep historical look that penetrates the centuries.

Rezun's book and the campaign that followed it is the clearest example of coordinated activities - international and domestic - to redesign not only the history of World War II, but also our national mentality. They implicitly and directly suggest to us: if those whom you call your great heroes, in fact, all the time are monsters and geeks, then what is "this country", what is the people, what are you?

From recent history, it seems, only two of us are left as heroes: the elderly academicians D. S. Likhachev and A.D. Sakharov with their opposition to the collapsing Soviet state. There was still, however, A.I. Solzhenitsyn, but in the last years of his life, according to the creative public, he didn’t write something, and they excommunicated him from their society.

However, the "creative class" still offers us some modern heroes. Namely - "heroes" of glamor. They carry and successfully pass on to young people "values" that are directly opposite to the highest: instead of modesty - arrogant vanity, instead of nobility - pettiness, instead of courage - demonstrative opportunism and conjuncture. And further down the list.

But where in our country today take the real heroes?

Archimandrite Tikhon: Yes, that’s really the eternal question! .. This was still the case for Chatsky at Griboedov’s torment: "Where, tell us, fathers of the fatherland, / which should we take as samples?"

Major Sergey Solnechnikov. Major in / h 53790 in DalVO. Hero of Russia.

Let's just remember at what time Chatsky throws this rebuke to Russia? In 1827, it seems, Griboyedov read the completed manuscript in St. Petersburg. And what, then there really was no one who could serve as a noble example and a high "model"?

But it was precisely in these years that Pushkin's genius flourished. Baratynsky and Zhukovsky worked. Karamzin accomplished a scientific and literary feat by publishing "The History of the Russian State" in the language of modern Russian literature. Bellingshausen and Lazarev discovered Antarctica in 1820. During the years of writing "Woe from Wit" Lobachevsky created non-Euclidean geometry. In painting - Venitsianov, Bryullov, Kiprensky. In music - Glinka, Alyabyev. Not to mention our great warriors - generals, officers and soldiers who expelled Napoleon and reached Paris! Can't they be "mistaken for samples" too? And Speransky, Uvarov? Yes, the same Decembrists, if someone wanted to take an example from them, were also, as they say, at hand.

How can you answer people who at all times think about Russia, like Chatsky? What is this strikingly short-sighted position? The answer is simple, and it was given to us by the same Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin in one of his letters to Vyazemsky. He wrote about the main character of "Woe from Wit": "Chatsky is not at all an intelligent person!"

There are no heroes ... Yes, just over the past year, two of our soldiers covered grenades with their bodies to save the soldiers. Do we remember their names?

Without looking at the Internet, no.

Archimandrite Tikhon: In fact of the matter. Major Sergei Solnechnikov and Sergeant Evgeny Epov. And how is their feat different from the feat of Alexander Matrosov? And after all, we can cite many examples - people perform real feats - both military, and state, and scientific, and labor.

What should we do about them?

Archimandrite Tikhon:  “Must” is not a good word. When we talked about the highest values, we did not mention one of the highest and certainly the most noble human quality - gratitude. Only a very few high souls cultivate this rare and beautiful feeling in themselves. The skill of sincere gratitude must be patiently and, most importantly, delicately taught to both children and adults. This applies to individuals and the whole society. One cannot demand gratitude towards oneself — this is extremely vulgar — but it is possible and vital to instill in people the ability to be grateful to those who truly deserve it.

There is only one commandment, for the fulfillment of which God promises a definite reward: "Honor your father and mother, and you will be long on earth." The same applies to the life of peoples and societies. Look how many centuries and even millennia live, despite any cataclysms, countries where the veneration of ancestors and national heroes has been built into an unshakable tradition and widespread custom. And on the contrary, as soon as the country begins to boldly destroy the traditions of the ancestors and denigrate the best sons and daughters of its people, rapid degradation and decay are inevitable.

People who have embodied the best qualities of man, the way God intended him, the best qualities of their people - this is the greatest jewel of any country. It is they - the famous and the unknown - the greatest heritage of Russia. No efforts of the state and society can be considered excessive if they are aimed at gratitude and not letting genuine manifestations of heroism pass unnoticed.

How many times have we read in the newspapers about how, in some provincial town, right on the boulevard, in front of everyone's eyes, some scoundrels grabbed a girl, dragged her into a car, and a fellow botanist who passed by stood up and was killed for this. How many such messages ... But this guy is a real, true hero! And what about us? Well, a small note will appear in the regional newspaper. Well, someone will grin: "fool, there was nothing to climb." Someone will sympathize - "sorry for the guy." And that's all. And we will again be surprised at the passivity, cowardice, indecision of our youth ...

It is unlikely that such stories come to the attention of the governors, for example.

Archimandrite Tikhon: The trouble if this is true. The glorification of heroes has always been the task of the first persons. Do we want our young men to be courageous and not get used to cowardice? We want them to not let their passionate eastern peers (who, by the way, have no shortage of heroes for example in life) push around themselves in the army? Would you not pass one by one by drooping your eyes when a girl is insulted next to her? If in the park where the tragedy occurred, put a monument to this dead "botanist" - a true Russian hero, if the governor gathers the whole city for the opening of the monument, then life for local scoundrels will not be so safe: the grateful memory of the heroes can inspire even timid ones.

The governors will tell you that they have too little time to do such things.

Archimandrite Tikhon: Do you think the President of the United States has a lot of it? But every year he meets with the firefighters who extinguished the skyscrapers on September 11. He personally comes because he knows that this is part of his most important ministry. Why take distant examples - March 1 was the anniversary of the feat of officers and soldiers of the 6th Airborne Company. President Putin arrived in Pskov specifically to honor their memory. Yes, the story was shown on television. And all ... the media "worked" and forgotten. Ask the young if they know about this, without any exaggeration, the unparalleled feat of the paratroopers? Here we have absolutely no thoughtful, systematic work.

Or, perhaps, we really are not the most suitable time for the heroes?

Archimandrite Tikhon:  In the twenties and thirties, during the Great Depression in the United States, the situation in this sense was even more bad, that really is the most unsuitable time for heroes. It seemed that they were not around and could not be. What did the Americans do? Realizing that it is in such timelessness that the carriers of the most important, eternal values ​​are especially needed, they nevertheless found a hero. Whom? - a simple shepherd. Cowboy. On him, on this image, the burden of transmitting the traditions and spiritual and moral values ​​of the American people was essentially laid.

He gave birth to good associations: freedom, responsibility, strength, skill of his craft ...

Archimandrite Tikhon: Yes, and also nobility, courage, optimism, patience, kindness, a sense of justice, sacrifice. And for many years he has performed well as a "hero function."

But this is mainly a hero of cinema, culture. For all the importance of such examples for education, everything seems to be clear with them. But what are the heroes of history? .. Right now there is a tense discussion about what the textbook of Russian history should be like. Is it possible, at all, to have a unified approach to such a controversial subject as history, is it not a utopia?

Archimandrite Tikhon: In the Church of Christ, when a common decision must be taken by people of very different positions and views, we are guided by our ancient Christian principle: "In the main, unity, in the secondary, freedom, in everything, love."

Maybe the discussion participants will listen to this?

Archimandrite Tikhon: For two decades now we have been looking for a national idea. So far we have stopped at the fact that this is patriotism. Of course, it is so, but any final formulations, unfortunately, sooner or later become commonplace, they are always limited and vulnerable, almost always annoyingly ideologized. Such formulations inevitably change depending on changes in the state system, then in the direction of policy. But there are eternal and highest values ​​and human qualities, such as faith, honor, nobility, justice, striving for truth, service to one's cause, labor in revealing the talents given to man by God, sacrifice, kindness, love for people, love for one's own Fatherland and loyalty to it. Not a formula for a national idea, but people who embody these best and successive spiritual qualities in our thousand-year history and express the goal and national idea of ​​Russia. And the people, by and large, never formulate their national idea, but they accurately determine its carriers.

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17 comments
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  1. +3
    April 2 2013 06: 15
    and I’m proud that I live in this country, among such people, the same Americans are capable of feats only in the movies
    1. bask
      +3
      April 2 2013 07: 43
      Unknown heroes. They covered the grenades with their bodies and rescued the fighters. Do we remember them?

      RUSSIA REMEMBER ITS HEROES. !!!
      Y. BUDANOV-- HERO OF RUSSIA ,, KILLED ,,

      COLONEL .V. KVACHKOV ,,, sentenced ,, to -13 years in prison

      WHAT MORE EXAMPLES ARE NEEDED.
      Under the current liberal-tolerant government, the betrayal of the national interests of the people ... is the norm of their life,
      1. +3
        April 2 2013 09: 05
        Quote: ...
        It hurts me to talk about it today, but I have to say about it.


        He stole and he was ashamed .... Start with ministers, for example, so that it doesn’t hurt, so that the soldiers see that the thief is in prison
        1. Piterkras
          +1
          April 2 2013 09: 22
          The soldiers themselves steal only on the road. Just much smaller. From kapterok and car parks so much of everything goes to the left, which is just horror.
        2. 0
          April 2 2013 09: 33
          Quote: Vadivak

          He stole and he was ashamed .... Start with ministers, for example, so that it doesn’t hurt, so that the soldiers see that the thief is in prison

          Duc is not 37 years old. It’s time for the president to get attached not to the oligarchs, but to the heroes of the country, and they have to smear all this full-time press and TV channels without officially closing them. The church also needs to change its behavior and take examples of modesty from Pope Francis.
        3. -1
          April 2 2013 11: 34
          while at the head of the country is liberalist. there will be no order.

      2. Piterkras
        +4
        April 2 2013 09: 21
        And you would personally be ready to die for Kvachkov’s ideas, eh? Or, as always, would the party try to sit out?
        1. 120352
          -1
          April 2 2013 12: 15
          And you? Personally, I - YES! Not for Kvachkov, for Russia. And now he is suffering for Russia. There is no greater honor for a man!
          1. Troitsky
            +1
            April 2 2013 13: 40
            and would start shooting at Russian people and Russian OMON in order for other people to come to power who are not the fact that they will be better than the current ones?
  2. +2
    April 2 2013 06: 23
    But the question of the "deheroization" carried out is really not idle. The country and especially its young people need heroes, otherwise they will begin to "look" at strangers. Just do not make mistakes made in the past. Our heroes, for the most part, are the most ordinary people with both good and negative sides. Our propaganda, however, always presented them as such "knights without fear and reproach, and even in all that is white," which our opponents used ... Yes, this is what our people are good at and different from others, that in difficult times he does not think not about glory and worldly things, just stand up for protection, but you also need to "lay your belly for your friend and Fatherland ..."
  3. +2
    April 2 2013 06: 30
    But there are eternal and higher values ​​and human qualities, such as faith, honor, nobility, justice, striving for truth, service to one’s business, work in revealing talents given to man by God, sacrifice, kindness, love for people, love for one’s Fatherland and loyalty to him

    There remains only one problem, how to convey all this to youth, when everything around is exactly the opposite. The highest ranks should themselves say and tell that house2 is nonsense, but on the contrary we have everything. It’s enough to watch the New Year’s releases on all channels, they will not show the sergeant, they will show Kirkorov, reveling in expensive champagne, hung with pants, and everyone can see it. After such advertising, try to instill in the person the above request
  4. Svobodny
    +2
    April 2 2013 07: 20
    Is it weak to rename the streets of Yakov Sverdlov or Rosa Luxemburg, which are in every city of the Russian Federation, into the streets of Major Solnechnikov, for example? Or they will again say "Sverdlov is our history", "Don't touch our history."
    National IDEA must somehow be expressed materially. Heroes walk around us, here and now, but we don’t want to notice this, delirious with false ideals or just delirious.
  5. 416sd
    -3
    April 2 2013 08: 21
    Sverdlov and Luxembourg can be sent to hell and it is necessary.
    Only I’m afraid they won’t stop in time, they’ll roll over.

    But I think that Volgograd must be renamed for sure - you yourself know what ....
    1. 120352
      -4
      April 2 2013 12: 17
      Naturally what, in Tsaritsyn! For comrade Stalin in those places was already very much devoted and shed a lot of blood, both his own and others. However, pouring blood, not his own, of course, is a usual thing for him.
      1. +2
        April 2 2013 12: 53
        Quote: 120352
        For comrade Stalin in those places was very much devoted and shed a lot of blood, both his own and others

        Do not know the story - keep quiet. Better yet, search Google for an article on why residents of Tsaritsin filed a petition for their city to be renamed Stalingrad! Then you will not post nonsense.
    2. bezumnyiPIT
      0
      April 2 2013 12: 57
      And Peter to Leningrad, and Naberezhnye Chelny to Brezhnev! it's time to abandon the renaming, the reason for which is someone's nostalgia for youth. Yes, and not the main name
  6. +2
    April 2 2013 08: 22
    It seems to me that the exploits are just in that sphere, which is not visible to everyone, but absolutely necessary for everyone. And the heroes, real ones, are not appreciated as a rule. But protrusion is another matter ... Look who the Hero of Russia has received recently ..And some secretly. Let's see what happens with the Hero of Labor
    1. 0
      April 2 2013 09: 37
      Quote: smel
      it does not seem that the exploits are just in that sphere, which is not visible to everyone, but absolutely necessary for everyone. And the heroes, real ones, are not generally appreciated. But protrusion is another matter ... Look who the Hero of Russia has received recently ..And some secretly. Let's see what happens with the Hero of Labor

      Well, the first hero of the work will be posthumously Shandybin, and the second, third, Vekselberg with Chubais.
    2. 0
      April 2 2013 11: 37
      Quote: smel
      It seems to me that the exploits are just in that sphere, which is not visible to everyone, but absolutely necessary for everyone. And the heroes, real ones, are not appreciated as a rule. But protrusion is another matter ... Look who the Hero of Russia has received recently ..And some secretly. Let's see what happens with the Hero of Labor

  7. +5
    April 2 2013 10: 50
    Victory Bell
    Representatives of historical and search organizations supported the initiative of the Vice Prime Minister of Ukraine Oleksandr Vilkul to create the “Victory Bells” for the 70 anniversary of the Great Victory. “The bell will be cast from the fragments and shell shells and cartridges collected by the search engines of Ukraine, Russia and Belarus on the battlefields of World War II,” said Alexander Vilkul. “The echoes of this bell will always remind us of the Great Victory.” About those millions of soldiers and officers who have won the right to life for us with their lives. ”
    At the international conference “Memory is Alive!” Search engines came up with a proposal to establish the “Victory Bell” at the place where the borders of Ukraine, Russia and Belarus meet, the Government portal reports.
    The conference was attended by the leaders of historical search organizations of three countries.
    “There is still a lot of work. For example, in the Sofievsky district of the Dnipropetrovsk region, there is a height where the High Farm was once located. According to historians, from December 1943 to January 1944, more than 40 thousand soldiers and officers of the Red Army died here. 15 of thousands of people have been officially recognized dead, but the names of only one and a half thousand people are placed on the mass grave, ”said Vice-Prime Minister of Ukraine Oleksandr Vilkul.
    An important area of ​​activity of search engines is the creation of museums in memory of the Great Patriotic War in schools and enterprises, the holding of international memory watches. Students and schoolchildren take part in these Shifts, who, under the guidance of experienced instructors, conduct search work at battle sites.
    “And when a young man sees with his own eyes the mountains of shells in an excavated dugout or trench and realizes that here his great-great-grandfather may have fought with his enemies to the last drop of blood, then a more powerful, respectful attitude to the events of those years appears in his soul,” said Alexander Vilkul, - "This is a real example of patriotic education, which is being revived."
    http://news2000.com.ua/news/sobytija/v-ukraine/227161
    xxxxx
    Well, at least something good will come from Ukraine! And don't let it stop!
    Article +++++!
  8. Yastreb
    0
    April 2 2013 14: 03
    This question must be redirected to the Ministry of Culture and the Ministry of Education.
    In general, the interaction of our ministries is incomprehensible.
    It seems that in history textbooks on the coverage of the Second World War, nothing has changed dramatically (correct if I am mistaken), while NS Mikhalkov removes his "masterpieces" about the Great War at public expense.
    In a message dated 21/03/2013 http://www.itar-tass.com/c1/682871.html - Nikita Mikhalkov was re-elected to the post of chairman of the Union of Cinematographers of the Russian Federation ?! Why were finances allocated for this "project" and not for military-patriotic education of young people, for example?
    And Colonel Kvachkov honestly expressed his point of view and called for changes - "... Vladimir Kvachkov appealed the decision of the court, which sentenced him to 13 years in prison for attempting to organize an armed rebellion. RIA Novosti reported on 18 February."
  9. +1
    April 2 2013 14: 22
    Remember! 3 Toast is always for you guys !!!

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