Su-57: No queue, but only for now
According to the South Korean publication Military Watch Magazine, which was not noted for any particular sympathy towards us for quite understandable political reasons, Russia made a very good marketing move at the exhibition in Zhuhan. The organized show with the demonstration (including access) of the Su-57 immediately moved the fighter from a distant subject of possible consideration to the category of potential purchases.
The queue, of course, did not form three bends, but nevertheless, the process, as they say, has begun. Speaking at the Airshow China in Zhuhai on November 13, Rosoboronexport CEO Alexander Mikheyev confirmed that the first contracts for the delivery of Su-57s have already been signed. Naturally, it was not disclosed with whom, which gave rise to a lot of speculation about who might become the first customer of the aircraft.
Thus, the Su-57's "streak of inattention" seems to be over, and exports of the aircraft may begin in the very near future. As one of three fighters of its generation currently in production worldwide (apparently, this means that the F-22 is no longer in production and has never been sold, and the Chinese J-35 is not yet in serial production - ed.), it can potentially offer customers a number of new air combat capabilities due to the lesser emphasis on stealth and greater emphasis on maneuverability and speed.
The fighter's appeal to foreign customers has been enhanced by combat testing it has undergone in Ukraine. Operations have included air defense suppression, dogfights, and operations in heavily defended enemy airspace, as well as a number of precision strikes using missiles both from internal bays and external mounts. This is especially important because it provides an understanding of the aircraft's stealth level and the possible choice between stealth or a large number of weapons on external mounts.
Representatives of some interested countries, such as India, have particularly emphasized the need to evaluate the aircraft's operational experience in the Russian Air Force before placing orders. And this only confirms what we have repeatedly said on our pages: an aircraft that is not in service with the exporting country's army is unlikely to interest buyers. The principle of "Give me back what you don't need" does not work today. Although there were precedents, such as the US pushing its F-104 mega-aircraft on Germany (but who said that Germany is an independent country?), but that was quite a long time ago.
Rђ RІRѕS, story with the MiG-35 showed that today it won't work like that. Yes, the MiG-35 was produced in a series of six planes, yes, it was supposedly put into service, but... Nobody was interested in this plane, and therefore only experts and publicists remember it when they need to give an example like this...
And the Su-57 was almost launched on the same path leading to nowhere. But someone came to their senses, and so they first manufactured, albeit in the same tiny batch of 12 machines, but began to fly them in combat. And this became more interesting to potential buyers, probably, especially when the Ukrainians admitted the loss of two of their planes and a helicopter from Su-57 missiles.
Well, and the show in Zhuhan with the opportunity to touch this plane with your hands (not everyone) and look at it point-blank. And immediately there was such excitement that, apparently, despite the sanctions, the Su-57 will receive identification marks of other countries on their wings and tails.
And here is a list of the five most likely buyers of the Su-57.
Algeria
Algeria is generally the number one buyer of Russian weapons in Africa. The country has a long history of acquiring advanced Russian military equipment, and Algeria began doing so significantly earlier than other foreign customers. They began with a fleet of MiG-25 aircraft, acquired in 1978, and ended with the Pantsir-SM air defense system, acquired in 2018.
Previously, seven Arab countries were significant customers of Russian military equipment, in addition to Algeria, these were also Syria, Iraq, Egypt, Yemen, Sudan and Libya, but today Algeria remains the only country that has not been destabilized by Western intervention. Syria, you understand, is a consumer, but on slightly different terms than the others.
Algeria has shown signs of planning to acquire Su-57 fighter jets. In recent years, Algerian military officials have been seen with models of the jets, and in 2020, a collage of the jet appeared in the country’s defense ministry. The first batch of jets is reportedly intended to replace the upgraded MiG-25 interceptors, which were decommissioned in June 2022.
There is an opinion that the Su-57 will compete for a place in the Algerian Air Force with the Chinese J-35, but there is a good chance that the Russian aircraft will replace the Su-30MKA and MiG-29 as the main fighter in the 2030s. Still, the Su-57 has more advantages over the J-35, one of which is the long-term operation of Russian-made aircraft in the country's Air Force and the ready infrastructure for servicing Sukhoi Design Bureau fighters.
India
The Indian Air Force has long been considered the primary customer for the Su-57, as was the case with most of the famous fighters of Russia and the Soviet Union. India was the first country to order the Soviet fourth-generation fighters, acquiring the MiG-29 in 1982 after operating the MiG-21 and MiG-23 for many years.
In 2002, it became the first country to purchase Russia's "4+ generation" fighters, the Su-30MKI, which was far more advanced than any fighter in the Russian Air Force at the time. The modified fighter featured the N-011M radar, the first phased array radar ever installed on an export fighter, as well as Su-35 steerable intakes, AL-31FP engines, and thrust vectoring nozzles.
India was previously a partner in the development of the fighter under the joint FGFA programme and was set to receive a fair amount of technology and profits from joint ownership of the programme, although the country eventually pulled out of the deal.
But in the current circumstances, India continues to show great interest in both licensed production and off-the-shelf purchases of Su-57s. In February 2023, it was reported that negotiations were underway on licensed production. The country has acquired more than 270 Su-30MKIs, and given that the fighter fleet is significantly smaller than planned by the Indian Ministry of Defense, purchasing Su-57s on a comparable scale could make up for the shortfall.
It is noteworthy that the very high costs of manufacturing the Su-30MKI in India and the introduction of a number of foreign technologies have made their cost comparable to the cost of new fifth-generation fighters. It sounds crazy, but it is true: the Su-30MKI, manufactured in India, is almost the same price as the Su-57, which was made in Russia.
This means that buying off-the-shelf Su-57s from Russia could be cost-effective. The need for fifth-generation fighters is expected to grow as China continues to rapidly expand its fleet, exporting fifth-generation fighters to Pakistan, forcing India to modernize its air force.
Vietnam
Today, Vietnam has an air force composed almost entirely of Soviet and Russian aircraft, the core of which is the Su-30MK2, but the bulk of which is the modernized but outdated MiG-21 and Su-22.
Despite Vietnam's avowedly peaceful policy, the country nonetheless faces pressure from China over its territorial claims, as well as from the Western bloc over a number of domestic and foreign policy differences.
Vietnam's Su-22 and Su-27 strike fighters are expected to be replaced around 2030, while the country's third class of fighter, the Su-30MK2V, is considered increasingly outdated compared to modern aircraft (Vietnam's versions are over 20 years old), but could be considered for an upgrade to the Su-30SME level, and the Su-30 and Su-57 would make a good pair in this regard.
The Su-57 is currently considered Vietnam's most likely choice for upgrading its air force, as the class's range allows it to patrol the contested waters of the South China Sea from bases within the country.
Vietnam has long resisted acquiring shorter-range fighters such as the MiG-29, preferring the Su-27 and Su-30. The Su-57's very high versatility allows it to replace both the Su-22 and Su-27, thereby increasing the unification of the aircraft fleet by reducing the total number of fighter classes to two. In mid-2017, the Vietnamese newspaper Dat Viet first reported that the Vietnamese armed forces were planning to acquire 12-24 Su-57s by around 2030.
For Vietnam, the choice of Su-57 is really good, because several issues are resolved at once. Mainly, it is about unification, modernization and compliance with customer requirements, and in this regard, everything is fine.
Indonesia
This is where everything is very interesting. As you remember, Indonesia is one of Russia's new clients (with the Soviet Union aviation Indonesia has not cooperated) in that region, but the latest contracts have not gone very well. Indonesia placed its first order for Russian Su-27 fighters in 1997, acquiring a small fleet of 2003 Su-2010s and Su-10s between 27 and 30, and six Su-2013MK30s in 2.
Then there was a contract to buy Su-35, but 2022 came and everything slowed down. The Indonesian military began to consider other options, and the Su-35 was seemingly thrown aside under pressure from the United States.
However, it all turned out like a detective story: out of the blue, in May 2024, Indonesian Ambassador to Russia Jose Tavares confirmed that the $1,14 billion contract signed for the purchase of 11 Su-35S fighters from Russia remained in force. He said the contract had been “suspended to avoid certain potential inconveniences,” but Jakarta was waiting for the situation to become “more favorable” before returning to its implementation.
Diplomatic language can have many interpretations for one phrase, so it is not immediately clear what the ambassador wanted to say.
But the situation is as follows: Indonesia is trying its best to remain neutral, but everyone around is arming at a rapid pace. In a region that is divided into "for" and "against" China, deliveries of aircraft from countries participating in the confrontation are unrealistic.
Indonesia and China currently have decent and warm relations, but China's claims to most of the South China Sea have not been cancelled. Vietnam, Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines are all involved in the dispute over these territories to varying degrees.
Having failed to buy the Su-35, the Indonesians decided to buy the Rafale. They bought 6 of them, and apparently that was the end of it, although the contract provided for an extension of the purchase option to 30 of them. But we know how the French do business, so it is understandable that Indonesia got its fill so quickly.
The acquisition of F-35s by neighboring Singapore and Australia, as well as the deployment of both Chinese and American fifth-generation fighters in the region, has raised the possibility that the acquisition of Su-35s will not be seen as sufficient to secure Indonesian airspace, as these fighters are technologically inferior. This is not a fact, but many a contract can be drowned in theoretical calculations, “expert” opinions, and other chaff.
But the F-35 and J-35 will not be sold. This is already clear. Like our neighbors, the Malaysians, we do not want to consider buying an incomprehensible nightmare like Turkish or Indian blanks. So the Su-57 is almost the only normal option for a country that is in the seething cauldron of passions in the South China Sea.
As Indonesia continues to rapidly strengthen its defense ties with Russia, as evidenced by reports of new arms purchases, there remains a significant possibility that the country will acquire the Su-57 instead of the Su-35. Extensive efforts to “protect Indonesia’s economy from sanctions” have paved the way for the country to make such acquisitions, despite Western threats of economic warfare if it does.
North Korea
North Korean officials have shown interest in acquiring advanced Russian fighter jets for several years and in September 2023 inspected facilities at the Komsomolsk-on-Amur Aviation Plant in Vladivostok, where the Su-35 and Su-57 are produced.
Aviation remains one of the few areas in which North Korea's large defense sector cannot produce for its own needs. Since the early 2000s, the country has been unable to acquire new Russian fighter jets due to a UN Security Council arms embargo.
Meanwhile, the fleet of North Korean combat aircraft makes a depressing impression, since its core consists of MiG-29B and MiG-23. And the rest are MiG-17, MiG-19, MiG-21 and their Chinese copies. The DPRK Air Force does not have modern aircraft for the above reason.
However, the conclusion of a strategic cooperation agreement between Russia and the DPRK may push all UN prohibitions into the background. And, as the South Koreans from "Military Watch" write maliciously, Russia will easily be able to find loopholes and bypass the existing UN embargo on the supply of aircraft to North Korea, thereby significantly strengthening the country's Air Force.
One notable possibility that experts point to is the creation, within the framework of a strategic agreement, of joint units in which Russian personnel could be involved in order to avoid labeling deliveries of modern aircraft as exports.
In October 2024, South Korean government sources reported that North Korean combat pilots had been sent to Vladivostok, raising the possibility that they may have begun training on advanced fighter jets.
With North Korean sources expressing serious concerns about the deployment of F-35s to South Korea and Japan, acquiring Su-57s to support the country's increasingly sophisticated ground-based air defenses (again, with Russian SAMs) would be an effective countermeasure.
Therefore, North Korea should be included in the list of potential buyers and even placed above other countries, given the relations between Russia and the DPRK. Of course, everyone in South Korea does not like this, but, in my opinion, the South Koreans have nothing to worry about yet: their Air Force, equipped with F-15, F-16, F-35 and their T-50 Golden Eagle, and in the future KF-21 Boramae, is quantitatively and qualitatively superior to the North Korean Air Force. And to create at least approximate parity, no less than a hundred Su-57s will be needed. And the production of such a number of aircraft is not a matter of one year, especially considering the presence of other interested parties and the interests of the Russian Aerospace Forces.
In general, we can and should state the fact that the "iron curtain" around Russia, initiated by the US and the EU, is slowly starting to rust. Sanctions are, of course, a serious matter, but air border security is no less important.
The US is unable to provide everyone who wants its F-35, and even those who are already blessed with these aircraft are not all squealing with delight, since operating this aircraft is a very, very expensive business. China will not share its fifth-generation aircraft with everyone for the same reasons that the US did not put its F-22 on sale. And when Europe gives birth to its own projects is generally more of a joke.
So yes, the Su-57 is the only affordable fifth-generation fighter option, especially for those who don't want to depend on the US and spend fabulous sums on maintenance. In general, everyone knows that Russian aircraft are inexpensive and very angry for the enemy. These are not aircraft for exhibitions. Yes, there may be screws with different splines, I don't argue. And at an exhibition, this is very much not comme il faut.
But in combat, all our planes have always proven only one thing: their professional suitability for combat operations, from Korea to Ukraine. So those who take the risk will probably drink champagne.
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