In the recent past, Nizhny Tagil tank the plant released a new model of the main battle tank called the Tagil T-90MS. The tank immediately attracted attention with interesting technical solutions that were not previously used on mass-produced domestic vehicles. It looks very impressive and modern - the design, although not from the Pininfarina studio, was definitely a success. The tank can claim the right to be considered one of the most powerful tanks in the world today.
It would be very curious to analyze the design of this tank as far as possible. Find out what the designers did right and what did not, and what further improvements are possible in the design of this interesting machine.
Brief characteristics of T-90MS are as follows:
Dimensions:
- Mass 48 tons.
- Length 9530 mm.
- Width 3780 mm.
- Height 2228 mm.
Armament:
- The gun-launcher 125-mm 2А46М-5 or 125-mm 2А82 - the main fighting means of the tank, designed to destroy all types of ground, surface (within reach) and low-speed air targets. Ammunition 40 artillery shells of various types: BOPS, OFS, KS or guided missiles (UR) 9K119М Reflex-M.
- 7,62-mm 6P7K machine gun (PKTM), paired with a cannon. It is designed to combat the enemy manpower, which is within the angles of fire of the main armament. The machine gun is paired with a gun and has the same firing sector. Ammunition 2000 of 7,62mmx54R cartridges of various types. This weapon is installed in a completely new tower of circular rotation with a developed zabashhennoy niche.
- Remotely controlled machine gun installation T05BV-1 with 7,62-mm machine gun 6P7K (PKTM). Designed to fight the enemy's manpower, which is sheltered or higher than the main artillery shelling sector, for example, on the upper floors of buildings, on steep mountain slopes. Either below the sector of shelling of the main armament, in shelters, dugouts, or directly at the tank in the so-called. "Dead zone" for a tank gun and a machine gun paired with it. Thus, according to the designers, the combat stability of the tank should be ensured in cramped and urban combat conditions. Ammunition 800 of 7,62mmx54R cartridges of various types.
Fire control, surveillance and target detection systems:
- Fully digital, highly automated automated control system “Kalina” with integrated BIUS. Thermal and television devices intended, including, for circular observation.
Security:
- Multi-layer combined armor of the latest scheme in the frontal part.
- Spaced booking in the side section.
- The latest built-in dynamic protection "Relic".
- Local protection of ammunition.
- Activities that reduce the thermal and noise signature of the tank.
Mobility:
- Multi-fuel diesel engine V12 В-92С2Ф2 with power 1130л.с. (831kW) + automatic transmission.
- Power supply ~ 23l.s./t.
- Maximum speed 60-65 km / h on the highway.
- Power reserve 500 km.
The tank was created on the basis of previous modifications: T-90A and T-90С. Now let's understand in more detail what differences we see on this machine. What immediately catches the eye can be listed by points:
1. New tower with a developed feed niche.
2. New 125-mm gun 2A82.
3. New dynamic protection "Relic".
4. The complex of active protection of the KAZT “Arena-E” tank is absent on the tank.
5. The set of optical-electronic suppression of the CEP "Blind" on the tank is missing.
6. Finally, the tank received a normal rigid armored hull, the “Relic” generously “arched” with elements of dynamic protection (DZ) and latticed screens in the rear part.
7. Anti-aircraft gun with a large-caliber 12,7-mm machine gun NSVT sunk into oblivion. It was replaced by a new machine gun with an 7,62-mm 6P7K machine gun.
8. Somewhat more powerful engine In-92C2F2 + automatic transmission.
9. The tank received an additional power unit in an armored container, mounted in the rear of the hull on the left.
What else can you say about this car?
1. The case, like the previous modifications, mainly remained from the T-72.
2. The chassis also does not show significant differences from the T-72.
3. The new “Kalina” SUO is clearly superior to the 1А45Т “Irtysh” of the T-90А tank.
Now we will try to analyze all these points. What was done and what could theoretically be done in my opinion. So, let's begin.
Comment specialist. The sample of the upgraded main battle tank T-2011С shown at the REA-90 weapons exhibition was primarily aimed at foreign customers, therefore, part of the systems mounted on it was for export. In this regard, I would like to point the author to the fact that the 125-mm 2-82 cannon is not put on the export tank, the 2-46-5 gun is installed on it.
As for the dynamic protection kit, 4C22 elements are installed on this tank, since 4C23 is not allowed for export.
The author complains in vain about the lack of an active protection system for the Arena-E tank, as it can be installed upon the customer’s request. Similarly, at the customer's request, the TShU-1-2М system can be installed. In addition, the upgraded T-90С is equipped with the SPMZ-2E electromagnetic protection system (SEMP) from mines with magnetic fuses.
About the power unit. While on the tank put the engine B-93 power 1100 hp There is no automatic transmission (automatic transmission), but there is an automatic gearshift.
As for the dynamic protection kit, 4C22 elements are installed on this tank, since 4C23 is not allowed for export.
The author complains in vain about the lack of an active protection system for the Arena-E tank, as it can be installed upon the customer’s request. Similarly, at the customer's request, the TShU-1-2М system can be installed. In addition, the upgraded T-90С is equipped with the SPMZ-2E electromagnetic protection system (SEMP) from mines with magnetic fuses.
About the power unit. While on the tank put the engine B-93 power 1100 hp There is no automatic transmission (automatic transmission), but there is an automatic gearshift.
New tower with a developed feed niche
As done. At first glance, the tower looks vulnerable compared to the T-90A or T-72B towers. Most likely, this is the case. The T-72B and T-90A towers were of relatively small size and special shape. The stern vulnerable part of the tower was narrowed and closed with a powerful armored front part within course angles ± 30º. And even such towers managed to punch from the RPG and ATGM into the most vulnerable feeding zones. Needless to say, getting into the aft or onboard part of the T-90MS tower, which is the size of the Leopard-2 or Abrams tower, is not a problem at all. Thus, in terms of security, the aft part of the T-90MS tower is inferior to the security of the towers of all previous tanks of the T-72 model line.
It would seem - a clear regress? By no means. The fact is that the result of penetration of the stern or rear side of the T-72B tower, very often, was a fire or detonation of the ammunition set (BC) and, respectively, partially or completely dead crew. It's all about the location of the BC: in all T-72 series tanks, as well as in T-90, T-90C and T-90А only 22 shots of separate cartouche loading are located under the combat compartment (AM) of the carousel type This carousel, in contrast to the loading mechanism (MH) of the T-64 and T-80 tanks, is relatively well protected: in front of the most powerful frontal armor of the hull, in the back - by the engine, from the sides - supporting rollers and side screens. In addition, the terrain screen itself rarely allows you to hit a tank in the lower part of a regiment of combat.
The problem was mainly in the placement of the rest of the BC. These 23-26 shots with projectiles or SD were located literally everywhere: on the floor, on the walls of the hull, and practically throughout the entire rear hemisphere of the tower. The limited internal space of the T-72 tank simply does not allow placing this firepower that does not fit into the AZ carousel, somewhere else. As a result, this "non-mechanized" ammunition most often ignites or detonates - this is how lucky you are (it is not yet known what is worse).
You can argue, they say, on old tanks T-34-85, KV-85, T-54, T-55, EC-3 and T-10, the ammunition kit was located approximately the same. In this case, the comparison is inappropriate. The ammunition of these tanks consisted of unitary shots. The powder charge was placed in a metal sleeve and the fire hazard of these old machines was incomparably lower. And the charges in the partially burning T-72 sleeve are ready to flare from any contact of the cumulative jet.
The way out of this situation can be like this - do not take into battle that part of the ammunition set, which is located in a non-mechanized ammunition. But then you have to rely only on those 22 shots that are in the carousel AZ. Often they did. But this, of course, does not suit either tank crews, or self-respecting designers. The problem was finally solved in the T-90MS tank: the roundabout on the 22 shot was left, additionally protecting it with local reservations, and the remaining 18 shots were placed in the stern niche of the tower, providing it with expelling panels like the Abrams and Leopard-2. If desired, these 18 shots can also not take with you. In the context of urban combat, it will probably be better to do so.
As a result: in spite of the fact that the T-90MS tower has become more vulnerable to enemy fire than the predecessor towers - T-72B or T-90А, the survivability of the tank, and more importantly, the crew survival rate, has become incomparably higher. The level of survivability of the T-90MS and the survival of its crew in the event of a tank defeat in principle began to correspond to Western tanks. Another plus of such a tower is greater comfort and greater internal space of the habitable compartment of the tank.
Stern niche of the tower T-90MS
How could it be done. Apparently, no way. If you do not take into account any extravagant innovations, then other technical solutions to this tank are not suitable. The old Soviet layout with the placement of the whole BC, along with the crew, has become obsolete. And to place the whole BC in the feed niche following the example of “Abrams” from a certain point of view is unwise and within the limits of the given mass in 50 tons it is practically unrealizable. So off.
Comment specialist. The author is greatly mistaken in drawing conclusions about the decrease in the security of the turret of the new tank. The tower projected onto the plane still provides protection within the course angle 30 degrees, and from the stern it is securely closed with an armored box.
In general, the combat compartment of the upgraded T-90С tank, including the turret, is far less vulnerable than its predecessors. In other words, the whole paragraph about the new turret of the tank contains a lot of reasoning about the one that does not exist.
Refinement on the location of the ammunition. The 22 shots automatic loader, 8 shots in non-mechanized installation at the MTO partition and 10 shots in an armored box isolated from the fighting compartment at the stern of the tower.
New 125-mm gun 2А82
As done. The most powerful 125-mm smoothbore gun of the latest design 2А82 is a completely new development. It is believed that this gun is significantly superior to the previous 125-mm guns of the 2А46 series, the 122-mm threaded 2А17 and 120-mm NATO Rhinemetal guns with 44 and 55 barrel calibers. 2А82 surpasses them both in accuracy and in power of fire. The same applies to the Chinese 125-mm cannon tank ZTZ-99A2 (Type-99A2), which is only an improved "pirated" version of 2A46. However, the former 90-mm gun 125А2М46, which is installed on the T-5А, can apparently be installed on the T-90MS. From this we can conclude that the tanks with the new 2А82 cannon will be supplied to the Russian army, while the 2А46М5 will be equipped with tanks for export. At the same time, knowing the realities of today, it is possible that everyone will do exactly the opposite.
How could it be done. Numerous experimental electrochemical and electromagnetic guns have not yet reached the stage of their installation in a real tank, so we immediately discard them. Alternatively, one could install a new 90-mm or 140-mm cannon on the T-152MS (for example, from an “292 object”). But, in addition to technical difficulties, this could provoke Western countries to a similar modernization of their tanks, which means a new round of the caliber race. So at this stage we decided to develop the 125 mm caliber, which has not yet fully revealed its full potential. A 140-152 mm gun left in reserve. Offset
Comment specialist. It is completely incomprehensible how suddenly the author describes the possibility of installing a 2А82 gun on export tanks. I repeat that this gun is incompatible with ammunition with 2А46 modifications and is prohibited for export.
As for the powerful 152-mm 2А83 guns, which the author proposes to install on the T-90, this is impossible.
As for the powerful 152-mm 2А83 guns, which the author proposes to install on the T-90, this is impossible.
New dynamic protection "Relic"
As done. Dynamic protection of the new generation "Relic" refers to the built-in type DZ. It increases armor resistance to cumulative ammunition 2 times and 1,5 resistance to sub-caliber armor-piercing shells. Front and top DZ closes the tank tightly and without gaps. The weakened zones near the gun are also closed by elements of the DZ. The roof over the hatch of the driver is also closed. This is set off. But there is also a "fly in the ointment": the bottom frontal sheet does not have it. This miscalculation - in the lower front sheet of the tank can be pierced. The T-72B had at least one NDZ contact-1 row. The T-90MS has nothing, although theoretically it is possible to install hinged screens on hinges.
Next - the hull board. It is closed to the MTO itself, as well as that of the T-72B, and then the grid screen goes. T-72B had only rubber-fabric screens, therefore this solution is not better than T-90MS. I will explain. The T-72B and T-72 rubber-fabric screens simply initiated the explosion of a cumulative warhead (warhead) of a rocket-propelled grenade at some distance from the main board armor (70 mm). The lattice screen breaks down the body of a rocket-propelled grenade or an anti-tank guided missile, they collapse against these sharp grates. A warhead may not work at all.
The side of the tower - things are not so good. At T-72B, the tower was closed to a DZ to half the length. The role of protivokumulyatnyh screens of the rear hemisphere was played by boxes of spare parts and accessories of OPT. The T-90MS tower is large and long, there is no DZ on the sides of the aft niche, and in fact there is an ammunition. Another vulnerable area is the hull's stern sheet and the back of the tower. There were cases when a rocket grenade that hit the stern sheet of the hull penetrated the MTO right through the engine and hit the fighting compartment of the tank, and there people and ammunition. It is not noticeable that the designers paid at least some attention to this important aspect of protection on the new T-90MS. In terms of resistance to impact in the rear of the hull, it is no better than the base T-72 "Ural".
How could it be done. To protect the tower and the body along the entire perimeter, including the lower frontal part of the body, with elements of the Remote Device "Relikt". It will increase the mass of the tank slightly, but the defense will become much stronger, and most importantly - from all sides, which plays a huge role in urban battles. In general, despite the clear progress, an unambiguous offset can not be put. Although a clear failure too.
Comment specialist. As for the alleged "miscalculation" of designers who did not protect the lower frontal part of the case. I inform the author that NLD accounts for less than one percent of hits - even from the experience of fighting in a flat desert area. At the same time, the elements of dynamic protection installed on the NLD are definitely damaged when performing any prolonged march off-road.
The author’s statements about the tank’s vulnerability to hitting the side and the stern of the turret do not correspond to reality at all. DZ blocks on the sides of the tower cover the entire projection, and the armor box securely closes the stern.
The author’s statements about the tank’s vulnerability to hitting the side and the stern of the turret do not correspond to reality at all. DZ blocks on the sides of the tower cover the entire projection, and the armor box securely closes the stern.
The complex of active protection of the KAZT [1] "Arena-E" tank is absent
As done. On the newest T-90MS there is no KAZT, and after all similar systems were installed on old T-55AD and T-62D tanks. Sadly, such a necessary tank complex is missing.
How could it be done. Install the latest KAZT on T-90MS. Expensive? The cost of a T-90MS tank exploded from an ATGM or RPG is even greater, not to mention the lives of tankers. No
Comment specialist. Again, I repeat: this is a question for the customer. If there is an order for equipment, a full-fledged KAZT will be installed on the tank without any problems: for the Russian army this is “Afghan”, and for export deliveries - “Arena-E”. Both complexes are mated with Kalina.
A set of opto-electronic suppression COEP [2] "Curtain" on the tank is missing
As done. On the T-90MS there is no CEP “Blind”, although it is on previous models T-90, T-90А, T-90С and even on Iraqi T-72М1. And here it is not. Meanwhile, the thing is useful because it significantly reduces the likelihood of the guided missiles entering the tank.
How could it be done. Install on the tank KEPA "Blind-1". Only not instead of elements DZ, as unsuccessfully made at T-90А, and on them. No
Comment specialist. Same as above: upon request of the customer, this system is installed on the tank without problems.
Hard armored bulwark of the case with elements of DZ "Relic" and lattice screens
As done. At last, our tank received a normal hard armored bulwark, besides generously “flavored” with elements of dynamic protection. This is not the case either on previous versions or on T-72B tanks.
In order to create something up-to-date, you need to catch the correct trend, “where the wind blows,” so to speak, and then attach a ruler to this correct vector and extend the line by 10 lengths of this vector. An example is the heavy tank EC-2. How did it come about? Our designers caught a tendency to increase the caliber of tank guns: from 45 mm to 76 mm and, subsequently, to 85 mm, and from the Germans from 50 mm to 75 mm and, finally, to 88 mm. Without following the saying “an hour a teaspoon”, but simply taking and attaching a ruler to this vector and “extending” it, they immediately put a powerful 122-mm gun, which provided the EC-2 with simply overwhelming superiority in firepower over any tank of the world period
But, unfortunately, this correct approach to design, for some reason did not spread to the onboard screens. I will explain to the reader the meaning and purpose of the onboard screen. Its essence is that the screen initiates the operation of a cumulative warhead at such a distance from the main armor ,. when her piercing power drops sharply. If the screen is rigid and metallic, it also reduces penetration and kinetic ammunition, as it can change the angle of contact of the projectile with the main armor, tear off the “Makarovsky tip” from it, or simply damage the core. Hard steel screens of armor 10-20 mm thick appeared even during the Second World War on the German tanks Pz.IV and Pz.V "Panther", the British "Churchill" and "Centurion". They were on the domestic tanks T-28 and T-35. Since then, our western neighbors have not rushed to abandon them.
Paradoxically, but the fact is that despite the fact that on domestic tanks (T-28 and T-35) these screens appeared in step with the times, their further use and elements of their design in domestic combat vehicles followed a dubious path of development. While most Western tanks had developed and fully “adult” onboard screens, which were already an integral part of their spaced-out booking, we did the same.
On the post-war T-54, T-55 and T-62, there were no side screens at all. All of their onboard reservations consisted of the actual armored hull board with a thickness of 80 mm, which was somewhat shielded by relatively large support rollers. Thus, these types of tanks were an easy target even for the first-generation RPGs. On the EC-3M and a series of powerful tanks of the T-10 family there were such “germs” of onboard screens, which only slightly covered the side from above.
Next - a new generation T-64A tank. On it were six “skinny”, turning “vents” with dubious effectiveness. It was the same at the first T-72. The next stage of the long-suffering path of development of onboard screens of domestic tanks appeared on the T-64B, T-72A and T-80. They finally got a solid 10-mm side screen, BUT - rubber-fabric! It is clear that such screens with a small gain in weight compared with metal, almost do not protect against kinetic shells, it is very easily damaged and torn off, exposing the low-armored side of the hull. After a few touches of obstacles or hits (and the tank as a whole), I don’t even talk about how such a screen looks.
The next stage of evolution - tank T-72B. It has the same rubber-fabric screen as the T-72, but the 4C20 elements of the “Contact-1” dynamic protection elements (up to the MTO zone) were hung over the entire area. This greatly enhanced the protection of the onboard projection of the T-72B tank. But not everything is as good as it seems: the weight of the resulting structure turned out to be a large, thin rubber-cloth screen that bends under the weight of NDZ blocks. After two or three hits from an RPG or an ATGM, all this “economy” can simply fall off with all the ensuing consequences.
On the T-64BV introduced power screens under the side elements of NDZ. This appearance has improved, strength - almost none.
Finally we come to the "flying" tank T-80U. He received an almost normal onboard screen - 10-mm armor with built-in elements of dynamic protection "Contact-5". Why "almost"? Because all this “wealth” reaches only half the length of the corps, and even the vulnerable T-80U combat pack does not overlap with a fully powerful screen. Next to the stern is the same rubber screen, as in the T-72A or T-80.
The T-90 series is generally a regression and a return to almost T-72. Instead of the relatively normal T-80U, T-72B and T-64BV on-board screens, the T-90 has the same screen as the T-72A, and six such “squares” of armor with dynamic protection “Contact-5” - three each board And they do not close the middle of the case opposite the ammunition, which would be logical, but its front part. Strange construction. When the enemy is everywhere, turn his forehead to him will not work.
And now, finally appeared T-90MS. He has a normal armored side screen with grilles in front of MTO. All right
How could it be done. Everything was just as necessary, but it had to be done FORTY years ago - on the T-72 Ural tank! But still - Offset
Old British tank "Centurion". Steel side screens 16mm thick do not bend and make the appearance of this tank "powerful" and quite decent. Good example
The anti-aircraft installation with a large-caliber 12,7-mm NSVT machine gun was taken by a new remote installation with an 7,62-mm machine gun 6П7К
As done. The design of domestic medium and main battle tanks is interesting because with the continuous improvement of the quality of the main weapons, there was no progress at the auxiliary. Auxiliary weapons remain virtually unchanged for decades. The period of searches and experiments in this area for medium tanks remained in the distant past of the military and pre-war years. From T-55 to T-90, auxiliary armament consists of an 7,62-mm machine gun paired with a cannon and an anti-aircraft gun with an 12,7-mm machine gun on the turret roof. Of course, this scheme is outdated and needs to be changed.
On the T-90MS, such an attempt was made, but it was unsuccessful. At the cost of abandoning a large-caliber anti-aircraft installation, the designers tried to adapt the tank to combat in urban environments and to ensure the possibility of an effective fight against enemy manpower, primarily with grenade launchers. To do this, instead of 12,7-mm machine gun set more "smart" and maneuverable anti-personnel machine-gun installation with 7,62-mm machine gun and very large vertical angles of guidance.
What happened? With regards to the zenith component. The tank T-72B in the event of an air threat had at its disposal two echelon of air defense:
1. Long range - provided by guided missiles, allowed to fight with helicopters and other low-speed air targets, the range from 1,5 – 2 to 4 – 5 km.
2. If the target broke through to closer, then a short-range echelon came into play - an anti-aircraft gun with a 12,7-mm machine gun NSVT "Rock". He operated at ranges up to 2 – 2,5 km. Everything is quite logical. The T-90A had an even more advanced remote-controlled anti-aircraft gun, similar to the T-64 and T-80UD.
But the T-90MS tank this "short-range" was cut off, which, without doubt, worsened its protective anti-aircraft properties. To cause any serious damage to the modern attack helicopter, and even more so to bring it down, a 7,62 mm bullet is unlikely. But, maybe, now the tank will successfully fight the enemy infantry nestled in the urban jungle? Also no. The main problem of the tank in such a situation - to see in the window opening of the enemy. At the landfill, the living force is simulated by bright and multi-colored balloons that hang in the window openings. It is not difficult to guess that a real grenade thrower will not flaunt in a window opening with a grenade launcher at the ready before the barrel of a tank gun aimed at him. He will hide next to the window, behind the wall and look out occasionally, being sure that the crew of the tank does not see him, and wait for a convenient moment.
Now, they have not yet invented any devices capable of seeing x-ray through concrete walls, so there’s only one way out for the tank - to shoot a high-explosive fragmentation projectile into the empty window where the enemy is supposed to be. Sometimes it helps when they guess, but there will not be enough ammunition to shoot through all the windows, doors and hatches. There is still a way to shoot a machine gun at a wall next to a window or under a window sill. If an enemy is hiding there, he will be amazed. But for this bullet must pierce the wall of the house. Can this be done by a 7,62-mm bullet of a coaxial machine gun or anti-personnel installation of a T-90MS tank? Hardly. And that means almost no sense from it. But 12,7-mm bullet from NSVT is quite capable of this. Conclusion: The new remote install looks beautiful, but - No
How could it be done. The main battle tank T-64А “grew” from the medium tank T-64, which, in turn, was a revolutionary machine, which absorbed the latest advances in design and industry, as well as the best technical solutions of Soviet medium and heavy tanks.
The T-10M is a cold and precise death machine. The most powerful tank in the world of the period 50-x - the beginning of the 60-ies of XX century. It was about the size of an “Abrams” and possessed an optimal combination of high mobility, powerful armor protection and enormous firepower with a weight of 51,5 tons
Why did I suddenly mention heavy tanks? Because a very powerful and perfect tank was in service with the Soviet army for a long time, a meeting with which in battle for any other tank of that time would most likely be the last. His name is T-10M. Powerful, 52-ton handsome, released in the number of 8000 units and stood in service with the Soviet army for about 40 years. This tank had a lot of technical solutions, which distinguished it favorably from medium-sized tanks and from the main battle tanks too (including T-90MS).
The auxiliary armament of the T-10M consisted of an 14,5-mm KPVT machine gun paired with a cannon and one more of the same in an anti-aircraft installation on the roof of the tower. Armor-piercing 14,5-mm bullet B-32 from the distance 500 m calmly penetrates the armor with thickness 32 mm. The total rate of fire of both machine guns - 1200 shots per minute. This allowed the T-10M tank to “cut” in half any BTR or BMP without any problems, even without using the main 122-mm M-62-T2C cannon. The concrete walls of houses and shelters such machine guns also punch "with a bang."
Thus, T-10M with regard to firepower was completely adapted to combat operations in the city. If necessary, he could "saw through" the wall across the floor, where the enemy could hide. These same machine guns had to be put on the T-90MS. At least one - in the anti-aircraft installation on the roof. For the machine gun coupled with a gun, there is a good alternative - the 12,7-mm machine gun YakB-12,7 from the attack helicopter Mi-24В.
Installing USPU-24 with 4-barrel 12,7-mm machine gun YakB-12,7
This machine gun gives out 5000 rounds per minute and is air cooled — this is what T-90MS needs. If there was one such 12,7-mm “lawn mower” in the tank and a powerful 14,5-mm KPVT machine gun in an anti-aircraft gun, the issue of air defense and operations in dense urban areas for T-90MS would have been resolved. With an independent vertical guidance system paired with an 125-mm 2-82 cannon, the 4-12,7-barrel X-machine gun of the YakB-12,7 tank will have all the qualities of the widely advertised BMPT and will not lose the main advantage of the tank - a powerful gun. By the way, BMPT is not the first car of this class in the world. If we analyze - T-28 and T-35 are direct ideological ancestors of the BMPT.
Comment specialist. A lot of words for nothing. Let it be known to the author: in addition to the PCT, the 90-mm machine gun and the 12,7-mm AGS grenade launcher can be supplied to the remote installation platform of the upgraded T-30 tank, depending on the wishes of the customer. Moreover, the digital ballistic tract of the Kalina OMS allows replacing the armament of a remote installation in field conditions, depending on the assigned tasks.
More powerful B-92C2F2 engine with automatic transmission
As done. The engine produces power 1130 hp, which is 130 hp more than the previous T-90A tank (1000 hp). Initially, it was rumored that the engine would be power 1200 hp, but to achieve it, apparently, did not succeed. The engine has a pleasant, smooth sound operation and provides T-90MS power density 23 hp / t. The maximum speed of the tank on the highway - 60-65km / h. This is not bad, but not the best indicator. To match the saying “armor is strong and our tanks are fast ...” T-90MS should accelerate at least to 70-75km / h. A lighter tank should be faster than heavy, western ones. And in order to bring the mobility indicators of T-90MS to the level of T-80, he doesn’t even need an engine, and, most likely, it will be enough to redo the transmission. For example, the tank T-80BV with a mass in 43,7 tons and engine power 1100 HP Accelerates to 80 km / h. What prevents the T-90MS from traveling in the same way? The engine is normal. So you need to improve the transmission.
How could it be done. The limited amount of MTO tank T-72 makes increasing engine power challenging. The same applies to the hull of the T-90MS, which is a direct heir to the T-72. It is necessary to improve the transmission of the tank, which was done, and to choose the right gear ratios. So all the same - Set off.
Comment specialist. The installation of the B-93 engine, despite the increase in the mass of the upgraded tank, increased its power density to 23,5 hp / t versus 21,5 hp / t in T-90А and T-90С tanks. The planned installation of the В-99 engine will give an even greater increase in power density (up to 24,5 hp / t). As for the alleged "automatic transmission", I wrote about it above.
Additional power unit in armored container
Body almost identical to T-72
Chassis is almost identical to the T-72
As done. These three points are summarized in one paragraph, because they are the result of one - too small volume of the T-72 case. The firepower, protection and mobility of the modern MBT has long since “grown” from the dimensions of the T-72. In the photo T-90MS from the side you can see how the large heavy tower literally hangs over the small tank hull, how the equipment hung on it behind the hull that did not fit inside. What does this entail? Here's what:
1. The driver is, in fact, trapped. Its hatch is very small, a gun and a wedge of armor of the tower hangs from above. If something happens - do not get out.
2. The driver’s observation devices had to be positioned not on the roof of the hull, but in the cutouts of the VLD, thus creating a weakened zone - a “decollete” near the hatch.
3. Powerful engine does not deliver - no place.
4. The fuel tanks (part) and auxiliary power unit are outside the armored hull. Obviously, all this is extremely vulnerable to enemy fire.
5. The short six-axle chassis has a load limit and is already approaching a reasonable limit on such an important parameter as the specific pressure on the ground. In a word fat No
How could it be done. Let's go back to T-10M. Its body had an ideal shape with a wedge-shaped nose, curved side walls and large dimensions. A soft, semi-support suspension is also available.
The design of the hull and undercarriage of the T-10M tank allows you to:
1. Install complete tower T-90MS.
2. Position the front plates at very high angles and, at the same time, equip a large and convenient driver's hatch through which he can always get out at any position of the gun.
3. The shape of the walls with curved walls greatly enhances its resistance to the effects of various ammunition and, at the same time, leaves the volume reserved niches for the placement of fuel tanks, electronics or auxiliary power unit.
4. Large-sized MTO allows you to install a powerful engine + auxiliary unit.
5. The seven-suspension chassis allows you to withstand weight in 60 tons and more. So the reserves of the T-10M modernization are very wide. It remains only to add rubber bands to the support rollers.
The lower part of the housing T-10M. It is clearly visible how the hull sides are made.
The drawings of the T-10M probably remained. It will hardly be very expensive to revive it in a modern form. In any case, everything will pay off quickly. The second option is to follow the path of the “187 object” - an improved modification of the T-72B. That is just to slightly extend the regular hull of the T-72 tank. By the way, the Chinese went along this path, as a result of which one of the most powerful tanks in the world appeared today - ZTZ-99А2. Equipped with a 125-mm cannon, guided missiles, this Chinese tank ZM-87 is a very dangerous enemy. It is better to overestimate than to underestimate. To fight with him on T-72B is unlikely to work, but on T-90A or T-72BM it will also be oh, how not easy. The days of Damansky are long gone - it is time for the leadership of our armed forces to understand this.
The Chinese main battle tank ZTZ-99A2 is one of the most dangerous opponents for our tank. Unlike the T-90MS, the Chinese look proportionally and not so heavy. It is longer than the T-72, although the Chinese are smaller in height and weight than we
The first version with the T-10M case, in my opinion, still looks more progressive. On the "Type 99" and "object 187" and asked seven-bearing chassis.
The “187 Object” is larger than the T-90A and much more spacious. That, in theory, should have been the base tank T-90 "Vladimir"
Comment specialist. On this point, I consider commenting the flight of thought of “sofa designers” unproductive. This layout is over 50 years old! Here every thesis strikes with deep ignorance. Although, however, for a simple man in the street it would be excusable.
New fire control system "Kalina"
As done. The Kalina SUO clearly surpasses the 1A45T Irtysh system of the T-90A tank: a complete set of thermal imaging devices, automated guidance weapons taking into account all sorts of data including bending of the barrel of the gun, automatic target tracking and much more.
The difference from the T-90A is that the gun can be induced by a not-yet-visible target according to the data of the tank information control system (TIUS). As soon as the target appears in line of sight - the next second shot! Another important aspect is that the OMS is fully computerized. In order to equip a tank with new ammunition, for example, it is not necessary to reconfigure the sight. Simply update the firmware of the LMS and all things conveniently and quickly. However, the missile system remained the same - 9K119М “Reflex-M” with a range of 5 km. This is no longer enough.
For example, guided missiles of the tank “Merkava” Mk.IV - LAHAT have a launch range of 6 – 8 km. Thus, a powerful Israeli tank for the first time surpassed domestic tanks "in their sandbox." The presence of guided missile weapons (URO) has always been an advantage of domestic tanks over Western ones that did not have [3]. Now everything has changed. For separation from competitors on the T-90MS, it is necessary to install a universal anti-aircraft anti-tank missile system with dual-mode guidance. Semi-automatic for firing at tanks and purely automatic (“shot-forgotten”) for firing at aircraft. As for the firing range, it should be at least 10 km (especially for Zour).
In addition, it is unclear how the T-90MS will fight the ZTZ-99A2. After all, an attempt to measure the distance to it with the help of a laser rangefinder will end with a response T-90MS irradiation with a powerful laser setup and instant failure of all optics (it will darken). What will happen next - I think it is clear. Against this background, the statements of some authorities have a ridiculous look, they say - "we are not going to fight with China." All this is reminiscent of the Chamberlain Pact. And if they get together with us, gentlemen? The laser machine ZM-87 is often referred to as “inhuman” weapons. It can damage the sight of the gunner and tank commander. Yes, inhumane, but it is even more inhumane to send people into the battle against the newest XT of the 21 century, people on the 40 technology developed a year ago. This is really inhumane!
On modern tanks, the gunner and the commander observe the target through color monitors. So the laser system of the Chinese tank can not harm their eyes. But it will only damage the tank's optics, and even then, if it does not have special anti-laser filters. Are there any devices on T-90MS? I do not know, but if not, it is urgent to install. Otherwise, the meeting with the “Chinese” will end badly, very badly. And it would not hurt T-90MS to have a combat laser system similar to the Chinese tank ZTZ-99А2.
In general, the LMS and other electronics of the T-90MS are of course modern, but nothing special is visible in it. Unambiguous offset can not be put. However, the failure too.
Comment specialist. As for the author's reasoning about the lack of firing range of the Reflex complex in 5 km, I would like to remind you that the direct vision range on 95% of the terrain of a Central European theater does not exceed 2,5 km.
I can only say one thing about anti-aircraft and anti-tank missiles for a tank with a range of 10 km: this is another thesis within the framework of the trend of dense ignorance. Well, about the statements about laser weapons and their effects - the author urgently learn a school course in physics.
I can only say one thing about anti-aircraft and anti-tank missiles for a tank with a range of 10 km: this is another thesis within the framework of the trend of dense ignorance. Well, about the statements about laser weapons and their effects - the author urgently learn a school course in physics.
Conclusion: The T-90MS is a good, fit modern tank and can be considered one of the most powerful in the world. However, unfortunately, he doesn’t really pull on the compliance with the loud epithet “breakthrough”. Maybe it's the price of the tank. But there are things that can not be saved. Modern weapons of this class simply can not be cheap. The optimal “hodgepodge” of the world's best main battle tank looks something like this:
- body and chassis from T-10M
- tower and side screens from T-90MS
- 125-mm gun 2А82
- 12,7-mm twin machine gun YakB-12,7 from the Mi-24В helicopter
- charger (remote) with 14,5-mm KPVT machine gun from T-10M
- gas turbine or diesel engine with power> 1500 HP
- additional power unit (inside the T-10М case)
- automatic transmission
- DZ "Relikt" around the perimeter.
For "gland" like this.
As for electronics, the following systems should be installed on the tank:
- The complex of active protection of the tank "Arena-E"
- The complex of optical-electronic suppression "Blind-1"
- Universal anti-aircraft anti-tank missile system (UZPTRK) with a launch range> 10 km. Guidance - dual-mode (automatic / semi-automatic), as on the Ka-50/52 helicopter. Missiles can be either universal, or there should be two types of them - SAM and ATGM.
- Fighting laser system, similar to the Chinese tank ZTZ-99A2. It is very important. Plus filters on optics to protect against such systems.
- The system of psycho-physiological monitoring of the state of the crew. It is not a secret that in battle a person can be simply scared. He may also experience other negative emotions: anger, rage, confusion, hysteria, etc. All of this has a negative effect on its combat capability, or even can lead to death. In the new tank you need to mount a special powerful computer that matches intellectual suits and helmets of tankers. Sensors located in them inform the computer about what emotions a soldier is currently experiencing. A computer, in turn, should use special pulses to massage certain areas of the human cerebral cortex through sensors mounted on the head, completely removing harmful emotions that are completely unnecessary to him in battle. The system must be under the control of the tank commander with the ability to turn off and on as desired.
- Means allowing the tank crew to see the enemy through concrete walls. A sort of "X-ray". The fact that it can be harmful to the health of the enemy, there is nothing terrible - this is the enemy. The system is necessary to ensure effective combat operations of tanks in the city. This is the next epoch after the appearance of thermal imagers.
- Devices that provide at least commander visibility on the principle of "glass cabin".
- The system of electromagnetic protection from mines, reducing heat and radar visibility, aerosol and smoke screen.
- It must be possible to control the movement of the tank in battle by the commander with the help of a joystick. This will reduce the crew crew to two people. Commander and gunner. In this case, the workplace of the driver is left as a backup in case of a break in the joystick.
- CIUS integrated into the tank's SLA. It should be common to tanks, helicopters, attack aircraft, radar and air defense systems. This will allow tankers to see the approach of the enemy for many kilometers. aviation and aim your missiles at it in advance.
A “stuffed hodgepodge” of the T-10М / 90MS with a mass of ~ 55-60 tons in a similar way will be an order of magnitude greater than any existing and prospective battle tank of a potential enemy. Yes it will be expensive. Even more. But if this is not done, then the entire foreseeable future will have to fight on the "ageless" T-72B:
The famous T-72B. The coolest and battle tank of the end of 20-th - the beginning of the 21-th century. But today he is like Mike Tyson - still fighting, but many are already beating
Comment specialist. Regarding the proposals on the composition of the “hodgepodge”, “iron” and other conclusions, it is better to refrain from commenting at all, if not to say even worse.
Notes:
[1] KAZT using small-sized radar detects ammunition flying up to the tank, after which it is knocked down by counter fragmentation ammunition. Basically effective against relatively slow ammunition - cumulative shells, rockets and RPG grenades. Does not respond to bullets, shrapnel and small-caliber shells.
[2] Works as an active jammer. In 3-5, the probability of hitting a guided missile with a semi-active laser guidance system in a tank decreases.
[3] Guided missile weapons were hitherto available only on domestic tanks. Recently, they acquired Chinese and Israeli tanks.