"Bulat" gives protection
Conventionally, there are several ways to create armored vehicles, namely:
- installation of armored body and cab directly on the chassis of a production car, i.e. The oldest way to execute armored cars. A distinctive feature of its modern stage is the use of double-terrain chassis for dual (military and civilian) vehicles. Among the exceptions are the German “Mungo”, made on the chassis of a communal truck - “TiV” told about it in No. 4 for 2007 g .;
- use in the design of well-developed in the production of components and assemblies of the production car. Also quite traditional way;
- creation of a new chassis using units and assemblies of trucks and wheeled armored personnel carriers.
Each of these methods has its own advantages and disadvantages. Add to this the difference in the requirements for the machine being developed, the capabilities of the manufacturer, and we get a fairly wide range of solutions. And all these solutions are already presented by various developers in one way or another and are applied in practice.
According to the “second option”, for example, a special armored vehicle SBA-60-К2 “Bulat” was created, presented in 2012 by the corporation “Zashchita”.
History The car began in 2010 with the development of a special protected machine. It was designed by “Protection” designers on the basis of components and assemblies of a four-wheel drive KAMAZ-5350 (43118) vehicle with a wheel formula 6x6. At the same time, there was a transition to the carrier armored body and the “hood” layout scheme, which allows for booking the engine and its systems and increasing the security of the crew. Here you can see an analogy with the “Shot” armored car (BPM-97), developed by the designers of the center “Special Mechanical Engineering” of Moscow State University of Economics and Technology. Bauman and KAMAZ. However, this machine was created on the basis of units and units of a biaxial KAMAZ-4326 (4x4) and has an appropriate capacity and carrying capacity. In both cases, the bonnet layout is combined with the combination of the control and amphibious units into a single habitable volume; welded armored hull is made with a slope of a number of armored surfaces. These features, by the way, give armored vehicles the similarity noted by many observers with the old BTR-152 and BTR-40 armored personnel carriers, respectively, but the analogy is limited by external similarity, since we are talking about vehicles of a different purpose operating in a different echelon and other conditions.
Special machine development "Protection" interested representatives of the Interior Ministry. In the spring of 2011, at a meeting of representatives of the Ministry of Internal Affairs with the leadership of the corporation, the question arose of building a protected vehicle, and in the summer its draft design was ready.
The interest of the Ministry of Internal Affairs to transport vehicles of enhanced security is understandable. In the “hot spots”, its units have to operate mainly on BTR-80 armored personnel carriers - floating multi-axle transport and combat vehicles designed to solve several other tasks, with a “dense” layout, limited manned volume and relatively difficult to operate. Execution of a protected vehicle at the assemblies and assemblies of a widely used dual-purpose vehicle not only reduces its cost, but also facilitates operation and repair, and simplifies driver training. There is an opportunity to increase capacity and revise the indicators of security.
The finalization of the project was carried out by Defense specialists in cooperation with officers who have experience in fighting in “hot spots” and dealt mainly with the layout of the troop compartment, ensuring a quick landing and disembarkation, ergonomic characteristics.
The first prototype of the car was assembled at the enterprise of the Zashchita corporation in Fryazino in February 2012 and passed factory tests during February-March. The car received the name “Bulat” and the designation SBA-60-К2 (by analogy with the special armored vehicle SBA-60, made on the chassis of the same KAMAZ-5350; the letter “K” means “frame” and is associated with the design features).
The car was ordered by the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation in the Sakhalin region, and in July 2012 in Mozdok, the first copy of the SBA-60-K2 was transferred to the Sakhalin riot police, who arrived on a regular mission to the North Caucasus.
In August, the second copy of Bulat was shown at the Defense and Defense-2012 exhibition in Nizhny Tagil.
"Bulat" from the inside
Considering this car is logical and start with protecting it. When developing the SBA-60-К2 “Bulat”, the task was to ensure the protection of personnel from the most common and widely used shooting schools.
rifles, including bullets of normal caliber increased penetrability, fragmentation grenades from rifle grenades and automatic grenade launchers and hand grenades. The all-welded Bulat steel armored body is made with rational angle of inclination of armor surfaces and provides protection in 6 class according to GOST R 50963-96 (protection around the perimeter from bullets with increased penetration with steel heat-strengthened core 7,62-mm rifle cartridge 7H13 produced with 5 distance — 10 m, when hit along the normal), the roof protects from the same bullet when hit at an angle 60 'to the normal, when hit along the normal - from a bullet with a heat-strengthened core of the 7,62-mm cartridge. Strengthening of the welds of the hull is provided by the mutual overlapping of armor plates, window openings - with armor plates, doors - with fins and "labyrinths" in the joints. On the inside of the armor, a bulletproof and anti-splinter lining (mats of aramid fabric) can be mounted, but the existing two copies of the car are not equipped with them yet. In general, Bulat is significantly superior to the BTR-80 in anti-bullet and anti-shatter protection.
There were no special requirements for mine protection. Some protection against the damaging factors of a high-explosive charge is given by the V-shaped form of the lower part of the hull, its rigidity and sealing, and the deployment of paratroopers on suspended cushioned seats. “Bulat” provides protection of the transported personnel when the explosive charge is undermined to a total of up to 2 kg in trotyl equivalent (which corresponds to an anti-personnel or anti-vehicle mine) under any wheel and 1 kg under the bottom, besides from an F-type hand grenade 1 or RGD-5 on the roof.
The armored hull is equipped with windows with multi-layered bulletproof glass, hinged doors for disembarking and landing - one door in the sides for the crew members (driver and commander) and two-wing in the stern landing sheet. The location and size of the doors made it possible to speed up the disembarkation of personnel - also an indicator of security for a transport vehicle. Emergency ventilation hatches are made in the roof of the hull. It is worth noting that in the second copy of “Bulat” the number of upper hatches was reduced from eight to six, the number of windows of the troop compartment - from four on board to three. In addition, they raised the roof of the troop compartment. Shooting from the individual weapons the assault is possible both through the loopholes (embrasures) of the open type in the side windows and in the stern doors, and through the upper hatches, while the hatchways of the doors opened play the role of armored seats.
In the engine compartment, in front of the hull, there is an X-NUMX-cylinder V-shaped diesel engine KAMAZ 8-740.31 with a tour-bonded, protected by armor from the sides, front and top. The refusal of body armor, the transition to air intake from the top while optimizing the air flow and a relatively spacious engine compartment made it possible to combine the protection of the engine from bullets and small fragments with the normal mode of its operation without overheating. The engine compartment is equipped with a fire extinguishing system. Two fuel tanks of 240 l each are placed on the sides of the hull outside. A 125 manual transmission with a front divider provides ten forward and two reverse speeds. The engine, components and assemblies of the transmission and the chassis are borrowed from KAMAZ-152 (5350) almost unchanged, which significantly increased the maintainability of the car,
The driver and the commander are located in front of the habitable volume, behind them along the sides, eight fully equipped fighters are placed on cushioned chairs with folding seats. Between the seats mounted mount for individual weapons. Domestic habitable space still leaves room for property and ammunition. Raised on the second copy of the roof of the troop compartment made it more convenient to place the fighters and move them inside the car - it turned out a kind of “armored bus”. Boxes for spare parts are inscribed in the hull aft of the hull.
It is essential that the one-piece windshield and windows in the doors provide the driver of an armored vehicle with almost the same overview as in a regular “ka-potnaya” truck. The windshield is electrically heated.
External lighting devices are equipped with blackout devices, there is a blackout system that turns off the interior lighting when doors or hatches are open.
The mass of Bulat, the distribution of the load on the axes, the position of the center of gravity allowed him to keep all the indicators of the "mother" KAMAZ in terms of mobility and stability in motion. The standard tire pressure control system ensures that the permeability is maintained on weak soils, and the presence of a winch with an 7 t traction force guarantees the vehicle to be self-pulling out and the evacuation of cars of equal weight category.
“Bulat” is equipped with a regular KAMAZ heater. In addition, the troop compartment has a self-contained additional heater, as well as air conditioning. It is possible to install night-driving instruments and a circular video surveillance system (a car has a rear-view video camera installed on the panel between the driver and the commander’s seats), a satellite navigation system receiver. There is a driver-street intercom.
It is possible to equip “Bulat” by a filter-ventilation unit, equipment for suppressing radio lines controlling explosive devices, a searchlight-searcher with a remote control.
The “stock by weight”, which Bulat has in comparison with the maximum carrying capacity of the “mother” KAMAZ, can be estimated at least by the following figures: for a commercial KAMAZ-43118, the load on the front axle at full weight is 5500 kg, on the back trolley — 15150 kg, in Bulat, respectively, 5300 and 10600 kg. This stock determines the possibility of increasing security - first of all, it concerns mine protection with bringing the machine up to the MRAP standard.
Two built Bulat are protected vehicles for the transport of personnel, but the developer considers options for placing weapons - for example, the PBU-1 turret (similar to the BTR-80) or a remote-controlled machine-gun installation, a missile system, i.e. the transformation of a transport vehicle into a unified “special chassis”. A car can also serve as a base for a mobile control point, an armored medical or sanitary evacuation vehicle - this is facilitated by the size of the troop compartment and the location of the stern doors. Proposals to create a small "family" come from almost all developers of armored vehicles. Such armored vehicles cannot replace “military” armored personnel carriers, they are calculated to solve transport and special tasks in the specific conditions of counter-terrorist operations.
Tactical and technical characteristics of special armored vehicle SBA-60-К2 "Bulat"
Crew + landing party, people ......................................... 2 + 8
Gross weight, kg .......................................... 15900
Length, mm ............................................... ....... 8025
Body width, mm .................................. 2500
Height, mm ............................................... ..... 2600
Ground clearance, mm .................................... 385
Curb weight, kg ................................. 12800
Engine:
- type ........................ Diesel turbocharged
-volume, cm3 .............................................. .. 10850
- power, hp (kW) ............................ 240 (177)
at 2200 rpm
- maximum
torque, Nm ............................ 912
at 1300-1500 rpm
- cooling .................................... Liquid
Fuel capacity, l ......................... 2x125
Gearbox ............................. Mechanical
Wheel formula ........................................... 6x6
Brakes ...................................... Pneumatic
Tires ......................................... Pneumatic, with adjustable air pressure
Maximum speed, km / h ............................ 90
External overall turning radius, m, not more ..................................... 10,5
The basic level of anti-bullet protection according to GOST R 50693-96:
- perimeter ............................................ 6 class
- roof and bottom .................................... 5 class
- engine compartment ........................... 5 class
Special armored vehicle SBA-60K2 Bulat at RDE-2012
- Semyon Fedoseyev, "Equipment and Armament"
- Corporation "Protection", and A. Khlopotov and author
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