Weapons of prestige: Italian battleships in the First World War

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Weapons of prestige: Italian battleships in the First World War

After Great Britain acquired the battleship Dreadnought in 1905, ships of this class in the first half of the XNUMXth century were considered almost the main indicator of technical condition fleet.

As a result, every “self-respecting” country that had the appropriate technical potential, following the British, began building its own battleships.

Italy was no exception, and by the beginning of World War II the war managed to bring its Air Force to fourth place in the world. However, this country launched its first battleships back in 1911 and 1913.



We are talking about the ships “Julius Caesar”, “Prince Cavour”, “Leonardo da Vinci”, “Andrea Doria”, “Dante Alighieri” and “Caio Dulio”.

It is worth noting that Italy’s battleships at that time turned out to be quite good. Yes, they were inferior to their American and British “colleagues” in the power of their guns (343 and 356 mm versus 305 mm). However, their potential was quite sufficient for successful operations in the Mediterranean.

However, things never came to those very “actions”. Despite the fact that Italian battleships entered service before the outbreak of the First World War, they actually did not participate in it.

Until mid-1916, the ships did not fire a single shot at the enemy. Moreover, they didn’t even encounter him, since they spent most of their time in parking lots (the Italian authorities did not want to risk “expensive toys”).

Ironically, it was the aforementioned “frugality” that cost the Italians the loss of the battleship Leonardo da Vinci, which was reached by Austro-Hungarian intelligence in August 1916. The ship sank right in the parking lot.

In general, until the very end of the conflict, the surviving “five” did not notice anything.

Later, after an incident during a training exercise in 1925, the Cayo Dulio was out of commission for three years.

In turn, in 1928, “Dante Alighieri” was sold for scrap.

The Julius Caesar became an artillery training ship in the same year, and the Prince Cavour was taken out for modernization.

"Andrea Doria" and "Caio Dulio" went into reserve in 1932. However, both ships, like the Julius Caesar and the Prince Cavour, received a “second life” after France laid down the battleship Dunkirk in the early 30s.

Italian ships underwent deep modernization and then participated in World War II.

As for Italian battleships in the First World War, it was rather "weapon prestige”, created under the influence of the “fashion trend” of that era.

14 comments
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  1. -1
    13 May 2024 07: 41
    Ship names are not translated!
    1. +2
      13 May 2024 12: 09
      Names: Julius Caesar Giulio Cesare, Prince Cavour Principe di Cavour, Leonardo da Vinci Leonardo da Vinci, Andrea Doria Andrea Doria, Dante Aligheri Dante Aligheri and Caio Duilio Caio Duilio.
      1. +3
        13 May 2024 16: 09
        Quote from: Semovente7534
        Prince Cavour Principe di Cavour

        Generally Count of Cavour
        1. +2
          13 May 2024 18: 21
          You are right, what gave me away was the fact that the article referred to him as a prince, a mistake that I, as an Italian, should not have made, also because he is very famous. His full name was Camillo Benso Conte di Cavour.
  2. +3
    13 May 2024 08: 06
    Yes, today the authors make me happy!!!
    Italy was no exception, which by the beginning of World War II managed to withdraw its Air force to fourth place in the world.

    An article about the fleet if anything!!! good
  3. +2
    13 May 2024 08: 51
    And Caesar drowned already under the name Novorossiysk in 1955.
  4. +2
    14 May 2024 01: 59
    Despite the fact that Italian battleships entered service before the outbreak of the First World War.

    Poor, poor “Military Review”, now against its background sometimes even pathetic Zen looks like a kind of “Great Soviet Encyclopedia”.

    Commissioning of Italian dreadnoughts (see Wikipedia laughing ):
    Before the beginning of the First World War.
    Dante Alighieri - 15 January 1913
    Giulio Cesare - 14 May 1914
    Leonardo da Vinci - 17 May 1914

    After the beginning of the First World War.
    Conte di Cavour - 1 April 1915
    Andrea Doria - 13 March 1916
    Duilio - 10 May 1915
  5. 0
    14 May 2024 09: 22
    For me, Mussolini and Chief of Staff Cavagnari simply spent a lot of money without creating full-fledged battleships from the technical achievements of Italy.
    Point by point:
    - modernization of old battleships is an engineering achievement without significant naval political results. As practice showed in the war of 1940 - 1943. these ships turned out to be useless, and the main complaints against them were low survivability and low speed, despite all the design refinements.
    - battleships of the Vittorio Veneto class (here I note that the theoretical drawing was developed by CDRA) were developed in a rush with constant adjustments to the design, which affected the combat qualities of the ships:
    - the geometric reserve of the contractual displacement has not been fully selected;
    - patchwork horizontal armor does not correspond to the realities of the mid-30s of the twentieth century;
    - the power plant does not allow the propulsion qualities of the ship to be realized;
    - The air defense of the ships does not stand up to criticism even in comparison with its closest European competitors.
    It should be noted that the ships have an optimal main caliber, excellent seaworthiness, controllability and survivability.
    For the Italians, it would be more correct to postpone the laying of the first pair of ships for a year and a half, having worked out the project with the same final commissioning date, increase the speed to 32 knots when fully loaded, improve the reservation of the main deck and artillery, and radically strengthen air defense by accelerating the creation universal installations of 135 mm caliber, abandon carrier-based aircraft. The construction of the second pair will be carried out according to the same project, without a pause between the launching of the first pair and the laying of the second.
    1. +4
      14 May 2024 18: 13
      Quote: Victor Leningradets
      - the geometric reserve of the contractual displacement has not been fully selected;

      But I didn’t quite understand this passage... hi
      1. +1
        14 May 2024 19: 43
        It couldn’t be simpler, Maxim!
        Everyone lied, including the British.
        It was only necessary to DECLARE the length and width according to the waterline, as well as the draft with a standard displacement of 35 T.
        Considering that the previous battleships of Italy had a total completeness coefficient of 0,53, then the product LxBxT = 35/000 = 0,53 T
        Declaring a draft of 28 feet = 8,53 m, a beam along the vertical line of 104 feet = 31,70 m, we get:
        Estimated length according to water line = 66/038/8,53 = 31,7 m
        This value exceeds the declared length according to the vertical line (232 m) by 12,2 m, which corresponds to an additional 40 feet of length.
        The actual fullness coefficient for these battleships for a full displacement of 45 T is 030. If we maintain this coefficient and increase the length along the vertical line at full load from 0,569 m to 234 m, we get:
        45 x 030/246,2 = 234 T
        With a cylindrical insert in the mid-frame area with a completeness coefficient of 0,959 and an actual width of 32,43 m and a draft of 10,44 m, we obtain:
        45 + 030 x 12,2 x 32,43 x 10,44 = 0,959 T
        Assuming that the optimal value lies somewhere in the middle of these two numbers, we get the total displacement:
        (47 + 378)/48 = 991 T or 2 T more.
        Carrying out similar calculations for a standard displacement, we obtain a value of 43 T, or 350 T more than the actual one. And this is a serious reserve for increasing the reservation and improving the power plant, even taking into account some increase in the load under the “hull” heading.
        1. +1
          14 May 2024 20: 14
          Quote: Victor Leningradets
          It couldn’t be simpler, Maxim!

          It’s clear that mathematics is an exact science, but why didn’t the authors of the project think of this?
          I doubt that the ancestors were more stupid than their descendants. ;)
          1. +1
            14 May 2024 20: 35
            It’s clear that mathematics is an exact science, but why didn’t the authors of the project think of this?
            I doubt that the ancestors were more stupid than their descendants. ;)

            - Hurry, that's the whole secret.
            New battleships were created in conditions of fierce competition in the Mediterranean theater. As a result, they took Ansaldo’s basic project of 29 T, increased it to 000 T, without much thought, and, having quarreled with the French, put it into action. On the eve of the laying, it turned out that sea trials of the model showed low speed characteristics. They urgently began to work on the contours in parallel on Ansaldo and CRDA - CRDA won, and meanwhile the battleships were laid down on October 35, 000, on the eleventh anniversary of the March on Rome. For six months, while the project was being reworked, they kicked the ox, and there were also problems with financing, and only in May 28.10.1934 did work begin. During the redesign, the standard displacement came close to 1935 T, they decided that it was too late to change anything and CRDA simply increased the boules and added camber. So 40000 T came up.
            But the same Cavagnari suggested that the Duce not boil, but, following the example of the Japanese, send the Washington Treaty with the London Annex into oblivion, and begin the full design of a battleship of 41 - 42 thousand tons with a main caliber of 9 mm guns in three turrets. The laying is planned for the beginning of 406, when there will already be certainty in the steps of the other members of the “Battleship Club”. During this time, it was planned to master the production of 1936-mm guns and new anti-aircraft artillery.
            I don’t know what would have happened in this version. I prefer a battle cruiser with a 381 mm main caliber, improved armor and a speed of 32 - 33 knots. Moreover, in fact, four of these could be built, and only two sixteen-inch mastodons.
            1. +1
              14 May 2024 20: 58
              Quote: Victor Leningradets
              During this time, it was planned to master the production of 406-mm guns

              They planned to put EMNIP, 16" on the second pair, but since the Stone Flower in the form of 16" never came out, they returned to 15"...
  6. 0
    11 July 2024 02: 55
    Italian battleships did not prove themselves in any way during the Second World War.