Russian character: black and white
Doctor of Psychology, Professor, Head of the Department of Ethnosociology and Ethnopsychology of the Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology of the Russian Academy of Sciences Nadezhda Lebedeva in an article "Russian national character"built on the materials of the book “Emigration and Repatriation in Russia” (V. A. Iontsev, N. M. Lebedeva, M. V. Nazarov, A. V. Okorokov. M.: Care for the needs of Russian repatriates, 2001), noticing that the concept of “national character” in psychology is not considered “scientific”, apparently because it is difficult to measure, says that the semantic cell for this concept is present in the consciousness of every nation. In his article, N. Lebedeva examines some of the problems of the Russian character, based both on the opinions of writers and philosophers, and on modern data from ethnic and cross-cultural psychology. As essential, the author noted the most important traits of character that L. P. Karsavin and A. I. Solzhenitsyn revealed.
The historian and philosopher L.P. Karsavin noted that the most important aspect of the Russian spirit is its religiosity, and Russian Orthodoxy has a serious drawback - passivity, inaction: “Confidence in future deification exacerbates the present”. And if "the Russian doubts the absolute ideal, then he can go to the extreme bestiality or indifference to everything."
The writer A. I. Solzhenitsyn found in the outlines of the Russian character the following: long-suffering, supported by physical and spiritual endurance; undeveloped sense of justice (“even if all laws are gone, so long as people live the truth”) and the alienation of people from politics; lack of desire for power, up to the contempt of the latter, the attitude to it as something dirty and sinful; the constant thirst for miracle, from which the insignificant ability to unite forces and for self-organization, and submission to fate, is born.
In the 20th century, N. Lebedeva believes, the Russian national character has changed little in its foundations: in it “all the same thirst for miracle and passionate readiness to serve the idea of the common good”. The main thing has also been preserved: how to fill this need for a great, messianic idea. A Russian man disagrees a little, the author writes without irony.
However, today there is no time for mistakes, N. Lebedeva believes, to be or not to be - this is a new Russian question.
From foreign authors, N. Lebedev cites the polar views of the Englishman S. Graham and the German V. Gene. The first one wrote: “I love Russia. For me, in a sense, it is more than my native country. Sometimes it seems to me that I am a happy prince who has found the Sleeping Beauty. ”
But the second in the book “De moribus Ruthenorum” asserts that the Russians are a people without conscience, honor and initiative. Pushkin's lyrics are soulless imitation. Russians are not capable of embracing the whole, both in practical life and in artistic creation; therefore their literature is untalented.
D. Lancourt-La-terrier in his work “The Slave Soul of Russia” writes: “I am ready to argue the claim that the traditional humility and self-destruction that constitutes the slave mentality of Russians is a form of masochism. To say that the Russian soul is slavish means to say that the Russians have a tendency to harm themselves, to destroy and humiliate themselves, to bring meaningless sacrifices, that is, to such behavior, which in the West is characterized as masochism in the clinical sense of the word. ” The researcher claims that, accordingly, Russian culture is a culture of moral masochism, in the center of which is a person who acts (consciously or unconsciously) against his own interests. This definition of the “pathology” of the Russian character of N. Lebedeva is the main thing that determines from the point of view of a Western person. Along with this, there is a “meaningless sacrifice”. Here, the researcher writes, is the root dissimilarity and the West’s lack of understanding of Russian culture.
A Western scientist may feel the beauty of this “moral masochism,” but he is unable to understand it.
Here it must be added that this very impossibility of understanding causes irritation and bitterness. Hence, Russian vodka, and the notorious balalaika with an accordion, and bears, and the communist military threat, and myths about the swinishness and cruelty of the Russian nation, and writings on endless totalitarianism inherent in Russia to the kings, Lenin, Stalin, Yeltsin, Putin-Western people do not make a difference, because they do not see it and do not want to see.
To understand another civilization is very difficult. The error may even be at the gesture level. For that wave of the hand, which in Europe is considered a friendly greeting, in Africa can be cut off the head. (For the study of customs, I refer the reader to Frazer).
A few years ago, an interview with “Arguments and Facts” was given by Rodion Nahapetov, who at that time lived in the US for 15 years. To the correspondent’s question about the reason for the unattractiveness of Russian characters in American films, he answered very accurate:
Thus, firstly, the bet in Hollywood is placed on those spectators who do not feel grief from the mind; secondly, the Americans objectively recognize that the depths of the Russian character they do not comprehend - and therefore at this high goal and not wipe. It is too long and not cost-effective.
But one thing is the cinema "simplification" of the Russian character and spiritual values, and quite another thing is their conscious reduction and trampling. Here, not only is the direct reluctance to understand the Russian person, but also aggression, which in some cases approaches very closely to the construction of the next man-hating or racist theory. After all, it is very simple to “get” the current inhabitant of the world: there is the Internet.
Andrew Fighters приводит Such an example of "brazen juggling":
We must fully agree with the critic: it is a distortion. You can add: just these words are a complete lie. Pure, absolute lie, not having a single gram of knowledge about the Russian character.
The fact that black can become white for a Russian person is a fact. The fact that Russians can behave like Orwell’s characters (and behaved like that before the 1948 novel appeared in 1984) was true. But, first of all, the “lie” here is of a completely different sense, as the author of the vicious statement (taking place, judging by the hyperlink, from Canada) has no idea. Secondly, the author overlooks the difficult, most difficult history Russia and the USSR.
The book by A. A. Ivin "Introduction to the philosophy of history" contains statements by the Bolshevik G. L. Pyatakov (taken from N. Valentinov's article "Conversation with Pyatakov in Paris", "The Word", 1989, No. 1), excluded in 1927 from the party and asking to reinstate him in it. The reason for the request was that Pyatakov, who can without a stretch be called an orthodox Bolshevik, saw in the party the truth — such the truth, which truth despite untruth. The old Bolshevik Pyatakov returned to the USSR — and was shot in 1937.
Pyatakov asserts, Ivin writes, that he changed his views; he does not lie, but speaks the truth.
On the objection immediately cited that the party may be mistaken and that it is impossible, in order to be in agreement with it, to consider white as black, Pyatakov replies:
“... a year before ... execution,” Ivin writes further, “(Pyatakov asks) ... to provide him with“ any form of rehabilitation ”and, in particular, the proposal made by him“ to allow him personally to shoot all those sentenced to death by the process, including his ex-wife. ”
This example very precisely - and terribly - illustrates the Russian person who has fallen into the clutches of not a system, but his own convictions. That “analyst” or “researcher” will be wrong if he declares here an incurable Russian lie. There is no lie at all. We are seeing the phenomenon of pure truth. Reached absurdity, almost to the denial of personality - but born still from conviction, from an idea (rather, from subjective idealism), and not from the desire to lie or save your life. Those who returned from abroad to the Soviet Union, knew what was going on. By the way, Orwell, creating his anti-utopian novel, portrayed in him the future not of the USSR, but of the USA.
Although, of course, foreigners familiar with folk culture can judge the national character by anecdotes. A Canadian can declare all the people a liar by hearing the anecdote about Petka and Vasily Ivanovich (who, of course, in his understanding will appear in the images of those national heroes whom the Russians will ruthlessly imitate).
Retell one anecdote.
Once met Petka Chapaeva at the station. He left the London train - in a tuxedo, with a bag of crocodile skin, with an ivory cane. Kebmen brought both to a luxury hotel. Petka begins to unpack Vasily Ivanovich's things, look - and in a bag, pounds sterling: lots, whole packs.
“Where does so much money come from, Vasily Ivanovich?” - “I won the cards,” says Chapay. - I come to the casino, sat in the "point" to play. The gentleman on the contrary with three cards suddenly says: “Twenty-one!” - What can I do? .. I tell him: “Well, show the cards!” - he replies: “We are all gentlemen here, we believe in the word!” - I understood him. And once such a thing, I suit and went ... "
Or here is a joke about the attitude of a Russian man to a woman - more precisely, to his wife.
Once upon a time an American, a Frenchwoman and a Russian met. An American woman says: “I told my husband after the wedding:“ I will not cook for you! ”No husband day, no second. On the third he brings home a microwave - and he cooks himself. Beauty!"
The Frenchwoman tells her story: “I told mine too that I wouldn’t wash him. His day is not, the second. Finally, on the third day, he drags the washing machine home and starts washing it. Great, huh? ”
Then the Russian enters into the conversation: “And I told my own, that I would neither cook, wash, nor clean. I do not see his day, the second, the third ... I began to see a little on the fourth right eye ... "
According to similar anecdotes, as well as proverbs and fairy tales, we can conclude not only about Russian deceit and cruelty, but also about natural laziness. This was written and talked about from the stage so many times that it makes no sense to consider this subspecies of Russophobia. It is enough to cite one saying: “The work loves the fool.” And to answer her with another proverb: “Patience and a little effort”.
The trouble with the Western “analyst”, who is obsessed with Russophobia, is that he knows one part of the sayings, but not the other. The question here is only whether he wants to judge one-sidedly, or is he still ready to accept the whole picture. Which besides appears not only from proverbs and even more so jokes.
From the network diary of the Russian emigrant it becomes quite clear that, for example, ordinary Americans do not sprinkle anger at the Russians at all. Lola Getty, a former Russian woman, and now a resident of California, пишетthat Americans think of Russian women as beauties, forced to be "catalog brides".
The Russian character in America is considered belligerent and somewhat sullen: "... just that, immediately into a fight." Also, Americans find that the Russian people are always waiting for a dirty trick and therefore can not relax. Finally, the Russians drink vodka, sometimes seizing its caviar.
This, perhaps, is the quintessence of everyday, rather neutral, American opinion about the Russian character.
This “very little” is the key. If only this little recognized!
In conclusion, it should be noted that many foreigners who are familiar with Russian people, who know Russian, who have studied Russian culture, do not allow themselves to attack about “lies”, “eternal unrestrained drunkenness” or “historical cruelty”.
Chinese Song Yanwei (Dalian Polytechnic University), who studied the works of Solovyov, Vereshchagin, Dal and other authors, including modern ones, singled out typical positive traits of the Russian people.
In the first place he put the hard work and talent. According to the Chinese, the Russian people are a great worker, he has enriched the world with great cultural achievements. Proverbs and sayings on this topic? Please: “Happiness and work live alongside”, “Without labor, you can’t even pull a fish out of the pond” and others. Moreover, the Russian people appreciate work very much: “Gold is learned in fire, and a person is in labor,” “Talent is not worth a penny without labor.” Russians come to workaholism: “A day is crowded until the evening, if there is nothing to do,” “No life to live - only smoke the sky”. The envy of the Russian workers is alien: "Do not blame your neighbor when you sleep before dinner."
In second place among the deep properties of the Russian people - freedom. The history of Russia is a chronicle of the people's struggle for freedom and independence. The word “will” is closer to the Russian heart, says the Chinese author. It is understood as independence, freedom in the expression of feelings and in the performance of actions. This is not freedom as a perceived necessity, that is, the possibility of a person’s manifestation of his will on the basis of awareness of the law.
The Russian people have willpower, courage and courage. Possessing a freedom-loving character, this nation gained victories over the invaders. He sought and great success in peaceful construction.
Comrade Song Yanwei is also stopping at such a quality as kindness. He gives a whole list: humanity, penchant for repentance, cordiality, sincere softness.
For kindness follow patience and perseverance. Russian, according to the author, have unlimited patience, an amazing ability to endure hardship and hardship. This is one of the most characteristic features of the Russian people, which has become "legendary."
A foreigner could not pass by such features as hospitality, generosity and breadth of nature of the Russian people. "Though not rich, but the guests are happy," "If there is anything in the oven, all the swords are on the table!"
Finally, unlike many passionate critics of the Russian heart, both from the East and from the West, the Chinese talk about Russian responsiveness. He says that the responsiveness and ability to understand another person, the ability to integrate with the culture of other nations is one of the distinguishing features of the Russian people. It is ethnic tolerance, along with exceptional ability to empathize and understand other nations, that allowed the Russian nation to create an unprecedented empire. Sun Yanwei repeats after Solovyov: "... the true unity of the peoples is not homogeneity, but nationwide ..."
Probably, the latter is much easier to understand for an Eastern person than for a Western person. The West, especially the United States, levels a person up to a limited consumer mechanism, at the same time digesting it in the melting pot of nations. Spreading the so-called democracy across the planet with fire and sword, Westerners row one size fits all, striving for that same “homogeneity” that Solovyov does not like. Instead of the people - the electorate, instead of will and character - the constitution and declaration, instead of the truth - the law, instead of friendship - "partnership". No, we do not say that this is fundamentally bad and that in the West everything is completely liars and carriers of double standards. We say: we do not really understand. And we do not like it very much. Moreover, we declare: it is yours, and we do not need it. Leave it to yourself.
It is impossible to teach one civilization to become another, based on the principle: these people are not like us, and you need to remake them, inspire them with our "true" values, despite the fact that they don’t accept these values - either because of backwardness, whether by virtue of natural stupidity or laziness. For the fact that the philosopher Fukuyama declared “the end of history” in 1992 year, today is more like the beginning of a new era in which the “boss is always right” place simply will not find a western democracy with its aggressive geopolitical thesis.
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