Diesel-electric submarines of the 877 "Halibus" project
Their development in 1974 according to the TTZ approved by the USSR Navy was carried out by the designers of the Rubin Central Design Bureau, headed by Yu.N. Kormilitsyn together with the Research Institute. Krylov. If the boats of the 641 project were traditionally narrow and long, then the outer and light hull was made spindly, with a round nose configuration like that of an NPS. The case itself was designed in such a way that the hydrodynamic resistance was minimal. Several models were tested and brought to perfection in the experimental pool and on the stands.
The design of the submarines project 877 "Halibut" - two-hull. The shape of the body is most adapted to reduce noise and resistance.
Durable housing is in the form of a cylinder, cross-section - circular. Hull end designs - spherical. Durable watertight bulkheads divide the body into six compartments:
1 st - nasal, serves to accommodate torpedo tubes;
2 is the main command post and batteries;
3 is a double-decker, residential, galley and cabins on the upper deck, batteries on the lower deck;
4-th - diesel generators;
5-th - rowing motors;
6-th - backup power plant and electric motors of the economic course.
AK-25 steel was used to make a robust case.
The lightweight body was given a streamlined spindle-shaped "Albacor" shape. The special coating absorbs the radiation of the enemy hydroacoustic systems. The main ballast tanks, other tanks, as well as various equipment are located in the double-breasted space. Although, due to the double-hulled design, the submarine has a significant underwater volume, in emergency situations this makes it possible to increase survivability by ensuring the unsinkability with large submerged ship volumes. In the cruising position, the submarine can be afloat even when flooding any compartment and two adjacent tanks of the main ballast of one side.
Fencing mines pull-out devices located approximately in the middle of the ship. The bridge is also equipped in it. All retractable devices, with the exception of the commander's periscope, are made not penetrating into a solid case. Thanks to this, the central post was made more spacious and convenient for controlling the vessel and its combat systems.
Nasal horizontal rudders were also retractable. In order to reduce the interference caused by them in the operation of the hydroacoustic complex, they were transferred from the nose to the middle part of the hull. Also, scuppers were removed from the nasal tip, and all mechanisms emitting noise from the first compartment were removed.
The main power plant was designed according to the scheme of full electromotive motion, that is, in the surface and in the underwater position, the movement is provided by a propeller motor.
The main power plant includes:
- main propulsion motor ПГ141 (power 5500 hp). On the submarine B-800 and on the boats of the 636 project, a low-speed engine PG165 of the same power is installed.
- The 2DL-4МХ diesel generator 42 (power of each 1500 kW; the first two submarines of the 877 project installed 2х4ДЛ-42М power of each 1000 kW) with the system of the diesel generator under water. On versions 877М and 636, diesel generator 30ДГ (power of one 1500 kW) is installed, which also work with RDP.
- two groups of lead-acid batteries.
For economy mode. the course provides a special rowing 190-strong electric motor PGNNXX. Starting from the submarine B-142 / project 800В / project 877, a low-speed 636-strong engine PGN190 is installed.
The design feature of the submarines of the 877 project is the presence of a pair of backup 102-strong PG-168 electric motors. These engines provide the boat movement in narrow places, allow you to maneuver during mooring, and can also be used for the course in case of damage to the main shaft and propeller.
A low-speed six-blade propeller of a fixed pitch was used as a propulsion unit. On boats B-470 and B-800 7-blade from the alloy "Aurora" with saber blades. On the sides in the aft hull are located thrusters water jets. The process of submersion / ascent of a submarine is automated.
When moving underwater, the submarine develops maximum speed in 17 nodes, in the surface - 10 nodes. The range of navigation under water at a speed of 7 nodes in diesel operation mode is 6000 miles, an economical course at a speed of 3 node in a submerged position, the boat can overcome 400 miles.
Starting from the submarine B-800, they are equipped with a rescue hatch, which allows you to leave a submerged submarine from the depths to 250 meters (made in the rear part).
Energy - two groups of lead-acid batteries for 120 elements in each. On submarines of the 636M project, batteries are used that have an increased service life by 2,5 times while maintaining the same power.
Boats equipped with an improved navigation system. On various modifications of the 877 “Halibut” project, “Andoga”, “Apassionat-EKM”, “Apassionat-EKM.1” complexes are installed. To search for surface targets and monitor the air situation is a radar station, as well as means that detect the radiation of enemy radars. Hydroacoustic equipment - active and passive. Information from all means of observation and posts are received in a multi-purpose BISA (Lama / Knot, Lama EKM / Knot), processed by a computer, and then transferred to the commander’s disposal, to a command post that is isolated from other compartments . Management of general ship systems is carried out from the control panel "Palladium" or "Palladium-EM" (depending on the modification).
Most of the mechanisms are supplied with vibration-absorbing coatings and mounted on shock absorbers, others are arranged on special platforms in blocks, which, in combination with a low-noise propeller, makes the submarine less noticeable compared to other types of submarines.
Submarine armament - six 533-millimeter torpedo tubes located in the bow. Of these, two vehicles in the upper tier are designed for firing remote-controlled torpedoes. Management and reloading (“Moray” quick reloading device is used) - remote with gearbox. Loading torpedoes was carried out using a special loading device. Ammunition - 18 torpedoes, 6 of which were in the torpedo tubes, 12 - on the racks. The torpedoes 53-56B, 53-56BA, 53-65K, SET-53M, TEST-71M, SET-65E, USET-80K could be used. Instead of torpedoes, 24 mines DM-1: 12 mines into torpedo tubes (2 per apparatus) and as many on racks could be taken on board.
For anti-aircraft defense, submarines of the 877 project, which were part of the Soviet Navy, were armed with the Strela-3 anti-aircraft missile system (during the modernization, Strela-3М, Igla-1 9М313 were installed). The ammunition complex - 8 missiles.
In projects 08773, 636М / 06361, the Club-S missile system was used with the launch of cruise missiles from torpedo tubes of the upper tier from a submerged position. Ammunition - 4 missiles. In the 06363 project, the Caliber-PL missile system was used with the launch of missiles from a submerged position.
A powerful mine-torpedo armament complex can solve multipurpose tasks. They are provided with firing of ammunition at any depth of immersion and, together with the CICS, allows not only single, but also salvo firing at 2 targets.
In Komsomolsk-on-Amur, in 1979, the shipyard began to build the lead submarine of the 877 project, in September, it became operational in 1982. Later, the ships of this project were produced in Leningrad, as well as at the Red Sormovo plant. After they were spotted by foreign observers in 1981, NATO assigned the symbol Kilo.
The construction of the series for the Navy continued even after 1992. During the construction process, the project was constantly improved. For example, the submarine B-800 (created by the project 877LPMB) had a seven-blade saber screw made from Aurora alloy. This submarine was the first of the 877 project equipped with a rescue hatch and a system that allowed the submarine to exit from the 250-meter depth. Other equipment in the BC-5 was performed on the new element base. The submarine received low-speed main rowing electric motor and ECT and other innovations, as well as additional acoustic equipment from the MGK-400 hydroacoustic complex (for this they even reduced the SPK cabin), new navigation equipment not included in the navigation complex, and so on.
Eight of the last ships of the series were built on a slightly modified project. Due to the increase in the hull of the boat by two settings (2х600 mm), they installed more powerful diesel generators (1,5 times), with improved damping of the platform, the Hall anchor that was retracted inside, low-speed main electric motor. Total replaced 30 equipment with a new more maintainable and low noise. The equipment resource has increased 2 times, the maintainability of ships has improved.
Modifications:
The 877 “Halibut” project (08770 sub-series) is the basic serial version of the submarine, the head ones are B-248, B-401. In addition to the 08770 series, there were 08771 or 08772 series - which differed between manufacturers.
The 877E Varshavyanka project is an export modification of the first series 877 submarine project. Delivered to the Warsaw Pact countries. It differs mainly in equipment and is not completed with an air defense missile system.
The project 877EK - submarines were not built, is the "export commercial" options adapted to tropical conditions.
The 877ECM project is the “export commercial upgraded” version of the 877 submarine project. Deliveries were made to Algeria, India, Iran and China. The hydroacoustic system MGC-400E was installed. The project was adapted to tropical operating conditions. In 1999, for the Indian Navy, the 08773 project was upgraded to the designation. Modification of equipment and weapons systems (equipped with launchers of cruise missiles Club-S). She received the Lama-ER control system, the MHK-400EM / MGK-EM hydroacoustic complex, the Palladium-M combat information management system. On the modification of the submarine the vtorulievaya group and the design are kept similar to the project 877EKM.
Project 877LPMB (B-800 "Kaluga") - equipped with 7-blade propeller from the alloy "Aurora" having saber blades. A rescue hatch was also equipped, which allows evacuation from depths to 250 m. The equipment of the warhead-5 was reworked, the engine of an economical stroke and the main rowing motor were lower-speed. On the boat installed additional navigational equipment.
Project 877В - equipped with a water jet. The main tactical and technical characteristics similar to the project 877.
Project 877M “Paltus-M” - 8 of the latest submarines of the 877 series of projects for the Russian Navy. The body is extended by 1,2 m.
Project 877B - the project of modernization of the submarine project 877. Research and development work was carried out in the 1980-s based on the project 877M. Under this project, an experimental submarine B-90 "Sargan" was laid, which was completed later on the 20120 project.
877К / 877МК projects - modernized 877 and 877М projects. after the modernization of equipment (in particular, the combat information and control system).
The 636 project - developed by the Rubin Central Design Bureau, is an export modification of the 877М project for the Chinese Navy, the equipment has been upgraded to the 877М project type, and sound-absorbing technologies are widely used.
The 636M project is an upgraded version of the 636 project. The equipment was changed, an inertial navigation complex, a periscope having a laser rangefinder, a TV channel and a night vision channel were installed. Towed antenna communication KV and add ranges. Club-S cruise missiles with launch through torpedo tubes from a submerged position can be used. Project 06361 - modification of the submarine for the Vietnamese Navy. Project 06363 - modification of the project with the updated equipment. Armed with the Caliber missile system.
The project of a special submarine based on the 877 project is likely to be used for laying pipelines on the seabed. Perhaps, after equipping it can be used for a wide range of jobs.
Submarines of the 877 “Halibus” project as well as their modifications were delivered to:
Algeria - 2 submarines of the project 877EKM;
India - 9 submarines of the 877ECM project (8 upgraded to 08773) + 1 built on the 08773 project;
Iran - 3 submarines 877EKM;
China - 1 submarine project 636M + 2 submarine project 877EKM;
Poland - 1 submarine project 877;
Romania - 1 submarine project 877.
The Russian naval forces include the 24 diesel-electric submarines of the 877 “Halibus” project and their modifications.
Performance characteristics: (2000)
Surface displacement - 2300 tons (draft 636 / 636М - 2350 tons);
Underwater displacement - 3040 tons (draft 636 / 636М - 3100 tons);
The greatest length - 72,6 m (projects 877М / 636 / 636М - 73,8 m);
Reserve buoyancy - 32%;
Durable body length - 51,8 m;
The greatest width - 9,9 m;
Draft on KVL - 6,2 m;
Main power installation:
- the number and power of diesel engines - 2х1000 kW, type DL42МХ (on the last 8 boats 2х1500 kW type 30ДГ);
- quantity and power of HED - 1х5500 HP
- the number and power of electric motors EH - hp 1x190 (PG-166);
- the number and power of the backup HED - HP 2x102 (PG-168);
- propellers - low noise VFSh;
- fuel supply - 172 t .;
- the number of battery groups, the number of elements - 2х120;
Surface speed of the stroke –10 knots (project 636 / 636М - 11 knots);
Underwater stroke speed –17 nodes (on the last 8 - 19 nodes);
Economic underwater travel speed - 3,0 node;
The range of the underwater stroke (speed 7 nodes, under the RDP) - 7500 miles (projects 636 / 636М with an increased fuel reserve);
Submerged range (node speed 3) - 400 miles;
Submerged range (speed 21 knot) - 12,7 miles;
Immersion depth working - 240 m (projects 636 / 636М / 877М - 250 m)
Depth periscope - 17,5 m (maximum agitation 5 points);
Maximum immersion depth - 350 m (projects 877EKM / 636 / 636М - 300 m);
Autonomy - 45 days;
Crew - 57 people (projects 877EKM / 877В / 636 / 636М - 52 people) incl. officers - 12;
Armament:
- rocket complex (project 08773) - Ciub-S;
- nasal torpedo tubes - 6;
- caliber - 533-mm
- the number of torpedoes - 18 (SET-65Е, 53-65К, TEST-71М, USET-80К);
- the number and type of mines (instead of torpedoes) - 24 pcs., DM-1;
- MANPADS - Strela-ZM / Igla-1;
State identification radar station - Nichrom-M.
Based on materials:
http://militaryrussia.ru
http://www.deepstorm.ru
http://army.lv
http://nashflot.ru
http://www.warships.ru
- Peter Ulyakin
- http://militaryrussia.ru
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