Diesel-electric submarines of the 877 "Halibus" project

17
In 1970-s, it was decided to replenish the Navy with diesel-electric submarines of the new generation, which had to act against submarines and surface ships, put up minefields, and conduct reconnaissance. Submarines should be relatively small, high-speed, low-noise, have perfect radio, sonar and electronic equipment. Since such submarines were going to deliver to the Allies under the Warsaw Pact, in addition to the usual project number - 877, she was given a proper name - "Varshavyanka".

Diesel-electric submarines of the 877 "Halibus" project
Submarine B-871 "Alrosa" pr.877V KILO enters the raid of Cartagena (Spain) to participate in joint ventures with fleets NATO maneuvers "Bold Monarch 2011". May 25, 2011 (photo from the archive of Vladimir Vladimirovich, http://ejercitos.org)


Their development in 1974 according to the TTZ approved by the USSR Navy was carried out by the designers of the Rubin Central Design Bureau, headed by Yu.N. Kormilitsyn together with the Research Institute. Krylov. If the boats of the 641 project were traditionally narrow and long, then the outer and light hull was made spindly, with a round nose configuration like that of an NPS. The case itself was designed in such a way that the hydrodynamic resistance was minimal. Several models were tested and brought to perfection in the experimental pool and on the stands.

The design of the submarines project 877 "Halibut" - two-hull. The shape of the body is most adapted to reduce noise and resistance.

Durable housing is in the form of a cylinder, cross-section - circular. Hull end designs - spherical. Durable watertight bulkheads divide the body into six compartments:
1 st - nasal, serves to accommodate torpedo tubes;
2 is the main command post and batteries;
3 is a double-decker, residential, galley and cabins on the upper deck, batteries on the lower deck;
4-th - diesel generators;
5-th - rowing motors;
6-th - backup power plant and electric motors of the economic course.

AK-25 steel was used to make a robust case.

Submarine Ave 877EKM serial number 01325 Sindhurakshak Indian Navy on tests after repair with modernization at the shipyard Zvezdochka in Severodvinsk, 25.11.2012 (photo - CA "Zvezdochka", http://zvezdochka-ru.livejournal.com/)


The lightweight body was given a streamlined spindle-shaped "Albacor" shape. The special coating absorbs the radiation of the enemy hydroacoustic systems. The main ballast tanks, other tanks, as well as various equipment are located in the double-breasted space. Although, due to the double-hulled design, the submarine has a significant underwater volume, in emergency situations this makes it possible to increase survivability by ensuring the unsinkability with large submerged ship volumes. In the cruising position, the submarine can be afloat even when flooding any compartment and two adjacent tanks of the main ballast of one side.

Fencing mines pull-out devices located approximately in the middle of the ship. The bridge is also equipped in it. All retractable devices, with the exception of the commander's periscope, are made not penetrating into a solid case. Thanks to this, the central post was made more spacious and convenient for controlling the vessel and its combat systems.

Nasal horizontal rudders were also retractable. In order to reduce the interference caused by them in the operation of the hydroacoustic complex, they were transferred from the nose to the middle part of the hull. Also, scuppers were removed from the nasal tip, and all mechanisms emitting noise from the first compartment were removed.

The main power plant was designed according to the scheme of full electromotive motion, that is, in the surface and in the underwater position, the movement is provided by a propeller motor.

The main power plant includes:
- main propulsion motor ПГ141 (power 5500 hp). On the submarine B-800 and on the boats of the 636 project, a low-speed engine PG165 of the same power is installed.
- The 2DL-4МХ diesel generator 42 (power of each 1500 kW; the first two submarines of the 877 project installed 2х4ДЛ-42М power of each 1000 kW) with the system of the diesel generator under water. On versions 877М and 636, diesel generator 30ДГ (power of one 1500 kW) is installed, which also work with RDP.
- two groups of lead-acid batteries.

For economy mode. the course provides a special rowing 190-strong electric motor PGNNXX. Starting from the submarine B-142 / project 800В / project 877, a low-speed 636-strong engine PGN190 is installed.



PL B-871 "Alrosa" pr.877B KILO and disassembled jet propulsion. Sevastopol, PD-30 float, regular repair, 12 January 2006 (photo - Dmitry Stogniy, http://forums.airbase.ru)


The design feature of the submarines of the 877 project is the presence of a pair of backup 102-strong PG-168 electric motors. These engines provide the boat movement in narrow places, allow you to maneuver during mooring, and can also be used for the course in case of damage to the main shaft and propeller.

A low-speed six-blade propeller of a fixed pitch was used as a propulsion unit. On boats B-470 and B-800 7-blade from the alloy "Aurora" with saber blades. On the sides in the aft hull are located thrusters water jets. The process of submersion / ascent of a submarine is automated.

When moving underwater, the submarine develops maximum speed in 17 nodes, in the surface - 10 nodes. The range of navigation under water at a speed of 7 nodes in diesel operation mode is 6000 miles, an economical course at a speed of 3 node in a submerged position, the boat can overcome 400 miles.

Starting from the submarine B-800, they are equipped with a rescue hatch, which allows you to leave a submerged submarine from the depths to 250 meters (made in the rear part).

Energy - two groups of lead-acid batteries for 120 elements in each. On submarines of the 636M project, batteries are used that have an increased service life by 2,5 times while maintaining the same power.

Boats equipped with an improved navigation system. On various modifications of the 877 “Halibut” project, “Andoga”, “Apassionat-EKM”, “Apassionat-EKM.1” complexes are installed. To search for surface targets and monitor the air situation is a radar station, as well as means that detect the radiation of enemy radars. Hydroacoustic equipment - active and passive. Information from all means of observation and posts are received in a multi-purpose BISA (Lama / Knot, Lama EKM / Knot), processed by a computer, and then transferred to the commander’s disposal, to a command post that is isolated from other compartments . Management of general ship systems is carried out from the control panel "Palladium" or "Palladium-EM" (depending on the modification).

Loading torpedoes 53-65КE on a submarine Ave 877EKM KILO Chinese Navy (http://cnair.top81.cn)

Loading the Club-S rocket into the torpedo tube of the Indian submarine Ave. 08773. For loading, a platform attached to the submarine hull is used (the picture was taken no later than 2009, http://forums.airbase.ru)


Most of the mechanisms are supplied with vibration-absorbing coatings and mounted on shock absorbers, others are arranged on special platforms in blocks, which, in combination with a low-noise propeller, makes the submarine less noticeable compared to other types of submarines.

Submarine armament - six 533-millimeter torpedo tubes located in the bow. Of these, two vehicles in the upper tier are designed for firing remote-controlled torpedoes. Management and reloading (“Moray” quick reloading device is used) - remote with gearbox. Loading torpedoes was carried out using a special loading device. Ammunition - 18 torpedoes, 6 of which were in the torpedo tubes, 12 - on the racks. The torpedoes 53-56B, 53-56BA, 53-65K, SET-53M, TEST-71M, SET-65E, USET-80K could be used. Instead of torpedoes, 24 mines DM-1: 12 mines into torpedo tubes (2 per apparatus) and as many on racks could be taken on board.

For anti-aircraft defense, submarines of the 877 project, which were part of the Soviet Navy, were armed with the Strela-3 anti-aircraft missile system (during the modernization, Strela-3М, Igla-1 9М313 were installed). The ammunition complex - 8 missiles.

In projects 08773, 636М / 06361, the Club-S missile system was used with the launch of cruise missiles from torpedo tubes of the upper tier from a submerged position. Ammunition - 4 missiles. In the 06363 project, the Caliber-PL missile system was used with the launch of missiles from a submerged position.

A powerful mine-torpedo armament complex can solve multipurpose tasks. They are provided with firing of ammunition at any depth of immersion and, together with the CICS, allows not only single, but also salvo firing at 2 targets.

In Komsomolsk-on-Amur, in 1979, the shipyard began to build the lead submarine of the 877 project, in September, it became operational in 1982. Later, the ships of this project were produced in Leningrad, as well as at the Red Sormovo plant. After they were spotted by foreign observers in 1981, NATO assigned the symbol Kilo.

The construction of the series for the Navy continued even after 1992. During the construction process, the project was constantly improved. For example, the submarine B-800 (created by the project 877LPMB) had a seven-blade saber screw made from Aurora alloy. This submarine was the first of the 877 project equipped with a rescue hatch and a system that allowed the submarine to exit from the 250-meter depth. Other equipment in the BC-5 was performed on the new element base. The submarine received low-speed main rowing electric motor and ECT and other innovations, as well as additional acoustic equipment from the MGK-400 hydroacoustic complex (for this they even reduced the SPK cabin), new navigation equipment not included in the navigation complex, and so on.

Eight of the last ships of the series were built on a slightly modified project. Due to the increase in the hull of the boat by two settings (2х600 mm), they installed more powerful diesel generators (1,5 times), with improved damping of the platform, the Hall anchor that was retracted inside, low-speed main electric motor. Total replaced 30 equipment with a new more maintainable and low noise. The equipment resource has increased 2 times, the maintainability of ships has improved.

Submarine Ave 877 (probably, pryu 877EKM B-806) with a diesel generator running under the RDP, Baltic Sea, 10.09.2007 (author photo - Alex Suetin, http://fotki.yandex.ru)


Modifications:
The 877 “Halibut” project (08770 sub-series) is the basic serial version of the submarine, the head ones are B-248, B-401. In addition to the 08770 series, there were 08771 or 08772 series - which differed between manufacturers.
The 877E Varshavyanka project is an export modification of the first series 877 submarine project. Delivered to the Warsaw Pact countries. It differs mainly in equipment and is not completed with an air defense missile system.
The project 877EK - submarines were not built, is the "export commercial" options adapted to tropical conditions.
The 877ECM project is the “export commercial upgraded” version of the 877 submarine project. Deliveries were made to Algeria, India, Iran and China. The hydroacoustic system MGC-400E was installed. The project was adapted to tropical operating conditions. In 1999, for the Indian Navy, the 08773 project was upgraded to the designation. Modification of equipment and weapons systems (equipped with launchers of cruise missiles Club-S). She received the Lama-ER control system, the MHK-400EM / MGK-EM hydroacoustic complex, the Palladium-M combat information management system. On the modification of the submarine the vtorulievaya group and the design are kept similar to the project 877EKM.
Project 877LPMB (B-800 "Kaluga") - equipped with 7-blade propeller from the alloy "Aurora" having saber blades. A rescue hatch was also equipped, which allows evacuation from depths to 250 m. The equipment of the warhead-5 was reworked, the engine of an economical stroke and the main rowing motor were lower-speed. On the boat installed additional navigational equipment.
Project 877В - equipped with a water jet. The main tactical and technical characteristics similar to the project 877.
Project 877M “Paltus-M” - 8 of the latest submarines of the 877 series of projects for the Russian Navy. The body is extended by 1,2 m.
Project 877B - the project of modernization of the submarine project 877. Research and development work was carried out in the 1980-s based on the project 877M. Under this project, an experimental submarine B-90 "Sargan" was laid, which was completed later on the 20120 project.
877К / 877МК projects - modernized 877 and 877М projects. after the modernization of equipment (in particular, the combat information and control system).
The 636 project - developed by the Rubin Central Design Bureau, is an export modification of the 877М project for the Chinese Navy, the equipment has been upgraded to the 877М project type, and sound-absorbing technologies are widely used.
The 636M project is an upgraded version of the 636 project. The equipment was changed, an inertial navigation complex, a periscope having a laser rangefinder, a TV channel and a night vision channel were installed. Towed antenna communication KV and add ranges. Club-S cruise missiles with launch through torpedo tubes from a submerged position can be used. Project 06361 - modification of the submarine for the Vietnamese Navy. Project 06363 - modification of the project with the updated equipment. Armed with the Caliber missile system.
The project of a special submarine based on the 877 project is likely to be used for laying pipelines on the seabed. Perhaps, after equipping it can be used for a wide range of jobs.

Submarines of the 877 “Halibus” project as well as their modifications were delivered to:
Algeria - 2 submarines of the project 877EKM;
India - 9 submarines of the 877ECM project (8 upgraded to 08773) + 1 built on the 08773 project;
Iran - 3 submarines 877EKM;
China - 1 submarine project 636M + 2 submarine project 877EKM;
Poland - 1 submarine project 877;
Romania - 1 submarine project 877.

PL B-464 "Ust-Kamchatsk" pr.877 (modernized) in floating dock (http://forums.airbase.ru)


The Russian naval forces include the 24 diesel-electric submarines of the 877 “Halibus” project and their modifications.

Performance characteristics: (2000)
Surface displacement - 2300 tons (draft 636 / 636М - 2350 tons);
Underwater displacement - 3040 tons (draft 636 / 636М - 3100 tons);
The greatest length - 72,6 m (projects 877М / 636 / 636М - 73,8 m);
Reserve buoyancy - 32%;
Durable body length - 51,8 m;
The greatest width - 9,9 m;
Draft on KVL - 6,2 m;
Main power installation:
- the number and power of diesel engines - 2х1000 kW, type DL42МХ (on the last 8 boats 2х1500 kW type 30ДГ);
- quantity and power of HED - 1х5500 HP
- the number and power of electric motors EH - hp 1x190 (PG-166);
- the number and power of the backup HED - HP 2x102 (PG-168);
- propellers - low noise VFSh;
- fuel supply - 172 t .;
- the number of battery groups, the number of elements - 2х120;
Surface speed of the stroke –10 knots (project 636 / 636М - 11 knots);
Underwater stroke speed –17 nodes (on the last 8 - 19 nodes);
Economic underwater travel speed - 3,0 node;
The range of the underwater stroke (speed 7 nodes, under the RDP) - 7500 miles (projects 636 / 636М with an increased fuel reserve);
Submerged range (node ​​speed 3) - 400 miles;
Submerged range (speed 21 knot) - 12,7 miles;
Immersion depth working - 240 m (projects 636 / 636М / 877М - 250 m)
Depth periscope - 17,5 m (maximum agitation 5 points);
Maximum immersion depth - 350 m (projects 877EKM / 636 / 636М - 300 m);
Autonomy - 45 days;
Crew - 57 people (projects 877EKM / 877В / 636 / 636М - 52 people) incl. officers - 12;
Armament:
- rocket complex (project 08773) - Ciub-S;
- nasal torpedo tubes - 6;
- caliber - 533-mm
- the number of torpedoes - 18 (SET-65Е, 53-65К, TEST-71М, USET-80К);
- the number and type of mines (instead of torpedoes) - 24 pcs., DM-1;
- MANPADS - Strela-ZM / Igla-1;
State identification radar station - Nichrom-M.

The first submarine for the Vietnamese Navy Ave. 06361 factory number 01339 at the outbuilding wall of the Admiralty Shipyards, St. Petersburg. 20.09.2012 (photo - havron, http://forums.airbase.ru)



Constructions of the light hull Submarine B-261 "Novorossiysk" pr.06363 at the Admiralty shipyards. St. Petersburg, published on 27.11.2012 (photo - Vyacheslav Stepanov, http://gelio-nsk.livejournal.com)




Launching after repair of submarine submarine Taregh pr. 877EKM Iranian Navy, 28 May 2012 (photo - Azin Haghighi, http://imp-navigator.livejournal.com/)


Based on materials:
http://militaryrussia.ru
http://www.deepstorm.ru
http://army.lv
http://nashflot.ru
http://www.warships.ru
Our news channels

Subscribe and stay up to date with the latest news and the most important events of the day.

17 comments
Information
Dear reader, to leave comments on the publication, you must sign in.
  1. +2
    5 February 2013 09: 14
    Anaerobic power plants must be created, then this boat project will be super !!! hi
    1. 755962
      +4
      5 February 2013 13: 33
      Quote: Andrey57
      Anaerobic power plants must be created

      They are created ..
      Anaerobic installations will make submarines more secretive - Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy

      Andrei Dyachkov, general director of Sevmash and the Rubin Central Design Bureau of Marine Engineering, told RIA Novosti that Rubin specialists are completing tests of a test bed of a fundamentally new engine for non-nuclear submarines - an air-independent power plant (VNEU) with an electrochemical generator. Rubin's specialists have confirmed the technical feasibility of producing hydrogen directly on board the boat.

      The promising Russian VNEU allows the use of standard diesel fuel and does not require complicated coastal maintenance. However, it does not have moving parts - in terms of acoustics this is a great advantage.


      http://ria.ru/defense_safety/20120606/666754904.html
  2. avt
    +4
    5 February 2013 09: 27
    Liked good Especially pictures good healthy labor, everyday, the most. I even read the text inattentively! laughing So the pictures got hooked. hi
  3. Kibb
    +1
    5 February 2013 12: 06
    Photos are just super. THANK
  4. +2
    5 February 2013 13: 29
    Beautiful boats. Oh, the sea ....... Sea people will understand.
  5. +1
    5 February 2013 14: 28
    The boats are beautiful, but the crew hats, I don’t like them at all. Pilots with visors - some ugliness. And the long sleeve of a tunic (or what it is) although there are shorts on the legs. The absurdity is complete.
  6. +7
    5 February 2013 18: 52
    Quote: Nester
    the crew hats, I don’t like them at all. Pilots with visors - some ugliness. And the long sleeve of a tunic (or what it is) although there are shorts on the legs. The absurdity is complete.

    This is the so-called tropical uniform for warriors. Includes cotton clothing attributes: light jacket with a turn-down collar and pants of. composition, for ordinary composition - shorts (although secretly worn by officers), for all cotton caps with a detachable cloth visor (sun protection) and leather slippers. A very good solution when finding submarines in hot latitudes, and it is not a shame to appear in public. In general, it can be very hot inside the solid case when the submarine is in the tropics, and then they go inside wearing disposable underwear - gauze underpants and T-shirts without hats. Full pipets occurs when the air conditioner fails - the temperature inside can rise to 40 - 50 degrees. The same will happen when the submarine is parked in a hot sunny area (air conditioning does not work with open ventilation).
    1. postman
      0
      5 February 2013 20: 56
      Quote: Veteran
      In general, it can be very hot inside a solid hull when submarines are in the tropics,


      Quote: Veteran
      the temperature inside can rise to 40 - 50 degrees.


      ???? with what fright?
      Tropical climate zone
      Pacific Ocean
      Northeast Australia (Offshore Coral Reef, Coral Sea)
      Water Temperature: in the summer of 24-27C; in winter 22-24C.
      Melanesia (Fiji)
      Water Temperature: All year round 24-27С
      Polynesia (French Polynesia)
      Water Temperature: All year round 29C.
      Indonesia and Malaysia
      Water Temperature: All year round 24-27С.
      Atlantic Ocean
      The Caribbean Sea
      Water Temperature: in the summer of 27-29C; in winter 24-26C.
      Southeastern North America (Bahamas)
      Water Temperature: in the summer of 27-28C; winter 24-26С
      Eastern South America (Brazil)
      Water Temperature: All year round 24-28С;
      Indian Ocean
      Red sea In the summer (on shallow waters) up to 30s
      Water Temperature: in the summer of 24-27C; in winter 20-23C.

      and this is all SURFACE LAYER TEMPERATURE (up to 0,5 m), WITH DEPTH DEPTH DROP (sharp) to 1500m:




      freeze on the pl all the time, freeze.
  7. +6
    5 February 2013 21: 35
    Quote: Postman
    freeze on the pl all the time, freeze.

    What are you saying? Well, firstly, we are not talking about nuclear submarines. As for the diesel-electric submarines, already in 1962 (the Caribbean crisis), the most recent diesel-electric submarines of the 641 project, originally built for operations in the North Atlantic basin, suffered from severe heat torment inside a solid building and had thermal shock. Therefore, taking into account the fact that these boats began to be sent to the countries of Africa and Cuba, from the 70-s they began to be equipped with general ship air conditioners of Soviet manufacture. In the underwater position in the same Mediterranean Sea, this allowed for several hours to bring down the temperature in the compartments to 27 degrees. If the air conditioner failed (and this happened often), the temperature in the compartments increased: in the 1-m compartment - to 37 deg., In the 2-m - to 42 deg., In the 6-electric motor - to 50 - 55 deg. What personally as a crew member I testify. We are frozen only in the Barents Sea. Sources of increased heat inside the diesel-electric submarine are working mechanisms, especially rowing ED, KPCH (devices for flameless combustion of hydrogen, + 300 gr.), A galley, heated after a charge of the battery banks, etc.
    In the above-water position, when the submarine is parked in the base under the tropical sun, its black body becomes so hot during the day that the bare hand gets burned.
    1. postman
      +1
      5 February 2013 23: 22
      Quote: Veteran
      What are you saying?

      mb
      the submariner was not:
      1. according to the literature - freeze and condensate
      2. logically, if the temperature of the medium (excellent thermal conductivity), why should the temperature of the body immersed in it be 50C? (Yes, machines, mechanisms, heat sources), that's right. But in water? (+ Convection)? It's like "swimming in a coolant"
      3.type 212A with Siemens SINAVY (CIS) PEM BZM34 operating temperature 37C(-SPECIALLY HEAT).
      4. If a body with T = 60C in an environment of 10-15C (Submerged), then it "phonites"! : stealth?
      5. Why is there no cooling with sea water?

      Quote: Veteran
      Well, firstly, we are not talking about nuclear submarines

      NPS, on the contrary, have a lot of heat sources.
      And DEPL What? (Underwater)
      Quote: Veteran
      In the above-water position while parking the submarine

      2/3 of the body in water (25С-27С), sediment


      There are 3 problems in maintaining life in the enclosed space of submarines:
      / words are not mine Foltz D. The design of air conditioning and ventilating systems for nuclear submarines since Nautilus. 1990./
      * content of the required amount of air
      * problem of supplying clean water
      * maintaining a certain temperature:

      The average water temperature in the ocean is usually 39 degrees Fahrenheit (4 Co). The metal from which the submarines are made internally transfers heat to the water. Therefore, it is necessary to electrically heat the boat in order to maintain a favorable temperature for the crew. Power supply for heating comes from nuclear reactors, diesel engines or batteries (in case of emergency).


      Quote: Veteran
      DEPL Ave. 641,

      I read the same.

      In turn, diesel-electric submarines of that time needed periodic ascent to recharge batteries. And the situation just did not allow to do this even under the RDP. In addition, the high temperature in the compartments, which reached 60 degrees, made it difficult for personnel to keep watch and, in some cases, led to thermal shock.
      Something does not fit together. The temperature of sea water (on the surface) brought. The boat at a depth (even colder), did not emerge, on batteries.
      HOW DOES 60C?
      Crazy heat flow:
      Q = a2 (t2 - t``zh) F,
      F- surface area of ​​the submarine
      1. Misantrop
        +3
        6 February 2013 00: 43
        Quote: Postman
        . according to the literature, freeze and condensate

        Send these "writers" ... to the autonomous system. We did not freeze even in the pole area. True, refrigeration machines were not particularly driven, the RVO mode was enough. But the guys from the 667A boats of the project, who went to the Atlantic, drove their refrigerators under steam with a maximum load. For in the areas of combat patrol they constantly had +27 - +28 Celsius. This is at a depth of about 200 m. The seawater temperature is measured hourly at the entrance to the circulation lines and is recorded in the power plant's logbook. So, if you want to, you won't be able to lie. The only option when our submariners were freezing was during intra-base re-mooring in winter. The power plant is not started because of such nonsense, the transition is under a diesel engine, the RCP is also not raised. Suction comes from the compartment (and they are in the 6th), the bulkhead doors of the bow unit are open and on hooks. Those. outboard air goes through the SSR and further along the entire bow block. And there are no heaters in the cabins and on the power supply unit, they are simply not needed. It was only then that they froze ...

        The only heaters that I saw on board for the entire service were stoves in the galley, kettles in the cabins (whoever has one) and a few pieces in the sauna. ALL the rest is air conditioning chillers. As an officer of the BC-5, I know this for sure. This is despite the fact that our average temperature of sea water was from 0 to minus 2 Celsius. And went to the cotton and one-time thin linen wink
        1. postman
          0
          6 February 2013 01: 27
          Quote: Misantrop
          Send these "writers" ... to the autonomous system.
          YES, WELL ... I WILL NOT. and WHERE TO FIND THEM ...
          Quote: Misantrop
          The only heaters seen on board

          Maybe this is only with us?
          (thermal loads from electronic or electrical equipment, parameters of the main power plant)
          essentially parasitic heat: this is the result of low efficiency.
          (People do not take into account 100-130 VT X 1 unit, can be neglected.)
          All the same, the body is 9 to 000 m11, respectively, the heat transfer surface area ... \
          Mb this installation (firebox СО-Н2)


          still at 260 ° -316 ° C the process is going on.
          THEN EXCESSION OF HEAT IS UNDERSTANDING
          1. Misantrop
            0
            6 February 2013 11: 38
            Quote: Postman
            Mb this installation (firebox СО-Н2)

            This installation is called URM (marine carbon dioxide regenerator). A couple of dozen of these are on board. Speaking of heaters, I did not mean just everything that is heated during operation, but devices designed specifically for heating the environment, whether it be water or air from a compartment. And these URMs, by the way, were cooled from the OKS line of the nasal ring of the cooling circuit of the chiller (cooling reserve - from the industrial circuit of the ACS). They did not stand by red-hot stoves in the holds of living compartments. wink By the way, a couple of heating elements from them were used as heaters in the sauna

            As for the efficiency of systems and mechanisms, it was quite high, not at all lower than the civilian versions. It's just that there is a LOT of equipment operating at sea, all this is warm and summed up. For example, a piece of the usual report of the intercepting operator of the power plant: "ATG under load, load onboard at 1000A ..." Just imagine, in normal running mode on board the cruiser, various systems and mechanisms consume 2000 A of the main power network (380 V 50 Hz). This despite the fact that the movement is not under the power plant, but under the turbines
            1. postman
              -1
              6 February 2013 22: 26
              .
              Quote: Misantrop
              They did not stand by red-hot stoves in the holds of living compartments.

              Yes, this is understandable, heat sink, and discharge.

              Quote: Misantrop
              Estimate, in normal running mode, 2000 A of the main power network (380 V 50 Hz) is consumed on board the cruiser by various systems and mechanisms.

              Found everything
              Seawolf (SSN-21) RW Trent, (ASHRAE)
              When the boat is underway, the usual maximum cold flow rate is between 528 and 703 kW.
              specific cold consumption is 0,05-0,07 kW / m3.
              That's strange, why then Siemans
              warms up PEM BZM34 37С?
              If there is excess heat ... Strange

              Well then, if so, then on the thermal footprint of the submarine can be detected?
              (after all, in comparison with the environment), it "glows" with heat.
              Not just to discover, but to direct.
              Apparently the thermal footprint will be much larger in volume than the submarine itself,
        2. MURANO
          0
          6 February 2013 16: 08
          Quote: Misantrop
          The only heaters that I saw on board for the entire service were stoves in the galley, kettles in the cabins (whoever has one) and a few pieces in the sauna.

          Apparently, you didn’t enter the 4th and 5th .. smile
  8. +5
    6 February 2013 00: 07
    Quote: Postman
    And DEPL What? (Underwater)

    I wrote to you about the main sources of heat generation (some of the HRCs cost almost every meter drawer with T = + 300 gr., There are electric stoves in the galley, the whole extractor hood into the compartment, etc. In addition, 80 bodies submariners radiate heat). The robust submarine case is sheathed inside with an insulating thick porous material that prevents heat release to the external environment. Condensation is present only in the huge 1 compartment, and the whole drains into the hold. Here is the lowest temperature. The entire structural system of mechanisms in operation is designed for outboard temperature on average + 4 gr. With outboard T = 25 gr. natural heat sink does not provide thermal comfort for a person without the use of a refrigerator-air conditioner. Place the person in an insulated box with an internal temperature of 37 gr., Provide him with air breathing with T = 37 gr., And he will ultimately be on the verge of heatstroke from his own temperature - there is no heat exchange with the environment, which is comfortable for a person within 20 - 25 gr.
    And believe me, I have been in such a building for months, the figures I have given regarding the temperature in the compartments are true. And it is precisely in the underwater position that the heat hits the submarine submarines, therefore in the southern latitudes they crave the desired ascent primarily for ventilation of the body, and secondly, to get rid of the stinky and saturated with various harmful gases air.
    1. postman
      0
      6 February 2013 01: 33
      Quote: Veteran
      Put the person in an insulated box with an internal temperature of 37 g

      Well, it was not necessary to bring.
      I assumed that T is below 25 (inside)
      Quote: Veteran
      to get rid of smelly and saturated air with various harmful gases.

      And what about the installation of CO2 removal

      and furnace СО-Н2
      do not cope?
      Well, all the rest:
      Electrostatic deposition apparatus
      Oil mist settler
      Well, everything to the filter (including with lithium carbonate)
      ??
      1. Misantrop
        +1
        6 February 2013 11: 54
        All these systems are available (in different variations) on the nuclear submarine. And diesel engines use a chemical air regeneration system. Perhaps they will be used on new ones, if they manage to reduce their energy consumption (you can’t save any battery for these damn things, they eat too much). In addition, all these cleaning systems purify the air of only a few components, which they are counted on to combat. And the sources of odors are many hundreds (if not more). And most are pretty intense. So systems do poorly.

        For example, in the reactor compartment for controlling beta sols and beta gases, a VERY powerful ventilation system. 32-fold air exchange per hour (as many times per hour ALL the compartment air is driven through the filters). But at the same time, it’s easy to recognize the compartment by smell - the specific sweetish odor of polyethylene decomposing under the influence of a neutron flux is difficult to confuse with anything winked
        1. postman
          0
          6 February 2013 22: 30
          Quote: Misantrop
          a chemical air regeneration system is used.

          lithium oxide hydrate?
          Quote: Misantrop
          neutron flux polyethylene

          Ettto what kind of beast is this?
          I realized that the comma is not affixed, or you need to transfer the polyethylene
          it reads like a neutron flux from polyethylene
  9. Edgar
    0
    6 February 2013 15: 27
    tell me why in the Soviet navy were so committed to the two-hull design of the sub?
  10. Misantrop
    +2
    6 February 2013 15: 54
    Quote: Edgar
    why in the Soviet navy were so committed to the two-hull design pl

    Yes, simply because it is better in so many ways.
    1. A durable case can be made of simpler geometric shapes, which entails not only a simplification of manufacture, but also a significant increase in strength characteristics (with the same metal thickness).
    2. Most of the equipment can be moved to the double-hull space by unloading the compartments. For example, the cylinders of the VVD system, which are an EXTREMELY dangerous part of the design.
    3. The water gap between the strong and lightweight housings is a good absorber of the unmasking characteristics of personnel and operating equipment.
    4. When sailing in high latitudes, it is much easier to construct ice reinforcements that allow floating in the ice.
    5. much simpler and more reliable design of parts associated with the outboard fittings of a robust hull - there is no need to "lick the contours to improve the hydrodynamic characteristics.
    6. And one of the main advantages is a significantly larger buoyancy margin, which is essential in combat damage
    1. MURANO
      0
      6 February 2013 16: 12
      Quote: Misantrop
      Yes, simply because it is better in so many ways.

      And the minus in the most important thing is resonant noise. Spassky himself said.
      1. Misantrop
        0
        6 February 2013 18: 22
        Quote: MURANO
        And minus the most important thing is resonant noise

        If you do not take into account the possibility of their occurrence (and do not take measures), then yes
    2. Edgar
      0
      6 February 2013 16: 14
      then why do other countries build single-hull pl? Now I climbed sites - except for the USSR / Russia, no one has been building since the 50s. why?
      1. MURANO
        0
        6 February 2013 16: 16
        Quote: Edgar
        then why do other countries build single-hull pl?

        For a long time there were thoughts in bright heads. But industry ..
      2. Misantrop
        +1
        6 February 2013 18: 29
        Quote: Edgar
        why do other countries build single-hull pl?

        The established engineering school, the possibilities of industry and the economy of the metal of the hull. The latter is also a very significant factor, austenitic steels are VERY expensive. And the transition to single-hull in itself will not solve anything, it will only worsen the situation. The same "Severodvinsk" was made "taking into account world standards," the result was not encouraging (precisely in terms of secrecy). They can't even reach the level of 971 yet
  11. +5
    8 February 2013 00: 17
    Quote: Postman
    lithium oxide hydrate?

    Sodium (soda) lime in the B-64 plates, which are inserted into the special. metal containers - cassette boxes - RDU. The plates absorb carbon dioxide and water vapor, releasing oxygen. By the way, the reaction is exothermic, and the RDU are heated to 60 degrees, also contributing to a general increase in temperature in the compartments.
  12. 0
    19 February 2013 18: 43
    And why do not the contours of the light hull of submarines make them look like the body of a fish, for example, sharks or Atlantic marlin in order to reduce hydrodynamic resistance? feel Marlin is one of the fastest fish.
    I understand that one of the main characteristics of the submarine is its noiselessness (invisibility), but still the speed is also important.
    Or did the cigar shape do its best?
  13. 0
    28 July 2015 17: 51
    Black hole))))
  14. 0
    26 February 2016 20: 04
    Quote: fero

    I understand that one of the main characteristics of the submarine is its noiselessness (invisibility), but still the speed is also important.

    Invisibility is in the first place, but the body in the form of a fish body was already. Well, if I may say so. So learn the story.
  15. kig
    0
    4 February 2017 13: 48
    A rowing electric motor has a power of 4000 kW, and the diesel generators supplying it produce a total of 3000 kW, or even 2000 kW. Where does the missing power come from?

"Right Sector" (banned in Russia), "Ukrainian Insurgent Army" (UPA) (banned in Russia), ISIS (banned in Russia), "Jabhat Fatah al-Sham" formerly "Jabhat al-Nusra" (banned in Russia) , Taliban (banned in Russia), Al-Qaeda (banned in Russia), Anti-Corruption Foundation (banned in Russia), Navalny Headquarters (banned in Russia), Facebook (banned in Russia), Instagram (banned in Russia), Meta (banned in Russia), Misanthropic Division (banned in Russia), Azov (banned in Russia), Muslim Brotherhood (banned in Russia), Aum Shinrikyo (banned in Russia), AUE (banned in Russia), UNA-UNSO (banned in Russia), Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People (banned in Russia), Legion “Freedom of Russia” (armed formation, recognized as terrorist in the Russian Federation and banned)

“Non-profit organizations, unregistered public associations or individuals performing the functions of a foreign agent,” as well as media outlets performing the functions of a foreign agent: “Medusa”; "Voice of America"; "Realities"; "Present time"; "Radio Freedom"; Ponomarev; Savitskaya; Markelov; Kamalyagin; Apakhonchich; Makarevich; Dud; Gordon; Zhdanov; Medvedev; Fedorov; "Owl"; "Alliance of Doctors"; "RKK" "Levada Center"; "Memorial"; "Voice"; "Person and law"; "Rain"; "Mediazone"; "Deutsche Welle"; QMS "Caucasian Knot"; "Insider"; "New Newspaper"