The conspiracy and murder of the great sovereign Andrew Bogolyubsky

14
Hike to Novgorod

After the march on Kiev, Andrei Bogolyubsky also needed to punish and pacify Novgorod. The same army as defeated Kiev, under the command of Mstislav Andreevich went to the north. The army included the Vladimir-Suzdal, Smolensk, Polotsk, Ryazan and Murom regiments. The reason for the war was a dispute over the Dvina Duty, which Novgorod received from the Finno-Ugric tribes and which, from 1169, Dvintsi began to pay Suzdal.

The great army entered the Novgorod lands and began to devastate them. Mstislav Andreevich several times suggested that the Novgorodians enter into negotiations, but they refused. Prince Roman Mstislavich and posadnik Yakun armed the people and prepared for defense. In the fall of 1169, the Allies stepped up to the walls of Veliky Novgorod itself. Four times the governors drove the regiments to the assault, but each time the Novgorodians fought off their onslaught. Novgorodians knew about the fate of Kiev, so they resisted violently. In addition, there was a lack of unity of command in the besieging army, and quarrels and strife began. Many besiegers came to rob rich Novgorod, and not to die in fierce battles. Sturm stopped, starvation began, the death of horses. Mstislav Andreevich gave the order to retreat. Novgorodians were inspired and rushed in pursuit, broke several detachments. Captured many prisoners.

However, it was only a tactical victory of Novgorod. Andrei Bogolyubsky won a strategic victory - the people of Novgorod calculated the losses from the war, they thought hard and sent ambassadors to Vladimir to ask for the great sovereign for forgiveness. Prince Roman Mstislavich, who defended the city, put out and invited Rurik Rostislavich to the Novgorod table (he was offered by Bogolyubsky, Svyatoslav Rostislavich at that time had already died). However, Rurik did not converge with the citizens and left for the south - in 1171, his brother Roman, occupied Kiev, gave him Belgorod. The Novgorod table was occupied by the younger son of Andrei Bogolyubsky - Yuri (George). As a result, the huge and rich Novgorod land was put under the control of Tsar Andrey Bogolyubsky, the Novgorod posadnik and the archbishop traveled to Vladimir on all important issues.

The conspiracy and murder of the great sovereign Andrew Bogolyubsky

Battle of Novgorod and Suzdal in 1170, a fragment of the icon of 1460 of the year.

Continued unrest in Kiev

The appointment of Gleb of Pereyaslavl by the Kiev prince did not bring peace to South Russia. Mstislav Izyaslavich did not accept the loss of the Kiev table, his claims were supported by Byzantium, Rome and Poland. In addition, he had strong support in Kiev itself. Kiev nobility did not want to put up with new orders. Mstislav assembled a host and in March 1170 of the year with Lutsk, Galician, Turov and Gorodsk regiments entered Kiev land, took Porosye and entered Kiev, whose residents gave him the city without a fight.

Gleb, in turn, gathered the forces of friends and relatives, called the Allied Polovtsy and moved to Kiev. Meanwhile, the allies of Mstislav, starting with the Galicians, chickened out and started to leave, or entered into negotiations with a stronger party. Mstislav, having lost most of the troops, did not dare to enter the battle and again threw Kiev. He went to Volyn to form a new army, but in August he fell ill and died.

Hike to Volga Bulgaria 1172 of the year

The Bulgars again plagued the Vladimir and Murom lands. Andrei Bogolyubsky decided to take another big punitive campaign. It was decided to send the troops not in summer, but in winter, in order to descend suddenly. Mstislav Andreevich was put in command of the troops, who had already recommended himself as the best commander of Bogolyubsky, his closest aide was voivod Boris Zidoslavich. The sons of Murom and Ryazan princes joined the campaign.

However, from the very beginning of the campaign fell into trouble. The squads and regiments of the princes joined at the confluence of the Oka and the Volga, and the detachments of the boyars began to wait, but they didn’t want to go (they were discouraged by saying that it’s not time to fight in winter). I had to play without the boyars, which seriously weakened the army. Then frost began and heavy snow fell. Despite this, the army of Mstislav successfully broke into the lands of Volga Bulgaria, captured their capital - Bilyar. Were captured by rich trophies, prisoners. They did not go to other cities, it was difficult to move in the winter, many warriors were frozen. In addition, the Bulgars gathered militia, and an unfavorable balance of forces was taking shape.

Mstislav began to withdraw troops. Ryazan and Murom went on their lands. Infantry regiments were sent light at the forefront. The prince himself and his retinue remained to cover the carts. The army of Bulgarians overtook the Russian rearguard. Mstislav was forced to take the fight in unfavorable conditions. Russian warriors fired back, fired, discarding one enemy attack after another, the wagon train slowly moved toward its own. An exhausting battle lasted for several days, the Russian squad retreated, unable to properly rest and eat. However, the Russian warriors were able to reach the mouth of the Oka, where the main forces were waiting for them. The Bulgars retreated. In this campaign, Mstislav became seriously ill and died in the year of 1173. So Bogolyubsky lost another son and closest aide, his main support.

Death of Gleb Yuryevich and the New Troubles. Siege of Vyshgorod

A little earlier, Bogolyubsky lost another foothold - Gleb's brother, who was the most loyal associate in South Russia. Gleb was a reliable governor in the south. According to the chronicles, Prince Gleb was “brother-lover, faithfully kept the kiss of the cross, was distinguished by meekness and good manners, loved monasteries, honored the monastic rank, and generously gave alms to the poor.” 20 January 1171 Mr. Gleb Yurievich unexpectedly died.

Andrei still had two brothers in the Dnieper region - Mikhail and Vsevolod (in the future he will become famous as the Big Nest). I must say that Vsevolod, together with his mother and brother, was expelled by Andrey and left for Constantinople, being an 8-year-old boy. However, despite the science of the mother, the thrust to Russia turned out to be stronger, and one day he, along with the Russian servants, escaped. He left his mother and Vasilka, who had become a lover, traveled around Europe, was at the courts of the Czech king and the German emperor. A wandering knight arrived in Russia and joined the brothers, Gleb and Michael. Gathered a small squad and supported the brothers. Andrei did not dare to appoint one of them as his deputy - they were still young, did not have the necessary weight - one was 20, the other was incomplete 18 years. Replace Gleb, they still could not.

The intrigue began again around the Kiev table. The clan of Rostislavichi has announced itself. Of the descendants of Rostislav the Pious, only the eldest son, Roman Smolensky, was like a father to his liking. Rurik Ovruchsky was a man of narrow mindedness, but ambitious and greedy. Davyd Vyshegorodsky and Mstislav differed courage, and believed that they themselves can control the inheritance of the Kiev Grand Duchy, without the participation of Andrew Bogolyubsky. Under the patronage of Bogolyubsky, they strengthened their positions, and now they wanted to get rid of the care. Kiev nobility supported them, hoping to restore the former position of Kiev, to get rid of Andrew’s power.

Rostislavich, without the consent of Andrei Bogolyubsky, decided to occupy Kiev and hand over to his uncle, Vladimir Mstislavich (although he soon died). The Grand Duke expressed his displeasure, but did not want to bring the matter before the conflict and gave Kiev to Rostislavich - identifying the head of the family, Roman, to the throne.

The situation has stabilized, but unexpectedly, events again took a negative turn. The news came to Tsar Andrey that Gleb did not die by his own death. Well-wishers from Kiev reported that his brother was poisoned, as was his father. The crime was committed by the boyar Grigori Khotovich. Andrew demanded to conduct an investigation and extradite him suspected of poisoning. Rostislavich worried, Boyar Khotovich was one of those who helped them to occupy the Kiev table. It might be suspected that they were participants in the murder of Gleb. Rostislavich refused to comply with the requirements of the sovereign of Vladimir.

Andrew was angry, Rostislavich challenged the cause of his whole life - the unity of Russia. They refused to betray the murderers of their brother, showed open disobedience. Bogolyubsky ordered Rostislavich to go to his inheritances, and to give the Kiev table to his brother Mikhail. Straight Roman Rostislavich fulfilled the will of the Grand Duke and went to his Smolensk. But Rurik, Davyd and Mstislav decided to resist. With the help of the Kiev boyars, they penetrated to Kiev, where Vsevolod Yuryevich was (brother stayed in the fortress of Torchesk). Vsevolod was thrown into a dungeon, and Rurik was proclaimed the Grand Duke of Kiev. They tried to capture Torchesk, but this frontier fortress was a tough nut and the siege did not bring any success. Michael offered the world, brother and Pereyaslavl, in exchange for the rejection of Kiev. Michael agreed.

However, Bogolyubsky did not accept this agreement. It was about a matter of principle - the former turmoil and self-will of princes, boyars, or a united, mighty Russia. Rostislavich actions were regarded as a rebellion. Andrei sent his swordsman Mikhna to them and announced the verdict: Rostislavich lost their destinies (except Roman), Rurik had to go to Smolensk, under the arm of his brother, and Davyd and Mstislav were expelled from the Russian land. Such a message infuriated the princes, they replied: "We still had you out of love as a father, and you sent them with such speeches not as a prince, but as a handler and an ordinary person ...". The ambassador of the Grand Duke was cut off his beard and head, thereby causing a terrible insult to the great sovereign and the whole of Vladimir Russia.

The answer was obvious - Prince Vladimir-Suzdal regiments were led by Prince Yuriy Andreevich and military governor Boris Zhidoslavich in 1173. Vladimir sovereign raised the squads and regiments of other princes, and sent an order to speak to everyone, without exception, as his subjects. They did not dare disobey, even the squad of Roman Rostislavich spoke. Gathered more than twenty princes and 50 thousand army. Such ratification has not been seen in Russia for a long time.

Rostislavich did not think to protect Kiev, they fled to their destinies. Rurik locked himself in Belgorod, Mstislav in Vyshgorod with his regiment and Davyd regiment, and Davyd himself went to Galich to ask for help from Yaroslav Osmomysl. All the army besieged Vyshgorod to capture Mstislav as a prisoner, as Andrei ordered. The problem was that it was not a single army, with a common command, rigid organization and discipline. As a result, the siege of Veliky Novgorod was repeated, and even more so. They tried to take over the leadership of Yuri Andreevich, Vsevolod Yuryevich, the eldest of the princes Svyatoslav of Chernigov, but nothing good happened.

It should be noted that this was a very terrible sign. Already in the near future, such a lack of unity will lead to a catastrophe on the Kalka River, and then to the defeat of the Russian princes from the forces of Batu.

Many princes were forced to fight "bondage", they did not want to protect the interests of Bogolyubsky. As a result, many held passively, or habitually changed. So, Lutsk prince Yaroslav Izyaslavich fell in with Rostislavich, and agreed that they would support him in his claims to Kiev. Svyatoslav of Chernigov also entered into secret negotiations - he agreed to support Yaroslav, for an additional inheritance. As a result, an excellent operation was carried out to eliminate the enemy forces. Both princes suddenly took down their shelves and took them away. The army was disorganized. There were rumors that Prince Davyd was coming with Volyn-Galician troops. A panic began, the besiegers began to retreat randomly. Mstislav, seeing the general commotion from the walls of Vyshgorod, instantly reacted. He led his squad and hit the retreating troops. The sortie was successful, the running crowds almost did not resist, many warriors, crossing the Dnieper in a hurry, drowned.

An interesting fact is that, despite the new military defeat, Grand Duke Andrei won again in strategic terms (as during the conflict with Novgorod). The prince of Kiev was Yaroslav Izyaslavich, but he did not fulfill his promise to give up his inheritance in the principality of Kiev to Svyatoslav Chernigovsky of Vsevolodovich. Vladyka of Chernigov moved the troops to Kiev, Yaroslav fled to Lutsk, leaving in the hands of the winner his wife, son and coffers. However, at this time prince Novgorod-Seversky invaded Chernigov lands Oleg Svyatoslavich. Svyatoslav left Kiev. Yaroslav, having received the message that Kiev is empty, came back and freely entered the city. Arriving in Kiev, Prince Yaroslav, in revenge for the fact that the people of Kiev did not protect his wife and son and in order to collect the ransom, began to rob the city, not sparing the clergy and monasteries. In this matchmaker, Rostislavichi thought hard and decided to restore good relations with Andrey. They asked for forgiveness for their actions and recognized the seniority of the prince of Vladimir. It was supposed to jointly stop the unrest and plant Roman Rostislavich in Kiev.

The conspiracy and the murder of the great sovereign

The problem of the great sovereign was not only the quarrels of princes and the intrigues of Byzantium, but also the elite ambitions of the boyars. The powerful Rostov-Suzdal boyars looked at the Novgorod order with interest and dreamed of establishing the same in the Vladimir-Suzdal land. They were not worried about the problems of the unity of Russia and the common good.

Andrei could not change the people around him, make them think in higher categories. He built a great power, needed by all Russians together and individually. Boyars thought only of personal gain. For the time being, Bogolyubsky’s enemies hid, waiting for the right moment. At that time, Bogolyubsky was deprived of his main supports — his elder sons, Izyaslav and Mstislav, died, the priest Fedor was killed, and his brother Gleb Yuryevich was poisoned. In 1174, his brother Svyatoslav died, who peacefully ruled in Yuryev-Polsky, he supported the Prince of Vladimir in everything. The circle of those on whom Andrew could fully rely, constantly narrowed. He had two sons left - Yuri (George), Prince of Novgorod, and Gleb. But Gleb, whom his father, after the death of Mstislav, tried to teach to state affairs, was a man of Faith, more interested in the construction of churches and monasteries, works of charity and prayers. From the age of twelve he spent a solitary spiritual life, especially loved reading church books, and despite his young age, the prince chose for himself the feat of strict fasting and prayer vigil. In the 1174 year (according to other data, 1175), he departed into another world, was later recognized as a saint.

In fact, Andrei faced the problem that any head of Russia-Russia, creating a great power, faces. It is decided by the creation of a repressive apparatus, which from time to time pursues the elite, which leads to its renewal and prudence. However, Andrew could not solve this problem. He did not want unnecessary conflict with anyone, or with the nobility, or with the Greek Church. He even eventually received the Bishop of Leon, there was no other.

Andrew made another important mistake - he decided that taking to the service of baptized aliens: Bulgarians, Jews and people from the Caucasus, will strengthen his position. He sincerely believed that they, fully obliged by their position to the Grand Duke, would be his reliable support. But many foreigners were baptized just for the sake of enrichment and career growth. First of all they thought about profit. Appointed governors and tiunami (managers), they stole, predators. Naturally, such people could be used to organize the murder.

The boyars, hostile to the policy of the sovereign, began to cluster around the Bishop of Leon. Prince Gleb of Ryazan also joined Andrey's enemies. The situation was convenient - there was no one near the Vladimir sovereign who could support him in a difficult moment, or replace the king. The son Yury was in Novgorod, the brothers Mikhail and Vsevolod - excellent warriors, allies of the sovereign and possible heirs, were far away. The conspirators had to hurry, until Bogolyubsky did not call on Michael and Vsevolod as successors. Gleb Ryazansky was sent with the Rostov boyars, promised military support. The conspiracy consisted of boyars, courtiers, chief voivode Boris Zidoslavich and even his wife, a Bulgarian. She cheated on her husband and was afraid of punishment.

Bogolyubsky received alarming "signals", but waved them away for a long time, did not believe. Many good people do not believe to the last that those around are capable of a low deed, measuring them according to their categories. He knew that the Rostov-Suzdal boyars do not like him, slander him, but you can’t be forced. Talking is one thing, and killing the Grand Duke is quite another. Only by the summer of 1174, the terrible conspiracy was revealed. Diligent servants were able to reveal the betrayal, which matured among the most senior dignitaries. Among the courtiers were conspirators who warned the villains, so Boris Zhidoslavich and a number of traitors fled to Ryazan. Only now Andrew finally believed in the existence of the conspiracy. He took some precautions - began to lock the door to the bedroom, put a sword near the bed.

The investigation revealed the name of one of the conspirators - one of the boyars Kuchkovich (brothers of the first wife of the Grand Duke). He ordered the execution of a traitor. But the prince made a big mistake - he received evidence of the betrayal of all the Kuchkovichs, but he did not touch them, they even remained at court. By this the prince signed his death sentence. The conspirators decided to strike first, until the investigation revealed new details. A detachment of 20 people was assembled, Yakim Kuchkovich, Pyotr Kuchkovichi’s son-in-law, Efrem Yidrem, and Anbal, the Ossetian keykeeper, entered it.

On the night of 28 on 29 June 1174, the conspirators decided to kill the Grand Duke. To begin with, to overcome fear, they went to the cellar and got drunk. Several of the guards who were in the prince’s chambers knew the traitors as high commanders and let them in without alarming them. They were cut without noise. Creeping up to the prince’s bedroom, they knocked. “Who is there?” Asked Andrei. “Procopius!” - answered knocking (naming the name of one of the favorite servants of the prince). “No, this is not Procopius!” Said the sovereign, who knew the voice of his trusted servant well. Andrei began to search for the sword, but one of the conspirators, Anbal, delivered it beforehand The killers knocked the door. The battle began in pitch darkness. The prince was 63 of the year, but it was a real warrior, he fought like a tiger trapped. Knocked down the first attackers, one of them was mistaken for a prince and wounded. He fought for a long time, but he was hacked and stabbed, he lost a lot of blood and fell.

The villains decided that he was dead, and again went to the wine cellars. At this time, the prince regained consciousness, he had a really good health. Andrew was able to go down the stairs and tried to hide. The killers heard a noise and decided to check what was there. They did not find the body of the prince in the bedroom and came to complete horror - if the prince has time to raise the people, they will be torn apart. Rejecting caution, they lit candles and began to search for the prince on a bloody trail. When they found the prince, he read a prayer, they finished him off. After that, the villains walked around the palace, killing the faithful servants of the prince and began to clear the treasury. For ordinary people, wine cellars and storerooms were opened to cover the traces of murder in the general chaos.



The corpse of the murdered sovereign was lying on the street. According to legend, only Kuzmishche Kiyanin, a Pechersk monk from Kiev, decided to take the prince’s body. He was threatened, but he did not flinch and forced the killers to yield. The murder of the prince led to unrest. In some places, Andrei supporters were killed. In some villages, places killed Thiuns, who robbed the people, smashed their yards. In the third villages and in Vladimir, the people were furious at the murder of their beloved prince — pogroms of the nobility’s houses began. Wisely, the murderers did not wait until the queue reached them, loading a long wagon train with their spoils, left for Rostov. They did not think to condemn them there, in Rostov even Bishop Leon was on their side. He showed his attitude towards the murder very well - the body of Prince 9 of days lay without burial. The priest Mikula carried out the icon of the Vladimir Mother of God from the church and arranged a procession. This sobered the townspeople, the riots gradually ceased. Russian priests organized the people, and the funeral procession went to Bogolyubovo. They took the coffin of the prince and carried it in his arms. Prince Andrew was carried to the city built by him and placed in the Assumption Cathedral.

After some time, the immediate killers of the great sovereign were able to punish Andrei's brother, Vsevolod the Big Nest. Kuchkovichi, unfaithful wife and others were executed by cruel death. The murderers were broken bones and hanged, and the traitor’s wife was drowned.

Sources:

Byzantium and Russia. M., 1989.
Voronin N. N. Andrew Bogolyubsky. M., 2007.
Karpov A.Yu. Yury Dolgoruky. M., 2006.
Kostomarov N. I. Russkaya story in the biographies of its main figures. M., 2007.
Limonov, Yu. A. Vladimir-Suzdal Rus: Essays on Socio-Political History. - L., 1987.
Rybakov B.A. The birth of Russia. M., 2003.
V. Tatishchev. Russian History (in 3-x volumes). T. 2. M., 2003.
F. Uspensky. History of the Byzantine Empire. In 5 pr. M. 2002.
Shambarov V. From Kiev to Moscow: the history of princely Rus. M., 2010.
Seekers: The Last Night of the Grand Duke

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  1. +10
    23 January 2013 10: 04
    In general, the unification of Russia at that moment was an ungrateful affair. Russia was finally divided into the western - the Principality of Galicia, the south-trap with its center in Kiev. north-western - the Novgorod Republic and north-eastern Vladimir, whose center first moved to Suzdal, then to Tver, then to Moscow, which later became the center of the new state.
    Bogolyubsky wanted the unification of Rus, but only the Suzdal people considered him their own, and the Kievites gravitated more towards the princes from the western branch of the Rurikovichs, so in Kiev Andrei could only hold on to "bayonets", all the more so when Kiev was captured, he was forced to give the city up to plunder his army for 3 days that earlier Russians did not do with Russian cities, only with strangers.
    The same Gumilyov claimed that Andrei himself did not want to do this, but the governors and the younger princes insisted - it turns out that the Suzdal people no longer saw their people in Kiev, as did the Kiev people, and what the Novgorodians did during the raids on the Volga with everyone in a row - this is generally separate song.
    To unite lands that do not want to unite categorically, you can either have a decisive military advantage which the Rostov-Suzdal land did not have then, or some general unifying idea, such as unconditional support of the Church, when two centuries later the Russian metropolitans and the most respected abbesses constantly and strongly supported the Moscow princes in the unification of the state, and neighboring principalities bowed their heads not only to military power, but also to church authority.
    Andrei Bogolyubsky was clearly not born at the time if it happened 100 years earlier or 200 later, his work could bring more tangible results.
    1. +1
      23 January 2013 12: 32
      Quote: nae76
      Kievans were more attracted to princes from the western branch of the Rurikovich, therefore, in Kiev, Andrey could only resist "on bayonets"

      As now and in those days, "Geyropa" (Byzantium-Rome-Constantinople) tried to tear Russia-Rus into separate pieces and make money and rob the divided people.
      Only a little earlier the "baptism of Rus" by Fire and Sword took place and the planting of "the SLAVE of God" began! This freedom-loving people was driven into shackles and destroyed the natural boundaries and, on pain of death, banned idolatry art.
      Quote: nae76
      Andrei Bogolyubsky was clearly not born at the time if it happened 100 years earlier or 200 later, his work could bring more tangible results.

      After him for 200 years, "Geyrop" was held in the ass, and Constantinople-Jerusalem (ROM-1) was destroyed and the Byzantine Empire was "drugged"!
      Only everything ended with the "great troubles"!
      It turned out that the "gayropeans" drive a wedge.
  2. +7
    23 January 2013 11: 33
    Quote: nae76
    To unite lands that do not want to unite categorically

    - this is a look through the eyes of a person of the XXI century to the XII century. In those days, everyone - both the princes and the boyars “rowed each for themselves,” so to speak. And in the eyes of his contemporaries, Andrei Bogolyubsky is not a progressive prince, progressively uniting Russia, a sort of medieval Bismarck or Garibaldi, but one of the many princes fighting with other princes to expand his possessions, increase his power and wealth. It is quite natural that any prince or boyar tried to resist when they encroached on his possessions. They did not realize that the prince from Vladimir is the bearer of advanced tendencies and he should voluntarily give up his lands. And Bogolyubsky himself could hardly consider himself such. smile
  3. +3
    23 January 2013 12: 22
    Quote: alebor
    It is natural that any prince or boyar tried to resist when they encroached on his possessions.

    You are mistaken, Russia at that time was not yet a feudal state in the full sense of the word, princes and boyars did not own the land in the feudal sense as private property, and you do not take into account that in those days in Russia all people were free, princes were often invited on the tables, and the boyars had the right to leave - the Kiev prince did not like it, you could move to Suzdalsky, and this was not considered a betrayal, the boyar was free to serve whoever he liked, but the boyars possessions were only those that the prince granted him for service ...
    Under such a system, any prince in the government needed support that he could receive either from the squad or from the people, namely from the people, and not from the boyars ...
    Moreover, the support of the people was often more important than the support of soldiers, the squad could seize power, but it was difficult to keep it, it was not by chance that Yaroslav the Wise, having captured Kiev with the help of the Varangian squad, was soon forced to send the Varangians to Byzantium, because in Kiev they did not like the Varangians, but he didn’t want the throne of his great father and grandfather with a sword and blood, maybe that’s why he remained in the memory of the descendants of the Wise ....
    The people of Suzdal’s land, exactly the people, were seated on the Kiev table of Bogolyubsky, hence the unprecedented army of 50 thousand people at that time (Norman William the Conqueror had a little more than 7 thousand people, and with such an army he conquered England). By the way, other internecine conflicts in Russia of that time are also characterized by a large number of troops.
    So, I'm afraid that you are looking at these events from the point of view of a person of the XNUMXst century
  4. Not horde
    -3
    23 January 2013 14: 13
    The article is simply full of fiction, far-fetchedness, inaccuracies. Here's a typical PR campaign. "Sovereign", "Tsar", the aftar invented some mythical Rus: southern, northern, western, etc. Samsonov in his own style. The desired is passed off as valid.
    1. +3
      23 January 2013 16: 04
      What does not fit into the Western version of the story? Only the phrase itself - Kiev, the mother of Russian cities, already says that it was not invented by the Russians! Kiev, if a parent, then a father!
      1. Not horde
        0
        23 January 2013 19: 04
        "What does not fit into the Western version of history" - understood the hint. I would say in the Eastern Ukrainian. Seriously, all this scribbling cannot fit anywhere at all. Read what, if I may say so, about this "sovereign" lol Russian historians wrote. The same Klyuchevsky, for example.
        Regarding the mother or father - "And with leg. Knѧzha in Kyєvѣ. And speech Ѡleg. Se wake mt҃ (and) the city of Ruskym." namely "KYEVI", and precisely "MATS" What did "METROPOLY" mean!
  5. +3
    23 January 2013 16: 01
    After some time, the immediate killers of the great sovereign were able to punish Andrei's brother, Vsevolod the Big Nest. Kuchkovichi, unfaithful wife and others were executed by cruel death. The murderers were broken bones and hanged, and the traitor’s wife was drowned.


    So should end all the traitors of our country and now too! Find and destroy.
  6. 0
    23 January 2013 18: 27
    Well, before the Battle of Kalka, 49 years remained, but the sources of defeat are already visible.
    1. 0
      23 January 2013 22: 26
      There was a defeat on Kalka, but only the mungals left there 100 thousand corpses
      1. 0
        24 January 2013 15: 34
        Bully

        there were only 20 of them, the Mongol-Tatars: Tumen (000) Juchi Khan and Tumen (10) Subudai-bahatura.
        According to the chronicles, there were even more of our trochs, but our usual confusion-and-reeling did their dirty deed.
        1. 0
          24 January 2013 23: 05
          I got the information from the annals, given in the "History of Russia from the most ancient times" by Vasily Nikitich Tatishchev, Book 3, edition of 1774, Russian pre-reform language. I read the tale of Vasily Yan (Yanchevetsky) about how the Mongols defeated the Russian army with two tumens on the march - there is a lot of pathos, logic and wisdom - zero. I have great respect for my ancestors and do not consider them idiots. They were not only desperate and brave, but also well versed in the art of war. In the Battle of Kalka, the Mongols had more than two-fold superiority (according to the chronicle, much more than 200 thousand). The combined Russian and Polovtsian army was almost completely defeated (less than a tenth was saved), but the Mongols for some reason turned back to the Volga, did not go to Russia, although there was no one to defend it. If we assume that the ratio of killed and wounded in the section is 1: 3, then the behavior of the Mongols looks logical - in their army there are practically no wounded soldiers left.
  7. Nikolko
    +2
    23 January 2013 19: 01
    Correctly someone said, Only Russian can defeat Russian
  8. 0
    24 January 2013 00: 57
    Thanks for the end of the series of articles, I read everything. Per article plus. Special thanks for the sources.
  9. 0
    25 January 2013 11: 42
    Quote: Bully
    In the battle of Kalka, the Mongols had more than twofold superiority (according to the annals, much more than 200 thousand).


    I just wonder where so much? in the 12th century, in all the states of present-day Spain, for example, there were about 4,5 million inhabitants, the number of Russia is estimated at about 5-5,5 million inhabitants — these are the largest states in Europe by population, I do not consider Byzantium, it had territory and in Europe and in Asia. According to modern estimates, with nomadic cattle breeding, the maximum capacity of the entire steppe zone from the Pacific Ocean to the Danube is 20 million people; it’s 12 centuries less that I think 10-12 million people, that is, the entire steppe, Tatars, Mongols, Turks, Polovtsy, Pechenegs, etc. Given that for warfare, nomads could allocate 1 person out of 10-12, the remaining women, children, the elderly (which is unlikely, rarely lived in the steppes to old age) and those men who continued to graze cattle, it turns out that Genghis Khan if only 150-200 thousand the riders were already good, but the Mongols didn’t only fight in the Black Sea steppes ...
    And yes, let me remind you again that England was conquered by an army of 7-10 thousand people. And where could 200 thousand Mongols from Kalk come from?
    The Mongols and now in Mongolia there are only 3 lyamas, 1,8 of whom live in cities that did not exist before, with an average life expectancy of about 70 years, and during the time of Genghis a rare man lived to 30 ...
    You need to think about the head, or at least think ...
  10. 0
    25 January 2013 18: 11
    Dear, before hanging out, I suggest that you familiarize yourself with the material to which I gave a link. From the outside, it looks silly when a modern person neglects the facts that the Russian historian Vasily Nikitich Tatishchev, who lived three hundred years ago, trusted (and checked by the way!)

    Dear, before hanging out, I suggest that you familiarize yourself with the material to which I gave a link. From the outside, it looks silly when a modern person neglects the facts that the Russian historian Vasily Nikitich Tatishchev, who lived three hundred years ago, trusted (and checked by the way!)
  11. 0
    25 January 2013 18: 55
    By the way, according to the Middle Ages historian Jordan, during the time of Claudius, the population of the Roman Empire was about 120 million people. Half of the population were slaves.

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