Shipbuilding - 2012. Time to take stock
On the stocks, from the echoing hollow, through the lines no thicker than the cobweb, smooth features appear suddenly, as if on a decal ... And it will take a lot of time and effort for the ship, having got stronger, finally stepped onto the water and stood on an even keel, gently rocking on the waves.
Military shipbuilding is one of the most complex, laborious and expensive industries. It implements the best technologies and the latest developments from related fields of science: engine building, metallurgy and physics of composites, radio electronics, rocket science, precision mechanics ... Quantitative and qualitative composition of the naval fleet - objective indicators of the economic situation in any country (geographical embarrassment a la “Mongolian fleet” or the Swiss Navy - a rare exception to the general rules). The Navy is a symbol of the power and prestige of the armed forces: ships are always in sight, they are huge and beautiful, real Leviathans of our time.
That is why all the events connected with the Navy, be it the launching of a new submarine or the purchase of the Mistral, receive such a wide public response.
During Soviet times, the situation was somewhat different - military shipbuilding was shrouded in mist of secrecy, there were no public discussions on this topic, and there was no need for it: everyone already knew that the Soviet Union fleet was the largest in the world. As for secrecy, let the “probable enemy” wrestle with how many ships we have: 1250 or 1380 (that was exactly the number that 1989 had in the USSR Navy! , to besiege any opponent).
Launched a new nuclear submarine K-329, in the background you can see the bulk of the superstructure of the preserved nuclear cruiser, pr.1144
The era of the ensuing capitalism, privatized enterprises, holdings and corporations dictates other rules of behavior: shipbuilders are forced to declare all their successes and achievements as loudly as possible. Sometimes this leads to annoying consequences: corrupt officials and unscrupulous contractors deliberately delay construction time and sometimes overestimate the cost of materials and equipment. The explosive mixture of corruption is superimposed on the inevitable technical difficulties in creating a new technology, which ultimately affects the construction time even more.
At the same time, in order to create the illusion of "intense work activity", they are at all angles trumpeting about "great accomplishments", which, upon closer inspection, are completely everyday events that do not require excessive ovations.
Signed a contract to build a frigate! Applause!
The laying of the frigate! Applause!
The frigate is launched! Applause!
Mooring trials took place! Applause!
The frigate went to the factory running tests! Applause!
Usually these events occur at intervals of a year during which everyone forgets the name of the ship and last year’s conversation. As a result, the inexperienced man in the street seems to have added five new ships to the fleet. In fact - one, and he has not yet passed the state tests.
It is worth remembering that story knows thousands of pledged ships that, for various reasons, have never touched the water. A specific example is the nuclear aircraft carrier Ulyanovsk, which was disassembled on the stocks when 18% is ready.
And not every launched ship was completed and accepted into the fleet. A concrete example is the heavy cruiser “Lutzov”, bought in Germany for the Soviet Navy, but remaining unfinished due to the start of the war. Or the missile cruiser "Ukraine", quietly rusting in Nikolaev at readiness of 95%
"Going to the sea trials" is also not a sufficient criterion for ship readiness. Sea trials can easily fail and again get stuck in the extension wall of the plant for another year, as did the Indian aircraft carrier Vikramaditya.
“Acceptance Certificate signed. The ship is accepted into the Navy "- these are the magic words, hearing that you can throw a hat in the air and say a toast" seven feet under the keel. "
Of course, one should not neglect information on the construction schedule: bookmark, launching - important information that can shed light on the fate of the ship and the prospects of the fleet.
Nobody requires Stakhanov's pace from shipbuilders - it is enough to annually lay several warships (2-th, 3-th rank, ideally - 1 rank). If everything is done correctly, without delays and the corrupting influence of corruption, then through 10 for years in the roads there will be a strong squadron of two dozen pennants. And in 20 years, the mighty ocean fleet.
How to distinguish honest contractors from bastards? Very simple - just look at the size of the ship and relate them to
construction time. Adjust calculations based on international experience and nuances in the form of technical risks in the application of innovative solutions and innovations (if any).
The picture becomes visible in full view. If within a year after the laying of the frigate follows the message that the ship was launched, and a couple of years later a white panel was hoisted over it with blue lines crossed diagonally - that means the entire team of shipbuilders and contract officials is respectable and well-paid.
If the most common frigate is launched five years after laying in the readiness level of 40%, and at the same time, the responsible persons have enough conscience to rant on the topic of “strengthening the defense capability of the motherland” - this situation smells like a criminal case.
Now, having outlined the “basic points” of our conversation and taking into account the gradations presented, let us proceed to the announcement of the results of the activities of the Russian state holding company United Shipbuilding Corporation.
So, in 2012, it was taken into the fleet of 5 ships:
Strategic missile submarine cruiser K-535 "Yury Dolgoruky" (955 "Borey" project)
Displacement above-water / underwater - 14 500 / 24 000 tons.
Working depth immersion 400 m.
Armament: X-NUMX submarine-based intercontinental ballistic missiles P-16 Bulava; 30 torpedo tubes caliber 6 mm.
The guard ship "Dagestan" (project 11661K "Cheetah-3.9")
The first ship of the Russian Navy, armed with the Kalibr-NK missile system.
The total displacement is 2000 tons.
Armament: the Kalibr-NK missile system (ammunition assembly - 8 cruise missiles designed to destroy surface or ground targets at a distance of up to 300 km), the Palma anti-aircraft missile system; AK-176 universal gun mount (caliber 76 mm).
Small artillery ship "Makhachkala" (project 21630, cipher "Buyan")
Specialized means for strengthening the surface forces of the Caspian flotilla in the near-sea zone and taking into account the special conditions of the Volga delta.
Displacement 500 tons.
Armament: AK-190 universal caliber artillery (mm 100 caliber), Grad-M A-215 multiple launch rocket launcher with 40 guides (mm 122 caliber), ZM47 “Bending” anti-aircraft missile system (4 launch tanks PZRK “Xmum NXX”) ").
MAK "Makhachkala" at a late stage of construction
Anti-diversion boat П-191 (project 21980, cipher "Rook").
Anti-diversion boat П-349 (project 21980, cipher "Rook").
Boats are designed to counteract saboteurs and terrorists in the waters of the bases and near approaches to them, as well as to assist the Border Service of the Russian Federation in solving the tasks of protecting and protecting the state border of Russia. Displacement of boats 140 tons. Armament: heavy machine gun, 2 grenade launcher DR-64 and DP-65, MANPADS "Igla".
Another 3 ship undergoing sea trialsand, therefore, their adoption into service is a matter of the near future:
Strategic missile submarine cruiser K-550 "Alexander Nevsky" (project 955 "Borey").
Multipurpose nuclear submarine K-329 "Severodvinsk" (project 885 "Ash").
Corvette with guided rocket weapons "Lively" (project 20380). Tests of this ship were saddened by an unfortunate incident - during mooring in the harbor of Kronstadt, the corvette collided with the oceanographic vessel “Admiral Vladimirsky”. Fortunately, there were no casualties and destruction.
In 2012, the ship's 4 was launched:
Strategic missile submarine “Vladimir Monomakh” (project 955, code “Borey”).
Corvettes with guided missile "Resistant" (project 20380).
Intended for operations in the near-sea zone and conducting combat with surface ships and submarines of the enemy, as well as for artillery support of landings during naval landing operations.
The total displacement is 2200 tons.
Armament: 8 PKR X-35 "Uranus", universal artillery mount AK-190, 2 anti-aircraft guns AK-630М, 8 anti-submarine torpedoes of caliber 330 mm.
Large landing ship "Ivan Gren" (project 11711).
Displacement 5000 tons.
BDK "Ivan Gren" is designed to solve a wide range of tasks - from assisting in the conduct of amphibious operations to transportation of various cargoes in peacetime in the interests of the Ministry of Defense. BDK "Ivan Gren" can transport modern Russian military equipment, including advanced weapons of marines and coastal troops.
Payload: 13 basic combat tanks or 300 marine personnel.
Armament: 76 mm and 30 mm artillery systems, 2 multiple rocket launcher systems. On board there is a Ka-29.
Rescue ship "Igor Belousov" (project 21300).
Displacement 5000 tons.
The specialized vessel “Igor Belousov” is intended for the evacuation and rescue of crews from emergency submarines lying on the ground, supplying high-pressure air, electric power and rescue equipment to submarines and surface ships. In addition, the ship can search for emergency facilities in a given square, including as part of international maritime search and rescue teams.
In 2012, 7 ships were laid:
Strategic missile submarine cruiser "Prince Vladimir" (955 project "Borey").
Due to some features of the modern Russian shipbuilding, the Prince Vladimir nuclear-powered icebreaker has some differences from the three previous Borey SSBNs. It is no longer a secret that to speed up the construction of the Boreyev, ready-made sections of the unfinished multi-purpose submarines of the 971 project and underwater "aircraft carrier killers" of the 949A project (of the same type of the submarine Kursk) were used. As a result, all the “Boreas” are somewhat different among themselves - but only for the better. “Prince Vladimir” is particularly notable, carrying not the 16, but the 20 of the Mace ballistic missiles on board!
Diesel-electric submarine B-262 "Stary Oskol" (project 636.6 "Varshavyanka").
Multi-purpose frigate of the far sea zone "Admiral Golovko" (project 22350).
The third ship of its type. Full displacement: 4500 tons. In the coming 10-20 years, the 22350 ships will most likely form the basis of the surface forces of the Russian Navy.
The 22350 frigates are rebalanced in the direction of strengthening weapons, the Caliber-NK universal missile system with 16 launch cells, the Poliment-Redut air defense system, the Package-NK anti-submarine complex, the 130-mm A-192 gun mount will be installed on board the ship ZRAK "Broadsword". Aviation armament - helicopter KA-27PL.
Embedded section of the frigate "Admiral Golovko"
Multipurpose frigate of the far sea zone "Admiral Makarov" (project 11356).
The third ship of its type. The total displacement is 4000 tons. On the technical side, the frigates of the 11356 Ave. are a deep modernization of the project Petrol of the 1135 Ave. Petrel project with modern weapons and radio electronics.
The 11356 frigates are a simpler and cheaper alternative to the 22350 frigates - in many ways, new and innovative ships, whose construction required much more time than previously thought. This circumstance led to the appearance of the frigate ersatz project based on well-known technologies and technical solutions. The construction of the 11356 frigates will allow more likely to fill the Russian Navy with new ships of the far sea zone, in addition, they are designed specifically for the Black Sea Fleet, operations in the Mediterranean and the fight against piracy in the Horn of Africa - agree that using large warships is too wasteful for these purposes.
Corvette with guided missile "Loud" (project 20380).
Corvettes with guided missile "Gremyashchy" (modified project 20385).
Universal amphibious assault ship dock "Vladivostok".
The total displacement is 21300 tons.
The composition of the air group: X-NUMX attack helicopters Ka-8 and 52 anti-submarine (multipurpose) Ka-8 or Ka-27.
Last February, metal cutting for the first Russian UDC of the Mistral type began at the STX France shipyard in Saint-Nazaire. To date, the assembly of the first block of the bow of the hull has been completed.
The modular design of the Mistral allows the construction of various sections of the ship simultaneously in different shipyards. 2 December 2012 of the year in St. Petersburg on the stocks of LLC Baltiysky Zavod - Shipbuilding began the production of fodder sections Vladivostok UDC - in total, according to the contract, 12 fodder sections of the landing helicopter carrier will be built (about 20% of ship design).
Ships under construction
Of course, this list is far from being complete - the ships under construction, which are in varying degrees of readiness, were not included in it — built or launched several years ago, but still not accepted into the Navy. Among them:
- a multi-purpose submarine with Kazan-launched cruise missiles, laid down in 2009 in accordance with the advanced project 885М Yasen;
- small rocket ship "Grad Sviyazhsk", built in 2011 year;
- frigates of projects 22350 and 11356 - two ships of each type;
- The diesel-electric submarines of the 636.6 (“Varshavyanka”) and 677 (“Lada”) projects - two boats of each type;
- small hydrographic vessel "Victor Faleev" (project 19910);
- The base minesweeper of the 12700 Alexandrite project, laid out in 2011.
Also, special naval facilities were not taken into account, for example, the Sviyaga transport floating dock (laid out at the end of 2012) (the 22570 project Kvartira) and the sea support vessel Akademik Aleksandrov (the 20180 project).
We built, built and, finally, built!
Even with the current pace of military shipbuilding, the promises of the Russian government to replenish the Russian 50 fleet with new ships by 2016 look quite realistic and doable. The second positive point is that despite all the skeptics' fears, the shipbuilding dynamics of the last few years not only survived, but even improved - this year the fleet received 5 ready ships with a total displacement of more than 20 thousand tons! For comparison: in 2011, this indicator was at the level of 3 th. Tons - there is progress.
Such a sharp increase in the pace of construction occurred mainly due to the transfer of the K-535 “Yuri Dolgoruky” to the fleet of the submarine strategic rocket carrier. A doubly joyful event - the Russian Navy received the first nuclear submarine after a long break from 2001, when the multipurpose G-335 "Cheetah" was accepted into the Northern Fleet.
In 2013, we can safely predict a twofold increase in the number of ships accepted into the Navy: the second strategic Borey K-550 Alexander Nevsky and the multipurpose K-329 Severodvinsk have been built and tested for a long time. Only one step separates them from service. Let's hope that the Admiral Gorshkov, the lead frigate of the 22350 project, will finally be completed. The active construction of new corvettes and small rocket ships continues, and somewhere far away, on the other side of Europe, the French welders will sparkle with electrodes, collecting the Vladivostok landing craft.
Criticism? Yes, in this whole story there are a couple of impartial moments. The ship construction terms still cause little optimism - the Yuriy Dolgorukiy strategic missile carrier was built almost 16 years - since November 1996 has failed the main diesel-electric propulsion submarine of the 677 Lada project, it looks like it will remain in trial operation forever. An amazing New Year's Eve gift was made by the Defense Ministry - the contract for the construction of two Mistrals in Russia was transferred from 2013 to 2016 year.
What will happen next - time will tell. It remains only to congratulate everyone on the New Year 2013 and wish more good News in the new year.
Mortgage section of the Admiral Essen foogath (eg 11356)
Frigate "Tarkash" Indian Navy - this is how ships will look like pr.11356
Mortgage section of the corvette "Thundering" (project 20380)
K-329 "Severodvinsk" on running trials
SSB K-550 "Alexander Nevsky"
In half the sky growing out of the ground
and finding contour and clarity
he sleeps bye, mighty giant
slightly shaded by a building lattice.
and finding contour and clarity
he sleeps bye, mighty giant
slightly shaded by a building lattice.
And this moment is truly great,
when under the thunder of orchestras and ovations he
startled, off the ground
- the one from which we can not tear myself away ...
when under the thunder of orchestras and ovations he
startled, off the ground
- the one from which we can not tear myself away ...
Information