Anti-satellite weapons - space killers

22
In modern times, not only elements of the civilian infrastructure of the most developed countries are associated with satellite orbital groupings, but also a substantial part of the military infrastructure. Moreover, during possible conflicts, many satellites can be used in the interests of the military, as they often have a dual purpose. Communications satellites, global positioning, meteorological services are dual-use satellites. It is no coincidence that over time in some countries decided to pay attention to the development of anti-satellite systems weapons. Since the decommissioning of orbital groups of a potential enemy can cause great damage to the military potential of today's states.

Anti-satellite weapons - a set of weapons, which is designed to destroy and disable space vehicles used for reconnaissance and navigation purposes. Structurally according to the method of placement such a weapon is divided into 2 of the main type: 1) interceptor satellites; 2) ballistic missiles launched from aircraft, ships or ground launchers.



Currently, there are no state borders in space, the whole territory, which is at a certain level from the earth's surface, is used by all countries jointly. Those of them who were able to reach a certain technical level. The interaction between the world space powers is carried out on the basis of the reached international agreements. It is supported only by organizational methods. At the same time, space objects themselves do not have the possibility of passive or active protection and, therefore, are quite vulnerable in defense terms.

For this reason, the existing orbital groups are quite vulnerable to external factors and for the enemy appear to be the object of potential force application. At the same time, the decommissioning of satellite constellations can significantly weaken the military potential of the host state. The use of weapons systems in space is stipulated only in a special international agreement. The states that signed this treaty have pledged not to bring satellite mines and armed interceptors into outer space. But, like many international treaties, the agreement on the prohibition of the presence of weapons in space is maintained only on the good will of the countries that have signed the agreement. In this case, at any time the contract may be denounced by one of the parties.
Anti-satellite weapons - space killers
GLONASS satellite

Such a situation could be observed in the recent past, when the United States in December 2001 decided to withdraw from the treaty on limiting missile defense systems. The procedure for withdrawing from this treaty was very simple; US President George W. Bush simply notified Russia that with the 12 of June 2002, the ABM Treaty would end its existence. At the same time, this decision of the states at the UN General Assembly was supported only by Israel, Paraguay and Micronesia. If you look at the problem from such an angle, the exit from the agreement on the non-use of outer space for military purposes may be a matter of just a couple of hours.

Both the United States and the USSR, despite the existence of a treaty, did not stop work on the creation of anti-satellite weapons, and nobody knows by 100% how many orbital mines and torpedoes, as well as interceptor missiles, remained in the arsenals of these countries. Moreover, if in the past it was believed that only one launch vehicle with a shock object was needed to intercept and destroy a satellite, today projects of missiles with multiple warheads look quite viable. At one time, the USSR, in response to the American Star Wars program, which provided for the launch of orbital platforms into space, which could destroy intercontinental ballistic missiles during a flight in the space segment of their trajectory, threatened to bring into the near-Earth space an almost unlimited number of passive destructive elements. Simply speaking, the nails, which, zipping along the orbits, would turn any high-tech equipment into a sieve. Another thing is that to use such weapons in practice is very difficult. As in the case of more or less mass use of such kind of damaging elements, a chain reaction may occur, when the wreckage of already affected satellites will begin to affect other still functioning satellites.

In this scenario, the most protected are satellites that are located in high geostationary orbits, located a few thousand kilometers from the surface of the Earth. To achieve such heights, the cosmic “nails” would have to be given such energy and speed that they would become almost golden. Also in a number of countries, work was underway to create air launch systems when it was planned to launch interceptor missiles from a carrier aircraft (in the USSR they planned to use MiG-31 for these purposes). Launching a rocket at a considerable height made it possible to achieve the energy savings required by the interceptor rocket.

Currently, experts believe that in the event of a full-fledged large-scale conflict between space states, the mutual destruction of satellite constellations will only be a matter of time. In this case, satellites will be destroyed much faster than any of the parties will launch new satellites into space. However, it will be possible to restore the destroyed orbital constellation of satellites only after the end of the war, if the state still has the necessary financial and economic capacity and infrastructure for this. If we take into account the fact that interceptor missiles and “buckets of nails” will not particularly understand what this or that satellite is needed for, then satellite television and long-distance and international communications will not be available for a long time after such a conflict.

Quite an important aspect is the fact that the cost of interceptor missiles is cheaper than launching specialized satellites. It is believed that even medium-range missiles can be used for interception purposes. According to experts, this is exactly what they did in China, creating their own interceptor missile. On the condition that a missile is precisely aimed at a target, such a missile can carry a minimum payload, which makes such a weapon cheaper. According to American information, anti-satellite missiles SM-3Block2B are capable of hitting satellites at altitudes up to 250 km, and costing the US taxpayer 20-24 million dollars per piece. At the same time, more powerful GBI interceptor missiles, which are planned to be deployed in Poland, are more expensive - about 70 million dollars.

MiG-31 as elements of anti-satellite weapons

Since 1978, in the USSR, Vimpel Design Bureau began work on the creation of an anti-satellite missile equipped with an AChL and capable of being used with the MiG-31 interceptor fighter. The rocket was brought to a predetermined height with the help of an airplane, after which it was launched and exploded right next to the satellite. In 1986, the MiG design bureau began work on the revision of the 2-s interceptor MiG-31 fighters for new weapons. The upgraded aircraft received the designation MiG-XNUMHD. He had to carry one large specialized missile, and his weapons control system was completely redesigned for its use. Both aircraft were single and did not carry radar (31-kg weight models were installed instead).
MiG-31D

The MiG-31D had nodules both on the MiG-31M, and also it was equipped with large triangular planes located on the ends of the wing of the aircraft, which were called “flippers” and were similar to those on the prototype MiG-25П. These "flippers" were intended to give the fighter additional stability in flight when suspended on the outer ventral pylon of a large anti-satellite missile. The fighters received the 071 and 072 tail numbers. Work on these two machines was completed in the 1987 year, and in the same year the aircraft with the 072 tail number began flight testing at the Zhukovsky design bureau. The fighter test program continued for a number of years and was suspended only at the beginning of the 1990-s because of the unclear situation with the appearance of the necessary rocket.

For the first time, photographs of a new interceptor fighter with an anti-satellite missile under the fuselage were published in August 1992 of the year in Aviation Week and Space Technology magazine. However, the tests of this system have not been completed. The development of an anti-satellite rocket was conducted by the Vympel Design Bureau specializing in the development of SD. It was assumed that the MiG-31D will launch an anti-satellite missile at an altitude of about 17 000 meters and flight speed 3 000 km / h.

Current state

Currently, the US-based missile defense system is based on the Aegis. This complex includes the RIM-161 Standard Missile 3 rocket (SIM-3), which has the ability to destroy satellites, which was demonstrated in practice by the 21 February 2008 of the year, when the rocket was able to successfully destroy the US military satellite USA-193, which went beyond counting low orbit.
Ship-based missile defense called Aegis

January 11 2007 China has tested its own anti-satellite weapon. The Chinese Fengyun FY-1C meteorological satellite, which was located in a polar orbit, was hit at a height of 865 kilometers by a direct hit by an anti-satellite missile that was launched from a mobile PU at the Sichan space center and was able to intercept the meteorological satellite on a head-on course. As a result of the destruction of the satellite, a cloud of debris arose. Later, ground tracking systems detected at least 2 300 space debris, the size of which was between 1 and more.

In Russia, the official release of space interceptor missiles currently does not exist. The Soviet program aimed at combating enemy satellite groupings was called “Satellite Fighter” and was deployed in the 70-80s of the last century. During the tests of this program, interceptor satellites were launched into Earth orbit, which, while maneuvering independently, approached the target of the attack, after which they carried out a charge detonation. Since 1979, this system has begun combat duty, but tests under this program have been stopped due to the adoption of a moratorium on the pollution of outer space, the current status and prospects of this program are not reported. In addition, in the USSR, work was carried out on the destruction of enemy satellites using ground-based laser systems and missiles deployed on fighter-interceptors (such as the MiG-31).

Information sources:
-http: //voennovosti.ru/2012/11/kosmicheskie-ubijcy
-http: //army.lv/ru/mig/894/332
-http: //ru.wikipedia.org/wiki
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  1. 0
    24 December 2012 08: 56
    Prior to the MIG 31, US fxnumx fighter systems were equipped with weapons systems to combat satellites. Not so long ago, the F15 were modernized, in particular, radars with an active phased array were installed, which immediately increased the effectiveness of these fighters, including as a means of combating satellites. The same radars provided the ability to separate functions between the F15 and the more modern FNUMX and FNUMX, in which the FNUMX detects and tracks aerial targets and also provides target data to the FNUMX and FNNUMX and they launch missiles at the indicated targets without turning on their own radars. T, e, the idea of ​​spaced radar stations and the secrecy of more modern and expensive aircraft are realized
    1. +5
      24 December 2012 10: 00
      Anti-satellite weapons are necessary in modern warfare like air ...
      1. to water
        +3
        24 December 2012 11: 08
        Therefore, ours reanimated the 2005 Sokol-Echelon program based on the Il-76MD. At the same time, everything is beautiful and aesthetically pleasing. The satellite is blinded by a laser (optoelectronic systems are disabled). No splinters and rubbish for you, a blind bastard flies and that's it!
        1. +3
          24 December 2012 16: 10
          Not only blind, but deaf and dull, until a slap is flopped. laughing
          1. Igorboss16
            0
            25 December 2012 13: 23
            anti-satellite missiles are certainly good, but in the future it would be better if our device picked them up directly in orbit and returned them to the earth by parachute, it’s so much gold and precious metals, it’s a benefit to the face, and with such rates of pollution we’ll turn the whole space into garbage , and it’s not safe to fly there
            1. to water
              0
              28 December 2012 00: 37
              Illiterate reason, from a technical and physical point of view. It is still necessary to fly to the satellite, and these are the fuel resources that are in space no cheaper than drag metals, in addition to attach a parachute is not all, because the satellite itself will burn during descent in dense layers of the atmosphere, if it is not placed in a special capsule. And it is impossible to put it in a special capsule because when it is put into orbit it is in a folded compact state, and only then it straightens its solar panels and relay, transmitting and transmitting antennas. And this, I brought you arguments as an amateur, having only an engineering education, which has nothing to do with the space industry.
    2. postman
      +1
      24 December 2012 18: 03
      Quote: gregor6549
      Not so long ago, the F15s were modernized, in particular, radars with an active phased array were installed, which immediately increased the effectiveness of these fighters, including as a means of combating satellites.

      How????????????
      F-15SE EPR reduction (CTB, RP coating for wing edges, changing keel design), DEWS electronic warfare, DFCS STS, AN / APG-63 (V) 3 radar
      And the guidance of the MHV ASM-135 ASAT on the IR sensor.

      The data was processed by the on-board computer MHV: weight 0,8 kg and a total of 24000 bytes of RAM. All MKV subsystems had very unique miniature designs.
      =========================
      Major General Doug Pearson - the first and (so far) only "Space Ace"
      F-15A number 76-0086

      ASM-135 ASAT in the museum.

      The program was terminated in 1988. Of the 15 produced ASM-135 produced (6 spent on flight tests) and 20 converted F-15 = where are they now- xs
      Simulation start from 0:36:
    3. +1
      24 December 2012 23: 29
      Quote: gregor6549
      Prior to the MIG 31, US fxnumx fighter systems were equipped with weapons systems to combat satellites. Not so long ago, the F15 were modernized, in particular, radars with an active phased array were installed, which immediately increased the effectiveness of these fighters, including as a means of combating satellites. The same radars provided the ability to separate functions between the F15 and the more modern FNUMX and FNUMX, in which the FNUMX detects and tracks aerial targets and also provides target data to the FNUMX and FNNUMX and they launch missiles at the indicated targets without turning on their own radars. T, e, the idea of ​​spaced radar stations and the secrecy of more modern and expensive aircraft are realized

      Thank you, but only this popular information here is neither to the village nor to the city.
      The antennas for F15, F22 and F35 are good. But not when hunting for satellites - it's too tough for them. And about the spaced radar stations and the digital channel for exchanging data between the group's fighters - you will laugh, but the priority here is not for the Americans (although they shout everywhere that they always have everything "the largest" and "the most powerful"), and the Soviet constructors.

      In general, modesty is not a feature that is inherent in amers. But sometimes they come across honest professionals. So, after some air show of the American pilot ace, the French (I think. I don’t remember exactly. I’ll find a link to the interview), the journalist asked his opinion on the demonstrated Russian technique.
      The American (respect!) Answered honestly: - "Say thank you that the Russians do not fly! If they did fly, we would have nothing to do there (finger in the sky) ..." (this interview was at a time when Russia was just beginning to get out after Gorbachev's betrayal.)

      I'll try to find the link.
      There and the name of the American ace was indicated.
  2. +3
    24 December 2012 09: 06
    Such weapons are needed. especially when using high technology and communications. Knocked out satellites of the enemy are a guarantee of a great hindrance to the operation of communications, command, coordination of ground, naval and air forces. Then all these tablet maps, GPS, and more, will just become junk.
    1. +1
      24 December 2012 13: 49
      Quote: erased
      Knocked out satellites of the enemy are a guarantee of a great hindrance to the operation of communications, command, coordination of ground, naval and air forces. Then all these tablet maps, GPS, and more, will just become junk.

      Which will hit especially hard on high-tech armies, such as amers. There, besides radio amateurs, probably no one even remembers Morse code. And everything will fall back to the level of the Second World War, well, or almost.
  3. +8
    24 December 2012 10: 31
    First soviet maneuvering satellites ("Flight-1" and "Flight-2") were tested back in 1963 and 1964. Orbital interceptions took place on 01.11.1968 (the target satellite "Kosmos-252" was destroyed) and 03.12.1971 (the target satellite "Cosmos-462" was destroyed).
    In the future, it was planned to test on the basis of a long-term orbital station an option as with laser (program "Skiff"), so with missile weapons (Cascade program). The laser system was planned to be used to blind American satellites, the missile system to destroy them.
    According to the missile program, there was the Naryad-V system, for which in the 1980s, on the basis of the UR-100N UTTH (15A35) intercontinental ballistic missile, the launch vehicle of the Rokot attack satellites began to be developed]. Due to the collapse of the USSR, among other reasons, the program was terminated. And in general, the missile direction of the PKO was successfully dealt with by the Central Scientific Research Institute "Kometa" headed by Academician Savin.
    By the beginning of 1970. A unique and efficient automated complex was created. At least, the American one - the ASAT system - cannot be compared with it. Its components are a ground command-computing and measuring station located in the Moscow region, a special launch pad at the Baikonur training ground, a launch vehicle and an interceptor spacecraft. By the beginning of the seventies, these systems were, as they say, in full readiness. Our specialists could capture and shoot down any satellite that flew over the USSR, they could work on maneuvering targets. In 1979, the missile defense system was put on combat duty.. Here is what Academician Savin himself tells about this system in an interview

    The first air-to-air fighter systems we also started. And then I had to switch to the space theme. We agreed with Chelomey that I will be engaged in anti-satellite defense and marine space reconnaissance. It was a very complicated thing, very complex ... It was necessary to replace earthly thinking with space. The saga began in 1960. The system must be global: you have to control the whole globe. How to do this, no one could imagine. One system is the defeat of satellites, which requires the Center for Outer Space Control and complex ground structures, as well as a satellite that will destroy enemy vehicles. A combat satellite needs a missile, support systems, on-board equipment and a homing head.
    No, they (the Americans) tried to do something similar, but they didn’t succeed ... They used only ballistic methods, tried to shoot down the satellites with rockets. They conducted such experiments. But everything happened at low altitudes, and we did everything up to ten thousand kilometers. Then our project grew to 42 thousand kilometers. That is, stationary satellites can also be shot down ... The system was adopted. Conducted field experiments. The first satellite was not shot down, but the second was shot down. Then there were a few more successful shots, and the system was considered effective. Tests of the complex began in 1968. In August 1970, the task was set to eliminate the Earth’s satellite. Soon, the fragmentation warhead of the interceptor spacecraft hit the target. By the beginning of the SDI program (also known as Star Wars), up to a dozen objects were already destroyed in space by our system. During this work, I had to launch 172 satellites. I was a technical manager and constantly sat on the training ground. Almost all launches are successful. Only once we had a big trouble with an atomic source.

    Full interview here
    1. +7
      24 December 2012 10: 52
      Laser program PKO "Skif" not so successful. but maneuvering satellites to combat military spacecraft were tested quite successfully. So, during the Shield-82 exercises, nicknamed the “Seven-Hour Nuclear War” in the West, in addition to launching ballistic missiles and missile defense (the warheads of two UR-100 ICBMs were successfully intercepted by two A-350R missiles), space interceptors were also launched . The exercises made an indelible impression on the US military leadership. They became one of the reasons why R. Reagan launched the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) program on March 23, 1983.
      A draft 17F19 Skif apparatus was prepared for testing various combat systems, for example, the 1K11 Stilet product (the predecessor of the 1K17 Compression ground complex), which was infrared laser. The first was to become Polyus satellite (Skif-DM) - demo sample.. Moreover, contrary to popular belief, the main weapon on the satellite was a laser. geophysical experiment(tests), as it is now fashionable to say weapons on new physical principles
      GF-1/1 - generation artificial gravitational waves upper atmosphere
      GF-1/2 - creation of artificial Dynamo effect in the earth's ionosphere
      GF-1/3 - creation large-scale ionization in ion and plasmasphere
      sighting system "Pion-K" with a laser-electronic telescope and a group of targets, it was really tested in 1985 on the Cosmos-1686 apparatus (the fourth model of the transport and functional spacecraft TKS docking with the Salyut-7 station) and was planned as a standard one on the Spectrum module of the Mir station ". The aiming system worked on objects on Earth (the “Surface” experiment), on the ocean surface (“Zebra”), on flying objects in the atmosphere (“Shell”), as well as on corner reflectors fired from the aircraft. No real destruction of these objects was carried out, since combat systems had to be tested during subsequent experiments already on the basis of the new platform. The aiming system was to become universal for laser, missile and other combat systems. And if this program were implemented, the Soviet Union would have received a powerful tool for monitoring both the earth's surface and near-Earth space. But ... the program was buried a little earlier than the Soviet Union. This happened not without the participation of the last Secretary-General.
      1. +7
        24 December 2012 11: 08
        Here are the memories of the chief designer of the system “Pole” (“Skif-DM”)(was supposed to be launched into orbit in the first launch of the Energia heavy carrier rocket, which later became the Buran’s horse) of Boris Ivanovich Gubanov, who showed Skif Gorbachev ready for launch
        [quote] [quote] Coming out of the bus, greeted the greeters, Gorbachev said, addressing me: "The Politburo will not allow you to launch this rocket ..." Dumbfounded by this, I did not specify or try to understand the reason for such a decision he had formed. The statement on behalf of the supreme body was apparently discussed in advance ...
        … Gorbachey's last thesis answered all our questions about our future. It became clear what awaits "Energy" ... The times of NS Khrushchev and Leonid Brezhnev have gone far - we stop strengthening the nuclear shield. [/quote] [/ quote]
        Further speaking at the Officers' Palace on May 13, Gorbachev said:
        [quote] [quote] “... Our course towards peaceful space is not a sign of weakness. It is an expression of the peace-loving foreign policy of the Soviet Union. We offer the international community cooperation in the development of peaceful outer space. We oppose the arms race, including in space ... Our interests here coincide with the interests of the American people, and with the interests of other peoples of the world ... "[/ quote] [/ quote]
        However, the start took place but the satellite’s stabilization engines could not stop the rotation, and without gaining the necessary orbital speed, it fell into the waters of the Pacific Ocean. On this the program was completed
        One can only guess how the implementation of the program of influence on the physical properties of the Earth’s shells and the program of military space systems would influence the alignment of forces in the Cold War. Americans' peace initiatives at the time of their technological lag.
        Currently, in Russia with varying degrees of success, work is underway on the aforementioned system "Outfit"
        the Naryad satellite was part of a large-scale program to create a universal “attack aircraft” capable of hitting both ground targets and maneuvering in the atmosphere and in near-Earth orbit. Development went on at the Khrunichev Center. Despite the loss of interest on the part of the state, it continued in the 90s - as always, “on an initiative basis”. The following reference applies to 2002, when during a visit to the Center, Putin was shown the results of the work. As a result, the Ministry of Defense was instructed to "deal with the" Outfit ": is there a need, and if so, what funds will be required for this." The results of the assessment are naturally unknown, but later similar programs are mentioned in connection with the use of the Angara launch vehicles from the Plesetsk cosmodrome. And in 2009, when Popovkin announced the development of anti-satellite weapons in Russia, it was said that “the groundwork for the Naryad-VN and Naryad-BP missile and space systems based on interceptor missiles (combat missiles, installed in mine launchers, with combat space heads, ie with space attack satellites) ". Probably, the work is financed among several missile defense and development programs of the Military Space Forces.
      2. +1
        24 December 2012 11: 33
        And here is the "Skif"
        1. +2
          24 December 2012 12: 15
          The spacecraft "Pole" (Skif-DM, product 17F19DM) - dynamic layout of a combat laser orbital platform, payload used during the first launch of the Energia launch vehicle in 1987
          “Skif” - the name of the project of a combat laser orbital platform weighing over 80 tons, the development of which began in the late 1970s at NPO Energia (in 1981, due to the heavy workload of the association, the topic “Skif” was transferred to the Salyut Design Bureau ").



          1. 0
            24 December 2012 21: 04
            Was it really possible to launch a dynamic layout at the height of the Cold War? I think that the 17F19D product became a dimamic model after the deviations at the start of Energy and the transition of the payload to the suborbital flight mode. If I am not mistaken, the correction engines were triggered in reverse mode, which led to the announcement of the flight as "launching a dynamic layout".
            1. +1
              24 December 2012 23: 45
              studentmati, There is a version that the separation was successful at an estimated height of 110km. reverse (turn) did not go according to the design scheme due to an error in switching the electrical circuit. The device hell knows how long it stood in readiness on the launch pad, it’s not surprising that somewhere, somehow, some kind of switching circuit didn’t work (the contact phenomenon is the most common failure). As a result, he did not enter orbit and fell along a ballistic trajectory with a stone into the ocean.
              A May 15 TASS report on this launch said

              In the Soviet Union, flight design tests have begun on a new powerful universal launch vehicle Energia, designed to launch reusable orbital spacecraft and large-size spacecraft for scientific and national economic purposes into near-earth orbits. A two-stage universal launch vehicle ... is capable of launching more than 100 tons of payload into orbit ... On May 15, 1987 at 21:30 Moscow time, the first launch of this rocket was carried out from the Baikonur cosmodrome ... The second stage of the launch vehicle ... brought to the calculated point the overall weight model of the satellite. The overall weight model, after being separated from the second stage, was to be launched into a circular low-earth orbit using its own engine. However, due to the abnormal operation of its on-board systems, the model did not go into a given orbit and splashed down in the Pacific Ocean ... "


              It’s difficult to call it a mock-up. This is an ordinary platform only without a filling. There, the amers chase their secret spaceship, the same platform, and what we don’t know about it. So it is here. but I think it’s unlikely that they would begin to risk a real product, first you had to test the platform or layout
              1. +2
                25 December 2012 00: 20
                I think, Stanislav, that it is also necessary to take into account the time, or rather the era. There was no time and money for mock launches. The designer went Va-bank. The start of Energy itself with the 17F19D product with deviations from the trajectory that caused minor destruction of the starting table is already a bluff. But the gyroscopes coped with that! And the subsequent start of Energia-Buran without intermediate launches of the "mock-ups" is also by and large a bluff, but rather the intuitive confidence of Gleb Evgenievich! Moreover, the flight was carried out with many conditional factors. At least take an internal power plant operating on batteries, which largely fulfilled the conventional payload? There was no other choice but to go all-in! Although, unfortunately, this did not save such great projects from Mikhail Sergeevich's decisions to be destroyed.
                1. +2
                  25 December 2012 02: 26
                  studentmati,

                  Well, the following picture turned out with this start. The device was docked with the carrier on February 3, 1987. However, the launch command was received only on May 15, 1987. and for all these 100 days the device was on the table. I had to endure the most extreme climatic conditions - temperature from -27 to + 30ºC, blizzard, wet snow, rain, fog and dust storms). The State Commission was constantly reviewing the program of research work in orbit and as a result canceled it all. They only decided to put Skif-DM into orbit, and a month later bring it into the atmosphere over the desert region of the Pacific Ocean. Part of the equipment began to be dismantled directly on the site not equipped for this, at an altitude of 11 m above the launch pad, next to the fully charged unit. And only on May 11 Gorbachev himself flew in and as General Zavalishin recalled
                  Gorbachev advised to conduct all tests and verification of the principle of targeting and control not in space, but in direction of the center of the earth (allegorical name of the funeral procedure,.).
                  . And only the 15th rocket launched. It is not surprising that in such conditions of preparation and storage, anything could happen.
                  1. +1
                    25 December 2012 02: 53
                    The picture is clear, as there is nowhere easier. But was the product real? It looks like the kittens were buried alive?
        2. postman
          +1
          25 December 2012 00: 42
          Quote: gregor6549
          And here is the "Skif"

          More precisely, the picture ....
          1. +1
            25 December 2012 00: 49
            Dream drawing! Unfulfilled, unfortunately.
    2. postman
      -2
      24 December 2012 18: 20
      Quote: Ascetic
      At least the American one, the ASAT system, cannot be compared with it.

      Finished He (ASM-135 ASAT)
      - cheaper because The carrier is not ROCKETF-CARRIER (disposable, worth $ 50-100 million), but the prepared regular F-15
      -Mobile (take-off F-15 from any prepared airfield)
      -Manoeuvrable ----- With a refueling system, start-up can be made from almost anywhere (latitude, longitude, angle of inclination)
      -operational (reaction time: roll out, hook, take-off, climb 15 km, launch)
      Logistics also does not go to any comparison (1180 kg, 5.48m x 0,508)
      - In addition to warhead (MHV) rocket could produce any factory solid propellant rocket engine
      AGM-69 SRAM + Altair (LPC-415)
      1. +3
        24 December 2012 20: 16
        postman,

        The main purpose of the ASAT anti-satellite aircraft-missile complex is the defeat of artificial earth satellites on low orbits - up to 1000 km.
        Quote: Ascetic
        No, they (the Americans) tried to do something similar, but they didn’t succeed ... They used only ballistic methods, tried to shoot down the satellites with rockets. They conducted such experiments. But everything happened at low altitudes, and we did everything up to ten thousand kilometers. Then our project grew to 42 thousand kilometers. That is, you can shoot down and stationary satellites..


        In 1993, Russia withdrew the anti-space defense complex (PKO)
        So don’t worry, don’t worry so much! .ASAT is certainly the best and everything is fine with them. What to compare what is with what is already gone.
        1. postman
          0
          25 December 2012 00: 41
          Quote: Ascetic
          lands in low orbits - up to 1000 km.

          And above it was necessary? ASAT was "sharpened" for:
          RORSAT / RORSAT / 17F16K ocean reconnaissance satellites - Working orbit height = 270 km
          (therefore, they had an on-board nuclear power plant BES-5 "Buk",)
          and satellite electronic intelligence "EORSAT" / EORSAT / 17F17-The height of the working orbit = 420 km
          The satellites of the aerospace reconnaissance were carried out by satellites of the Yantar and Orlets type, Cobalt =220-315 km, "Almaz-T" = 170km

          Only "Eye" (US-K (500km-40000km) -partly, and US-KS (42 164 km)) is out of reach, so while you fly 40 km (000/40000 km / s = 11 HOUR + launch into acceleration orbit) only the lazy one will not know that the satellite is attacked

          Quote: Ascetic
          No, they (the Americans) tried to do something similar, but they didn’t succeed ..

          Well yes?
          But what about:
          McDonnell Douglas HEDI
          Lockheed eris
          Lockheed hoe
          Boeing GBI (deployed)
          "Brilliant Pebbles"
          KEI

          Quote: Ascetic
          In 1993, Russia withdrew the anti-space defense complex (PKO)

          OJSC TsNPO "KASKAD / FSUE CRI" Comet ": ПСО ИС-4М?

          Initially "IS" intercepted targets up to heights of 2 thousand kilometers, later it was possible to bring the height of interception up to 4 thousand kilometers.
          According to other sources, by 1983 the IS could attack spacecraft in orbits above 5 thousand km.

          According to some, according to others ...
          I tell you about the economy: the cost of launching, and you tell me: feel
          Quote: Ascetic
          So don't worry well don't worry

          I don’t worry and don’t worry. We studied ASAT in due time meticulously and for a long time considered a resource for storage.
          And they were removed for political reasons and the MiG-31D (30P6)
  4. itr
    +1
    24 December 2012 12: 36
    Popovkin-Cosmic killer and half-staked kitchen fighter
    1. +4
      24 December 2012 12: 47
      Quote: itr
      Popovkin-Cosmic killer and half-staked kitchen fighter


      I am well acquainted with the person under whose leadership Popovkin once served while still in the rank of major. Reviews about it frankly unflattering.
      This man is very respected and deserved honest and decent therefore I personally trust his opinion IMHO.
      1. Kamchadal
        +1
        24 December 2012 20: 58
        .... I agree with you .... unfortunately ... (....
  5. WW3
    WW3
    +2
    24 December 2012 15: 04
    Communication, global positioning, and meteorological service satellites are dual-use satellites. It is no coincidence that over time, some countries decided to pay attention to the development of anti-satellite weapons systems. Since the failure of the orbital groupings of a potential enemy can cause great damage to the military potential of today's states.

    The enemy will go blind, having lost spy satellites ... an arms race will inevitably go into space in spite of any treaties ...
    The fact that outer space has been mastered not only for peaceful purposes has been known for a long time.
    http://www.pereplet.ru/space/nuclear.html
  6. +1
    24 December 2012 21: 15
    we received such stars from childhood when we launched a fly into the RT-80 soviet telescope,
    just in the very era of the "star wars SDI" recourse
    Th thought what to see her everyday life ...
    then they still sang
    "listen to raigon, will broadcast from Hollywood ...." request
    then we played the teacher with confession and he forgave us ... but he cursed and laughed for a long time ...

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