Weapons from the pass
Being engaged in the events of more than fifty years ago, I could not have imagined that as a result I would write an article on this topic that was absolutely not relevant to me. weapons. But, as they say, the ways of the Creator are inscrutable, so I will begin from afar and in order.
Soon 54 will be filled with events in the mountains of the northern Urals: a group of 9 tourists died there, killed under mysterious circumstances. History the death of tourists is still not forgotten, there are many newspaper publications, several films, Hollywood will release a thriller on this topic next year. If these long-standing events interest someone, type in the search engine "Dyatlov pass", and thousands of links will be published, ranging from Wikipedia to UFO fan forums.
I plunged into the topic of the Dyatlov Pass for a long time, I have my own opinion about these events. Some of the materials in a truncated form are published in KP, if anyone is interested in reading the full versions of articles, then they are VKontakte: http://vk.com/id184633937
Attempting to understand what really happened there in early February 1959goda led to paradoxical conclusions:
- All nine tourists were killed by an unknown type of weapon.
- Warning shots of an unknown weapon injured people, forcing them to urgently leave the tent without outerwear and shoes.
- The weapon acted only on the line of sight.
- In four cases, in the absence of external damage, the bones were broken.
- The five dead did not have any visible (even at autopsy) damage.
- Simultaneously with the death of a man, his watch (mechanical) stopped.
- All died without agonal movements, in the pose of the last frozen moment.
- If the person did not die, then he was still immobilized.
- The use of weapons did not cause the body to be "thrown back"; on the contrary, the body fell over towards the shot.
- The use of weapons was virtually silent.
The only real option for such a weapon was a high-speed bullet moving at a speed of about 1000km / s and microscopic dimensions of the order of 0,1mm in diameter and long 0,5mm., With such characteristics, its energy corresponds to the lethal force of an ordinary rifle bullet.
At first it seemed like a fantastic assumption, but when dealing with the physics of the movement of this hypothetical bullet in a gas and solid medium (conventionally, of course, the human body is 70% water ...) it turned out that this is not only possible, but already partially implemented in modern weapons.
This article is devoted to justifying the reality of such a bullet and the attendant effects of its use, which are very unusual and do not fit into the everyday associations associated with small arms.
How to disperse a bullet (projectile) to such speeds in this article will not be described, but you can create such a rifle installation on the basis of existing powder technologies, a separate article on this topic will follow.
Bullet from the pass
Let us once again fix the initial conditions of the reasoning - in order for a bullet to be a million times lighter than an ordinary bullet from a rifle, possess the same destructive power, it must fly at a speed a thousand times faster.
To obtain a bullet mass by a million times smaller, all bullet sizes must be reduced by a factor of 100. For rifle bullets with a diameter of 1 cm., And a length of 5 cm. the size is 0,1mm. in diameter, and 0,5mm. in length, and this is the size visible to the naked eye (whose eyes are good), and certainly in any optical microscope. This is a “micropool”, and we will call it further to exactly match the name and physical essence of the object.
With a speed easier, the usual rifle bullet flies at a speed (rounded upwards) 1km / s, so the “micro bullet” should fly at a speed a thousand times faster, that is, 1000km / s.
First, let us substantiate the theoretical possibility of its passage through the atmosphere (gaseous medium), then we will discuss the mechanism for the breakdown of such a high-speed “microbullet” of a solid.
High-speed microbullet movement.
The main objection of experts when discussing this issue arises immediately - this micro bullet should burn from air friction. At first glance, yes, this is how all microscopic bodies falling to the earth with cosmic velocities behave. But this is only at certain ratios size-configuration-speed. High-speed objects can pass through dense media in another way, practically without friction.
This is not a hypothesis, but a working technology, it was mentioned in the article "The Dead Don't Lie". This refers to the method used in the Soviet, until recently secret underwater missile (torpedo) "Shkval". The "Shkval" torpedo can move under water with practically no friction at a speed of 500 km / h. For this, the method of the cavitation tunnel is used, which is an elongated gas droplet in which the torpedo is located during its movement.
Here's how this artist figuratively and fairly accurately portrayed:
But the image of this torpedo, and keep in mind, it is in service with the 1977 year, and began to be developed in the 1960 year:
Pay attention to its head, this is the most important part of the technology, the so-called "cavitator" and the exhaust holes of the gas generator for forcing gas into the cavity. The water environment of this device is moved apart to the sides, perpendicular to the direction of movement, so that the torpedo's body does not experience friction against water.
The method of movement proposed by Soviet scientists is so unusual that the Americans did not believe in the presence of such torpedoes from the USSR, referring to the fundamental impossibility of movement in water at such speeds.
A strange coincidence is the fact that the development of this torpedo began in less than a year after the events on the Dyatlov Pass.
The same method of creating a tunnel to reduce friction is also used for movement in a gas medium, only in this case the "cavity" will be purely vacuum, filled with discharged plasma.
Such devices are equipped with hypersonic maneuvering warheads of Russian ballistic missiles. Of course, these are absolutely secret, reliable photographs, of course not, but the Internet is full of references to this technology, called “plasma shelter”. Rumors about a certain plasma generator to create such a shelter have been around for a long time and it looks like there is a photo of such a plasma generator. Of course, one cannot say this with absolute certainty, I only make an assumption, see for yourself, here's a snapshot:
On the nose cone of a standard S-200 anti-aircraft missile, there is a part very similar to a plasma generator, although it is officially called an air-jet engine. By the way, this secret Russian project has a meaningful name - "Cold", I think further explanations are not appropriate, and so everything is clear.
Maneuvering warheads equipped with this technology practically do not heat up, friction against the atmosphere is minimized, this allows you to move with hypersonic speeds up to 10km / sec in the atmosphere.
"Micropump" to eliminate the mechanism of friction against air and, accordingly, to prevent heating, of course, cannot have a special device for creating a vacuum tunnel. But there may well work a slightly different physical principle of creating a vacuum tunnel.
An object with a speed significantly higher than the speed of movement of molecules in a gas (about 500m / sec) will itself create a plasma (the so-called impact ionization). If it is in the form of an “arrow” at microscopic dimensions, then colliding with gas molecules at the tip of an arrow, it will discard them at speeds comparable to its own speed, 1000km / sec, which is 2000 times faster than the usual velocity of molecules in air .
Such accelerated gas molecules, when scattering, will transfer kinetic energy to other molecules and a vacuum channel will be formed around the moving “micro-bullets” due to secondary collisions.
With the vacuum channel for the movement of a bullet, everything is quite clear, it is more difficult to understand the processes associated with the tip of the “micro bullets”, because it is he who creates the vacuum channel.
About impact ionization has already been written, but the processes at the tip of the “micro-bullets” are not limited to this, constant collisions with gas molecules will naturally warm it. But warming up is not important, because due to the large difference in the velocities of the molecules and the tip of the vector of application of forces from collisions will be almost unidirectional.
And this excludes the transfer of energy into heat, the entropy remains unchanged, and therefore not heating up, but compression of the tip will be observed.
The tip of the "micro-bullet" will squeeze over the entire contact area (tapered surface), heating for such a speed difference is insignificant. Moreover, it will be limited by the endothermic process (heat absorption) of plasma formation by the shock method.
In addition, the tip of “micro bullets” sharpened to a cone with an angle of convergence of 15-20 degrees, to avoid collisions with all air molecules in the cross section of “micro bullets” due to secondary collisions of air molecules between themselves. One air molecule colliding with the “micro bullet” will, on average, push more 100 molecules out of the cross section of the passage channel, and this also significantly reduces the heating of a moving object.
As a conclusion from all the above, it can be argued that the “micro bulbs” will not burn when moving through the air; moreover, the effect of creating a vacuum tunnel will be observed.
Vacuum tunnel.
Now I hope it is clear that such a “micro bullet” is not fiction, but the effectiveness of such a bullet will be small, it will be intensively slowed down, and the dynamic load applied at a point remote from the center of mass will inevitably lead to its tumbling and, as a result, rapid destruction.
In addition, from the analysis of the damaging factor of an unknown weapon used on the Dyatlov Pass, it follows that the vacuum channel created by its movement and falling into the human body filled it up to meet the shot. If we estimate up to the order of the diameter of the vacuum channel created by the movement of such a bullet, it turns out about 10 millimeters, and this is not enough to overwhelm a person towards the movement of a “microbullet”.
To obtain the effect of collapsing towards the bullet, the vacuum channel must have a size in the 5-10cm region. in diameter. So the “micro bullet” should have a more efficient mechanism for creating a vacuum tunnel and it looks like it was used in weapons on the pass, traces of radioactive contamination found on the clothes of the dead show this.
If a bullet is made of uranium, then it immediately acquires two additional mechanisms involved in the more efficient creation of a vacuum channel, these are: Pyrophoricity (a chemical oxidation reaction when heated) and an abelatory effect (in other words, self-sharpening).
The tip of the “microbullets” made of uranium by itself due to its high pyrophore will become an effective plasma generator and will burn as it moves, and due to the effect of self-shaking, always maintain its conical shape.
Positive ions of uranium oxide forming such a plasma will have additional energy and, therefore, a speed due to the high energy of the oxidation process, approximately equal to the explosion of the same weight of TNT. The massive and bulky uranium oxide U238 molecule resulting from such a chemical reaction will be much more efficient in transferring kinetic energy to air molecules to form a vacuum channel.
A rough calculation shows that the vacuum channel for such a uranium “micro-bullet” will be exactly the 10 we need in centimeters in diameter, and the length of such a tunnel will be about 50 meters. In addition, it is clear that the “micropoles” should actually have the proportions of the arrow, i.e. have a diameter-to-length ratio at 1: 20 or even 1: 40, like modern uranium armor-piercing shells.
If we return to the topic of the hypersonic maneuvering warhead of Russian ballistic missiles, then we can assume that its plasma generator is a uranium cone, additionally equipped with a device for pressurizing oxygen for an effective pyrophoric plasma generation process.
It is possible that other unknown effects are used, many experiments are described in the publications that violate the kinetic and chemical heat balance equations in uranium cores (for example, an article in the journal Science and Life by Dr. M. Marakhtanov).
Solid body collision
And so, with the super-speed “micro-bullet” movement through the air, the mechanism of collapsing bodies towards the bullet movement became clear, and not vice versa, as we used to.
Although not illuminated, but the mechanism of its noiseless movement is understandable, the fact is that the shock wave (not to be confused with the sound one) has a very short period of its action, not more than 1-3 milliseconds, and the human ear cannot pick up oscillations with a duration less than 10-25 milliseconds, no matter how powerful they are.
It remains to deal with the damaging factor, i.e. body breakdown mechanism such a microscopic bullet. Here we are faced with a stable household association, contrary to the very idea of destruction from a microscopic object. Immediately remember the usual medical needle and how it calmly and without consequences pierces the human body.
So we have to calculate a little, the bullet will push a solid body to the width of its diameter, at the angle of sharpening the tip at 45 degrees, the spreading speed will exactly coincide with the speed of the bullet itself, which in our case is 1000km / sec. The volume of the accelerated substance in a solid will be equal to the diameter of the bullet multiplied by the length of the channel pierced in the body. If we calculate the mass of the accelerated substance, then it will be many times greater than the mass of the bullet and the bullet, respectively, will sharply slow down. Such a microscopic bullet will not slip through the body without consequences, it will spend a significant part of its energy on pushing the body through the direction perpendicular to the velocity vector, on a shock wave inside the body.
When colliding with a solid body, the velocity object leaves a very small inlet and outlet. This hole is almost the same diameter as the object. There are no torn pieces in case of such a defeat. This is how it looks in the case of armor penetration by a uranium projectile:
"Micropump" will leave in any solid of precisely this nature holes, comparable to its own diameter, for one simple reason, at high speeds all solid bodies become similar in their properties to the steel from this picture. Accordingly, if the “micro bullet” has a diameter of about 0,1 millimeters, then the hole in the human body will be at the level of the natural pores of the skin. Such an inlet and outlet will not be detectable, unless you know of course what to look for.
Take another close look at the armor breakdown picture, what do you think, where is the inlet, and where is the outlet? It is difficult to understand, we are accustomed to associate an inlet with a depressed area, and an exit with a convexity area. But in the picture both holes have bulges, paradoxically at first glance ...
Artillerymen have long known that a projectile, getting into armor, forces it like a liquid. The “microwaves” will also behave in any solid body, including the human body. With this mechanism of advancement in a solid body, the main energy will be spent not on moving forward, but on moving apart to the sides perpendicular to the vector of motion of the solid body parts that are in the path of such a “microbullet”.
The energy of the bullet will not be transmitted as we used to see in action films, such as the body from a bullet hit is discarded. Far from it, the body will not even shake, the energy of the “micro-bullet” will turn into a shock wave inside the body directed perpendicularly to the movement of such a bullet.
A person who has got such an "infection" will have a powerful concussion, if at that moment there was a mechanical watch on his hand, then it will definitely stop immediately, which was observed among the tourists killed on the pass.
And by the way, two tourists who died near the fire might have been fatally contused by the hitting of “micro bullets” into the trunk of the cedar on which they were located. This explains the fact why this cedar was subsequently cut down, not to remove the landmark (as the researchers of the tragedy suggest), but to search for traces of “micro bullets” in its trunk.
Here is another snapshot of the armor breakdown channel by the percussion core of a cumulative charge now, its speed is ten times more (30-40 km / s), and the mass is about one gram, the projectile itself was blown up (formation of the impact core) at a distance of 100 meters from armor sheet thickness 70 centimeters:
The armor does not break through, but is burned, and the burned is not at all usual; all the chemical bonds between the metal atoms are destroyed by the impact, impact ionization is in progress and fragments of atoms in the form of plasma begin to "erupt" through the entrance channel.
The inlet is much larger than the most impacting core due to the breakdown of the walls of the breakdown channel by a plasma jet. This is closer to what the “micro bullet” will leave when the human body is broken, the inlet can be determined by a small burn on the skin.
It remains to understand only the difference of the damaging effects on the bodies of tourists.
On the pass, tourists died from the use of this weapon in two ways; in the first case, there was no visible damage, and in the other case, death was accompanied by extensive internal bone damage.
But everything is simple, the clothes, the skin of the body when a high-speed “micro-bullet” hits it, behaves like a sheet of iron hit by a sledgehammer, if there are bones under this sheet, they break, if there are no bones under it (stomach for example) no visible damage will occur, the organs do not tear, since the displacements with such a blow are minimal, at the level of the diameter of the “microbullet” itself.
There should be an ending here, but ...
Coming to this article, I even suspected that I would dig up such interesting material on the Internet. It is unlikely that this article would appear in the public domain, if it were not for one circumstance that translates the problem into a much more serious plane, literally of a cosmic scale.
The fact is that such high-speed objects, of a much larger cosmic scale, were registered: - “Tunguska meteorite”, and most likely the “Vitim meteorite” belongs to the same type. The circumstances of their fall and the detected destruction at the site of the fall completely fit into the picture of movement through the atmosphere and the breakdown of a solid by a high-speed compact object.
These meteorites are characterized by two unique properties; the absence of craters from the fall of meteorites, and the absence of meteoritic matter in the place of the supposed epicenter.
In addition, the places of the fall of these meteorites have another feature, the forest fall in the place of their fall. The shape of the fall of a very characteristic configuration, far from the circle, is in the form of a butterfly, and with specific directions of falling trees in this fall.
The absence of meteoric matter in the case of an object moving at speeds of the order of 1000km / s. it is simply explained, the object went into the earth for hundreds of meters, where it cannot be found. Such a high-speed and compact object will not leave an explosive crater, so it will not be detected. This is observed in both cases of the fall of these meteorites - neither a funnel, nor a meteoritic substance, only characteristic traces of dust of cosmic origin.
There is an even more obvious sign of the superhigh-speed movement of these meteorite objects, the fall of the forest, of the same form in both cases.
It has already been said about the vacuum channel that occurs when such a high-speed object passes through the atmosphere, but there is also a zone of increased pressure beyond the boundary of the vacuum channel; the boundary between these two zones is a shock wave. Apparently it was these zones of various pressures that caused the forest to fall out of a specific shape in the form of a butterfly. These same processes of the emergence and collapse of the vacuum zone explain the orientation of the tree trunks at the boundaries of forest fall zones, which is extremely unusual for an explosion.
On the Dyatlov Pass, “micropuls”, of course, could not have made a forest fall, but when they got into the snow, they left characteristic hollows of the crust. Search engines found strange “funnels” at the scene and even fixed them on photos, here’s one of these photos:
These are clearly not the traces of a human or animal, it is a trace from the vacuum channel when “micro-bullets” hit the snow.
Maybe this is another coincidence, but the Academy of Sciences of the USSR regularly conducted expeditions from 1960 to the site of the fall of the Tunguska meteorite, whose main task was to map the forest fallout zones. For this, even a special method was developed for registering the exact directions of fallen trees trunks.
If the reasoning is correct, then astronomers did not register the absolutely unknown form of meteorites, space objects with such speeds in the vicinity of the solar system, traces of the falls of the Tungussky and Vitimsky meteorites clearly indicate the existence of such compact and superhigh-speed objects with cosmic-scale energy.
And now the end.
And so, there is no doubt about the fundamental possibility of the existence of a "micro-bullet". In the article "The Dead Don't Lie", based on the similarity of the circumstances of the deaths of nine tourists, it was concluded that they all died from the use of the same unknown weapon. Injuries on bodies, body postures, stopped clocks, the very reconstruction of events with time bindings can only be explained by the defeat of all nine tourists by such "micro-bullets".
Naturally, I am not claiming that in reality the "micro-bullet" was exactly of this size and had such a speed, these figures were taken as some conditional reference points, nothing more. The very principle of movement and the damaging effect of such an ultra-high-speed compact object is important.
It remains the case for small things, to understand on what principles the gun itself is arranged, shooting these “micro bullets”.
It may seem that some unknown physical principles are used for this, maybe so. But it is possible to disperse the “microbullet” with the help of well-known powder technologies, and with much greater efficiency than in modern weapons.
So no mystery, but this will be the next article, entitled "The principle of the lemon seed."
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