Under the waves of the Baltic

30
The Baltic Sea has a number of significant differences from the northern seas. Shallow depths are a great difficulty for submarine operations, but on the other hand, they give additional chances for salvation. That will be confirmed further.

On the day of the German attack on the USSR, submarines of the Red Banner Baltic fleet totaled 69 units and were reduced to 3 brigades and a separate training division for the training scuba diving unit. The 1st brigade was intended for operations in the southern and central parts of the Baltic Sea, the 2nd brigade for operations in the Gulf of Finland and Bothnia, the training brigade included all submarines under construction and major repairs. Submarines were based along the entire Soviet Baltic coast, including the territory of the Baltic republics that had just joined the USSR and rented from the Finnish naval base Hanko.

In terms of alert, submarines were divided into three lines. The first included fully combat-ready submarines, i.e., without interruption in combat training, with the exception of the winter period. Although, starting from 1940, the training was carried out throughout the year without dividing into summer and winter periods, the seasonality in its conduct remained. The second line included submarines under repair or having a significant change of personnel. The third line included submarines, newly built and recently commissioned. By the beginning of the war, the Red Banner Baltic Fleet consisted only of 4 first-line submarines. ("M-78", "M-79", "M-96" and "M-97"). The rest of the submarines were in the second line (26 units) and were considered relatively combat-ready, were listed on the orgperiod (11 units), or "out of line", i.e. under repair.

It should be noted that the enemy at that time did not conduct active hostilities in the Baltic. It was believed that there is no need. The main emphasis was placed on the seizure of bases by land forces.

1941 year
At the first stage of the invasion, the Germans ceased their navigation on the Baltic Sea, but after three weeks, by July 12 they restored it in full. So there was no shortage of goals. The actual outcome of the actions of the Soviet submarines in the Baltic in June-July 1941 of the year were the sentences of the military tribunals for the execution of the commanders of the C-8 and Shch-308. The 1 Brigade was practically crushed, losing 1941 13 submarines from 24 from its composition by the beginning of the war by September.

The front was rapidly rolling east. The situation at the theater developed so rapidly that the boat commanders, going to sea, did not know which base they would have to return to. In late August, Soviet troops left the Main Fleet Base Tallinn, and in September the Germans were already at Leningrad. The fleet was again locked in the "Marquise Puddle". Taking into account the current situation, the Red Banner Baltic Fleet command took measures to transfer part of the submarines to other theaters. The construction of the “little ones” of the XV series (“M-200”, “M-201”, “M-202”, “M-203”, “M-204”, “M-205” and “M-206”) were on inland waterways transferred to Astrakhan, where by the end of the war three of them managed to be completed. Unfinished C-19, C-20, C-21 and experimental M-401 were also relocated to the Caspian Sea. In Molotovsk (now Severodvinsk) the high-availability “L-20” and “L-22” were transferred for completion.



The latest K-22, K-3, C-101 and C-102 were sent to the North. During the initial period of the war, the last three managed to make one battle march on the Baltic.

The actual result of the combat operations of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet subunits for 1941 is the death of one vehicle with a displacement of 3.784 brt and the U-144 submarine in 26 torpedo attacks. The results of the three attacks are unknown. On mines exposed by Soviet submarines in 1941, the 1 minesweeper and 3 vehicles (1.816 brt) may have died. Artillery damaged 1 ship.

1942 year
The main islands of the Gogland reach were in the hands of the enemy. This allowed the Germans and Finns to block access to Soviet submarines in the Baltic Sea. In preparation for the 1942 summer campaign of the year, the enemy established observation posts, radio direction finding and hydroacoustic stations on the islands. 9 May, the Germans began laying mines in the Gulf of Finland. Old barriers were renewed and strengthened, new ones were installed. The most extensive and numerous of them were Nashorn (between Porkkala-Udd and Niceaar Island, total 1.915 mines) and Seeigel (east of Gogland, total 5.779 mines, 1.450 mine defenders, 200 demolition checkers). In total in the spring - in the summer of 1942, the Germans in the Gulf of Finland exhibited 12.873 mines. Together with the mines that were exhibited last year, their number in the Gulf of Finland exceeded 21 thousand. Directly at the barriers were deployed more than a hundred different ships and boats. Thus, the antisubmarine line was formed with a depth of more than 150 miles.

Despite this, the results of the actions of our submariners were more significant.



According to the data confirmed after the war, 15 ships (32.415 brt) torpedoes, 2 (2.061 brt) artillery, 5 transports (10.907 brt) were sunk on mines. Total 22 ship (45.383 brt). The losses of the Germans and their allies on the Baltic in 1942 amounted to less than 1% of the turnover. The result seemed insignificant, but it exceeds the 41 result of the year. Plus forced the Germans and Finns to attract significant resources to accompany ships and fight with our submarines.

1943 year
The active actions of the Soviet submarines in the Baltic in 1942, forced the enemy to take measures to prevent the breakthrough of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet submarines on the communications of supplying strategic materials and raw materials. To this end, it was decided to reliably close the exit from the Gulf of Finland with network barriers, although the network procurement was expensive. In addition, the Germans and Finns significantly strengthened the forces of the PLO, expanded and refurbished minefields.

28 March, as soon as the ice melted in the western part of the Gulf of Finland, the installation of networks began. During April - May, one and a half hundred German and Finnish ships and boats engaged in the equipment of the anti-submarine barrier. At the same time mine setups were made. To protect the network from damage during storms, its height did not reach the bottom, but in order to prevent submarines from passing between the ground and the network, it was planned to install bottom mines. By 9, anti-submarine equipment was completed in May. In addition to networks, the enemy set apart from the already existing, 9834 mines and 11244 mine defenders. Submarines began to die one after another. It is indicative of the utter inaction of the command of the Baltic Fleet, which made absolutely no effort to disrupt the laying of mine and network obstacles.



In connection with the death of five trained crews, the Red Banner Baltic Fleet command finally decided to refrain from further sending submarines into the sea. The only exceptions were the “babies” who made several trips with the task of conducting reconnaissance and disembarking reconnaissance groups on the islands of Gogland and Bolshoy Tyuters. Two "babies" were transferred to Lake Ladoga, where they also mainly engaged in reconnaissance and landing reconnaissance groups on the territory of the enemy. For the entire 1943 campaign of the year, the Red Banner Baltic Fleet submarines conducted only two torpedo attacks, which proved to be ineffective.

1944 and 1945 years
The entire first half of 1944, the Red Banner Baltic Fleet submarines conducted combat training and repair. The Gulf of Finland was blocked by networks, therefore, considering the experience of the previous year, there was no question of trying to force the anti-submarine line. The exception was five submarines that operated on Lake Ladoga. In late June, they made several trips in the interests of the troops of the Karelian Front.

The situation changed dramatically in early September, when Finland withdrew from the war. Although the M-96 sent to reconnoitre the state of the enemy PLO in Narva Bay, was probably missing by a mine at the Seeigel bar, very soon, with the formal consent of the Finnish authorities, the Red Banner Baltic Fleet submarines were able to go into the open part of the Baltic. Transitions were carried out on Finnish skerry fairways with the participation of Finnish pilots. A naval base was deployed in Porkkala Udd. Soviet submarines began to be based in Hanko, Helsinki and Turku. 22 September 1944, the Red Army liberated the capital of Estonia. German anti-submarine line lost its value. 26 September Sweden stopped supplying Germany with iron ore, depriving the Reich of the necessary strategic raw materials.



Modern calculations of sunk enemy ships look like this: in 1944, the Baltic submariners sunk 16 transports (35.580 brt), 1 ship and 1 auxiliary ship, in 1945 year - 10 transport ships (59.410 brt) and 4 ship.

Bottom line: during the fighting, the Baltic submariners sank 52 vehicles and 8 ships (142 189 brt).

Our losses amounted to 46 boats. The statistics are as follows:
Killed by mines - 18
Destroyed by enemy ships - 5
Torpedoed by enemy boats - 5
Blasted by their crews - 6
Destroyed aviation - 1
Destroyed by shelling from sushi - 1
Missing - 10 (most likely, the reason - mines).

23.06.1941. "M-78" (commander senior lieutenant DL Shevchenko). During the transition from Libava to Ust-Dvinsk in a pair with “M-77” near Vindava, it was torpedoed in the area at the coordinates of 57 ° 28 's; 21 ° 17 'E German submarine "U-144" (commander captain-lieutenant Gerdt von Mittelstadt). Killed 16 people (the entire crew), including the commander of the 4 Division Submarine Lieutenant Commander S.I. Matveev. In 1999, a joint Latvian-Swedish expedition was found at a depth of 60 m.
Battle campaigns did not make.

23.06.1941. "M-71" (commander, captain-lieutenant L.N. Kostylev). Was under repair at the plant "Tosmare" in Libau. Blasted by the crew because of the danger of capture by the enemy.
Almost all the personnel of the submarine went missing in the battles for Libau.
Battle campaigns did not make.

23.06.1941. "M-80" (commander captain-lieutenant F.А.Mochalov). Was under repair at the plant "Tosmare" in Libau. Blasted by the crew because of the danger of capture by the enemy.
Battle campaigns did not make.

23.06.1941. "С-1" (commander captain-lieutenant I.T. Morskoy). Was under repair at the plant "Tosmare" in Libau. Blasted by the crew because of the danger of capture by the enemy. The crew led by the commander left the city on the submarine "C-3".
Battle campaigns did not make.



23.06.1941. "Ronis" (commander captain-lieutenant A.I.Madisson). Was under repair at the plant "Tosmare" in Libau. Blasted by the crew because of the danger of capture by the enemy.
Battle campaigns did not make.



23.06.1941. "Spidola" (commander senior lieutenant V.I.Boytsov). Was under repair at the plant "Tosmare" in Libau. Blasted by the crew because of the threat of capture by the enemy.
Battle campaigns did not make.



24.06.1941. "С-3" (commander captain-lieutenant N.А. Kostromichev). About 23 23 June watches are not finished repair and not being able to dive out of Libau. The crew of the submarine "C-1" (40 people) headed by the commander and workers of the Tosmare plant (about 20 people) were taken on board the boat. Around the next morning, 6 was intercepted by the S-35 and S-60 toped-off boats and was sunk after an hour and a half of artillery fighting. According to the enemy, three prisoners were taken, (some sources say about the capture of 9 people). The boat commander captain-lieutenant Kostromichev’s body was nailed to the island of Saarem, where it was buried.
X-NUMX crew member C-42, 3 crew-man C-40 and an unidentified number of workers, representatives of Leningrad enterprises sent to the Tosmar shipyard were killed.
Battle campaigns did not make.

25.06.1941. "M-83" (commander, senior lieutenant P.M. Shalaev). Since June 22 the boat was in the base patrol at Libau. 25 June as a result of an attack by the aviation suffered damage to the periscope and was forced to return to the base when street battles were already taking place in Libava. After being damaged for the second time and unable to leave, she took an artillery battle, and at the end of the ammunition she was blown up by the crew. In the battles for Libau, virtually the entire crew (the exception being the 4 man) submarines headed by the commander died, went missing or were captured.
1 combat campaign.
22.06.1941. - 25.06.1941.
In the attack did not go.

27.06.1941. "M-99" (Commander Senior Lieutenant B.M. Popov). Torpedoed on the Uto Island Island at 59 ° 20 'N / 21 ° 12' E German submarine "U-149" (commander captain-lieutenant Horst Hötring). Killed 20 people (the entire crew).
Xnumx marching hike.
22.06.1941 – 23.06.1941
24.06.1941 - +
In the torpedo attack did not go.

29.06.1941. “С-10” (commander captain 3 of rank B.К. Bakunin). Gone missing. 23 Jun came to the position to Pillau. 25 June in the bay of Danzig the boat was attacked by the attacks of the enemy PLO forces. 28 Jun reported that she could not dive and pursued by boats going to Libau. The next morning, a message was received from C-10 - “I am suffering a disaster. I need immediate help. ” No more contact. Probably died as a result of the damage inflicted by the enemy's PLO forces, or an explosion on a mine, since the 29 battle of June was not recorded according to German data. Killed 41 people.
Died in the first combat campaign.

01.07.1941. "M-81" (commander captain-lieutenant F.A. Zubkov). When traveling with a detachment of ships in the wake of the floating base "Irtysh" from Kuivaste to Paldiski, it was blown up by a mine in the area of ​​the Leina bank in the Mukhuviayn Strait. Killed 12 crew members, 3 man rescued. Raised in 1965 year. The crew is buried in Riga.
Made one combat trip. In the attack did not go.

21.07.1941. "M-94" (Commander Senior Lieutenant N.V. Diakov). Torpedoed by the German U-140 Submarine (Commander Lieutenant Commander Hans Jürgen Heyrigel) in the Soel Väin Strait south of Ristn Lighthouse. The torpedo hit the stern of the boat, and since the depth at the place of death did not exceed 20 meters, the M-94 sank the stern with a trim of 60 ° so that the nose of the boat on the 3-4 meter remained on the surface and remained in this position for about two hours . Walking in a pair of "M-98" removed from the bow of the three people, including the commander, another eight managed to leave the boat through the hatch. Killed 8 people. In some sources, the “M-94” attack is attributed to “U-149”.
Xnumx marching hike.
25.06.1941 – 29.06.1941.
21.07.1941 - +
In the torpedo attack did not go.

02.08.1941. "С-11" (commander captain-lieutenant A.M. Sereda). On returning from a hike, she exploded on a magnetic bottom mine in Soel Väin Strait. Killed 46 crew members. Three people managed to get out of the boat through the torpedo tube. Raised in 1957 year. The remains of a crew part are buried in Riga.
Died in the first combat campaign.

end of xnumx. "С-08.1941" (commander captain-lieutenant N.N.Kulygin). Gone missing. May have been killed by a mine in the Gulf of Finland or sunk by 6 August 30 aircraft in the Tagalakht bay (off the west coast of the island of Saarem). Killed 1941 people. In July, 48 was found on the ground.
Xnumx marching hike
23.06.1941 – 14.07.1941.
02.08.1941 - +
In the attack did not go.

28.08.1941. "Shch-301" ("Pike") (commander captain-lieutenant I.V. Grachev). It was blown up by a mine at a breakthrough from Tallinn to Kronstadt in the vicinity of Cape Juminda. Sank after removing part of the crew. Mines are exposed by the submarine Vesikhisi or by minelayers Riilakhti and Ruotsinsalmi, according to the Soviet side, it was blown up by a floating mine. Total crew loss - 34 person.
1 combat campaign.
10.08.1941 - 28.08.1941
3 unsuccessful torpedo attack.

28.08.1941. "С-5" (commander captain 3 of rank A. А. Baschenko). It was blown up by a mine at a breakthrough from Tallinn to Kronstadt in the vicinity of Waindlo Island when traveling as a part of a detachment of main forces. Rescued 9 (according to other data 5 or 10) people, including the commander of the 1-th Brigade PL CBF NG Egypt. The crew member 33 died on the submarine, and part of the headquarters of the 1 th brigade of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet submarine.
Xnumx marching hike
24.06.1941 – 10.07.1941
06.08.1941 – 24.08.1941
1 unsuccessful torpedo attack.

25-28.08.1941. "M-103" (commander senior lieutenant G.A. Zhavoronkov). Died on a mine in 8 miles north of Vormsi Island with the whole crew (20 people). In the 1999 year found at the bottom.
Xnumx marching hike
08.07.1941 – 20.07.1941
13.08.1941 - +
In the torpedo attack did not go.

09-10.09.1941. "П-1" ("Truth"), (commander captain-lieutenant I.А.Laginov). Died on a mine in 6,2 miles south of the Kalbodagrund lighthouse. Killed 55 people.
Died in the first combat campaign.



end of xnumx. "U-09.1941" (commander captain-lieutenant N.S. Agashin). Gone missing. September 319 launched a combat campaign against Libava, but did not report a breakthrough to the Baltic. Killed 19 people.
Died in the first combat campaign.

23.09.1941. "M-74" (at the time of death was preserved). It was sunk by a German air raid at the exit from the middle harbor of Kronstadt. In 1942, the year was lifted and deposited, but 2 December 1944 was sent for disassembly.
Battle campaigns did not commit.

10.1941. "С-8" (commander captain-lieutenant I.Ya. Braun). Died on the mine "Wartburg" in 10 miles southeast of the lighthouse Nesby (the southern tip of the island of Öland). Killed 49 people. Found in July 1999, in a location with coordinates: 56 ° 10,7 'N; 16 ° 39,8 'N
Xnumx marching hike.
15.07.1941 – 06.08.1941
11.10.1941 - +
In the torpedo attack did not go.

12.10.1941. "U-322" (commander captain-lieutenant V.A. Yermilov). She died on a mine west of the island of Gogland in the Gulf of Finland. Killed 37 people.
Xnumx marching hike.
13.07.1941 – 03.08.1941
11.10.1941 - +
No wins.

30.10.1941-01.11.1941. "Kalev" (commander captain-lieutenant B.A.Nyrov). Gone missing. October 29 launched a combat campaign with the task of disembarking a reconnaissance group in the Tallinn area and setting up a minefield. No more contact. Killed 56 people.
Xnumx marching hike
08.08.1941 – 21.08.1941
29.10.1941 - +
1 ineffective mine setting (10 min).



09.11.1941. "L-1" ("Leninets"), (commander captain 3 rank SSMogilevsky). Was under repair. Stood on the Neva in Leningrad. Damaged during shelling and sank from damage in a sturdy housing. In the year 1944 raised and scrapped.
Battle campaigns did not commit.

06-10.11.1941. "Shch-324" (commander captain-lieutenant G.I.Tarkhnishvili). Gone missing. Probably died on a mine in the western part of the Gulf of Finland. Killed 39 people.
2 marching campaign:
24.07.1941 – 12.08.1941.
02.11.1941 - +



14.11.1941. "L-2" ("Stalinets") (commander captain-lieutenant A. P. Cheban). Followed by mine set in the fourth convoy on Hanko. It was blown up by a mine near Keri Island in the Gulf of Finland. Killed 50, saved 3 man.
Died in the first combat campaign.

14.11.1941. "M-98" (commander captain-lieutenant I.I.Bezubikov). She was killed by a mine near Keri Island in the Gulf of Finland, while being guarded by the fourth convoy on Hanko. Killed 18 people.
Xnumx marching hike.
In the torpedo attack did not go.

13.06.1942. "U-405" (commander captain 3 of rank I.V. Grachev). It was blown up by a mine in the area of ​​Seskar Island during the transition from Kronstadt to Lavensaari on the surface, or died as a result of an accident. Killed 36 people.
Xnumx marching hike.
21.07.1941 – 15.08.1941
11.06.1942 - +
In the torpedo attack did not go.

15.06.1942. "M-95" (commander captain-lieutenant L.P. Fedorov). She was blown up by a mine and died near the island of Suursari. Killed 20 people.
Xnumx marching hike.
1 erroneous torpedo attack (released 2 torpedoes).

12.07.1942. "Shch-317" (commander captain-lieutenant N.K. Mokhov). Sunk by depth charges of the Swedish destroyer Stockholm north of Öland. Found on the ground point with coordinates 57 ° 52 'N / 16 ° 55' E in 1999 year. Killed 42 man.
Xnumx marching hike
27.09.1941 – 16.10.1941
09.06.1942 - +

3 transport sunk (5.878 brt), 1 transport (2.405 brt) is damaged. The 1 ship may have died as a result of an accidental collision with a submarine. In some sources, the total tonnage of the four transports is 6.080 brt. According to the official data of the Soviet side, on the account “Sh-317” five destroyed ships with a total displacement in 10.931 or 10.997 brt.

16.06.1942 TR "Argo" (2.513 brt).
22.06.1942 TR "Ada Gorton" (2.399 brt).
08.07.1942 TR Otto Cords (966 brt).

02-11.09.1942. "M-97" (commander captain-lieutenant N.V.Dyakov). It was blown up on a mine of the Nashorn barrier south-west of Porkkalan-Kallboda. The entire crew (20 people) died. In 1997, it was found on the ground at coordinates 59 ° 50 'N / 24 ° 30' E
5 Р ± РѕРµРІС ‹С… РїРѕС… РѕРґРѕРІ
2 produced unsuccessful torpedo attacks with the release of 2 torpedoes.

03-06.10.1942. "U-320" (commander captain 3 rank I.M. Vishnevsky). Gone missing. Killed 40 people.
Xnumx marching hike
4 torpedo attacks (released 7 torpedoes). 1 TH sunk (677 brt) sunk

05.07.1942. TN "Anna Catherine Fritzen" (677 brt).

According to the official data of the Soviet side, Щ-320 ’, the enemy’s 3 was sunk by a total displacement of 22.000 tons.

11-13.10.1942. "Shch-302" ("Okun"), (commander captain-lieutenant V.D.Nechkin). It was blown up by a mine of the Seeigel barrage north of the island of Suur Tutrsaari. Killed 37 people.
1 combat campaign.
10.10.1942 - +
No wins.

12-14.10.1942. "Shch-311" ("Kumzha"), (commander captain 3 of the rank of AS Pudyakov). Mina barrage "Nashorn-11". Killed 40 people.
Xnumx marching hike.
Four consecutive torpedo attacks (5 torpedoes released). One artillery attack (20 45-mm shells launched). 1 transport allegedly damaged.

21.10.1942. C-7 (commander captain 3, rank S.P. Lisin) was torpedoed by the Veshihiisi submarine (commander captain-lieutenant O. Aytola) in 10-15 miles north of Soderarm lighthouse in the Aland Sea. Killed 42, saved 4 man, including the commander. In 1993, found at the point with coordinates 59 ° 50,7 'N / 19 ° 32,2' E and surveyed at depths of 30-40 by Swedish divers.
5 Р ± РѕРµРІС ‹С… РїРѕС… РѕРґРѕРІ.
4 ship sunk (9.164 brt), damaged 1 transport (1.938 brt)

09.07.1942 TR Margareta (1.272 brt)
14.07.1942 TR “Lulea” (5.611 brt)
30.07.1942 TR Kathe (1.559 brt)
05.08.1942 TR "Pohjanlahti" (682 brt)
27.07.1942 TR Ellen Larsen (1.938 brt) is damaged.



10.1942. “U-308” (“Salmon”), (commander captain 3 of the rank L.N. Kostylev). Gone missing. The entire crew of the boat (40 people) died.
Xnumx marching hike
21.07.1941 – 09.08.1941
18.09.1942 - +
3-4 unsuccessful torpedo attack.



after xnumx. “U-29.10.1942” (“Komsomolets”), (commander captain 304 of the rank of Y. P. Afanasyev). She died on the mine mine "Nashorn" with the whole crew (3 people).
Xnumx marching hike.
09.06.1942 - 30.06.1942
27.10.1942 - +
At a minimum, 2 unsuccessful torpedo attacks (3 torpedoes launched)



05.11.1942. "U-305" ("Lin"), (commander captain 3 rank DM Sazonov). The ram of the Finnish submarine "Vetehinen" (commander captain-lieutenant O. Leiko) northeast of Simpnas in the Aland Sea Killed 39 people.
25.06.1941. - 07.07.1941.
17.10.1942. - +
Did not attack.



12-16.11.1942. "Shch-306" ("Haddock"), (commander captain-lieutenant N.I. Smolar). Gone missing. Killed 39 people (the entire crew).
Xnumx marching hike
25.06.1941 – 07.07.1941
20.10.1941 - +
From 2 to 5 torpedo attacks.
There is no reliable data on the results.

01.05.1943. "U-323" (commander captain 2 rank AG Andronov). It was blown up on a ground mine in the Sea Channel of Leningrad. Killed 39, saved 5 people. In the year 1944 raised and scrapped.
Xnumx marching hike
13.07.1941 – 04.08.1941
10.10.1941 – 10.11.1941
7 torpedo attacks with the release of 8 torpedoes.
16.10.1941. PB Baltenland (3.724 brt).
Maybe the U-323 torpedoes also hit 1-3 targets (October 30 attacks, 3 5 attacks in November 1941).



23.05.1943. "U-408" (commander captain-lieutenant P.S. Kuzmin). After a long pursuit, they were sunk by a group of Finnish ships, including the minelayers Riilahti and Ruotsinsalmi and aircraft in the area of ​​the Vayndlo lighthouse. According to the official Soviet version, she was forced to emerge and engage in artillery combat with five German patrol boats. (40 people died).
Died in the first combat campaign.

01.06.1943. "U-406" (commander captain 3 rank E. A. Osipov). Gone missing. Killed 40 people.
Xnumx marching hike.
Held 12 torpedo attacks with the release of 18 torpedoes.
According to confirmed data, the vessel sank 2 (3.855 brt), 1 vessel (545 brt) damaged. The results of 3 attacks need confirmation.

07.07.1942 result is unknown.
08.07.1942 PMSH "Fides" (545 brt) - damaged.
25.07.1942 result is unknown.
26.10.1942 result is unknown.
29.10.1942 TR "Bengt Sture" (872 brt)
01.11.1942 TR "Agness" (2.983 brt)

after xnumx. "С-01.08.1943" (commander captain 12 of rank A. А. Baschenko). Gone missing. Killed 3 people.
Xnumx marching hike
19.09.1942 – 18.11.1942
21.07.1943 - +
Damaged 2 transport (12.859 brt)
21.10.1942 TR "Sabine Hovald" (5.956 brt) - damaged.
27.10.1942 TR Malgash (6.903 brt) - damaged.

after xnumx. "С-12.08.1943" (commander captain 9 of rank A.I. Mylnikov). Gone missing. Killed 3 people.
5 Р ± РѕРµРІС ‹С… РїРѕС… РѕРґРѕРІ
Result: 2 ship damaged (7.837 brt)
18.09.1942 TN "Mittelmeer" (6.370 brt) - damaged.
28.09.1942 TR "Hörnum" (1.467 brt) - damaged

07-09.09.1944. "M-96" (commander captain-lieutenant N.I. Kartashev). Gone missing. Killed 22 man.
7 Р ± РѕРµРІС ‹С… РїРѕС… РѕРґРѕРІ
1 unsuccessful torpedo attack with the release of 1 torpedoes.

04.01.1945. C-4 (Commander Captain 3 Rank A.A. Klyushkin). Most likely, she died with the entire crew (49 people) as a result of an accidental collision with the destroyer T-3 at the point 51 ° 56 'N / 19 ° 39' E or rammed by the German destroyer "T-33" at the Brewsterort lighthouse in Danzig Bay 6 in January.
Xnumx hikes.
Performed at least 9 torpedo attacks (released 19 torpedoes), with the result that sunk:
10.08.1941 TN "Kaya" (3.223 brt) - presumably
12.10.1944 RT "Taunus" (218 brt) or TSH «M-3619»
13.10.1944 TN "Terra" (1.533 brt)
20.10.1944 RT Zolling (260 brt) - presumably.



Eternal memory to Soviet submariners!

And I will return to the command of the fleet. Because if the fleet were at the head of the fleet, the losses could have been immeasurably less, and the results would be higher. And until the 1945, the Germans from Sweden would not have been carrying ore, providing themselves with metal. But it is a bit later.
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30 comments
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  1. +3
    3 December 2012 08: 11
    In difficult conditions, the submariners did everything they could. Everlasting memory!!!
    1. +1
      3 December 2012 23: 10
      Glory to the submariners!
      But the article is a complete super minus!
      My comments are below.
      Even a child during the Soviet era knew the names of Travkin and Marinesko. Grishchenko and Konovalov from the L-3 also knew everything (the second most effective boat, after the C-13, in the entire Baltic Fleet / including the kingsmarine - tobisch of German submariners /). There was a "Book of Future Admirals" ed. Young guard.
      It would not hurt the author to read it first, but at the same time to visit the Museum of the Submarine Fleet in St. Petersburg (veterans-submariners have one).
      1. 0
        4 December 2012 14: 03
        Quote: LiSSyara
        There was a "Book of Future Admirals" ed. Young guard.

        I have this book. As well as the "book of future commanders" by A. Mityaev.
        Excuse me, of course, but there is a stamp "For primary school age". I kind of grew out of him. And I do not take everything that was presented to us during the Soviet era on faith. But he also did not seem to be noticed in pouring mud.
  2. Vito
    +1
    3 December 2012 09: 23
    Dear author Skomorokhov Roman! Good morning to you!
    Thank you so much for this material about the heroic past of our submarine warriors!
    Dashing time fell on their lot. We will remember them, the eternal memory of the fallen!
    Long life survivors!
    Thank you Sailors of the Baltic for your hard work!
  3. +2
    3 December 2012 09: 49
    Interesting material!)) I have been interested in the subject of submarines for a long time
    Today, after more than two years of working on the add-on, we are starting open beta testing. Soviet Fairway is a free large-scale expansion for the game Silent Hunter IV.
    The player will take over the command of a Soviet submarine during the Second World War, and fight with the naval forces of Germany and its allies in the waters of the Baltic, North and Black Sea.

    http://www.sukhoi.ru/forum/showthread.php?t=76423&s=952c23454ecde6f81d996af6dffc
    a4fe

    and then we have long been outlined such a nasty tendency to heroize everything German
    1. 0
      3 December 2012 10: 58
      Because if the fleet leaders were at the head of the fleet, the losses could be immeasurably less, and the effectiveness higher.


      And please tell me, dear author, you do not consider Admiral Tributs to be a naval commander?
      1. vyatom
        -3
        3 December 2012 14: 52
        I personally do not think so. A huge number of failures and a very low result indicates a low level of command in the Baltic.
        It was necessary to take an example from Admiral Golovko. Both the fleet and the army competently acted on the Kola Peninsula.
        It was necessary at the time to remove all these boats from the Baltic to the North, where they were actually needed. There was a complete failure near Leningrad, because of which the near-minded commissars led everything: Zhdanov, Voroshilov and others like them.
        1. +1
          3 December 2012 15: 35
          Quote: vyatom
          I personally do not think so.

          Let me ask you: where, who did you serve and your level of education? Voroshilov has never been a commissar, and Zhdanov, by the way, has never been. This is the first thing. Secondly, a low result is compared to what? It is necessary to study and objectively analyze the mass of initial data: the qualitative and quantitative correlation of the forces of the parties at different stages and in different regions; completeness of information required for making a decision (here reconnaissance, "desecration" of the enemy, etc.); the time required to orient the headquarters and forces about the task ahead; time to prepare for execution; BG degree, staffing level, tech. condition, etc .; support (combat, logistic, engineering, medical); having interacting forces with the same problems and more! It is easy to sit in a chair in peacetime to assess the activities of people who acted in conditions of uncertainty, severe time pressure and lack of everything and everyone! In addition, those people (the BF command) were certainly smarter and more experienced than you, you can be sure!
    2. Vito
      0
      3 December 2012 11: 29
      ser86Good day to you. hi
      It's high time, if only "HUMAN WATER" would equalize in our favor, otherwise our cruisers and destroyers are too helpless at close range!
      1. 0
        3 December 2012 18: 23
        Quote: Colonel
        And please tell me, dear author, you do not consider Admiral Tributs to be a naval commander?


        For me personally, this is a difficult question. Personal opinion is one thing; objective opinion is another.

        If you are interested in my personal opinion - I do not think so. In general, the more I diligently study history, the greater the role of our Navy looks like dancers in the ground forces. There were no ships? There were. There were no people on them? There were. What could interfere? Only the lack of leadership. proper.
        Regarding the BF - with such forces as were available, the Germans could not just be asked not to put mines, but left there. But they did not even rock the boat. And sat until 44 in the bay, instead of doing business.
        But again, this is my personal opinion of the worm at the computer.

        If you look objectively, I don’t know, my education is not enough to assess it correctly. But nevertheless, the level of training of the higher staff, it seems to me, was not at the “world level”. At least, I cannot recall a single successful large naval operation, with the use of large forces.

        And I can’t judge.
        1. +2
          3 December 2012 19: 02
          No, Roman ..
          here I do not agree.
          The fleet that we had before the war. and during the ocean did not pull.
          His destiny was - just coastal naval operations. Convoys - in the North.
          Preparation, for those capable of solving problems, for problems to be solved - was at the level.
          At the level of pre-war representations.
          The fleet met the beginning of the war with dignity, without loss. Kuznetsov has a deep bow here.
          Start the Union war as it was painted by Suvorov - so the fleet would be an attacker.
          And without a forward-looking naval base, who are we? Caboters, our mother.
          So it happened.
          The bases surrendered. It’s difficult, with battles, with losses ... but merged. In the Baltic.
          They trawled at the Black Sea Fleet until Pz-III / iV arrived - to see what we are doing there.
          But walking through the entire Black Sea ... shooting along Constanta ... is not serious.
          ...
          I had to fight at least those that could go to sea - submarine.
          So the poor fellows drove them through the minefields.
          Imagine ... breaking through there, completing a task ... and breaking through then back .... tired, deafened by bombing, swollen from dampness and tightness, from a lack of oxygen.
          ...
          Command ... all drugs ... did what he could. On the sea.
          And on land - the "black death" proved that the navy, naval ones, should be feared.
          ...
          Even so.
          I did not touch on the issue of the Navy Air Force. These friends fought - give way. The first bombing of Berlin - a regiment of distant bombers of naval aviation KBF. Like this.
          1. 0
            3 December 2012 23: 04
            I did not use the word "ocean". I meant major operations. For instance:
            1. Disruption of mine installations and (especially) network barriers.
            2. Blockade of Swedish ore supplies to Germany.
            So. to a minimum. If we had a fleet in the Baltic like the Pacific or the North, so there would be no words. But the fleet was very ...

            Quote: Igarr
            And on land - the "black death" proved that the navy, naval ones, should be feared.


            Yes, they have. But whether it was advisable to do this - oh, the question. To kill a mine or hold specialist in an infantry attack is a matter of one second. To learn is not one month.

            Quote: Igarr
            I did not touch on the issue of the Navy Air Force. These friends fought - give way.


            Well, to be honest, I found it worthy of a separate topic. So that...
            1. 0
              4 December 2012 08: 00
              As for ... the ocean ... this is not a rebuke.
              But the disruption of the productions ... yes.
              Essen, before the First World War, allowed Kolchak to make mine installations - and the fleet behind the mine cordon fought much more "fun".
              Not set - not fate.
              And in the North .... well, the icebreaker "Sibiryakov". Song!
              Dry cargo ship "Bolshevik" - a song!
              Here is the "choral" singing of the fleet - it was not so hot. Again one divers ahead.
              ...
              Waiting, waiting ... "a separate topic"
        2. +1
          4 December 2012 09: 20
          Quote: Banshee
          At least not one successful large naval operation, with the use of large forces, I can not remember.


          That's right, Roman, you can’t remember because there weren’t any (operations)! In the Baltic, our BF not only did not conduct operations, but did not even conduct systematic databases. There were epieodic exits to the sea with specific local tasks of a tactical level. And why?. Firstly, significant forces of the Baltic Fleet, including aviation, were destroyed in the early days of the war. Secondly, and this is the main thing - the main events deciding the outcome of both the 1941 summer campaign of the year and subsequently unfolded on the continental theater! Almost all of the naval artillery was removed and installed on land for the defense of Leningrad, almost all of the marine corps fought there. The Germans did not conduct any active operations in the Baltic, KUG and especially KON and DESO did not enter the central and especially the eastern part of the sea. And, therefore, the forces of the Baltic Fleet were not assigned to the forces of the Baltic Fleet by the Supreme Civil Code and the Navy of the Navy! And those tasks that were set were solved quite adequately to the level of BG, the composition of forces and means, the degree of support, etc. By the way, if you are seriously interested in military history, you can contact the Department of Tactics of the Navy Naval Academy (Navy) in St. Petersburg. There are serious works and fundamental research in this area. In particular, look for work cap. 1 rank of Dotsenko. Although there are claims from respected scientists: http://sistematima.narod.ru/Texts/AboutRJW/Dotchenko_doclad1.htm Very interesting and useful!
          1. 0
            4 December 2012 14: 10
            Quote: Colonel
            significant forces of the Baltic Fleet, including aviation, were destroyed in the early days of the war.


            I disagree. There is enough left to hold the "fire shield", right?

            I read Dotsenko, the attitude ... is ambiguous. Shouting "Not so it was all" does not pull, but there remains some kind of sediment or something ... Many doubts.
  4. Brother Sarych
    +1
    3 December 2012 12: 53
    In my opinion, the author did a great job of summarizing information about the actions of Soviet submariners! Not an expert in this, but a very serious approach is felt ...
    I read with great interest ...
    1. +1
      3 December 2012 14: 44
      to the author +. and the loss? This is a war, and something still had to be done.
    2. 0
      3 December 2012 23: 05
      Brother Sarych,
      And I oppose!
      Comment below.
      Marinesco completely fell out of order.
      Where is the L-3? Second by results after C-13 in the Baltic?
      DO YOU HISTORY OF THE NAVY AT LEAST A FEW READS, DEAR AUTHOR?
      1. Brother Sarych
        0
        4 December 2012 00: 33
        I took these articles more likely as a requiem for the dead, so Marinesco seems to have nothing to mention here ...
  5. +2
    3 December 2012 13: 26
    Thanks, Roman ..
    150 miles of anti-submarine line. 270 km on land.
    Networks.
    They go at a depth ... and then on the left there is a rattle of chains along the body, then on the right.
    And the explosion is always sudden.
    And it’s good, if it’s so "lucky" - that immediately covered.
    And not like in "74 meters".
    ...
    "To the madness of the brave we sing a song."
    1. +1
      3 December 2012 23: 42
      During the Great Patriotic War, the Baltic was simply called "Soup with dumplings ..."
      And these "dumplings" are still caught there.
  6. +1
    3 December 2012 14: 59
    + author for work
  7. +3
    3 December 2012 21: 38
    Now the Tosmare plant is at the bottom, I know, because I live from it at a distance of 220 meters. And when the USSR was called SRZ-29, there was a colossus, and now the Hans stole everything, although they slowly began to run in to repair ships, now there are a couple of boards from Kyonik near the wall! Glory to the Baltic Fleet, Hurray !!!! fellow
  8. rocketman
    +1
    3 December 2012 22: 29
    Quote: Colonel
    Easy to sit in an armchair in peacetime to evaluate the activities of people acting in conditions of uncertainty, severe time pressure and lack of everything and everything!

    easy of course.
    But ... Germany entered the war, having only 39 submarines of various classes, but thanks to high combat training, advanced tactics of action, it practically brought England to its knees, and if it were not for the lousy quality of German torpedoes (the torpedo had poor depth), Germany would have to go 1941 had strategic superiority at sea.
    in the Soviet Union there were definitely more than 250 boats, even of different sizes, but they were. And they used them one by one, like spread fingers. The result is appropriate. and you can find many justifiable reasons, but it's all good when you write memoirs.
    and submariners are all heroes, the eternal memory of the dead!
  9. 0
    3 December 2012 22: 58
    The article is no longer neutral.
    And where is the mention of Pike-303 and the legendary Travkin? One of the most productive boats!
    C-13 and Marinesco?
    The impression that it was rewritten from the English textbook on navigation.
    I bet -
    1. +1
      3 December 2012 23: 08
      I'm afraid I will disappoint you.
      SH-303 made 5 combat campaigns.
      04.07.1942 – 09.08.1942
      01.10.1942 – 13.11.1942
      06.05.1943 – 08.06.1943
      17.12.1944 – 04.01.1945
      24.02.1945 – 25.03.1945

      Fired 9 torpedo attacks with the release of 20 torpedoes.
      20.07.1942 damaged TR Aldebaran (7 891 gross).
      It has no officially confirmed victories.

      K-52 commanded by Travkina
      3 marching campaign:
      09.11.1944. - 27.11.1944
      15.02.1945. - 11.03.1945
      17.04.1945. - 30.04.1945

      Results:
      13 torpedo attacks (released 36 torpedoes). According to the commander’s reports, 7 transports were sunk with a total displacement of 47.000 brt and 1 patrol ship.
      Not a single victory has been confirmed by the adversary.
  10. +1
    3 December 2012 23: 24
    And he got GSS just like that ...
    Roman, do you have data from which sources?
    And about S-13 and L-3 can your data?
    I just have a very large archive (from my great-grandfather to father, they were all submariners).
    And by the way, it is no secret that during the Second World War there were 2 strongest schools of submarine swimming - this is ours and the Germans. Japan, USA and England just relax.
    Moreover, the Germans learned many things from us, and we from them.
    1. Brother Sarych
      0
      4 December 2012 00: 37
      Well, why offend the British, Japanese and Americans? They were also very strong submariners - the British, if memory serves, achieved great success as early as World War I, in the future they only improved their skills ...
      Remember how many ships and which the Japanese melted in the Pacific Ocean, and the Americans themselves have much more serious goals than minesweepers ...
      1. 0
        4 December 2012 13: 58
        http://merkulof.com
        http://www.town.ural.ru
        http://www.u-boote.ru
        http://militera.lib.ru/h/vmf/index.html

        Here you are.
    2. 0
      5 February 2021 14: 40
      And what our Germans could teach the Germans, the experience of submarine warfare in the First World War in the Russian Empire was negative, the weakest in efficiency, among the belligerent powers, the Germans in the first, the British in the second and third, about the horror of Austria-Hungary. But in the construction of submarines, the Germans taught us, a type C submarine (the best boat in the Soviet fleet) is a German boat project for Spain E-1 (2 boats of the IA series will be built in the German fleet), the Germans also taught us in the training of submariners, the commander of the U-250 submarine Schmidt, when he was captured by us in 1944, in captivity was just doing what he was introducing the German method of training submariners. Our school, both the construction of submarines and the experience of using them, was not, the so-called Russian type of submarine in the First World War died during the war, boats of the D series I and L series II, had to be brought to a suitable state from 1930 to 1941, and brought about thanks to the acquisition of the project from the Germans in a place with technology, type C boats.
  11. tichsha
    +1
    4 December 2012 00: 22
    Eternal memory to Soviet submariners! Tell me what you need to get to serve on the submarine?
    1. 0
      4 December 2012 08: 53
      Gills, flippers on legs and bulging eyes.
      .....
      Just kidding, don’t be offended.
      Desire ... and a head on his shoulders. And that’s all.
      How the card will fall.
    2. +1
      4 December 2012 11: 05
      Required minimum:
      desire, brains, health and ... enter the St. Petersburg Naval Institute smile
  12. 0
    5 February 2021 13: 43
    Kuznetsov is credited with the fact that the Navy did not suffer losses on the first day of the war, since he announced the alarm to the fleet earlier than other types of troops, and the loss on June 23 in Libau of one destroyer (Lenin), and 5 submarines, what is that. Who ordered these ships to be repaired at the forward operational base, in close proximity to the potential enemy. The concentration of such a number of C-type submarines in the Baltic was a mistake (its prototype, the German IA submarine in the German fleet was the Big Ocean Boat, with us it became the Medium, an error in the submarine deployment strategy (what should a boat of 800 tonnes of displacement with a cruising range of 8 nautical miles in the Baltic)) of 000 boats of this type, 13 were killed. The training of commanders, the commander of the Shch-12, the U-307 boat (IID series, 144 tons of displacement) attacked by him was identified as a boat of the VII series (330 tons of displacement, he was not much mistaken), which is why he had problems (they suspected that he sank his C-625). Watchkeeping rules, U-8 commander Horst Heldring, during the attack on the M-149, especially noted that the upper watch was on duty without binoculars (at the time of discovery, U-99 and M-149 were on the surface in the same conditions, but the German noticed our boat earlier and I think for the reason that the entire overhead watch on German boats was not provided with bad binoculars, by the way, Heldring immediately recognized the M-99 as an improved M-type boat (the XII series and did not even confuse it with the VI series, the boats are very similar) What our fleet lacked in the Baltic was combat-ready small submarines, boats of the type M VI and VI of the Biss series can not be attributed to combat-ready boats, all these boats in 99 were handed over to the port for storage or transferred to Ladoga, boats The XII series were not much better, but their radius of action allowed them to operate only at the mouth of the Gulf of Finland (and there were a lot of other errors, the XII series boats were the same in their combat capabilities as the VI series, only a little more reliable in a technical sense), toclassmates of M-type boats, German IID series boats that were involved in operations in the Baltic had 1942 torpedo tubes (stock of torpedoes 3 pieces), against two torpedoes in the apparatus of M-type boats, the cruising range of German women was 5 miles, and 5 miles of submarines of type M. It turns out that our fleet did not have any combat-ready Small boats, so needed in the Baltic. The reasons for failures and mistakes, our Navy are many and they are complex and began to form long before the war. ...

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