UAV project "Bumblebee": domestic implementation of a foreign concept

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UAV project "Bumblebee": domestic implementation of a foreign concept
UAV Black Hornet - a sample for the creation of the Russian "Bumblebee"


Currently, a large number of projects of unmanned aerial vehicles of various classes are being developed in our country, incl. ultralight complexes. Recently it became known about the existence of the "Bumblebee" project, within the framework of which a new helicopter-type UAV with a length of several centimeters and a mass of tens of grams is being created. Such an aircraft will have to carry a camera and provide surveillance and reconnaissance, improving situational awareness of different units.



Promising project


Not so long ago, the Competence Center for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles was created at the Novosibirsk State Technical University (NSTU). This organization is entrusted with carrying out the necessary research and development of promising UAVs of various classes. It was noted that the overall goal of all new projects will be the maximum localization of production, up to the use of exclusively domestic components.

In early February, representatives of the Competence Center spoke about one of their promising developments - the Shmel ultralight class UAV. This project involves the creation of a micro-drone similar to the Norwegian product Black Hornet. The task was to repeat the design and achieve the closest performance characteristics.

At the time of the first reports, the Bumblebee project had reached the stage of testing a prototype. He has already managed to take to the air and demonstrate some of his capabilities. However, full-fledged flight tests and a demonstration of all capabilities will take place later - they will take place in June.

Although work on the "Bumblebee" has not yet been completed, the development organization is optimistic about the prospects for the project. It is assumed that such a UAV will be of interest to various structures and services, primarily the Ministry of Defense. Moreover, NSTU announced the start of interaction with some partners. Concrete agreements may appear by the summer.


New information


On March 5, the RT news agency published an interview with Denis Kotin, head of the NSTU UAV Competence Center. The topic of conversation was the project "Bumblebee" - the progress of its development, technical features, as well as operational prospects.

The head of the development organization said that work on the new UAV is ongoing; they involve a flight layout. The previous plans remain in force, and a full-fledged prototype should appear in June-July. They are going to show it to potential customers.

It is noted that the project is characterized by a certain complexity. First of all, this is due to serious restrictions on dimensions and weight when it is necessary to achieve high technical characteristics. In addition, ensuring the interaction of all elements turned out to be a difficult task.

The production of micro-drones also has its own characteristics and requires specific equipment and equipment. NSTU has partners who can provide the necessary units and components. There is also a search for new suppliers, through which it will be possible to cover the rest of the needs.

Like the foreign UAV taken as a model, the Russian "Bumblebee" will be able to carry a video camera and transmit a signal in real time. The micro-drone is intended for reconnaissance, and it will have to work in specific conditions. A small helicopter will not climb to significant heights, but at the same time it will be able to fly in limited volumes - in buildings, dungeons, etc., with the possibility of passing a radio signal.


A characteristic feature and advantage of the "Bumblebee" is its secrecy. The device has the minimum dimensions and practically does not produce noise. It is extremely difficult to detect and hit such an air target. In this regard, the ultra-light UAV compares favorably with more common quadcopters.

However, the creators of the Bumblebee note that even with such advantages, the micro-drone will be at risk, and it should be considered a kind of expendable item. The loss of such a product should not lead to critical consequences for the fighter.

Technical features


The NSTU UAV Competence Center has not yet shown the Shmel micro-UAV, but some of its features, characteristics and functions have already been disclosed. Proposed unmanned aviation a complex that includes the UAV itself, a control panel, several replaceable batteries and a charging station. The small weight and dimensions of all products will allow the complex to be carried by the operator, incl. along with other equipment and weapons.

"Bumblebee" is a miniature helicopter of the classical scheme with main and tail rotors. The dimensions of the UAV are not reported, but by analogy with the foreign Black Hornet, it can be assumed that these parameters do not exceed a few centimeters. Estimated takeoff weight - only 85 g.

The UAV is fully electric. On board there is a replaceable lithium-ion battery, from which the power plant, remote control system and reconnaissance systems operate. The electric motor of the carrier system will provide a flight speed of up to 25 km/h. Range - 1-2 km.


"Bumblebee" will receive a built-in video camera with day and night mode. The video signal in real time will be transmitted to the operator. As a control panel, it is proposed to use a smartphone or tablet with special software. It is possible that the complex will have its own remote control.

Ideas and solutions


It is assumed that within the next few months a full-fledged prototype of the "Bumblebee" will be manufactured and tested at NSTU, and after that preparations for mass production can begin. Interest from potential customers is reported, thanks to which the UAV will be able to go into operation.

It is assumed that the Shmel micro-drone will find a place in various units of the army and / or law enforcement agencies. It can be used independently or together with other relevant UAVs. In all cases, it will improve situational awareness and positively influence the problem-solving process.

It should be noted that the Bumblebee project is interesting not only for its technical features and potential. You also need to pay attention to its origin. In fact, we are talking about a domestic attempt to copy a foreign sample using available technologies and components, as well as to obtain at least similar performance characteristics.

The Black Hornet UAV, which Russian developers are guided by, was created by the Norwegian company Prox Dynamics AS (now part of FLIR Systems). She developed the appearance of such a product, solved all design problems and set up the production of micro-drones. In the future, this technique was produced for several foreign armies, which used it in exercises and in real operations. Unusual UAVs performed well, and objective limitations did not have a significant impact on the overall result of the work.


Thus, foreign specialists and armies took on the most difficult tasks and, as a result, confirmed the viability of a curious concept. Thanks to this, our designers do not have to waste time and resources on working out general ideas and get the opportunity to focus on creating a specific piece of equipment.

The Shmel project has several main tasks, and one of them is the maximum localization of production. Reportedly, domestic suppliers of several important components have already been found, and the degree of localization continues to grow. A full transition to Russian components, which has obvious positive consequences, is not ruled out.

Desired Results


Thus, the successful completion of the development of "Bumblebee" will yield several important results. First of all, the army and law enforcement agencies will be able to receive an unmanned aerial system of a fundamentally new class for them. Together with him, she will receive new opportunities in the context of intelligence and surveillance. It is not difficult to imagine how such a technique can help our fighters.

In addition, the Bumblebee project will be useful for the defense industry and the unmanned industry in general. With its help, the development organization and related partners will gain valuable experience and create various components or technologies. All these results of the current project in the future can be used in the development of the following UAV models, and not only in the ultralight class.
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58 comments
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  1. +7
    7 March 2023 04: 08
    If only they did not drag out the time from development to serial production. Otherwise, endless trials can last for years until the idea itself becomes obsolete.
    1. +5
      7 March 2023 07: 21
      . flight speed up to 25 km/h. Range - 1-2 km.

      Toy for children. The Chinese have such toys on Ali and a small cart. At what with the characteristics are noticeably higher.

      . over the next few months, NSTU will manufacture and test a full-fledged prototype

      So much time for a prototype toy? No pity? Isn't it easier for the Chinese to take a license for an already finished thing and with better characteristics? And cheaper and faster.

      Yes. They did not say anything about the price of this children's toy. Go as an adult plane will cost!
      1. 0
        7 March 2023 10: 03
        Chinese toys are too disposable even for the military. It can be improved, but that's how it will turn out.
        1. 0
          7 March 2023 14: 31
          Chinese toys are too disposable even for the military.

          Yes, even a disposable one with a parachute in the dimensions of a VOG is already good. Only there is nothing to cut here, which means that it is not interesting.
      2. +6
        7 March 2023 10: 59
        Quote: Stas157
        So much time for a prototype toy? No pity? Isn't it easier for the Chinese to take a license for an already finished thing and with better characteristics? And cheaper and faster.

        Will not work. For this UAV must withstand the operation of personnel who sacredly follow the principle break the unbreakable. Plus, knowing our MO, in TTT on a microUAV they will record the temperature range from the Arctic to the Sahara and the preservation of performance in a close nuclear explosion. smile
        1. +1
          8 March 2023 14: 33
          Quote: Alexey RA
          record the temperature range from the Arctic to the Sahara

          And rightfully so, by the way. Even in my area in winter it is minus 30, and in summer it can be plus 40. And this is not the hottest and not the coldest place in Russia.
      3. +1
        7 March 2023 11: 50
        Quote: Stas157
        Toy for children. The Chinese have such toys on Ali and a small cart. At what with the characteristics are noticeably higher.

        Looked:

        1. The comment was deleted.
        2. 0
          16 May 2023 05: 33
          Quote: ROSS 42
          Quote: Stas157
          Toy for children. The Chinese have such toys on Ali and a small cart. At what with the characteristics are noticeably higher.

          Looked:


      4. 0
        1 June 2023 06: 24
        A good topic for cutting money. It won't work quickly, it won't work.
      5. 0
        24 August 2023 07: 00
        Familiar, one already said so, why do we need to produce machine tools, we will buy everything ....
    2. +11
      7 March 2023 16: 14
      As a drone lover, I am cringing right from the news about drones weighing 85 grams for the army. Here's a drone weighing 95 grams flying 4,6 km! And it was not made of carbon to get the coveted -10 grams, but stupidly printed on a printer. A fifth grader can do it freely or you are a reader in the evening instead of watching a zombie! Gentlemen, ancient generals, please use Google before buying any garbage. Perhaps it is used by a neighbor's child :) . Well, print it for yourself, fly off and see how shit is in the enemy trench chtol ... Two kilometers back and forth is not a detour. Stl files are located on the fingiverse (although the ancient generals do not know what it is like and what ainav, betaflight and github are)
      PS: sorry burnt
      ZZY: nowhere to carry money bring me :)
      Zzzzzy: you can make a bicopter a la "Chinook" It will weigh 70 grams
      1. 0
        7 March 2023 19: 02
        Roman, they don't need long range, but your thought is natural. Because it’s not at all clear what they drank the day before if they decided to copy British crap. 85g weighs exactly the British hawk. They seem to be hooked on the noise level ... well, not in the same feature is the key to victory! like the boys want to "build up competencies", but so much time and no design? This is an obvious ochktiron or ochkolizun - I don’t know what to choose for their success strategy.
        PS they say scientists can come up with different things. cyclodroids, toroidal props, etc. and in fact they come up with even in the Russian Federation. Why are we discussing rotten attempts to fit into the topic without a hint of know-how? this is exactly what annoys me
      2. +1
        8 March 2023 21: 11
        And now put this printed copter in a protective case, insert it into the “unloading” pocket and, from a height of full height, abruptly take a prone position for firing a machine gun.
        What is not included in the unloading even without a case? His place is on the stool.
        What, the case adapted for fastening for unloading could not stand it when a 120-kilogram fighter who collapsed to the ground crushed him with his weight? His place is on the stool.
        1. 0
          8 March 2023 23: 01
          Are you in charge of procurement by chance in the Moscow Region? Out of the blue, a bunch of ridiculous excuses came up. It will be used in exactly the same way as Mavics, with its own operator, with VR glasses. Stormtroopers will blow off dust particles from it, and the one who inadvertently crushes this drone with his body will crash his own)
  2. +3
    7 March 2023 04: 34
    Ministry of Emergency Situations such a thing will come in handy, I think.
    1. +5
      7 March 2023 09: 54
      The Ministry of Emergency Situations does not need secrecy. Such a device will not be able to work in a blockage better than a crawling robot. To work in the heat, stability is important, as well as cooling the battery - this is easier to implement for a multirotor. The very concept of a helicopter creates engineering problems to overcome, and there are schemes with one or two propellers without a rear propeller, but coaxially located. Why, why, so, what is the calculation - these questions arise without answers. The only thing that can be read: the technical team has hopes and they consider it valuable to overcome obstacles - to gain experience. Alas, this is yet another example of wishful thinking.
  3. 0
    7 March 2023 04: 42
    It’s not bad that even 30 years have not passed since they realized the need and usefulness of the UAV. The bad thing is that this topic will follow the rut of the Soviet centralized and cumbersome legacy with the know-how of today's Russian Federation, through a separate institute with bloated staffs of managers and a couple of three techies, Recall that toys and cutlery invented those who always coordinated the spoon and the vanka upright. So we are waiting for loud announcements of intentions, endless statements and tests until the original goals are completely sabotaged.
    1. KCA
      +1
      7 March 2023 07: 21
      Through which institution? I have little knowledge of the issue, but it seems to me that there are simply no state developers and builders of UAVs, only private traders, what institute can Kalashnikov or Kronstadt be driven into, for example?
  4. +16
    7 March 2023 04: 46
    $100 per alik per set

    so that it doesn’t happen that the tag was re-glued and sold for 1200 ...
    1. +3
      7 March 2023 05: 41
      Well, it was necessary to be so brilliant, to lag behind China forever!
      1. +13
        7 March 2023 07: 47
        Well, it was necessary to be so brilliant, to lag behind China forever!
        All that was needed was to crush the democrats in 1991, like the Chinese of their democrats on Tiananmen in 1989.
        1. +1
          7 March 2023 10: 11
          Not only. There were several institutes in China to study the mistakes of our "perestroika". It was easier for them not to step on our rake
          1. 0
            7 March 2023 12: 57
            It's not as mysterious as you think, a history teacher in the 90s when I was in high school asked students to watch the country's documentaries about the collapse of the Soviet Union and documentaries about industrialization after World War II. It is no secret that the Russian media have become a political secret.

            1. +2
              7 March 2023 14: 19
              The USSR was doomed to collapse by Gorbachev's decision on the need to renegotiate the Union Treaty. Thus, the existence of a single state was immediately called into question, and it became possible to challenge the allegedly valid treaty. And the "genie of Ukrainian nationalism" was released. Actually, yes, nothing secret.
        2. The comment was deleted.
        3. +2
          7 March 2023 12: 52
           These are not Democrats, these are thieves that Americans buy for money, traitors, many of whom still discredit their homeland on American television in exchange for bread. 
      2. +1
        7 March 2023 10: 09
        Quote: maiman61
        Well, it was necessary to be so brilliant, to lag behind China forever!

        You have to be so smart to say such nonsense
    2. +5
      7 March 2023 05: 54
      For $ 12 at least, otherwise how to maintain a competence center?
      Competence center I already hear this term all the time from officials in different regions. It is their fashion that has now gone, as one of the decorations of the Potemkin villages.
      It also directly says they are working on localizations. So they are testing a Chinese model. But to promise does not mean to marry.
      1. 0
        8 March 2023 23: 07
        They destroyed the Soviet system of branch institutes that linked academic science with applied science, they did not create engineering centers in the Western manner ... So they came up with centers of competence.
    3. +3
      7 March 2023 10: 10
      Well, after this video, there is nothing to say. Unless, a range of 2 km at a speed of 25 km / h, this is 5 minutes of work.
    4. 0
      16 May 2023 05: 37
      Quote: Toorik
      $100 per alik per set

      so that it doesn’t happen that the tag was re-glued and sold for 1200 ...

      Another one is the same.
  5. +5
    7 March 2023 05: 06
    In general, robots are the future. Already in this war, the role of drones is very significant. Even if we compare the war in Karabakh with the NMD in Ukraine, the progress in the use of technical innovations is obvious. Testing and demonstrations of various types of robotics are underway. The next war will be much more technological, the role of man will be reduced to management. The whole question is in the economics of the process. Whoever creates cheap samples first will have an advantage on the battlefield. Already today, one smart projectile will replace dozens of ordinary ones. The main problem is the price of a shot. The price will decrease, the efficiency of application will increase. We need to look to the future and already now prepare the army for new challenges. On the old Soviet legacy, we are fighting for the last time ...
    1. +5
      7 March 2023 05: 49
      Quote: Mikhail-Ivanov
      Testing and demonstrations of various types of robotics are underway.

      That's the thing, she goes and goes. I saw this device a couple of years ago in the hands of the host of the "Military Acceptance", and the one that has no analogues is still there.
    2. 0
      7 March 2023 14: 41
      First you need to create a system of reconnaissance, control and fire in real time. And then the robots.
      With the available funds (very considerable), with comprehensive reconnaissance and competent, operational management, all this would have been completed long ago.
  6. +6
    7 March 2023 05: 45
    NSTU has partners who can provide the necessary units and components. There is also a search for new suppliers, through which it will be possible to cover the rest of the needs.
    Are Russian manufacturers on the list of suppliers?
    1. +6
      7 March 2023 10: 24
      Let's be honest, these works are not for the sake of the product. Not even for the sake of checking in the troops. If these goals were real, then the already existing Chinese model could be studied, received a review, set technical specifications and contacted the manufacturer to get an experimental batch. What is definitely impossible to expect from this model - secure technologies until you make the controller yourself. But this is not a problem at all for experience and tests. And these tests would immediately reveal a lot of inadequate parameters, which become critical in such a form factor.
      Firstly, all fpv have a problem with video transmission in reinforced concrete. Without attention to the reliability of transmission (that is, retransmission and signal measurement), this channel is too vulnerable. Making it analog is futile, digital is still expensive even on the scale of the mass market of hobby drones (immediately + 500 to the price tag of the device, as well as the issue of receiver glasses). Secondly, the mass of the drone. Opportunities depend very much on the mass. In fact, in order to install complex communication equipment, microelectronics is needed, i.e. well-established production of small batches, i.e. which is obviously not. That is, it is possible to solve the issue of communication quality at the expense of the mass, but this is again overcoming for the sake of overcoming.
      The stated goal - covert penetration - is a complex task. You can ask about the types of crawling drones implemented for the IDF, pay attention to their age. Recently, a flying 8-rotor carrier platform of 4 quadrocopters 4 "(at a glance) was added with a specially designed optical group (stereo and multispectrum if I'm not mistaken), with integration into an automated information system of a tactical level (not even a company, but a specific siege group ) I'm all about the fact that application experience cannot be stepped over. From experience, new technical specifications, new financing motives, new reports of "bosses" arise ...
      And now compare with what is written in the article. In the article, the wishlist and snot of technical enthusiasts are smeared on the vest of reporters. Moreover, I have no doubt that technically the guys are capable of a lot, but one garage will no longer make a Mac, more precisely, for this you need an Intel processor at a price of 25 apiece and the ability to train your hands in someone else's business (well, dig from there if anything , if only to test the hypothesis).
    2. +2
      7 March 2023 11: 20
      Are Russian manufacturers on the list of suppliers?

      A processor (at least 28 nm is exactly how much is needed for this UAV) can at least 1 company in the Russian Federation do it?
      No. Since there is no own lithographer.
    3. +1
      7 March 2023 13: 32
      From Russian manufacturers there will be a manufacturer of some body parts. Printed on a 3D printer. Or the usual plastic molding. This won't be much of a problem. Everything else, camera, chip, battery, MOTOR, everything is imported from a neighboring country. From a toy.
      1. 0
        8 March 2023 23: 02
        On a Chinese 3D printer for 20t.r and from Chinese consumables
  7. +4
    7 March 2023 06: 15
    Do you want domestic drones? We must start not with copying foreign designs, but with the production of our own element base and the establishment of an education system. At the current capabilities, the domestic "Bumblebee" will be the size of a nightstand
    1. +3
      7 March 2023 07: 00
      The classic helicopter scheme, with a tail rotor, is not entirely rational for this class of UAV. It seems to me that a synchropter scheme with two inclined rotors and a drive through plastic bevel gears is more preferable. It also makes sense to consider the option of a "flycat" built according to the synchropter scheme but having one propeller blade on each side, the blades work in antiphase. The synchropter circuit will reduce the weight and reduce the power consumption that is spent on the tail rotor. You need to get creative with this topic.
    2. -1
      23 March 2023 18: 58
      It’s a pity to live in this beautiful time, I don’t have to come to me either.
  8. +5
    7 March 2023 07: 50
    Will not be made. I can bet anything
  9. +1
    7 March 2023 10: 35
    It's just that this is Chubais's NANO helicopter, which flew off to look for a nano tank.
  10. +3
    7 March 2023 11: 02
    A simple question Do we produce domestic parts in bulk for this device? So that it doesn't happen again We can't mass produce because China US Europe (substitute yourself) does not supply parts?
  11. 0
    7 March 2023 11: 23
    It will be interesting to provide him with skis in the form of a hoop, with a diameter of a screw. This will protect the screw from contact with the walls, the ability to build in an extended antenna, and the tactical technique of "squatting" in an ambush, without spending energy on flying. And it will be possible to orient the camera in a sitting position with the help of a compensatory screw.
  12. 0
    7 March 2023 14: 23
    To combat drones, it is high time to issue shotguns to the units, to each squad. If the drone is visible in flight, and it is not far away, it can be shot down.
    The actual video with an example can be viewed here. "How to shoot down a Drone with a gun. Shooting a quadcopter with a shotgun." "Lord of War - Top Hunter" https://youtu.be/5iorxo2xQXY
  13. +1
    7 March 2023 19: 45
    If the goal is to help the front, send forces to assemble FPV drones and ammunition for it. This is very relevant and in demand.
  14. 0
    8 March 2023 00: 23
    Question from a bad student in school...
    And why manage this consumable? No control signals - no receiver coordinates. And an operator.
    At distances of 2-3 km, flights in bunkers are doubtful. Due to limited flight time. It's useful to fly in given directions with the transfer of what you see and a fall to run out of battery. And the price will drop. And you don't have to use a special battery.
    Consumable. Sleeves are not yet collected for reuse?
    Give a picture of the trenches, which can be seen from 100-200 meters at a distance of 1-2 kilometers. And very cheap.
    Isn't such UAVs intended for this?
    1. 0
      10 March 2023 15: 00
      You are wrong. A flight over a distance of 2-3 km is carried out by devices with a diagonal of 5 "and above, which can easily lift the weight of the battery + 250-450g of load, including reconnaissance equipment, and return. The point is not only in the desire to return, but in the benefits that the device can bring. To transmit a picture, you can use an analog signal or digitized.In the latter case, it is easier to encrypt, in the former it is cheaper.Receiving a video stream in real time makes it possible to respond to changes, for example, take a closer look at a forest belt from which something sticks out... automatic span can be combined with controllable, but in general, this is a deterioration in properties without reducing entities because there are no drones without control (they could be, but they didn’t develop special freaks).
      Specifically, for what the hornet was developed by the British, you can search, most likely it is the eye of a quick assessment of the situation at a short distance (within a hundred meters) - to find out who is behind the curtain in the bank, where are the hostages, how much and what kind of transport in the yard ... Moreover, I I assume that the camera's field of view is rather sharpened to cover a wide field for better control indoors or outdoors. The task of reconnaissance of the earth's surface (the scale is different, the distortion is different, the image quality is higher ...) is solved with the gyroscopic stabilization of the camera to improve the quality of control manually and automatically, and this requires weight ... which is quite possible to afford.
  15. 0
    8 March 2023 04: 37
    If we had a normal economy, we would have started to saturate the market with toys 10-15 years ago and would have long ago gained experience in manufacturing and operating a couple of years before current events, which would allow them to be mass-produced and cheap.
  16. 0
    8 March 2023 14: 44
    Neighbors, the Chinese, seem to be offering such a toy for 3 thousand rubles.
    We bought, drove, copied Plastic at home, in Russia to print the rest from our neighbors to buy. What problems ??!
    I don’t like this option - throw a cry to the people, so they say, and so such a miracle is needed for the defense industry! It seems that the Kulibins have not yet died out in our country, the youth themselves create the devices and show off to each other!
    And you don’t need to feed the freeloaders and they will quickly do what they need!
  17. 0
    8 March 2023 17: 01
    The classic set of words: university, center, promising, prototype, will. The classic result. Who does not believe, is ready to argue for cognac.
  18. 0
    9 March 2023 13: 47
    The issue is rather with the saturation of the troops with UAV data than with implementation. We need to convince our headquarters that this level of UAV is optimal during the assault
    1. 0
      10 March 2023 08: 50
      If the staff needs to be convinced, then something is wrong with them. This is the competence of special officers.
  19. 0
    6 May 2023 12: 25
    Initiative development from below is impossible for a number of reasons. Even if the initiator has money for it. First of all, because they will not pay for it, but, on the contrary, will require kickbacks. Even knee-deep drones or programs will be ignored and not paid for.
    Production on orders from above is impossible due to the incompetence of the authorities: Petrik’s filters, torsion generators, Rogozin’s under-tankettes and Putin’s androids have reliably compromised the belief in the possibility of creating something new under the bureaucratic leadership .. As a result, the authorities can consciously accept for implementation only the idea that is already has proven its feasibility and effectiveness: i.e. copy an existing sample.
    .
    We are doomed to fall behind by the very nature of our society and state. Attempts by incompetent senior management to get ahead of the situation can be harmful and dangerous. For example, the response to SDI by our acceleration destroyed the USSR. And we return to the first paragraph: you can only accept technical ideas that are 100% sure that they are correct, i.e. which someone has already done. An official (smart and honest official) simply will not sign if there is no working Western model.
    .
    Today, this objective situation is multiplied by a shortage of funds due to their withdrawal into reserves, the export of profits by "investors", the parasitic consumption of the bureaucracy.
    .
    How did Stalin solve this problem? I thought and studied all the time. He held constant meetings, where the problems were thoroughly discussed and made his decisions reasonably. He compensated for the lack of competence with collegial decision-making at all levels. He constantly relied on people's experience and opinions: any letters from the population were actually studied, and not as they are now. He did not allow kickbacks, bribes and nepotism as much as he could.
  20. 0
    16 May 2023 05: 40
    The main thing is that the tag is not re-glued and sold 10 times more expensive. feel
    1. 0
      2 June 2023 22: 18
      I think it has its own firmware, and therefore its own development.
      otherwise the Chinese can stuff anything into it.
  21. 0
    2 June 2023 22: 17
    The most important thing is not indicated - the battery life.

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