Cimon, son of Miltiades

79
Cimon, son of Miltiades

In ancient Greece, and especially in Athens, they were not particularly able to love and appreciate their heroes. The well-known Miltiades, after the victory at Marathon, asked his fellow citizens for just an olive wreath - and received an answer:

"When you defeat the Persians alone, then demand a reward for yourself alone."


Miltiades the Younger, bust, Roman copy after a Greek original

During his last expedition, Miltiades failed to capture Paros, but severely injured his thigh when falling from the fence of the local temple of the Terrible Goddesses, which he visited alone, probably wanting to make sacrifices. In Athens, he was put on trial, to which Miltiades had to be carried on a stretcher. Yes, there was such a “democracy” in Athens, and one can speak of the strategists of this policy in the words of Brodsky:



“Boldly entered foreign capitals,
but they returned in fear to theirs.

The enemies demanded that Miltiades be sentenced to death, the court imposed a huge fine of 50 talents, until the payment of which the dying commander was imprisoned. Here he soon died of gangrene, and, according to the Athenian concepts of that time, his death as a debtor was dishonorable. Until the full amount of the fine was paid, Miltiades' place in prison was to be taken by his son and heir, Cimon. Cornelius Nepos reports that a wealthy Athenian named Kallias agreed to pay off the debt of the winner at Marathon - on the condition that Kimon Elpiniki's sister, who, by the way, was his brother's wife, became his wife (Attic laws allowed marriage between half-brothers and sisters).

So, in this article we will talk about Cimon, who was a commander no less outstanding than his father, and who also knew the strength of the ingratitude of the Athenians.

The origin and youth of the hero of the article


Cimon was the son of Miltiades and the daughter of the Thracian king Olora - Igisipila. Plutarch states:

“The historian Thucydides ... was a relative of Cimon ... But Thucydides came from the deme of Galimunt, and Miltiades and his family came from the deme of Lakiada.”


Thucydides on a mosaic from Jerash, Pergamon Museum, Berlin - younger contemporary of Cimon, born shortly before his death

Kimon is described as a tall, well-built man with beautiful curly hair.

He was born around 512 BC. e. in Thracian Chersonese, where his father was a tyrant, and until the age of 19 he lived in this city. Let's say right away that tyrants in those days were called rulers who received power not by inheritance, but achieved it through their own efforts. In order to become a tyrant, it was not at all necessary to seize power by force. An example is Oedipus, who solved the riddle of the Sphinx and was chosen by the citizens of Thebes as the ruler of this city - he was just a tyrant. And the rulers who received power by inheritance were called basileus in Greece.

Miltiades, realizing the futility of resistance to the Persians, at first kept their side, but then joined the rebellious Greeks of the Ionian cities. In 493 BC. e. he was forced to flee to Athens. Growing up in luxury, Kimon, the grandson of the king and the son of a tyrant, did not know Athenian traditions and customs, and therefore at first he received a reputation here as an anemone and a varmint. In addition, he did not have a musical education that was obligatory for noble Athenian youths, which also served as an occasion for ridicule of ill-wishers. But his father, Miltiades, quickly became involved in the political life of the city. Three years later he won the famous victory at Marathon, after which Themistocles often repeated that he was not allowed to sleep by the laurels of Miltiades.


Greek warriors of the XNUMXth century. BC e.


Persian warriors VI-V centuries. BC e.

A year later, after the failure at Paros, Miltiades died in prison. His son Kimon, who at that time was 23 years old, and his daughter Elpinika found themselves in the most desperate situation, almost in poverty. Nobody wanted to marry a dowry, and she had to marry her half-brother. Plutarch reports:

“They say that Elpinika lived with Kimon not in secret, but in open marriage, finding it difficult because of her poverty to find a groom worthy of her origin.”

As we remember, in the end Cimon had to give it to the rich Kallis. It is not known how Elpinika herself reacted to this.

The beginning of a military and political career


For the first time, Cimon showed himself during the next Greco-Persian war, when the army of Xerxes was approaching Athens. Themistocles suggested that the citizens leave the city, arguing that the best walls of Athens were the sides of ships, but many citizens did not support him. Everyone was greatly impressed by the demonstration that Kimon organized: a group of young people, in full view of everyone, went to the Acropolis, where they dedicated the bit of their horses to Pallas Athena and, taking the shields that hung on the walls of the temple, went to the ships. With his actions, Kimon wanted to show that his hometown now needs sailors. In the ensuing Battle of Salamis (September 28, 480 BC), Cimon fought as a private and drew attention to himself by personal bravery. And then, unexpectedly for everyone, the former varmint found himself at the center of the political life of Athens, joining the party of Aristides and thus becoming an opponent of Themistocles. Marriage to Isodike, a girl from a noble family of Alkmeonids, strengthened his position. Already in 479 BC. e. Cimon was among the Athenian ambassadors sent to Sparta. Then he and Aristides were appointed strategists: they were entrusted with the leadership of the Athenian ships that became part of the allied fleet. The overall command was carried out by the Spartan king Pausanias, who in 479 BC. e. won a great victory at the Battle of Plataea. A campaign against Byzantium was organized, which was recaptured from the Persians. However, Pausanias, with his rudeness, turned all the Greek allies against himself, as a result he was recalled to Sparta, and Cimon was chosen as commander-in-chief. In 477 BC. e. he led a successful expedition to Thrace, where the city of Eion was captured.

The following year, Cimon defeated the pirates of Skyros. Here he found a burial place, which everyone considered the grave of the Athenian hero-king Theseus (according to the myth, Theseus died on this island). The remains were taken to Athens, where a new temple was built for their reburial. Then Cimon became one of the judges of the first tragedy of Sophocles, who decided to compete with Aeschylus himself. In view of the exceptional nature of the event, 10 Athenian strategists were entrusted with making a decision. The victory was awarded to Sophocles.

In 471 BC. e. Kimon knocked out Pausanias, who settled in this city, from Byzantium, who ceased to obey even the authorities of Sparta.

In Thrace, at the mouth of Strymon, after a long siege, they managed to take the city of Non, defended by the Persian commander Voges. In the end, having exhausted all possibilities for resistance, Voges set fire to the city and committed suicide. Later, the Athenian colony of Amphipolis was founded on this site.

In 470 BC. e. The hero of Salamis, Themistocles, was expelled from Athens. Since Aristides retired as early as 478 BC. e., the actual power over the city was in the hands of Cimon. He began great work on the improvement and decoration of Athens. Water was brought to the olive grove, called the "Academy", for watering the trees, paths and alleys were laid in it. The grove turned into a favorite meeting place for members of Plato's philosophical school, and its name became a household name. At the same time, Pisianakt, a relative of Kimon's wife, built a Motley or Painted Stand (this is a long covered gallery with two rows of columns) on the agora. Zeno of China taught here, and his followers became known as the Stoics. The construction of the "Long Walls" was begun, stretching from Athens to the Piraeus harbor. They were finally completed under Pericles.

Battle of the Eurymedon


In 478 BC. e. with the active participation of Aristides and Cimon, the Delian Maritime Union of Greek policies headed by Athens was created to continue the fight against Persia (sometimes this union is called the Athenian). In 469 (according to other sources - in 466) BC. e. Allied forces led by Kimon defeated the Persians in three battles in one day - two sea and one land. It happened in the Asia Minor region of Pamphylia near the mouth of the Eurymedon River, which is now called Kopryuchay. To make it clearer, let us clarify that in the territory historical The provinces of Pamphylia currently contain the well-known cities of Antalya, Side and Alanya. The river of interest to us is located between Antalya and Side. Many probably swam on it if they bought excursions with rafting in Turkey. By the way, in 190 BC. e. Another well-known battle took place near its mouth, in which the fleet of Rhodes defeated the squadron of the Seleucid king Antiochus III, led by the famous Carthaginian exile Hannibal. But we will return to the era of the Greco-Persian wars of the 200th century BC. e. Cimon, having received the news that a large number of Persian ships were located at the mouth of the Eurymedon River and a large land army intended to invade Hellas, led an allied fleet of 100 Athenian and 200 Ionian ships there. The Greeks attacked the Persian ships at a time when many members of their crews were on the shore. They managed to capture 80 triremes, after which, having landed on the shore, they defeated the Persian land army. At this time, XNUMX Phoenician ships allied with the Persians approached the mouth of the Eurymedon. A new naval battle began, during which this squadron was also defeated. Plutarch wrote that in one day Cimon eclipsed the glory of the victories at Salamis and Plataea. The Persians were forced to enter into negotiations that took place in Susa. The Athenian delegation was led by Callius, to whom the young Cimon had once lost his half-sister and wife Elpinikos. The concluded agreement was called Kimon's Peace.

Kimon's new victories


The Delian maritime alliance now dominated the space from Byzantium to Cyprus. Cimon then made the Allies a very, as it seemed to them, an advantageous offer: not to participate in hostilities, providing the Athenians with ships without crews and paying a certain amount of money. As a result, the power of Athens increased, and the allies lost the strength and means to fight them. And therefore, when the island of Thasos decided to leave the union, the Athenians, discarding decency, in 465 BC. e. sent their fleet against him, led by Kimon. Having been defeated in a naval battle, the inhabitants of the island heroically defended the main city for three years. During this time, Kimon managed to organize an expedition to liberate his native city, Thracian Chersonese, from the Persians.

In the end, the defenders of Thasos were forced to surrender. According to the enslaving peace treaty, they had to destroy the city walls, pay an indemnity and transfer all the ships to Athens. In addition, the continental possessions of Thasos were annexed. Kimon's "trophy" was also the famous painter Polygnotus, who in Athens adorned the Theseus temple and some other buildings with his paintings.

According to a long-standing Athenian tradition, Cimon, who returned to the city as a victor, immediately appeared before the court on the charge that he had not yet conquered part of Macedonia. This time Kimon was nevertheless acquitted.

We remember that after the death of their father, Kimon and his half-sister found themselves in a very difficult situation. Now, since Kimon, as a commander, legally owned part of the booty, he became one of the richest citizens of Athens. Accustomed to luxury since childhood, he did not arrange luxurious feasts in the company of hetaeras or build palaces and country villas for himself. To the surprise of many, Cimon ordered that the hedges of his gardens be removed so that any person could take the fruits or vegetables he liked. The cooks in his house prepared inexpensive meals every day, which were served to everyone. Since these dinners were not distinguished by sophistication and the simplest products were used for their preparation, people who did not have money and really needed it came to them. While walking around the city, Kimon was now accompanied by young people who changed clothes with passers-by who were worse dressed than they were. They also tossed coins in the markets to people who looked like the poor. At this time, the Persian exile Rizak turned to Kimon in search of protection, who offered him two bowls filled with gold and silver coins. Kimon asked: who does he want to see him - a mercenary or a friend? Hearing the answer "friend", he said:

“So take it all back; if I am your friend, I can take this money when I need it.”

Participation in the Third Messenian War


In 469 or 468 BC. e. There was a devastating earthquake in Lacedaemon. The number of dead Spartans reached 20 thousand people, and these losses were simply catastrophic. On top of all the troubles, taking advantage of the chaos, helots rebelled, supported by part of the perieks and messinians. The situation was so dire that the Spartans were forced to ask Athens for help. Aristophanes later wrote in the comedy Lysistrata:

My speech is now to you, Lacedaemonians!
Have you forgotten how the Athenian altars
With a plea embraced Periklid the Laconian
Pale than snow, even in purple clothes,
And he asked for help. And all Messinia
Then rose up, and the earth trembled
God executed you. Shields four thousand
Led our Cimon to Sparta, and came - and saved.

It was this episode that became fatal for Kimon. Sparta was a longtime rival of Athens, and therefore the political opponent of Cimon, Ephialtes, sharply objected to the decision to help the Spartans. But Cimon nevertheless insisted on Athenian participation in the suppression of the Helot uprising. Speaking before the National Assembly, he said:

“There is no need to make Greece lame and force Athens alone to carry a two-horse cart.”

The army had to be sent twice, and the second time the Spartans refused help, suspecting the approaching Athenians of sympathy for the helots. This caused outrage in Athens, which also turned on Cimon, who had long been accused of sympathizing with Sparta. As a result, in 461 BC. e. Kimon was ostracized, expelled from the city for 10 years and went to his hometown - Thracian Chersonese.


Ostracon of Cimon

Athens without Cimon


Pericles came to power in Athens - a representative of the aristocratic family of Alkmenides and, therefore, a relative of Kimon's wife.


Bust of Pericles, Roman copy after a Greek original. Pio Cristiano Museum, Vatican

However, the thirst for power pushed him into the camp of opponents of the son of Miltiades. It is customary to speak about this politician in the most flattering way, emphasizing his reformist activities. However, the foreign policy results of his reign were simply depressing. He dragged Athens into two wars at once - with the Persian Achaemenid Empire and Sparta, and both of these wars were extremely unsuccessful for the Athenians. In 459 BC. e. an attempt to come to the aid of Egypt that rebelled against the Persians turned into a heavy defeat for the Athenian fleet of 200 triremes during the battle in the Nile Delta. After the capture of the island of Aegina, the so-called Little Peloponnesian War began, which Athens waged with Sparta and the Greek cities allied to her. Here the Athenians were defeated in the battle of Tanagra, and before it began, they refused the help of Kimon, who had arrived to their army. In the end, Pericles himself, who at one time made a lot of efforts to expel Cimon from Athens, made a proposal for the early return of his opponent to Athens. According to Plutarch, the former rivals divided power: Pericles was now responsible for internal affairs, and Cimon was now responsible for foreign policy and the army.

Kimon's last combat campaign


Returning to Athens, Cimon began to prepare an expedition to Cyprus. This campaign began in 450 BC. e., about 200 ships took part in it - both the Athenian and allied cities. From Cyprus, 60 ships were sent to Egypt, where the anti-Persian uprising was still ongoing. And then Kimon managed to win two battles with the Persians after his death - sea and land. He died of some illness during the siege of the Cretan city of Kitia. The dying commander ordered to hide his death from everyone. The Athenians, confident that they were being led by the invincible Cimon, defeated the Persian fleet on their way home and defeated the enemy land army near the Greek city of Salamis. The ancient Greek historian Fanodemus wrote later on this occasion that the Athenians returned safely to their city.

"under the command of Cimon, thirty days before he died."

The tomb of Cimon in front of the Melite Gates of Kitia later began to be revered by the inhabitants of this city, who received an oracle with instructions to treat him as a god and a higher being. Currently in Cyprus in the city of Larnaca you can see the bust of Kimon by Marc-Leopold Lowenthal:


Markus Leupold-Löwenthal. Kimon, bust, Larnaca

We will talk about what happened in Athens after the death of Cimon in an article dedicated to the life and fate of Alcibiades, the nephew of Pericles and a student of Socrates.
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  1. +11
    30 January 2023 04: 38
    Thank you. If you think about it, then the average dunce (like me) learns much more about history here than at the same school))
    And it's written much better.
    And at the same time, you begin to think about the gratitude of the Greeks (of course) to their, let's say, not leaders, but quite worthy representatives. The good thing about democracy...
    1. +11
      30 January 2023 05: 18
      Many thanks to the author for the work! It’s nice to read historical material on VO, not extracts from Wikipedia and not a free presentation of history textbooks, but a real article on a historical topic, as it should be. good
    2. 0
      31 January 2023 08: 53
      Quote: frog
      The good thing is democracy...

      It is a pity that it does not work in settlements with a total number of more than 20 thousand people. In the same Athens, as soon as they grew up, eloquent talkers and deceivers easily seized power, naturally leading Athens to collapse. And such is the fate of all democracies - they work as long as their affairs are able to capture the mind of one person, not particularly prone to smart thinking)
      Democracy is not viable in numerous societies that do not consist of people like Darr Vetra or Fay Rodis. Alas.
      1. 0
        31 January 2023 14: 37
        Uh ...... Do you know the word "sarcasm"? Taking into account the proposal before remembering this .... phenomenon (I'm talking about democracy)) it seemed to suggest itself ....
  2. +7
    30 January 2023 06: 14
    but severely injured his thigh when falling from the fence of the local temple of the Terrible Goddesses
    What did Miltiades carry to the fence? Is it not fate to exit through the gate? Is it safer through the fence? smile
    1. VLR
      +11
      30 January 2023 06: 18
      Incomprehensible episode. None of the authors can explain why Miltiades went to this temple at all, why alone and why secretly. Then the inhabitants of the city wanted to judge the priestess of this temple for treason, but received an oracle that she acted at the behest of the gods.
      1. +4
        30 January 2023 07: 27
        Quote: VlR
        None of the authors can explain why Miltiades went to this temple at all, why alone and why secretly.

        What is this Temple anyway? What religion and beliefs did he preach, do we know this? Maybe he was suffering for the dead woman he loved?
        1. +14
          30 January 2023 08: 02
          What is this Temple anyway?
          The temple of the goddess Demeter, or rather the temple of the underground goddesses. Herodotus describes it this way
          this case: "The Athenian commander Miltiades did not know what to do about how to capture the island of Paros. And then a woman came to him, originally from Paros, named Timo, a servant at the temple of the underground goddesses. Timo was admitted to Miltiades, and she gave advice: if Miltiades certainly wants to take Paros, then let him do as she orders. After that, Miltiades made his way to the hill in front of the city and jumped over the fence of the temple of Demeter Thesmophores, since he could not open the doors. Then he entered the sanctuary, so that there something (I don't know what) to do: either to take away the forbidden with him, or to do something else.However, already at the door of the sanctuary of Miltiades, fear suddenly gripped him, and he hurried back the same way and, jumping off the wall, dislocated his hip Others, however, argue that he only injured his knee.
          So Miltiades, feeling bad, sailed back without treasure for the Athenians and without conquering Paros: for 26 days of the siege, he only managed to devastate the island. When the Parians learned that the servant at the temple of the underground goddesses Timo showed the way to Miltiades, they decided to punish her. After lifting the siege, they sent ambassadors to Delphi. And they sent to ask the oracle: should they execute the servant of the goddesses because she opened a way for the enemies to capture her native city and showed Miltiades sacred objects that should not be seen by any man. The Pythia, however, forbade punishment, declaring that Timo was innocent and the ghost of the servant appeared and inclined Miltiades to the path of disaster only because fate determined his sad demise.
          1. -3
            31 January 2023 09: 04
            Quote: kor1vet1974
            When the Parians learned that the servant at the temple of the underground goddesses Timo showed the way to Miltiades,

            Who composes this nonsense? More precisely, who wrote it when he was distributing these fakes?) What path did Timo show to whom, since this lonely Miltiades didn’t come anywhere at all, he just beat his ass? Where did the "traitor" open the way? Secret Path For Breaking Butts? The inhabitants of Paros took care of her more than life, and she, vile ...
            When the British began to increase the liquidity of the stupid shards they dug up in old graves, developing the "science" of archeology, which was supposed to convince the suckers of their incredible value, they suddenly faced a huge shortage of "ancient" texts in order to sew this very "history" that they hastily sculpted under their "historical treasures".
            Well, people in Italy organized workshops that rolled such texts in rolls. Moreover, these stories were composed very hastily, and therefore extremely clumsily. Well it's funny to read
      2. -3
        31 January 2023 08: 57
        Quote: VlR
        Incomprehensible episode. None of the authors can explain why Miltiades went to this temple at all,

        Because he loved political games more than life. He was going, like all politicians, to grab more power than he was worth. To do this, you need to secretly meet with muddy little people, selling them your people and other people's goods, for muddy services. Democracy is such a democracy
        And when you meet with different scum with murky goals, often everything goes wrong. Well, this is high politics, so it’s likely that the brooch on his cloak was too rich, so one of the negotiating partners was flattered)
  3. +13
    30 January 2023 06: 19
    Elpinika is Kimon's sister, not half-sister. They have one mother.
    By the way, you read and re-read all these instructive stories, and you notice details that you didn’t notice before. For example: Kimon is a real prince or prince. Born in the family of a meteca - Miltiades is not an Athenian. And this same metek led the army of Athens. And he had Athenian rights. And Kimon's mother is a princess, married off as a Greek, albeit a noble one. In short, there are many nuances in Greek history that we do not know yet.
    1. +8
      30 January 2023 12: 38
      By the way, I'm also interested in how these boys ... oh, meteki got the citizenship of Athens.
      1. 0
        31 March 2023 19: 57
        Thracian Chersonesus, if memory serves, was an Athenian colony. So on the one hand - a legal citizen of Athens. And on the other - the mother of a barbarian tribe. But royal. Members of the local FMS could take into account.
  4. +6
    30 January 2023 06: 57
    Cimon then made the Allies a very, as it seemed to them, an advantageous offer: not to participate in hostilities, providing the Athenians with ships without crews and paying a certain amount of money. As a result, the power of Athens increased, and the allies lost the strength and means to fight them.
    Once again I am convinced that History is cyclical ... NATO in all its glory
  5. +6
    30 January 2023 09: 39
    Sparta was by no means a longtime political opponent of Athens at that time, contradictions arose only with the beginning of the Athenian hegimony.
  6. +9
    30 January 2023 10: 36
    Yes, Cimon is little known, although the victory at the Eurymedon River alone should have immortalized his name. But PR is PR, its power is irresistible. In our country, too, everyone knows, in general, a little significant battle on Lake Peipus (Battle on the Ice!), But in the shadows - a great victory at Molodi.
    1. +10
      30 January 2023 11: 53
      But PR is PR, its power is irresistible.
      About the battle of Molodi, they simply didn’t make an excellent film, like “Alexander Nevsky” and didn’t write poems and poemssmile And about the battle of Poltava and Borodino, a brilliant poem and poems were written, which for a long time were taught by heart at school, an excerpt from a poem and a poem .. I don’t know how it is now, whether they teach ..
      1. +7
        30 January 2023 12: 01
        they just didn’t make an excellent film, like “Alexander Nevsky” and didn’t write poems and poems

        Well, I say: PR! It is not enough to win a big battle. It is necessary that someone write about this "correctly" in the chronicle - on the principle of "why the adversaries" be sorry! And then someone wrote good poetry, and the other made a good movie!
        1. +9
          30 January 2023 12: 26
          Little is known about the battle of Rymnik, there are only a couple of lines in textbooks ..
  7. +8
    30 January 2023 11: 51
    Helmet of Miltiades, preserved in Olympia:
    1. +10
      30 January 2023 12: 16
      And how did you determine that he was Miltiades? Is there a surname and number of a military man written on the lining with bleach?)))
      1. +10
        30 January 2023 12: 30
        The lining was not preserved, but it was probably scratched with a carnation .. And the name and number of the soldier and even the image of Miltiades ... smile
      2. +11
        30 January 2023 12: 34
        Quote: 3x3zsave
        And how did you determine that he was Miltiades? Is there a surname and number of a military man written on the lining with bleach?)))

        Good afternoon Anton,
        it is signed:
        1. +6
          30 January 2023 13: 03
          it is signed:
          So I guessed... smile
          and probably scratched with a carnation
          1. +9
            30 January 2023 14: 49
            Quote: kor1vet1974
            and probably scratched with a carnation

            "This work is done with a needle cutter" hi
            1. +9
              30 January 2023 15: 59
              "This work is done with a needle cutter"

              "To engrave the names of winners is a job that requires self-denial.
              - This is life: one wins cups, the other engraves his name on them. hi smile
      3. +11
        30 January 2023 14: 51
        It is engraved with "ΜΙΛΤΙΑΔΕΣ ΑΝΕ[Θ]ΕΚΕΝ [Τ]ΟΙ ΔΙ". "Miltiades donates his helmet to Zeus." Considering that the helmet was found in the ruins of the temple of Zeus at Olympia, it is logical to assume that the helmet was donated to the temple of Miltiades.
  8. +14
    30 January 2023 13: 12
    Who cares, but personally, from all this ancient Greek panopticon from the times of the Greco-Persian wars, only one character is sympathetic - Aristides. How he managed to maintain a positive image in the eyes of his fellow citizens and later chroniclers - only God knows. Well, maybe not just one, in Greece of that time there were a lot of them, but in any case, you can’t ask them anymore.
    It is surprising that a person’s reputation remained absolutely clean, and this at a time when there were about fifty policies in Greece and its environs, plus the Persian state and other barbarians - spaces for political maneuvers (that is, betrayal of intrigues and other abominations that people so willingly engaged) more than enough ... And after all, Aristide's main occupation was precisely politics.
    I especially liked the story about how, after the victory over the Persians at Salamis, it seems that Themistocles decided, just in case, to burn the fleet of Athens' allies. Well, you never know ... So that there are no other fleets left in the region. So he came to the Athenians and said:
    - I have a plan to "make Athens great again". Good. But decent people don't talk about it out loud. What to do?
    The people of Athens answer him:
    - Tell Aristide in his ear, he's no stranger to it. And he will tell us himself, if he wants to.
    Themistocles whispered with Aristides (it must be said, they were the worst enemies), that, apparently, his face was twisted, he went out to the people and said:
    - You can't say for sure about such a plan. There is nothing more useful to Athens, but nothing more dishonorable. So decide for yourself guys.
    The people thought: "Let's do as colleague Themistocles wants - we will have a universal total" fi ", although we will not care about him, because in the next few years it will be possible to say this" fi "only in a whisper, after he loudly said" ", demonstrating their indignation, except perhaps by brazenly moving their toes in sandals. We won't do it - we will have a universal "olya-la" and "das ist fantastic" for the same few years, until everything is forgotten again.
    They made some noise, made some noise, and decided - well, what the heck is such a plan. Although "yavol" captivates, of course, but "olya-la" is better than "fi".
    In short, they abandoned the "plan of Themistocles."
    1. +7
      30 January 2023 17: 26
      Who cares, but personally, from all this ancient Greek panopticon from the times of the Greco-Persian wars, only one character is sympathetic - Aristides. How he managed to maintain a positive image in the eyes of his fellow citizens and later chroniclers - only God knows.
      The charming devil knew how to rub himself into trust! It has come down to our days.
  9. 0
    30 January 2023 14: 03
    Cimon was the son of Miltiades and the daughter of the Thracian king Olora - Igisipila. Plutarch claims

    It is not clear why the author quoted from Plutarch? Why is she? There is no reliable biography of Thucydides in nature. This is on the one hand. On the other hand, the fact that Thucydides and the mother of Kimon Hegesipila are relatives is beyond doubt. Then why quote?
  10. +3
    30 January 2023 15: 47
    It's not about the ingratitude of the Greeks.
    It's about ingratitude towards the heroes of democracies.
    And Cimon, and Caesar, and even Churchill are proof of this.
    And many Venetian doges experienced it on themselves, and the Carthaginian Hannibal Barca.
    The French and Russian revolutions simply exterminated many of their leaders.
    Now southern heroes are becoming victims of the political struggle in the States, but African-Americans and Washington will be demolished, unless Hollywood makes it a black homosexual.
    1. +6
      30 January 2023 17: 15
      It's about ingratitude towards the heroes of democracies.
      A very dubious thesis. For example, Sweden is the most unbridled democracy. But for some reason, the monument to Birger is not demolished ...
      1. +3
        30 January 2023 17: 30
        Quote: 3x3zsave
        For example, Sweden is the most unbridled democracy. But for some reason, the monument to Birger is not demolished ...

        So far, only paint has gone into business:
        The monument to the memory of Raoul Wallenberg in Helsingborg was vandalized. The damage to the monument was discovered in connection with the opening of a new memorial at the site.
        Last Friday, the memory of the victims of the Holocaust was commemorated all over the world. On Sunday, the Raoul Wallenberg memorial is to feature five quotes carved into stone that commemorate the refugee boats that came here and elsewhere on the Swedish coast during World War II.
        There is already a sculpture with Raoul Wallenberg's briefcase in this place. And now someone doused it with white paint.
        “We are classifying this as hate crime vandalism,” confirms Sarah Andersson, a police spokeswoman.
        1. +4
          30 January 2023 17: 39
          Well, in our country the monument to Finban was also blown up, and not in the era of "democracy".
          Hello, Sergey!
          1. +4
            30 January 2023 17: 45
            Quote: 3x3zsave
            Well, in our country the monument to Finban was also blown up, and not in the era of "democracy".
            Hello, Sergey!

            Good afternoon Anton!
            this war with monuments that has recently unfolded all over the world is completely incomprehensible to me. hi
            1. +4
              30 January 2023 17: 57
              lately
              This is not true. The wave of modern vandalism began 30 years ago. In 1992, monuments to Columbus were demolished in Latin America.
              1. Fat
                +3
                30 January 2023 19: 23
                hi Hello Anton. The campaign for the demolition and replacement of the monuments began with the informal adoption of "Lenin's Plan for Monumental Propaganda" in 1918...
                the strategy proposed by Vladimir Lenin to use the fine art of monumental art (revolutionary slogans and monumental sculpture) as an important means of propagating revolutionary and communist ideas. "Plan" had the meaning of creating a great demand for monumental sculpture at the state level, and thus it stands at the origins of the Soviet school of sculpture.

                Anton, I have mastered the "artist" normally, and this moment is at the level of almost imprinting. I remember a lot! The wave of "vandalism" was inspired by the attitude of the Soviets to the history of the Fatherland before the "Socialist Revolution", when spiritual values ​​were equated with material values
      2. +3
        30 January 2023 21: 49
        Quote: 3x3zsave
        It's about ingratitude towards the heroes of democracies.
        A very dubious thesis. For example, Sweden is the most unbridled democracy. But for some reason, the monument to Birger is not demolished ...

        Well, here we must admit that Jarl Birger is a dubious hero. In our country, almost every schoolchild knows that he “fell over” from Alexander Yaroslavovich. Later nicknamed - Nevsky. The Swedes deny Berger's participation in this battle, so they endure a monument to him, in spite of their neighbors. laughing
    2. +6
      30 January 2023 17: 46
      Quote: faterdom
      It's about ingratitude towards the heroes of democracies.

      You used the word "democracy" in this phrase in vain. As if in totalitarian regimes, things are different with heroes.
      Heroes are needed at certain times in certain circumstances. When these circumstances change, the heroes cease to be needed, they begin to interfere, so they are removed from the run in one way or another. Democracy has absolutely nothing to do with it.
      1. +5
        30 January 2023 18: 11
        Heroes are needed at certain times in certain circumstances.
        "Today you will die,
        Tomorrow they will say: "Poet!" "(C)
        1. +5
          30 January 2023 18: 39
          No, not so.
          The ideal hero at the time of death should already be known and revered. He must die at the moment of his triumph from the last vile blow of an already completely defeated enemy, at the zenith of glory.
          1. +3
            30 January 2023 18: 48
            This is the general concept of "heroism", but the particulars are more varied. I cited Birger's personality above.
          2. +3
            30 January 2023 19: 03
            Suddenly the question arose: but Pavlik Morozov, from the point of view of the "village boy Misha", who is he?
            I do not mean a specific person, but "the hero of the legend."
            1. +5
              30 January 2023 20: 46
              The “village boy Misha” grew up in a pioneer squad, excitedly saluted under the banner and was sincerely “always ready” until the age of fourteen, I guess. Of course, Pavlik Morozov, the one he knew then, like Kolya Myagotin, were heroes for him and only heroes. After that, some difficulties began with the perception of reality in terms of matching what you see with what you hear, but Pavlik Morozov worried Misha the least at that time.
              1. +4
                30 January 2023 21: 05
                like Kolya Myagotin

                And Sasha Kondratiev? This is the cousin of my aunt Inna, who was born after the war. In the village of Golubkovo near Luga, a stand was put up for him, and a commemorative plaque on the house where he lived. Pioneer Hero. soldier The Germans tortured him... That's it, Mikhail! request
                1. +3
                  30 January 2023 21: 56
                  Zina Portnova, Lenya Golikov, Sasha Kondratyev, Marat Kazei, Larisa Mikheenko and many others - this is already the Great Patriotic War, a war with an external enemy, there are no such problems with assessing heroism - heroes, definitely. But Pavlik Morozov and Kolya Myagotin are an internal conflict, ours against ours. It's more difficult here.
          3. +4
            30 January 2023 21: 52
            Quote: Trilobite Master
            No, not so.
            The ideal hero at the time of death should already be known and revered. He must die at the moment of his triumph from the last vile blow of an already completely defeated enemy, at the zenith of glory.

            Well, or a handful of "non-heroes" who killed Julius Caesar!
        2. +6
          30 January 2023 19: 59
          Tomorrow they will say: "Poet!"

          They'll say it better - a minstrel!
          Watch and listen, who is in the subject - he will understand. wink I almost pissed off. Unfortunately, I listened to this masterpiece for the first time today. Delivers not a translation, but the sound of some words ... "Yozhin with Bazhin"A hit of all times! laughing
          1. +1
            31 January 2023 03: 14
            Well ... I will not grimace, at one time I considered such a version of the origin of the surname. But the question remained open: where are the Poles and where are the Vyatka swamps?
            I prefer another version, the verb "bazhat" means "to love."
          2. +1
            31 January 2023 03: 53
            I get the impression that in this composition "Captain Mikhailov" is on the backing vocals ....)))
            1. +1
              31 January 2023 19: 48
              I get the impression that in this composition "Captain Mikhailov" is on the backing vocals....

              I am the one on the right, with a beard. By the way, he did this until 2011, until he died, alas. sad Although, perhaps, it's not me, but F.M. Dostoevsky - even more similar! request I was just drunk, I don’t remember either Jozhin or from Bazhin... request
              And a man with a mustache, with glass and with an open mouth - Shpakovsky. Yes We have already repeatedly suggested authoritatively on the forum that this sly-assed quiet man (Vyacheslav Olegovich, my sincere respect to you!) Has a time machine. belay He managed to light up everywhere, even Mark Twain. laughing


              And now look at the photograph of Comrade Menzhinsky! stop



              He is, only later in years, and rejuvenated. Looks like it's a time travel effect... what
              In general, I propose to shake Shpakovsky, and let him show his miracle car! soldier
        3. Fat
          +2
          30 January 2023 22: 19
          Oh, how Horst Wessel died in time! I doubt that this cabin boy would have survived the "night of long knives" ... And if he had survived, then in Nuremberg there would obviously be one more gallows ... recourse
      2. Fat
        +4
        30 January 2023 19: 46
        hi Hello Michael. I don't just agree, I support the idea...
        "when a country needs heroes, it produces fools." Very cynical you noticed
        Quote: Trilobite Master
        When these circumstances change - the heroes cease to be needed, they begin to interfere, so they are removed from the run in one way or another

        drinks
        Quote: Trilobite Master
        Democracy has absolutely nothing to do with it.

        fellow
        Does democracy generally need leaders - "Heroes"?
        1. +5
          30 January 2023 20: 28
          Does democracy generally need leaders - "Heroes"?

          Needed. To lead the masses, to do all the work, and then the cream would be removed by the "pillars" of this very "democracy". Pericles glorified Athens, but then he was mined, EMNIP? And then, valiantly, under the leadership of the oligarchs and their geeks-majors, the Peloponnesian Wars blew through? Who blew the campaign in Sicily there ... I don’t remember. I remember that it ended badly. Some major.what
          However, in our country (and in many others) the word "democracy" will soon become abusive, Borisych, and, apparently, rightly so... hi
          Aristotle considered "democracy" bad form of government, offering the form "polity" instead. How these two varieties differ - I don’t know in my heart, the remnants of lectures from the first year are raging in my head. laughing drinks
          1. Fat
            +3
            30 January 2023 21: 18
            Oh, how it is customary! ... "Politia", you say? I remember the pattern...
            The correct forms of government in the state (according to Aristotle): monarchy, aristocracy, polity. They are based on laws, aimed at the common good. Wrong forms of government in the state: tyranny, oligarchy, democracy. They are characterized by lawlessness, common interests are not respected.
            The ideal state, according to Aristotle, is the state of the “golden mean”, in which measure and moderation are observed in everything (from the number of laws to the size of the territory).
            ...
            IMHO democracy is the temporary power of a "slightly intellectual" elite, over a generally poorly educated majority through emotionally oriented manipulation ....
            One can argue ... But if there is a pattern, it should find at least some theoretical justification ... And away we go ....
            Greetings, Nikolai hi
          2. +1
            31 January 2023 04: 11
            Aristotle considered "democracy" a bad form of government, suggesting the form "polity" instead. How these two varieties differ - I don’t know in my heart, the remnants of lectures from the first year are raging in my head. laughing drinks

            Dixie! drinks
            1. +1
              31 January 2023 19: 50
              Dixie!

              Pyaterochka! drinks
              ... Vlad, what are you talking about? I'm talking about shops. laughing Joke, Comrade Colonel! drinks
          3. +1
            31 January 2023 12: 49
            Quote: Pane Kohanku
            Who blew the campaign in Sicily there ... I don’t remember.

            Nicias.
            It's funny that he was originally opposed to this expedition, but it happened (according to Thucydides).
            And it’s also funny that his main opponent, the Spartan Gylippus, also ended up badly: he was convicted of stealing money. hi
            1. +2
              31 January 2023 20: 07
              Nicias.

              I hope this Nikiy is not Mikhailov? belay Joke, Sergei. drinks
              There is a book in the old apartment of some Polish writer, I don’t remember his last name, it’s called Socrates. There, Alcibiades, who is close to Socrates, is described in an artistic manner. So, he was the main inspirer of the failed Sicilian expedition! stop Then he ran from camp to camp until he was killed. request The fate of the creative intelligentsia is to change sides and ideas, according to V. Lokhankin! laughing
              Cattle, in short. negative He simply did not know about the existence of Upper Lars. wassat
              1. VLR
                +4
                31 January 2023 20: 42
                My next article is about Alcibiades. The situation in Sicily is ambiguous. Alcibiades, who very successfully began to fight on this island, received a summons to... The Athenian court is the most humane in the world on trumped-up charges.
                And I decided to visit Sparta - for now just visit and see what happens next. There he learned that he had been sentenced to death in Athens, and said: I will prove to them that I am still alive. And Athens began to have a nightmare, because Alcibiades was still a very capable young man. This did not prevent the Athenians from later inviting Alcibiades to command the fleet, and he won many victories. And then, in his absence, an alternatively gifted deputy, contrary to the ban,
                got involved in a fight with Lysander, and was defeated. Guess who the Athenians blamed? And then the rulers of Athens and Lysander asked the Persians to kill Alcibiades - because the people in Athens began to miss him very much. This is such a stupid and ridiculous story. But Alcibiades had every chance of becoming the greatest hero of Athens - if not for the impenetrable stupidity of his fellow citizens, who are now declared "fathers of European democracy."
              2. +1
                1 February 2023 11: 12
                Quote: Pane Kohanku
                I hope this Nikiy is not Mikhailov?

                No, he is Nikii Nikeratovich Kidantid: these ancient Greeks had such "wild" names! laughing
                There, Alcibiades, who is close to Socrates, is described in an artistic manner.

                The general history, processed by the Satyricon, reads:
                He fled to Sparta, then repented and fled again to Athens, then repented of thoughtless repentance and fled again to Sparta, then again to Athens, then to the Persians, then to Athens, then again to Sparta, from Sparta to Athens.
                He ran like crazy, developing incredible speed and crushing everything in his path. The tailless dog could hardly keep up with him and died on the fifteenth run (412 BC). Above it is a monument on which the Spartans inscribed succinctly: "Wanderer, I died."
                For a long time Alcibiades ran like a madman from Sparta to Athens, from Athens to the Persians. The unfortunate had to be shot out of pity.
                hi
              3. +2
                1 February 2023 11: 15
                That's interesting: someone put a minus for quoting Thucydides, why did Thucydides not please him?
                Maybe it was a shame for Nikiya or Gylippus? But in any case, this is not for me, but for Thucydides. drinks
                1. +1
                  1 February 2023 19: 44
                  That's interesting: someone put a minus for quoting Thucydides, why did Thucydides not please him?

                  Some bastard. Fucydidophobe. Don't worry, Sergey! drinks
        2. +5
          30 January 2023 20: 35
          Quote: Thick
          Does democracy generally need leaders - "Heroes"?

          Needed when you need it. Who will protect it, this "democracy"?
        3. +4
          30 January 2023 21: 21
          It was on this slippery question, Andrey Borisovich, that there was a deafening silence...
          And how many examples from recent history! But I am also silent. Fatigue set in from the futility of chatter.
          And the article is great. The Greeks were already as quarrelsome then as they are now. Learned a lot. Wow! Such a small area, but so many movements!
          1. Fat
            +4
            30 January 2023 21: 57
            Come on, Lyudmila... Many people either thought about it or lost interest in further exchange of ideas. And the article is really wonderful, not just a "listing of facts with a description" ...
            So it got me thinking...
            Well, why are modern politicians better than ancient ones? Both those and the new ones operate with speculation and rumors and spit on facts, relying on "their vision" ... The lack of well-verified information confuses the smart and provokes the half-wits request
      3. +2
        30 January 2023 23: 13
        No, I did it not in vain, and not by accident.
        I think so.
        When a monarch or some dictator destroyed a national hero, be it Aetius or the Bishop of Canterbury, a serious shadow fell on him during his lifetime, and he entered History as an anti-hero.
        But when there is democracy, then the responsibility is hidden, or smeared with porridge, and yet some characters settle personal scores with the Hero, out of envy, jealousy, calculation, and so on.
        The apotheosis of the current "democracy" is the deep state of the United States, when the real managers of world wars and crises are even unknown, or little known.
        1. Fat
          +3
          31 January 2023 00: 02
          You can "shout" from above, you can "deepen" ... But people, those who choose a leader, are almost impossible to stop. Yeltsin was made like that and dancing in Berlin, booze Boris merged his fatherland. No, you can't close the center in E-burg. Everyone should remember Judas and his personal Aspen! No need to break the monuments never to anyone under any circumstances!
          Even the monument to Mannerheim I have no complaints, except for one ... There should be an inscription "from Grateful Russia - to the traitor general in memory of the deeds"
    3. +3
      30 January 2023 21: 34
      Quote: faterdom
      And Cimon, and Caesar, and even Churchill are proof of this.
      And many Venetian doges experienced it on themselves, and the Carthaginian Hannibal Barca.
      The French and Russian revolutions simply exterminated many of their leaders.

      The British did not want to wage colonial wars in India and Burma after World War II. That's why they voted for Labor. Churchill did not lose much from this. If he had been in power, he might have plunged the world into a thermonuclear war with the USSR. Revolutions are still caused not by democracy, but by the monarchy and the desire of the people to make their difficult life easier under monarchical rule.
      1. Fat
        +2
        30 January 2023 22: 59
        Actually, there is nothing wrong with the modern monarchy. Modern Monarchy is an attribute of a sovereign state. Symbol. Not more.
        At one time I was shocked by the campaign unleashed against the Spanish monarch Philip VI, but only ... Well, he had "excessive" powers in the opinion of the Anglo-Saxons .... They removed, screwed up, compromised, found quirks. Well, well... Oh. soon the British kingdom will then be at its limit, with the end of the British Commonwealth. The "power" of the Japanese emperor will also end ... Then, for sure, forgive dignity and chivalry altogether. The words honor and nobility will become completely archaic joke smile
      2. +1
        30 January 2023 23: 21
        How do we know what the British wanted? That is, before that, for 400 years they wanted to conduct colonial conquests, and then they suddenly lost their desire?
        Yes, and their "democracy", let's say, is still ...
        A recent example with Liz Truss - did the British want her, and also the Scots, the Welsh and the Irish?
        But here you are, if you wanted to! smile
  11. +1
    31 January 2023 03: 07
    Hello comrades! I wonder where the picture above is from? There the hoplite got an arrow in each leg
  12. +1
    31 January 2023 07: 39
    And Thracian Chersonese - is it somewhere in the territory of modern Bulgaria?
    1. VLR
      +3
      31 January 2023 19: 35
      No, on the Gallipoli peninsula in modern Turkey.
  13. -1
    31 January 2023 08: 41
    In ancient Greece, and especially in Athens, they were not particularly able to love and appreciate their heroes. The well-known Miltiades, after the victory at Marathon, asked his fellow citizens for just an olive wreath - and received an answer:
    "When you defeat the Persians alone, then demand a reward for yourself alone."

    It is ridiculous to expect from a historian at least some understanding of the psychology of warriors. A very frank article) You see, Mr. Ryzhov, in the understanding of a warrior, a hero is not at all what you are used to perceiving. That is, this is real life, not slobbering books about "exploits".
    In life, the hero, sparkling with inconceivable virtues, does not walk, surrounded by a faceless submissive mass, ready to meekly sacrifice himself in order to set off the beautiful turn of his head. In order to win with edged weapons, ALL the men of the army gave hours every day to military training all their lives.
    Are you tired (you have to earn a living), sick, are you lazy? All this does not care. You are a citizen and you have the duty of a citizen. So spear in hand, shield in hand, and went, either to a public platform, or simply to the yard. Well, let's sweat in streams ... People who were capable of this see the world differently than the beautiful-hearted armchair historians.
    A hero is a person who can do much more than an ordinary citizen fighting in an army. Than a person with a decade of combat experience, twenty years of hard training, a considerable personal cemetery, wounded several times and confidently holding a place in the ranks.
    I understand that the author of the article, like his colleagues, cannot imagine the psychology of such people. Their ceiling is the recruit of the dawn of the gunshot. That is, a peasant or a beggar, who was trained with a stick and prongs in a couple of days to load the barrel, poke it in the direction where the sergeant with the baton points, and fire a shot. No, warriors with bladed weapons are not like that) They can't be like that.
    And this za-ets did not ask for "some kind of" laurel wreath. He demanded recognition of his SOLE merits. And his fellow citizens, indisputably and naturally (completely incomprehensible to any historians) asked their friends, neighbors and relatives who were in the army - is this person worthy of such recognition? And they got the answer - a good warrior and commander, but pride hits him in the head with boiling urine.
    This method of recognizing merit is absolutely incomprehensible to historians, and deeply disgusting. Fellow citizens, consisting almost without exception of warriors, cannot be chatted or deceived. How do you take credit for yourself if you fought with the rest in the same row? And even more so if you didn’t fight?)) If your command was so-so?
    It was a system of REAL PEOPLE. No wonder historians don't understand...
    1. VLR
      +3
      31 January 2023 19: 41
      Miltiades - "a good warrior and commander" ?!
      Yes, he was the only one of the 10 (!) Athenian strategists who led collectively (!) He was a commander! The rest are merchants and aristocratic demagogues who only knew how to grind with their tongues. The Athenians, with such a leadership, must have lost if it were not for Aristides, who transferred his powers to Miltiades and forced the others to do the same with his authority. Victory at Marathon - 100/% merit of Miltiades.
  14. +1
    31 January 2023 14: 07
    Quote: vet
    In our country, too, everyone knows, in general, a little significant battle on Lake Peipsi (Battle on the Ice!), But in the shadows - a great victory at Molodi.


    A little significant victory on Lake Peipus was nevertheless won by the prince, who was recorded as a saint. Probably for what. And the victory over the Krymchaks at Molodi ... indeed, few people know who distinguished themselves there.
    Alas... Accomplishments do not always color a person, sometimes it happens vice versa.
  15. +1
    31 January 2023 20: 13
    Quote: VlR
    Miltiades - "a good warrior and commander" ?!

    Yes, the wording scratched me a little too.
  16. +1
    1 February 2023 09: 49
    Quote: VlR
    Yes, he was the only one of the 10 (!) Athenian strategists who led collectively (!) He was a commander! The rest are merchants and aristocratic demagogues who only knew how to grind with their tongues.


    So it's democracy. Whoever was able to pay for his election campaign is a great strategist.
    Truly, nothing to change!

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