Abraham Hannibal. The most famous "Arap" of the Russian Empire

62
Abraham Hannibal. The most famous "Arap" of the Russian Empire
Battle of Lesnaya. Bas-relief by A. K. Nartov. 1720s Fragment


The famous "Arap of Peter the Great" - Abram (Ibrahim) Hannibal, the great-grandfather of A. S. Pushkin, is probably known to everyone. However, there are still many mysteries and “dark spots” in his biography, starting from the place and time of his birth and the circumstances of his appearance in Russia. They even argue about the color of his skin.



Many are sure that Abram Hannibal was a Negro. Pushkin himself, realizing that he was not handsome and complex, like Apollo, decided to turn his flaws into dignity and tried to attract the attention of girls and married ladies with his exotic appearance (which in fact was far from exotic) and origin. This is how the young Alexander Pushkin looks like in the portrait of S. G. Chirikov, written in 1810. – light skin, gray or blue eyes, red hair:


S. G. Chirikov. Portrait of A. S. Pushkin. 1810s

To be a descendant of an Arab, Pushkin seemed uninteresting - he wanted to be a "Negro". In a note to the first chapter of Eugene Onegin, the poet proudly informed readers:

"On the mother's side, the author is of African descent."

And in the poem "Yuriev" he reminded of this, speaking about himself:

"The offspring of the Negro is ugly."

And he also repeated with pleasure after Bulgarin, who ridiculed him:

My black grandfather Hannibal
Was bought for a bottle of rum.

(And then all of a sudden someone didn’t read this in Bulgarin’s book).

And, I must say, Alexander Sergeevich really convinced a lot of people in his “Africanism”. Fyodor Sologub, for example, called Pushkin "a moor who rushed at Russian women". However, in fact, the great-grandson of Abram Petrovich Hannibal, even a “Negro”, even a “Arap” was more than dubious - due to a very distant relationship. And some researchers believe that the poet's great-grandfather (like the "Moor Othello") had nothing to do with blacks.

Araps, Negroes and Moors


Let's first try to figure out who the "Araps" are. Initially, the Berbers and Arabs of North Africa were called so in Europe - this area is called the Maghreb. Vladimir Dal also confused everyone, who called the words “Arap”, “Moor” and “Negro” synonyms.

The words "Negro" and "Moor" really have the same meaning - "black", only in translation from different languages: Negro - from Latin, Moor - from Greek.

The Romans called Mauretania a country located in northwestern Africa - on the territory of western Algeria and northern Morocco. This is what the Moorish king Masinissa looks like - an ally of Hannibal Barkid in the Second Punic War and a participant in the battle of Zama (October 19, 202 BC):


Silver coin with profile of Masinissa

In the Middle Ages, the Moors were called the Arabs of North Africa, whose skin has a darker shade even compared to those Europeans who live in southern Italy or in Andalusia.

As for the Arabs, the word "Arab" is clearly heard here. However, there is a “second bottom”: the fact is that Europeans often bought blacks from Arabs (Maghreb pirates). And therefore, in European countries, blacks were indeed often called araps. Negro boys were in demand because of their exoticism: many European aristocrats sought to have a “Arapchonka” in their service. Here is how it looks in a painting by the XNUMXth-century French artist Claude Francois Vignon:


The fashion for Africans also did not pass Russia. It is known that the Araps even served the mother of Tsar Mikhail Romanov. And at the court of Catherine II there were 10 immigrants from Africa, their position was called: “araps of the Supreme Court”, and there were“ araps ”senior and junior.

In addition, in the European armies, Negroes were very popular as regimental musicians - timpani, trumpeters, drummers. It is curious that the timpani in some French regiments were officially called Negroes - even if they were blond-haired and blue-eyed natives of Normandy. And the famous French commander of the 1747th century, Moritz of Saxony, even tried to create a separate Negro Lancers unit (along with the Tatar, Wallachian and Mauritanian). It is known that in 9 he had 20 Moors and 1749 Negroes. By 49, the number of Negroes was brought to XNUMX.


Black Lancer of Marshal Moritz of Saxony, 1745

Therefore, if the Venetian Moor Othello was definitely not a Negro, then there are still questions about the “Arap” Abram Hannibal.

Origin of Abram Hannibal


And what did Abram Petrovich Hannibal himself write about himself? He claimed that his father was a prince and owned three cities, the main of which was Lagon, located on the banks of either the river or the sea. Abram's father allegedly had many wives and children. Hannibal called the name of one of the sisters - Lagan. According to the most common version, Abram's birthplace is Abyssinia - somewhere on the border of modern Ethiopia and Eritrea. Abyssinians have mixed - Negroid and Caucasoid features, skin color - from swarthy to dark brown. This is what the purebred Ethiopian Letezenbet Gidey looks like, the world record holder at distances of 5000 m, 10 m, 000 km on the highway and in the half marathon:


It has also been suggested that the city of Lagon, named by Abram, was located on the territory of modern northern Cameroon - south of Lake Chad. This is already "Black Africa", and the boy brought from there must have been a Negro.

However, after the death of his godfather Peter I, Abram himself changed his surname: there was Petrov, Hannibal became. And he took a new surname in honor of the great commander, whom he considered his countryman. And ancient Carthage, as you know, was located on the territory of modern Tunisia - this is part of the Maghreb, now Berbers and Arabs live here. Yes, and Carthage was founded by the Punians - immigrants who arrived here from Phoenicia. They were Indo-Europeans who spoke a language related to the Semitic. That is, blacks have never lived in this territory. Therefore, Vladimir Vysotsky, who played the role of Hannibal in the Soviet film “The Tale of How Tsar Peter Married Married”, may not have had to engage in “blackfacing” (from blackface) now mercilessly criticized in the West and smear his face with shoe polish. However, he doesn’t even look like a black man in makeup:


How not too similar to the Negro in this portrait is Abram Petrovich Hannibal himself:


However, some believe that this is a portrait of a Russian general of German origin I. I. Möller-Zakomelsky. But the very fact that Hannibal's "Arap" is confused with a German speaks volumes.

But in this portrait by one of the students of D. Levitsky, we definitely see the eldest son of "Arap Peter I" - Ivan Abramovich Gannibal:


Agree, he looks a little like a mulatto. Like his brother Isaac in the miniature below, he is swarthy, but there are no Negroid features:


Miniature depicting I. A. Hannibal

The brothers' mother was Christina-Regina von Sjöberg, the daughter of a Swedish captain and a Baltic German from the noble family von Albedil. She lived until 1792, gave birth to 11 children, and on her part Pushkin's origin is the most "Nordic".

Way to Russia


But how did the African boy Ibrahim, who became known as Abram Gannibal, end up in Russia? The “petition” written by him in 1742, in which he asks the Empress Elizabeth Petrovna to grant him the nobility and approve the family coat of arms, has been preserved.


Coat of arms of the Hannibal family

It is believed that Abram Petrovich actually copied it from the coat of arms of Peter I's comrade-in-arms Franz Lefort:


But let's get back to Hannibal's "petition", who in this document states:

“I come from the lowest of Africa, the noble nobility there. I was born in the possession of my father in the city of Lagon, which, moreover, had two more cities under it; in 706 I left for Russia from Tsaryagrad under Count Sava Vladislavich, by my will, in my early years and brought to Moscow to the house of the blessed and eternally worthy memory of the Sovereign Emperor Peter the Great and baptized into the Orthodox, Greek confession faith; and His Imperial Majesty deigned to be present as the recipient with his highest person; and from that time he was not apart from His Imperial Majesty.

And immediately questions arise. How did he “by his own will” “leave” for Russia, if he was still in his “young years”? And at the same time, apparently, he showed honor to "Count Sava Vladislavich" by agreeing to keep him company. Meanwhile, Savva Lukich Raguzinsky-Vladislavich (a Serb who later transferred to the Russian service) at the beginning of the 1704th century was neither a count nor a Russian subject. In Constantinople, he was on an unofficial mission - as a private person. Raguzinsky arrived in the Ottoman capital in 1706, left it not in 1705, but in 1705. And Hannibal himself another time reports that already in 1707 he was baptized by Peter I. This is impossible if you believe that he came to Russia with Raguzinsky. Therefore, in the so-called "German biography of Hannibal", which we will talk about a little later, it is stated that the baptism took place in XNUMX.

However, traces of the "Arap Abram" can be traced in Russia since 1698. This was written by such authoritative researchers as D. Blagoy and N. Granovskaya. So, in the palace account book for 1699, a caftan is mentioned among the expenses for tailoring "foreigner Avram Petrov", in another place of the same document - a shirt and boots"Abram's arapa". They also paid attention to the engraving of Shkhonebek, on which he depicted Peter I and his “Arapchonka” in 1705, look at it:


This seven-year-old "Arapchon" standing behind the emperor looks very tall. Now, if he was 7 years old back in 1698, and in 1705 he was already 14, then everything is fine. Although still quite high (at that time). Here, the “Arapchonka” has obvious Negroid features. However, his name is not given. Perhaps this is not the “Arab child” that received the name Peter at baptism, but became known as Abram Petrovich Hannibal, but the second one, brought to Russia at the same time and received the name Alexei at baptism? And how reliable is this portrait? Did Schkhonebek have an order to write exactly a typical Negro? After all, even Peter I looks completely different in different portraits, and one can only guess which of the portraits is closer to the original. Here, for example, is a lifetime portrait of this king by A. Shunyans, painted in Vienna in 1698:


But much more common are idealized and romanticized portraits, like this one:


I. Nikitin. Portrait of Peter I, 1717

The letter of Lefort, addressed to Peter, who was part of the Great Embassy, ​​is curious: in it he recalls that several ... slaves must be brought from "enlightened Europe". On this basis, it has been suggested that it was Peter I who bought his future godson in Holland or England. And the Saxon diplomat Georg von Gelbig, in his book “Russian Favorites” published in Tübingen in 1809, states:

"Abraham Petrovich Hannibal was a Moor, whom Peter I brought to Russia from Holland as a ship's cabin boy."

In general, it is impossible to choose the only correct version at the moment, but Hannibal is lying, telling a romantic tale about a princely son languishing in captivity of the Turkish Sultan - in order to ascribe to himself a “noble” origin, in which, by the way, he is absolutely not original.

Pushkin himself tried to research the biography of his ancestor, and after the death of the poet, among other documents, a notebook was found with a “biography” of Abram Gannibal written in German. It is not clear how this document fell into the hands of Pushkin, and who was its author, but it can be confidently asserted that it was written on the basis of the information from the German Biography of Hannibal mentioned above - an anonymous work that contained a huge number of errors and simply absurd statements. V. Nabokov, for example, in the article "Pushkin and Hannibal" calls this source "idiotic document, comic bombastic German biography", and the future Hannibal -"an ordinary african slave". Nabokov believed that this work was written after the death of Abram Petrovich by one of the German relatives "Mrs. Hannibal"(nee von Sjoberg). It is now believed that the author of the German Biography of Hannibal was the husband of his youngest daughter, Adam Rotkirch, and it was written after 1786 with the sole purpose of achieving the inclusion of the Hannibal family in the sixth book of hereditary nobles. Pushkin in the poem "My genealogy" writes about his ancestor:

And similarly bought arap
Increased zeal, incorruptible,
The king's breastplate, not a slave.

Confidant! That is, a person who is trusted with the most secret secrets. A very bold statement. In fact, as we will see later, Peter I showed no interest in the fate of his godson until 1716, and in the future he practically did not take any part in his fate. The peak of Abram Hannibal's career came during the reign of Elizabeth Petrovna.

In the next article, we will continue the story about Abram Petrovich Hannibal. Let's talk about his life in Russia under different monarchs - from Peter I to Catherine II.
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  1. +5
    5 January 2023 05: 12
    Interesting, Valery. I did not think about the origin of the word "Arap". He took it for granted.

    And one more thing: it is not uncommon for official biographies to differ greatly from the real ones. If you touch them somehow. And after centuries, a lot just merges and gets mixed up.
    1. +5
      5 January 2023 05: 57
      Good morning. smile
      Everything is really very interesting and it is already impossible to find the truth, perhaps. And is it necessary?
      And here is how Hannibal was portrayed in the film "Peter the Great" in 1937.

      1. +6
        5 January 2023 06: 02
        Like poetry and prose, books and articles have a life of their own. The same applies to films.

        And when they were watched by many, everyone took it in their own way.

        Vysotsky likes in Peter the Great's Moor.

        At the same time, I heard serious criticism of the film.

        However, I repeat, everyone sees his own.

        And what they call the spirit of the times,
        There is a spirit of professors and their concepts,
        Which these gentlemen are inappropriately
        They give out for true antiquity.
        1. +4
          5 January 2023 06: 15
          And when they were watched by many, everyone took it in their own way.


          Yes that's right.

          Everyone writes what he hears
          everyone hears how he breathes,
          as he breathes, so he writes ...


          And I really liked Vysotsky in the role of Hannibal. The scene of his nightly conversation with his future bride is especially good. smile

          1. +4
            5 January 2023 06: 20
            Yes. Compliance of the actor and image.

            Even in "Little Tragedies" Don Juan was a success.
            1. +3
              5 January 2023 07: 14
              Even in "Little Tragedies" Don Juan was a success.


              Yes, definitely! Lieutenant Brusentsov is also good in "Two Comrades Served" good

              1. +3
                5 January 2023 07: 47
                I have seen the photo many times. And I haven't watched the movie. Such is the paradox.
                1. +5
                  5 January 2023 08: 16
                  Watch the film, it is still quite relevant now and all the actors are there in their place, the images, even episodic ones, are remembered immediately.
                  1. +4
                    5 January 2023 08: 36
                    I'll take a look. I present episodes with Jankowski. When the film is nearby in time, it still penetrates in fragments, even if you don’t watch it.
                    1. +3
                      5 January 2023 09: 39
                      Yankovsky and Bykov are inextricably linked there, you remember one and immediately remember the other. )))
                      1. +2
                        5 January 2023 14: 51
                        Jankowski likes in all manifestations. And the Magician from the "Ordinary Miracle" and Baron Munchausen, and so on, so on, so on.
                      2. kaa
                        0
                        10 January 2023 09: 20
                        The dragon is also excellent.
          2. +4
            5 January 2023 06: 39
            Curious research! Traditional thanks to Valery, comrades good morning and have a good day!

            That year the autumn weather
            It was a long time in the yard,
            Winters waited, nature waited.
            Snow fell only in January
            On the third night. Waking up early
            Tatyana saw through the window
            In the morning the whitened yard
            Curtains, roofs and fence,
            Light patterns on the glass
            Trees in winter silver
            Forty fun in the yard
            And softly strewn mountains
            Winters with a brilliant carpet.
            Everything is bright, everything is white around.
            II
            Winter! .. The peasant, triumphant,
            On the driftwood, the path is renewed;
            His horse, snow-scented,
            He wiggles like a trot;
            The reins are fluffy blasting,
            The tent flew away;
            The coachman sits on the box
            In a sheepskin coat, in a red sash.
            Here runs the yard boy,
            In the sled bug, planting,
            Myself transformed into a horse;
            The scoundrel already froze his finger:
            To him both it is sick and ridiculous,
            And his mother threatens him through the window...

            Excerpt from Eugene Onegin!
            1. +3
              5 January 2023 07: 48
              And the cold is coming to us. Despite the fact that the snow from previous temperature drops thoroughly melted.
              1. +2
                5 January 2023 18: 40
                We had: +8.
                It is colder in the mountains, in the evening I returned from my stepfather's homeland. In fact, the temperature is quite close: from +3,5 to 10, yesterday +16, but the wind ...
                1. +2
                  5 January 2023 19: 13
                  This morning-afternoon the forest is delightful. January is exceptionally warm. We are waiting for the promised Christmas frosts.
                  1. +3
                    5 January 2023 22: 05
                    Waiting for the promised Christmas frosts
                    ,,, what for such frosts. We are predicting -30.
              2. +2
                5 January 2023 21: 08
                Quote from Korsar4
                And the cold is coming to us. Despite the fact that the snow from previous temperature drops thoroughly melted.

                Minus 24 degrees Celsius - is it cold or what?
                1. +3
                  5 January 2023 21: 50
                  Watching where. As one of my friends from Barcelona said: "It's cold here in winter, sometimes it drops to +5, I have to wear gloves!")))
                  1. +2
                    5 January 2023 21: 57
                    This little creature freezes faster.
                    And in a good jacket, but in motion everything is nice.

                    This is how children's fairy tales teach us.
                2. +2
                  5 January 2023 21: 55
                  That's what I agree with the British, that there is no bad weather, but bad clothes.

                  I feel comfortable from plus 25 to minus 20. But another 5-10 degrees is not scary. The main thing is not to take too long.
                  1. +2
                    5 January 2023 21: 59
                    "You can't get used to the cold, you can learn to endure it" (C)
                    1. +2
                      5 January 2023 22: 10
                      It's still wet and windy here.

                      The composition of the forests of the Moscow region was affected by the winter of 1978/79. Both maple and hazel are thoroughly frozen.
          3. +3
            5 January 2023 19: 00
            I have seen footage from this movie.
            It seems that here Peter 1 shoot the bells to pour the cannons?
            Recently, it flashed that: bell bronze is not suitable for cannons, but in this case, what did Peter make the cannons from?
            More specifically Jacob Bruce. I read that he created the perfect artillery for that period
            1. +4
              5 January 2023 21: 31
              Quote from lisikat2
              I have seen footage from this movie.
              It seems that here Peter 1 shoot the bells to pour the cannons?
              Recently, it flashed that: bell bronze is not suitable for cannons, but in this case, what did Peter make the cannons from?
              More specifically Jacob Bruce. I read that he created the perfect artillery for that period

              Good evening!
              If in order.
              1. The bells were removed, but basically they were used not for cannons, but for bronze parts for the needs of the fleet and monetary reform.
              2. Still good. It's just that "artillery experts" confuse artillery bronze of the 19th century and the technology of making guns of the late 17th century.
              3. Peter's cannons were mainly cast from cast iron and old cannons. Unfortunately, the bombardier captain exhausted all the old guns for the new artillery, regretting only those that, in his understanding, had artistic value.
              4. Well, they didn’t bring it to perfection. Although it must be admitted, they did a lot. In particular:
              4.1. Reduced the number of calibers.
              4.2. Machine tools (carriages) were unified.
              4.3. Casting of gun bodies according to patterns was standardized. Removed decorations.
              4.4. Added charging boxes.
              4.5. We developed and tried to use the first hauff guns (howitzers). Although this is debatable.
              4,6. Created field artillery.
              4.7. We determined the system of buffet, departure and traction (harness). Abandoned the duty.
              4.8. Naval artillery was created from scratch.
              And a lot, not the merits of the Scot Bruce, but personally Peter.
    2. -1
      5 January 2023 21: 39
      Sergei
      In Rus', the word - arap denoted a scientist.
      It was later, when foreigners took up the creation of the RUSSIAN language and spelling, the Arap was changed to an Arab
      Then they began to look for the roots of the RUSSIAN language either from the German-Swedes, or from someone else. Then they began to change RUSSIAN fairy tales, epics, sayings. For almost three hundred years, all this was done by foreigners or trained *where else*, for whom the RUSSIAN language *was not their own*.
      1. +1
        6 January 2023 03: 12
        Quote: Vasily50
        Sergei
        In Rus', the word - arap denoted a scientist.
        It was later, when foreigners took up the creation of the RUSSIAN language and spelling, the Arap was changed to an Arab
        Then they began to look for the roots of the RUSSIAN language either from the German-Swedes, or from someone else. Then they began to change RUSSIAN fairy tales, epics, sayings. For almost three hundred years, all this was done by foreigners or trained *where else*, for whom the RUSSIAN language *was not their own*.
        sorry for interfering.
        Basil where such revelations come from?
        No kidding, are you curious?
        In fact, before Peter, all foreigners were "Germans" - dumb, who were divided into "Fryazhsky" - Italians, "Gishpans" - Spaniards, etc. In contrast to them, there was a collective "Tatars" - of which there were also many, from "Kazan" and Krymchaks to "Astrakhan" and "Nogai". "Moors" and "Araps" were called natives of Africa and the Middle East. Separately, according to religion, they denounced the "Basurman" and the "Kids". Eastern merchants were universally called "Bukharans".
        The division of the Author "Moors" and "Araps" for pre-Petrine Rus' is rather conditional, to the Arabs and Turks, they often used a "marker" - "Saracen".
        Arap is rather a forced native of the African continent. Regarding the secondary character in this case, religion agrees with Valery.
        Dal, lived a century and a half later and described his realities.
        Well, somewhere like that.
      2. 0
        6 January 2023 06: 56
        Arap in Rus' is a scientist!? On what information dumps do some find such garbage information?
  2. +1
    5 January 2023 05: 44
    judging by the portraits, the grandchildren of Hannibal completely Russified, at least little is left of their grandfather .....
    1. +4
      5 January 2023 06: 47
      Quote: Alex242
      judging by the portraits, the grandchildren of Hannibal completely Russified, at least little is left of their grandfather .....

      Given that a number of descendants of Abram Gannibal (Petrov) married German women, the example of assimilation is close to the classical one - when a more highly cultured environment absorbs an individual!
      In fact, Pushkin is our "everything", but we must pay tribute to his nanny Arina Rodionovna!!!
      1. +1
        5 January 2023 22: 18
        Given that a number of descendants of Abram Gannibal (Petrov) married German women, the example of assimilation is close to the classical one - when a more highly cultured environment absorbs an individual!
        I disagree here.
        Blond hair and fair skin is a recessive trait of the genome, characteristic of closed ethnic groups. Of course, we are talking about the European type.
        1. 0
          6 January 2023 03: 22
          Blond hair and fair skin is a recessive trait of the genome, characteristic of closed ethnic groups. Of course, we are talking about the European type.

          Absolutely agree Anton!
          You just need to understand that a fairly wide group of peoples belongs to the European type of a person: from Germans, Balts and Slavs to Finno-Ugric ethnic groups, in particular Zyryans, Permians, Meshers and Maris.
    2. +1
      5 January 2023 09: 01
      Quote: Alex242
      judging by the portraits, the grandchildren of Hannibal completely Russified, at least little is left of their grandfather .....

      Usually, already in the third generation, external features change. It is strange that Pushkin retained some African features
      1. 0
        6 January 2023 03: 16
        Nature rests on children! laughing
        Only with cats everything is simple: tortoiseshell cats are always cats, and snow-white cats with blue eyes are deaf. Perhaps he messed up something.
        It's harder for people!
  3. -1
    5 January 2023 08: 26
    the main thing in Pushkin's heredity is not how he treated his Ethiopian roots, but the fact that ... Pushkin, a descendant of the Ethiopian, was not burdened by his Russianness.
    1. +4
      5 January 2023 08: 54
      the main thing in Pushkin's heredity is not how he treated his Ethiopian roots,
      good good good
      I totally agree with this!
      descendant of the Ethiopian Pushkin

      But it's hard not to argue with this.
      The Pushkins are an old noble family, even if we discard the "tales" of A.S. Pushkin about his ancestor who fought with Alexander Yaroslavovich Nevsky.
      Pushkin has very little of the Ethiopians ... and the question of blood and genes so beloved by many, Crocodiles, in a social society, and not in a pack of animals, is tertiary.
      Ah, the curly Ethiopian! So is Denis Davydov, however, not only he, Ermolov or Nikolai Raevsky, perhaps Ethiopians or Arabs, judging by the curls.
      1. +1
        6 January 2023 03: 38
        And if Edward approach from the other side?
        Trite, young Alexander Sergeevich, hinting at his "extraordinary" origin, achieved "reciprocity". Then he took this method into service, systematized it, summed up the scientific justification, with which he went down in history!
        There are two authors: Nabokov and, if I'm not mistaken, Lyadov, who "deciphered" the national Russian customs, folk life and social environment in the works of our "everyone". Very curious and informative, and most importantly original!!! "Russian spirit"!!!!
  4. +3
    5 January 2023 08: 54
    Many are sure that Abram Hannibal was a Negro

    All Pushkins are carriers of the Y-chromosomal haplogroup R1a. This means that Abram had nothing to do with blacks. And the dark skin color, curls and other external attributes of a Negroid are all acquired. Ethiopia/Eritrea are at the very crossroads between Asia, the Middle East and a little bit of Europe, where a woman can easily "catch" any haplogroup...

    But what mitochondrial (female) haplogroup the mother of this very Abram had, no matter how I tried to find it, I did not find it. This would be really interesting...
    1. +1
      5 January 2023 18: 32
      Luminman, in general, I agree with you, but you have to be mean: where did the information about the R1a halogroup come from?
      The average medical worker, which means in medicine, I understand superficially.
      The school had: 100% doctor-God, academics, they know medicine by 75%, an experienced doctor: 40-60%, a military nurse-30%, an ordinary one by 15-20.
      I was distracted.
      During the life of Pushkin and his children, they still did not know how to determine the halo group.
      Even now, 55% of physicians prefer not to bother with all halogroups.
      So I wouldn't be so sure
  5. +2
    5 January 2023 09: 25
    And about Zakomelsky under the guise of Hanibal - is it not from Dovlatov's "Reserve" for an hour? So Dovlatov himself is also a storyteller)))
    1. +4
      5 January 2023 09: 37
      It's like that. But the "Reserve" is a good thing.

      And, it even hurt that when I was in the Pushkin Mountains, the first associations from Dovlatov. And then from Pushkin.

      “This is such a sad fact, citizens” (c).
      1. +2
        5 January 2023 09: 50
        Quote from Korsar4
        This is a sad fact, folks.

        What’s more, I personally went there precisely “in Dovlatov’s places”, somehow Pushkin doesn’t give a damn to me with his bolivars
        1. +3
          5 January 2023 14: 46
          Pharmacy gardens led me to those places.
      2. VLR
        +4
        5 January 2023 09: 57
        Well, Dovlatov is still that "Pushkinist", with a smart look, he simply copied the works of real Pushkinists.
        The portrait in question has been known since the mid-1850s. For the first time, its reproduction appeared in the "Album of the Moscow Pushkin Exhibition of 1880" signed:
        "Abram Petrovich Hannibal?"
        Director of the Moscow Main Archive of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs F. A. Buhler wrote:
        The image of "an old man, very swarthy, in a red uniform, in St. Andrew's ribbon" ... "is considered a portrait of one of the Hannibals, the ancestors of A. S. Pushkin."
        In the album of the Moscow Pushkin exhibition in 1899, the portrait is signed:
        "Dubious" portrayal of A.P. Hannibal".
        In the first collected works of Pushkin, it is indicated that there is no "complete certainty" that A.P. Hannibal is depicted.
        It has been suggested that the portrait depicts I. I. Meller-Zakomelsky (the most common version), P. I. Olits, I. P. Saltykov, A. A. Prozorovsky Jr., I. V. Gudovich. There is no complete clarity despite three examinations conducted in the XNUMXth century.
  6. +3
    5 January 2023 09: 52
    Regarding the content of melanin in Pushkin's body, one can notice that the quadroon Alexander Dumas also bore little resemblance to his Haitian grandmother.
    1. +1
      5 January 2023 10: 55
      Quote: 3x3zsave
      quadroon Alexandre Dumas also bore little resemblance to his Haitian grandmother

      In France, and without "Haitian grandmothers" you can be born swarthy, brown-eyed and curly. A vivid example of this is P. Laval ...
  7. +4
    5 January 2023 14: 10
    This is our man, Rav Michael Finkel claims that Abraham Hannibal is also ours! The logic of his thought is as follows: the Muslims tried not to sell their own into slavery, which means that the African girl captured by the Arabs and Turks was not a Muslim. Upon bringing him to Rus', it was necessary to baptize him, that is, he was not of a Christian family, a tribe .. which means he was from a certain Arap tribe Falasha (dark-skinned converted to Judaism) a direct descendant of King Shlomo (Solomon, from the Queen of Sheba). And it all fits!
    This is where the grandiose talent and complex furious disposition of our everything comes from!)
    Again, the ancestor King David is one of the most famous and successful poets in the world!) The Psalms alone are worth something!
    1. +3
      5 January 2023 14: 53
      Shirley-Myrli gives a detailed answer to this topic.
  8. +4
    5 January 2023 14: 49
    Europeans often bought blacks from Arabs (Maghreb pirates). And therefore, in European countries, blacks were indeed often called araps.
    The situation is the same as with Indian numbers - they came to Europe through the Arabs, so they got the name Arabic, although these camel drivers have nothing to do with them.
  9. +4
    5 January 2023 17: 55
    Happy Holidays everyone! Just think about it: we talked last year.
    Missed you over the past year.
    Valery, I thought from school: Pushkin is some dubious Negro: too light, and then I decided - the ancestor is a mulatto. Like Main Reed: "Quadron"
    1. +3
      5 January 2023 19: 10
      Look into my eyes, Catherine. Blue eyes are worth a lot.
      1. +4
        5 January 2023 19: 30
        Look into my eyes, Catherine.


        "No, he doesn't have a deceitful look,
        His eyes don't lie
        They truthfully say
        That their owner is a rogue "(c) bully
        1. +1
          5 January 2023 19: 59
          “Two places,” Ostap said very quietly, “in the stalls.
          - To whom?
          - To me.
          “And who are you that I should give you places?”
          “But I still think you know me.
          - I don't know.
          But the stranger's gaze was so pure, so clear, that the administrator's hand itself gave Ostap two seats in the eleventh row. “There are all sorts of people,” said the administrator, shrugging his shoulders, “who knows who they are!” Maybe he is from the People's Commissariat of Education? I think I saw him in the People's Commissariat for Education. Where did I see him? And, mechanically handing out passes to happy theater and film critics, the quiet Yakov Menelaevich continued to remember where he had seen those clear eyes. When all the passes were issued and the light in the foyer was dimmed, Yakov Menelaevich remembered: he had seen those clear eyes, that confident look in the Taganka prison in 1922, when he himself was sitting there on a trifling matter.
      2. +2
        5 January 2023 20: 12
        Sergey, "Corsair" I am by nature, light brown, and for a long time I was: "gray-eyed" - cosmetic lenses. Some were ordered to live long, "and on others" the toad is strangling.
        Mothers don't care what color their daughter's eyes are. Husband is also satisfied
        1. +2
          5 January 2023 20: 37
          This, of course, is the most important thing.

          I will wake my daughter now
          I'll see her gray eyes.
  10. +2
    5 January 2023 18: 57
    "After all, even Peter I looks completely different in different portraits, and one can only guess which of the portraits is closer to the original." - But what is the question and what to guess? There is a lifetime and posthumous mask of Peter the Great. it is difficult to imagine something more reliable. There are several subtleties in these masks related to the peculiarities of their production, but these are precisely the subtleties that are not essential for a non-professional. And the famous bust, and the monument at the Engineer's Castle, and the Bronze Horseman, and Shemyakin's Peter the Great - all used these masks. Each of these sculptures has its own meaning and its own history, but the face is generally the same.
    1. +1
      5 January 2023 20: 16
      I found a "Peter's mask", but attach a picture ... Another child.
      Although Vera understands worse when changing
    2. VLR
      +1
      6 January 2023 02: 23
      If you do not peer into the face, it is difficult to recognize the ugly Shemyakin Peter I and the stately Peter I Falcone or from the portrait of Nikitin as one person. Artists and sculptors clearly idealized the appearance of the emperor, with the exception of Shemyakin, who obviously sculpted a caricature. But there is no objective "photographic" image of Peter I.
  11. +1
    5 January 2023 20: 42
    Valery that A. P in his "petition" was cunning - it's clear: the late sovereign loved me, spoiled me, and you, empress, don't push me away.
    How successful is slyness?
    Elizabeth had a whole staff of servants, there were also old nannies, given the female curiosity, she was still small, she could see him and hear about him
    So in his "petition" he needed to "turn like a snake" so that the facts coincide with those known to Elizabeth.
    From here the conclusion is: POSSIBLE, a petition to "play the public", so that the empress could give the Senate a biography. In that case, he wrote for the Senate?
    I have a premonition that Pushkin either felt a lie, or knew from others, but the "pedigree" in general terms and beautiful rhymes
    I do not exclude that Pushkin, for the sake of exoticism, could have fibbed in the pedigree.
  12. +1
    5 January 2023 22: 47
    The question is solved simply. Pushkin's descendants are still alive, from here you can make a genetic examination and it will become clear his origin.
    1. VLR
      +1
      6 January 2023 02: 16
      In an ideal world, this would be the case. And they would also establish exactly whether Peter III was the father of Paul I, and whether the descendants of Catherine II could be called Romanovs. And many more things could be installed. However, "normal heroes always go around".
  13. 0
    17 February 2023 14: 28
    Why is the topic not disclosed that Alexander Sergeevich suddenly became Pushkin, and not Ganibal, given that the topic of African origin was very fascinated by him ...
    There was once a story that, under the Rurikovich family, the Pushkin family was in charge of the court art depot, and when those living under Petrushka seized power in Rus', the name of the insidious boyarskrod, in mockery, migrated to the shoulders of the African foster child.

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