The fall of the Brunswick family

63
The fall of the Brunswick family
The arrest of the Brunswick family. German engraving from 1759

В previous article it was told about Anna Leopoldovna - the niece of Anna Ioannovna, the granddaughter of Ivan V. Today we will talk about the palace coup in favor of Elizabeth Petrovna and talk about the sad fate of the Braunschweig family.

Conspiracy


S. M. Solovyov stated:



"There was no creature less capable of being at the head of state administration than the kind Anna Leopoldovna."


Anna Leopoldovna in the portrait of H. Wortman after the original by Caravaque

The historian I. V. Kurukin, mentioned in the first article, wrote:

“Anna Leopoldovna could well have been an English queen, like her namesake, whose reign in 1702-1714. with the fierce struggle of the parties in a different, more stable political system, nothing threatened.

However, for the Russian ruler Anna, the situation was extremely alarming, and the cause of tension was her aunt, Elizaveta Petrovna, an extremely frivolous and narrow-minded person, and therefore, as it seemed, incapable of independent intrigue. The problem was that Elizabeth did not play a special role in the conspiracy: the enemies of Russia simply used her as a ram directed against the state.

In Sweden, which suffered a defeat in the Northern War, revanchist sentiments were growing at that time. Two parties fought for influence in the royal court. Supporters of the war were called "battle hats". They contemptuously called their opponents "nightcaps". In the end, the victory was won by the party of the war, which in 1742 dragged Sweden into the so-called "Russian war of hats" (hattarnas ryska krig), which took place on the territory of Finland and ended with the victory of Russia in 1743.

Entering this war, the Swedes demanded a revision of the terms of the Nystadt peace and the return of the Baltic lands. At the same time, they announced with a special manifesto that their state is defending the rights to the Russian throne of the daughter of Peter the Great - Elizabeth. And they accused the government of Anna Leopoldovna of "foreign oppression and inhuman tyranny ... of the Russian nation."

Directly in St. Petersburg at that time, the Swedish envoy Nolken and his allied French ambassador de Chétardie tried to conspire to enthrone Elizabeth, who had fallen into huge debts to them. Funding went through Chétardie, whose goal was the destruction of the Russian-Austrian alliance. The court physician of Elizabeth and the adventurer Lestok acted as a messenger.

On August 23, 1741, the Russian troops of Field Marshal Peter Lassi defeated the army of the Swedish General Wrangel, capturing him, 1 soldiers and 200 cannons, and also occupied the Wilmanstrandt fortress. M. V. Lomonosov responded to this victory with an ode addressed to Anna Leopoldovna:

"Hope, light, cover, goddess over a fifth of the whole earth."

It was much more difficult to deal with the fifth column in St. Petersburg. Due to the resignation of the popular Field Marshal Munnich, one of the levers of influence on the guard was lost. However, even without that there were people who informed the ruler about the ripening conspiracy. And the incoming information was quite enough to eliminate the threat, without even giving the conspirators the opportunity to speak.

However, the inexperienced and naive Anna did not believe the reports of Elizabeth's deceit, which came to her one after another. She did not even believe her beloved man, Moritz Linar, who strongly advised sending Elizabeth to a monastery and expelling Shetardie from the country. Nor did she listen to Osterman's advice. Ignored the desperate warnings of the Austrian envoy Marquis de Botta:

“You are on the edge of an abyss. For God's sake, save yourself, save the emperor."

Finally, she forbade her husband, the Generalissimo, even to set up pickets in the streets, saying that she did not see any threat. On the eve of the coup, Chief Marshal Reinhold Gustav Löwenwolde, loyal to her, handed over a note with a warning. After reading it, she coldly said:

“Ask Count Lowenwolde if he has gone mad? All this is empty gossip, I myself know better than anyone that we have nothing to fear from princesses.

Anna nevertheless spoke with Elizabeth, but in such a way that it only aggravated the situation and provoked the conspirators into immediate action.

On November 23, 1741, the ruler showed Elizabeth a letter from a Russian agent in Silesia with a detailed account of the conspiracy surrounded by Elizabeth and the role that Lestok played in it.


G.K. Groot. Portrait of Johann Hermann Lestock

Elizabeth managed to convince Anna of her innocence, but now it became clear to both the princess and Lestocq, who actually controlled her, that the conspiracy had actually been discovered, and the danger to them was extremely great.

And then, fortunately for them, right the next day (November 24, 1741), the guards regiments of St. Petersburg received an order to prepare for a speech in Finland. These were no longer those veterans of Peter I who fought at Poltava. Since the time of Catherine I, the Life Guards has rapidly degraded and decomposed, being engaged in the capital mainly in revelry and debauchery.

Not only officers, but also ordinary soldiers rarely came to the service sober, and instead of military exercises they played cards. The guardsmen did not want to fight and were not going to leave the cozy metropolitan brothels and cheerful taverns of St. Petersburg. And the entire first company of the Preobrazhensky Regiment had long been fed by Elizabeth with Swedish and French money. It was these soldiers and officers who would later become notorious in St. Petersburg as eternally drunk, constantly and everywhere making scandals, but remaining unpunished life-companies.


Officer of the Life Company in cavalry attire. Engraving. 1742–1762

Only Peter III will save the capital from their excesses, by order of which these dissolute Praetorians will be sent to the villages presented to them by Elizabeth.

It didn’t take long to persuade the future life-companies: only 308 Preobrazhensky decided the fate of Russia, capturing the young legitimate emperor and arresting his parents.

You probably remember that the enemies reproached Empress Anna Ioannovna for being overweight. In November 1741, 32-year-old Elizabeth was so fat that she could not walk quickly, and the Preobrazhenians had to carry her in their arms.


Elizabeth in a portrait by an unknown artist

In front of the arrested ruler and her husband, she took the baby emperor in her arms and pompously said:

“Poor child! You are completely innocent: your parents are to blame.

Interesting in what? The fact that they didn’t send her to a fortress or a distant monastery in time?
With the 4-month-old sister of the emperor Catherine, the drunken soldiers managed even worse, simply by throwing her to the floor. Having hit her head, the girl permanently lost her hearing and spoke with difficulty.

This is how the “merry Elizabeth” came to power and, expressing the general opinion, the Saxon envoy Petzold said:

"All Russians admit that they can do anything with a certain number of grenadiers at their disposal, a cellar with vodka and a few bags of gold."

Way of the Cross of the Brunswick family



Anna Leopoldovna in the portrait of I. Vishnyakov. By order of Elizabeth, the artist "dressed" her in a home dress and painted over the image of the baby Ivan Antonovich

Having seized power, Elizabeth began to think about what to do with her captives. At first, she decided to send this family abroad. They even reached Riga, where Anton Ulrich met his former adjutant, Baron Karl Hieronymus von Munchausen (the same one), who was now the captain of the first company of the Brunswick Cuirassier Regiment.

However, later, Elizabeth, apparently, was explained that she was just a usurper of the throne with a living and absolutely legitimate baby emperor, who, under certain circumstances, could still triumphantly return to the throne.

Extraordinary measures were taken to destroy any mention of the unfortunate emperor in historical documents, seized and destroyed books, texts of decrees and manifestos, where his name was mentioned, even one of Lomonosov's odes was banned. Coins with the image of Ivan Antonovich were initially required by the authorities to be handed over for exchange at face value, and since 1745 their possession was considered a crime.


Silver ruble of John VI, 1741

The period of the reign of John Antonovich was now ordered to be called "the reign of the former Duke of Courland and Princess Anna of Brunswick-Luneburg."
Until 1744, the Brunschweig family lived in the Dinamunde fortress.


Dinamind fort in the atlas of Russian fortresses, 1830

After the discovery of the Lopukhins' conspiracy (by the way, the main action of the series "Midshipmen, Forward" begins from this episode), the deposed ruler and members of her family were sent away from the border - to the city of Oranienburg, Ryazan province (now Chaplygin, Lipetsk region). And from there it was completely turned to the north - to Kholmogory. The captives were taken to the former bishop's house, surrounded by a high fence, around which watchmen were posted in order to prevent contact of the Brunswickers with the outside world.


Kholmogory prison (possibly a drawing of Princess Ekaterina Antonovna, whom the drunken guards of Elizabeth threw to the floor when her parents were arrested)

By order of Elizabeth, Anna Leopoldovna took the oath not only for herself, but for all her children:

“I promise and swear by Almighty God… that I want and owe her Imperial Majesty to her true and natural great sovereign Empress Elisaveta Petrovna… to be a faithful, kind and obedient slave and subject.”

The terrible fate of Ivan Antonovich


The eldest son of Anna Leopoldovna and Anton Ulrich, Emperor John, faced the terrible fate of an unknown prisoner, forever locked in a stone cell.

Initially, the young emperor was kept in the same house as his parents, but they did not even know about it.

John spent the last 8 years of his life (from 1756 to 1764) in solitary confinement at the Shlisselburg Fortress, where Peter III and Catherine II visited him incognito.

The meeting of the two emperors took place on March 22, 1762.


F. Burov. “Prisoner of Shlisselburg” (“Emperor Peter III visits Ivan Antonovich in the Shlisselburg fortress incognito”). 1885

Peter III saw a quite neat, tall and strong young man who, contrary to the strictest orders, learned to read and write, and knew about his origin. He even remembered the name of the officer who accompanied his family from Oranienburg to Kholmogory - Korf (who, by the way, being the chief police chief of St. Petersburg, was present at this conversation. And who became one of the participants in the conspiracy against Peter III). The British envoy later, referring to information from witnesses of the conversation between the two emperors, reported to London that the prisoner said:

“Sovereign John has long been taken to heaven, but he wants to keep the claims of the person whose name he bears.”

The Ambassador of Austria also received information about this conversation, in his interpretation of the words of John Antonovich are as follows:

“Ivan is no longer alive; he also knows about this prince that if this prince were to come into the world again, he would not renounce his rights.

In addition, John allegedly stated that if he returned to the throne, he would order the execution of Elizabeth (whose death he did not know about), and he would send the grand ducal couple out of the country (according to another version, he would also execute him).

Peter III was dissatisfied with the answers of the prisoner, but ordered to equip a more comfortable room in the Shlisselburg fortress - and this order greatly frightened Catherine, who decided that the new cell was being prepared just for her.

After seizing power, Catherine also visited John VI. After meeting with him, she ordered that the conditions of his detention be tightened and that the prisoner should be killed if anyone tried to free him. And on July 5, 1764, Emperor John VI was killed by his jailers during an attempt to free him, which was undertaken by Lieutenant V. Ya. Mirovich.


I. Tvorozhnikov. Mirovich at the body of Ivan Antonovich

Some believe that Mirovich was skillfully provoked by Catherine II and her entourage, who dreamed of getting rid of the legitimate emperor, but did not dare to give an official order to punish him.

The sad fate of Anna Leopoldovna, Anton Ulrich and their children


Meanwhile, in Kholmogory, Anna Leopoldovna gave birth to three more children - a daughter, Elizabeth (1743), and two sons, Peter (1745) and Alexei (1746). From the last birth, she never recovered, and died of "fire" (puerperal fever) at the 28th year of her life - March 7, 1746.

Fearing the appearance of impostors (False Ann), Elizabeth ordered that the body of the former ruler be brought to St. Petersburg and solemnly buried in the Annunciation Church of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra. Her husband, Anton Ulrich, became blind in exile and died in Kholmogory in 1774. Only in 1780, already under Catherine II, after 36 years spent in exile, the surviving children of this couple were sent to Denmark.

It is curious that they themselves no longer wanted to leave, since they were Orthodox and did not know foreign languages. All were survived by the deaf Princess Catherine, who died only in 1807.
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63 comments
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  1. +4
    23 December 2022 04: 18
    Ioann Antonovich was always sorry.

    Only one thing confidently comes to mind - what, in fact, was S. M. Solovyov wrong about?
    1. -23
      23 December 2022 04: 42
      isn't it time to create a separate branch, parallel, where is it all? whoever needs it, go, otherwise, you go to the VO, it seems to find out the situation, and here you are Shpakovsky, Ryzhov ... yes, blow into the historical club. "military pancake Review". it seems only R. Skomorokhov, takes the rap for everyone, the rest are "mummers". the whole country has problems, and here they are ... the problems of the knights damn it ... Shpakovsky ... go ... to a separate structure.an
      no, drooling .. ah comrade Shpakovsky, let's ischo! yes, in another place, let's, it's clear here, "plot", but maybe "fuck" conscience?
      The Renaissance and the Decay of the Western World
      Samsonov ... separately, let's talk about Catholic pedophiles. well, Military Review !!!
      1. +14
        23 December 2022 05: 23
        Old grandfather, dear, in my opinion, you really are not here, dear. This, apparently, is for you Ernst on Channel 1 for several months in a row arranged a show of freaks who were grinding their tongues about nothing, making stupid conclusions and giving unreasonable forecasts. Now even they are tired and you, having lost your usual chewing gum, have come here. And here, what a disappointment - a real story!
      2. +17
        23 December 2022 06: 57
        This section is called "History" if you haven't noticed.
        And what do you mean, not enough News, Opinions and Analysts to breed a canoe? So you got the wrong door.
        1. +14
          23 December 2022 07: 14
          As predicted in one private conversation with the "Trilobite Master", the infestation of "war hamsters" in the "History" section will increase as the duration of the hostilities increases. When and if these actions end, all this illiterate Caudle will rush like a tsunami.
          Hi Uncle Kostya!
          1. +9
            23 December 2022 07: 45
            Hello Anton! smile

            and if these actions end,


            This is what annoys me the most. Brewing porridge is a simple matter, but disentangling this brew ...
          2. +5
            23 December 2022 16: 44
            My respect, Anton.
            Quote: 3x3zsave
            illiterate Caudle will rush like a tsunami

            Do you think it's starting? It's still early, it seems...
            But here it is:
            Quote: Dead Day
            isn't it time to create a separate branch, parallel, where is it all?

            I was just touched...
            So here it is - a separate branch and is where "that's all." This is where we go. laughing
            I'll put my own minus to the grandfather - a trifle, but nice. smile
            By the way, is it not old Biden - he tried to go to "Gosuslugi", but ended up here? .. A suitable nickname ... smile
            1. +1
              23 December 2022 21: 49
              Do you think it's starting? It's still early, it seems...
              No, that's it... Sentient cacti evolve into predatory tomatoes. However...
              "We, too, will not be overly tactful,
              On our thorny path! "(C)
              Hi Michael!
    2. VLR
      +14
      23 December 2022 05: 46
      Solovyov, of course, is right. Politics is a dirty business (no quotes). I went into politics - be ready to deceive your "partners" and suspect everyone of wanting to deceive you. Even Lysander, the famous Spartan commander, said:
      "Where a lion's skin does not fit, you need to hem it with a fox."

      And:
      "Children are deceived while playing money, and adults are deceived by swearing."

      Probably everyone knows about this, except for Lavrov and Putin, who seriously thought that they were not negotiating with cheaters.
      By the way, when she came to power, Elizaveta Petrovna played the role of Merkel, cynically sending the Swedes who financed her to hell, for which she should be thanked.
      By the way, more about Lysander, he also said:
      "Whoever has a sword in his hands, he talks better about borders."

      Since then, nothing has changed. Whoever has a larger and sharper sword will, at the final negotiations, draw a border for them on the map. And modern Talleyrans will find the necessary formulations and clothe everything in decent verbal formulas.
      1. +8
        23 December 2022 06: 06
        Here, Valery, it is difficult to disagree with you.

        The formula is not very good: "Do not believe, do not be afraid, do not ask." But she works too often.
    3. +9
      23 December 2022 06: 49
      Good morning Sergey. smile

      Ioann Antonovich was always sorry.


      Yes, it’s a pity, I didn’t see the light of God, and I’m guilty without guilt.



      Although, if he got to power, it is still unknown what kind of ruler he would be. request
      1. VLR
        +10
        23 December 2022 06: 54
        Considering that in such terrible
        conditions, from early childhood practically without communicating with anyone and being in a complete information vacuum, Ioann Antonovich did not run wild, turning into an animal, he was neat and kept order in the cell, even somehow learned to read and write, it should be recognized that the makings he had good ones. Everything would depend on education.
        1. +6
          23 December 2022 07: 49
          Emperor John VI was killed by his jailers during an attempt to release, which was undertaken by Lieutenant V. Ya. Mirovich.

          Valery hi , but it is possible about this lieutenant in more detail - who, what, why and how he finished.
          1. +9
            23 December 2022 08: 06
            They quartered him on Sytninskaya Square for attempting a coup.
            By the way, it was Sytninskaya Square on the Petrograd side, and not Petropavlovka, contrary to a common misconception, that was the place of public executions.
            1. +7
              23 December 2022 08: 25
              It is a pity that the peasant was not lucky, but the history of the country could have gone completely differently. smile
              1. +8
                23 December 2022 09: 29
                Hello, Uncle Kostya.
                Quote: Sea Cat
                the history of the country could have gone very differently.

                You say that like you know exactly what would be better. smile
                There were always enough enemies. In real history, we defeated them all, but it could have been different. smile
                1. +6
                  23 December 2022 09: 52
                  Michael, I wanted to add about the misfortune of John. After the coup of 1762, when Peter surrendered and was sent to Ropsha, Catherine ordered to prepare apartments in Shlisselburg for him. As a result, it was ordered to transport John to the Kexholm fortress (now the city of Priozersk). Transported by water. A storm broke out on Ladoga, and the boat was thrown ashore near the village of Morye. The prisoner, with the guard accompanying him, led by the general, spent several days on the shore until news of the death of Peter was received, and the corresponding order was received to return John back to Oreshek. hi
                  1. +8
                    23 December 2022 10: 53
                    Yes, I remember this story... smile
                    Then Maurier was quite a large village, occupied the entire cape. I don’t remember exactly when, but even at one time a porcelain factory and a cardboard factory functioned there, from which traces of dams remained in the riverbed.
                    Morier Bay is also known for the fact that at its bottom lies the bow of the famous ship - the destroyer "Siberian Strelok", later - the patrol ship "Designer", later - a gunboat.
                    "Siberian shooter" was Kolchak's flagship in World War I.
                    In the Great Patriotic War he fought under the name "Designer" was the flagship of the Ladoga military flotilla. In November 1941, he was engaged in the evacuation of people from Leningrad, was carrying several hundred people, when an air bomb hit him and tore off his nose. The people who did not die were removed, and the ship itself was towed to Osinovets and repaired, but the severed bow remained at the bottom.
                    She was found in 2012.
                    In the village there is a mass grave of those who died during that flight, only the photo is not loaded.
                    1. +7
                      23 December 2022 11: 02
                      "Siberian shooter" was Kolchak's flagship in World War I.

                      Yes, there were four destroyers of the same type (initially - mine cruisers) - "Hunter", "Border Guard", "Siberian Shooter" and "General Kondratenko".
                      I don’t remember exactly when, but even at one time a porcelain factory and a cardboard factory functioned there, from which traces of dams remained in the riverbed.

                      Such small factories were the norm...
                      By the way, I have never been to Osinovets. And in the Korela fortress.
                      1. +6
                        23 December 2022 11: 33
                        I haven't been to Osinovets for fifteen years. smile
                        So much has changed there since then ... It will be necessary to lather there in the summer. Or not, better in May. The main thing is that the weather is normal. smile
                2. +1
                  23 December 2022 23: 13
                  Hi, Misha. smile

                  I'm not saying that it would be better, I'm talking about what could have been completely different, including much worse.
                  . In real history, we defeated them all,

                  But they didn’t manage to defeat themselves, as they were, they remained so. laughing
                  1. +1
                    24 December 2022 13: 32
                    Quote: Sea Cat
                    did not win themselves

                    But you must? smile
                    Maybe it's better to be yourself? smile
                    1. +1
                      24 December 2022 14: 43
                      Maybe it's better to be yourself?


                      In some circumstances, it harms not so much others as it harms oneself. request
            2. +8
              23 December 2022 08: 31
              In Petropavlovka, the imprisoned could not stand the prison conditions and died before the verdict. Those who managed to leave the walls of the citadel, then for the rest of their lives with a shudder recalled their stay in it. It is worth remembering Volynsky, whose tongue was torn out in Petropavlovka, and even executed on Sytnaya. But on the Sytny market, where executions were regularly carried out, they talked for a long time about the ghosts of the cabinet minister and executed confidants. They say that they still appear, especially during government unrest... Didn't you see it? smile
              1. +5
                23 December 2022 09: 21
                TVM now Sytny market, what kind of ghosts are there ...)))
                1. +7
                  23 December 2022 09: 30
                  So I’m talking about the market ... In the 90s, during well-known events .. there were rumors .. I lived on Petrogradskaya, they discussed it in the bathhouse on Levashevsky .. smile
                  1. +4
                    23 December 2022 10: 04
                    And I was in the second half of the nineties on Gatchina.
                    1. +4
                      23 December 2022 10: 13
                      Almost nearby, on Popova lived, where LDM ..
          2. +3
            23 December 2022 08: 14
            As a teenager, I read the book by G. P. Danilevsky "Mirovich". I quite liked it.
          3. +6
            23 December 2022 09: 45
            Valery hi, can you tell me more about this lieutenant - who, what, why and how he finished.

            Hello everyone, I love ballet! drinks
            The most stupid conspiracy in history, perhaps. Most of all, the skirmish itself in Shlisselburg between the guard guarding John and the soldiers raised by Mirovich was stupid. wassat Both sides were so unwilling to fight that there were no dead or even seriously injured among the skirmishers. laughing Finally, Mirovich got tired of this, and he ordered the cannon to be rolled up. am The guard immediately surrendered, and the jailers Vlasyev and Chekin still killed the former emperor ... recourse
            1. VLR
              +8
              23 December 2022 10: 04
              In general, it looks like a provocation. Razumovsky, a participant in a conspiracy against Peter III, advises Mirovich to "grab luck by the forelock" and the second lieutenant is periodically put on duty in the Shlisselburg fortress. Mirovich receives a bunch of top-secret information, but does not know the main thing: Emperor John will be killed while trying to free him. The guards only feign resistance and surrender as soon as they receive the news that John is already dead. A lot of suspicious.
              1. +7
                23 December 2022 10: 40
                The guards only feign resistance and surrender as soon as they receive the news that John is already dead.

                And even the commandant does not offer any resistance initially ... what There is really a lot of suspicion, although in the article you are more categorical. But we cannot speak directly about the fact that the murder of John was planned "from above", because there is no direct evidence - only indirect.
                Razumovsky, a participant in a conspiracy against Peter III, advises Mirovich to "grab luck by the forelock"

                Mirovich, in some ways, was not lucky with his parents (as well as John). Grandfather was a supporter of Mazepa, papa was also not distinguished by loyalty to the regime. Their fortune was confiscated, the family itself was exiled to Tobolsk, but the young man was later allowed to become an officer.
                Oleg Ivanov analyzed the plot in detail (including various rumors and conjectures). At one time, Mirovich was subordinate to Pyotr Ivanovich Panin. And even masterfully asked him for help (including financial), but at the same time he drank himself and gambled.
                Therefore, "grabbing luck by the forelock" - acted on his shattered psyche, as an opportunity for the best social elevator in history.
                Mirovich himself later said otherwise. And there may have been several instigators ...
                Again, we are dealing with conspiracy theories, but the same Ivanov comes to the conclusion that the conspiracy was planned by Nikita Panin, who pursued his own goals.
                This book is highly recommended for lovers of XNUMXth century history. hi . A large selection of materials, although the author's conclusions can sometimes be questionable.

            2. +1
              23 December 2022 23: 21
              Cole, thanks for the story. Somehow this whole story resembles a sad anecdote with a sad ending. request sad
      2. +4
        23 December 2022 06: 55
        Good morning, Constantine!

        Of course. Here is just guessing. And the subjunctive mood, as is well known, does not exist.

        Ah, if only, oh, if only there were not life, but a song,
        Ah, if only, oh, if only there were not life, but a song...
  2. +11
    23 December 2022 07: 04
    The Romanovs - the Holstein-Gottorpps, killed the Romanovs - the Braunschweigs in Kholmogory .. Moreover, the Braunschweigs, judging by the article, did not have time to do anything bad .. You can say innocent, starved and murdered .. You can also count them as saints .. Or on kraynyak, to Ivan Antonovich, a bust in Petropavlovka, a monument to the family in Kholmogory ..
    1. VLR
      +14
      23 December 2022 07: 07
      Yes, if one of the Russian tsars is declared holy martyrs, then the innocent John Antonovich and Fyodor Borisovich Godunov. But by no means did Nicholas II and his hysterical wife destroy the Russian Empire.
      1. +4
        23 December 2022 07: 11
        The Godunov family got it. A rather modest burial in the Trinity-Sergius Lavra. And how speaking.
      2. +11
        23 December 2022 07: 18
        The Romanovs, sat on the throne, smeared in blood, at the throne, in their own blood, and died .. In the basement of the Ipatiev House, Holstein-Gottorppam, suffering and death, Braunschweigs poured out ..
        1. VLR
          +8
          23 December 2022 07: 21
          Yes, despite the repressions, folk tradition preserved the curse of the Romanovs by Marina Mniszek:
          "You began your reign with the death of an innocent child, and you will end it with the death of children."
          1. +4
            23 December 2022 07: 46
            In extreme situations, the strangest people can speak prophecies. Especially when, after centuries, there is room for interpretation.
            1. +5
              23 December 2022 07: 58
              Traditions, tenacious. Like, for example, the famous phrase of Galileo: "But still it spins!"
          2. +2
            23 December 2022 22: 42
            Quote: VlR
            "You began your reign with the death of an innocent child, and you will end it with the death of children."

            The Romanovs began their reign by hanging a 3-year-old child, the son of Marina Mnishek (the son of either False Dmitry II, or Ivan Zarutsky), Ivan Dmitrievich (Vorenok), ended in the basement of the Ipatiev House with the death of the entire Nikolashka family - Tsarskoye Selo Gopher, Colonel Romanov, but not the "Last Russian Emperor"! It is only this deceitful government and the deceitful Russian Orthodox Church that can shed crocodile tears for this slug and this dynasty .... This is disgusting, that's all!... negative
            1. 0
              25 January 2023 16: 06
              The Pole deserved to be hanged; seven times a red-hot oven.
        2. +2
          23 December 2022 09: 29
          Quote: parusnik
          The Romanovs, sat on the throne, smeared in blood, at the throne, in their own blood, and died .. In the basement of the Ipatiev House, Holstein-Gottorppam, suffering and death, Braunschweigs poured out ..

          There is one sinister feature here, that's right, sinister.
          The reign of the Romanovs began with Ipatiev monastery, but ended, as you correctly noted - Ipatievsky basement.
          And, there is no coincidence here, as such - the Ipatiev House did not exist, the name was introduced artificially, in fact, shortly before the murder of the Royal Family.
          That is, Ipatiev was an engineer, he was the owner of the house and there was a basement where they dealt with people, but for the time being, the indicated house was not called that, but at the moment when ........that very night Belshazzar was killed by his servants......, the house officially had a name, as Ipatiev.
      3. 0
        23 December 2022 09: 13
        Quote: VlR
        and his hysterical wife.

        I didn’t want to get involved, but I was interested - for what reason did they indicate that Alexandra Fedorovna was a hysteric? She was a calm and level-headed woman.
        1. VLR
          +6
          23 December 2022 09: 20
          Wasn't hysterical? And then what is it?
          The maid of honor and a close friend of the Empress Anna Vyrubova recalled that Alexandra Feodorovna's hands often turned blue, and she began to choke. She did not have any serious illnesses.
          And here is how the Minister of Public Education Ivan Tolstoy recalls Tsaritsa Alexandra:
          "The young empress in a chair, in a haggard pose, all red as a peony, with almost crazy eyes."
          1. 0
            23 December 2022 09: 40
            Quote: VlR
            And here is how the Minister of Education Ivan Tolstoy recalls Tsaritsa Alexandra

            The authority, perhaps, I read about him, was also found - Newton's binomial, as one literary hero said.
            1. VLR
              +3
              23 December 2022 10: 30
              These are not isolated pieces of evidence. Even the daughters of Alexandra in public made remarks to their mother, who did not know how to behave in society. They were well brought up, unlike the spoiled Tsarevich Alexei.
              1. 0
                23 December 2022 10: 38
                Quote: VlR
                Even the daughters of Alexandra in public made remarks to their mother, who did not know how to behave in society. They were well brought up

                If a daughter or son is brought up, they will never make a remark to their mother or father, all the more in public, this is stupid.
                For such things, you can get on the forehead.
                1. The comment was deleted.
  3. +5
    23 December 2022 08: 10
    if we talk about the juvenile heirs of the Russian throne who were sitting in the casemates of fortresses in the form of prisoners, then in relation to them mercy is a "priest's word", as Captain Zheglov once called mercy. Perhaps this is how History extended the life of the Empire. What if Ioann Antonovich had become Emperor, he would have become the gravedigger of the Empire, and not Nicholas II, and the Empire would have collapsed a hundred and fifty years earlier. But it's all subjunctive...
    By the way, many feel sorry for the spineless Indian henpecked Nicholas II ...
    1. VLR
      +5
      23 December 2022 08: 29
      Perhaps this is how History extended the life of the Empire

      Yes, it so well extended that during the reign of Catherine II, the son of Field Marshal Munnich said the famous phrase that is attributed to his father:
      "Russia is directly controlled by the Lord God - otherwise it is impossible to understand how it could exist at all!"

      smile
  4. +5
    23 December 2022 11: 02
    An interesting moment Russia is at war with Sweden, the Swedes demand to transfer the Russian throne to Merry Elizabeth, and Anna Leopoldovna declares "I do not believe"!
    In general, the ruler lacked even a fraction of the suspicion of her aunt Anna Ivanovna.
    The finale is natural, in fact, Anna Leopoldovna did everything for the success of the conspiracy.
    1. +3
      23 December 2022 12: 11
      the Swedes demand to transfer the Russian throne to Merry Elizabeth, and Anna Leopoldovna declares "I do not believe"

      Moreover, already after the accession of Elizabeth, and after the future Peter III was brought to St. Petersburg, the Swedes (during the war!) sent their representatives to offer him the crown of Sweden! Apparently it was an act of courtesy. feel Naturally, nothing came of the delegation, and the crown went to his fat uncle, Adolf-Friedrich, who would later die from overeating, already under the name of Adolf Fredrik. fellow
      1. VLR
        +2
        23 December 2022 12: 52
        This, by the way, is a vivid evidence of slander against this young man, who later became known as Peter III. Catherine II and her accomplices portray him as a degenerate and an alcoholic, and Europeans see a well-educated young man who knew German, French, English, Italian, Latin, and who had already learned Russian in Russia and even a good musician. The Swedes wanted Karl Peter Ulrich so much that they brought him to Russia under a false name - they were afraid that they would seize him by force. Elizabeth met her nephew, appreciated his character. It's bad - that's a great reason to get rid of it, slip it to the Swedes. But, having learned that he was elected king of Sweden and the Swedish delegation is going to St. Petersburg to take him to Stockholm, Elizabeth sharply intensifies her efforts: her nephew is urgently converted to Orthodoxy and proclaimed heir to the throne. But the Swedes want Karl Peter Ulrich as king so much that they wait 9 months after that - until he personally wrote an official refusal. Here is such a serious struggle unfolded for this teenager. But he, like Anna Leopoldovna, turned out to be unsuitable as a monarch - he was too condescending and gentle and trusted people too much.
        1. +3
          23 December 2022 16: 14
          Quote: VlR
          He's bad - that's a great reason to get rid of him, slip the Swedes.

          And to whom should the throne be given?
          Not the overthrown Ivan Antonovich.
          There were two competing branches of the Romanovs, Petrovskaya and Ivanovskaya. Moreover, Ivanovskaya is initially more legitimate. For Ivan is the elder brother and his daughters were born in a legal marriage. But this story with an oath to the fact that she will be born (or not be born) from a still unmarried and rather young niece ... Anna Ioannovna did it not from a great mind.
      2. +4
        23 December 2022 13: 36
        Quote: Pane Kohanku
        and the crown went to his fat uncle - Adolf-Friedrich, who would later die from overeating

        It became interesting how you can die like that, that's what I read, I quote: the dinner that the king ate - delicious lobsters and caviar, the most delicate zucchini soup with slices of juicy veal fried in butter, then sauerkraut with frozen lingonberries, smoked Baltic herring (each dish washed down with champagne) The king ate, but dessert was brought in and he ate 14 (fourteen) delicious buns filled with milk and almond cream and decorated with cream. These buns ruined him.
        The general opinion of the king's inner circle was as follows: This death befitted not the sovereign, but the village priest.
        1. +5
          23 December 2022 13: 43
          Gluttonous village priests in Sweden laughing
  5. +1
    23 December 2022 12: 38
    The Brunswick family has fallen. Sausage - left!
  6. The comment was deleted.
  7. +1
    23 December 2022 15: 03
    In 2008-2011, a story unfolded when, during the demolition of a water tower in Kholmogory, not far from the bishop's house, in a pine coffin made of Karelian pine planks of the 18th century, 40 mm thick, the remains of a young man were discovered. By growth, by injuries, it was suggested that the remains belong to Ivan Antonovich. They were going to do a genetic examination, but everything somehow stalled. Nearby, the remains of about 70 people were found. Known. that the Old Believer schismatics were kept as in prison in the bishop's house, it is possible that they were secretly buried in the yard ...
    1. +7
      23 December 2022 15: 27
      By growth, by injuries, it was suggested that the remains belong to Ivan Antonovich. They were going to do a genetic examination, but everything somehow stalled.

      It would be interesting to look at the genetic examination of the remains of the elder Fyodor Kuzmich. But no one will go for it! Neither the authorities, nor the "heads of the historical apparatus", but the pseudo-Romanovs will squeal like that in general, like pigs. wassat Because no one benefits! bully
  8. +1
    23 December 2022 22: 52
    Of course, I am not an expert on the era of palace coups of the XNUMXth century, but to reduce all the ups and downs of Elizabeth Petrovna’s accession to the throne to drunken Preobrazhenians and Swedish money strongly smacks of a primitive interpretation of this historical process.
  9. -2
    24 December 2022 08: 15
    The author of the article deserved a red-hot furnace seven times, like Judas from the tribe of Iscariot.
  10. 0
    18 February 2023 07: 33
    The surname is for slaves. Holsteins, Braunschweins - dynasties. Silver coin on it is written John the Third. This is Karamzin's gross mistake in the numbering of the kings. What is missing is a brief description of the branch of the dynasty with a coat of arms and a flag. The flag of the Brunswick dynasty is the same as the Ukrainian one.

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