“I don’t want interesting profit from the enemies of Christ”

Ceremonial portrait of Elizabeth Petrovna by Charles van Loo

Jews in Russia

Jewish communities on the coast of the Caucasus and the Northern Black Sea region appeared in the era of Scythia and the Greek states. In particular, the descendants of the Jews who went into exile during the Assyrian and Babylonian captivity lived in the Bosporan kingdom (present-day Crimea and Taman).

Then Jews moved north from Byzantium and the Arab Caliphate. They began to play a leading role in the Khazar Khaganate, which controlled the trade routes between Asia and Europe. Jewish merchants, the Rahdonites, dominated the slave trade. During the same period, Jewish communities settled in Kyiv, Chernigov and Vladimir-Volynsky. According to a number of researchers, Jewish usurers and merchants had especially strong positions in Kyiv.

The great Russian prince Svyatoslav Igorevich defeated the Khazar Khaganate (How Svyatoslav squads defeated the state of the Khazars), which parasitized on human trafficking and controlled the mouths of the Volga and Don. The Jews lost their military power, but still lived in the Black Sea region, retained significant financial and economic positions in the region. They were engaged in trade and usury in the southern Russian cities and in the Crimea. In the Crimea, they participated in the ethnogenesis of the Crimean Tatars, passing on to them the traditional craft - catching and selling people.

In European states, Jews were regularly subjected to repressions and expelled, which was due to both religious reasons (Christianity against Judaism) and economic ones, when the locals did not like the speed and thoroughness of the seizure of leading economic positions by the Jews. Rulers often initially maintained good relations with the Jewish communities, using them as their "wallet". But, when the pressure of society became strong, or the debt was unbearable, anti-Semitic laws were issued.

A similar situation was in Rus'. Some Kievan princes and their administrations pandered to usurers (the forerunners of the bankers). The usurious activity of the Jews became the prerequisite for a number of uprisings, in particular, in Kyiv during the period of Vladimir Monomakh. People were driven into bondage with unbearable interest, and then sold into slavery along with their families. Having put things in order in Kyiv, Prince Vladimir Monomakh limited the activities of usurers (the Charter on cuts), easing the plight of ordinary people.

The Russian historian Vasily Tatishchev, who had access to sources that did not reach our time (or were hidden), reported that Vladimir Monomakh convened a princely congress at Vybochich. Council decided

“Now, from all the Russian land, send all the Jews with all their property and continue not to let them in; and if they enter secretly, they are free to rob and kill.

Jewish communities were expelled. True, it is known that the law did not fully operate. After the death of Monomakh, Jews visited Rus', especially in the Kiev region, our country was visited by Jewish merchants.

But in general, the financial, economic and religious activities of the Jews on Russian soil were severely limited. Jews began to settle in Lithuanian Rus and Poland when they were expelled from the countries of Western Europe. Jewish merchants from Poland and Lithuania came to the territory of Rus' only temporarily on trade matters. Moscow grand dukes and tsars did not allow Jews to settle in their lands. So, Ivan the Terrible forbade any stay of Jews in the Russian kingdom.

Zhidovsky gate connecting the city of Yaroslav and Kopyrev end. Fragment of a diorama in the National Museum stories Ukraine

Empress Elizabeth confirms the prohibitions of the Moscow Grand Dukes and Tsars

The government of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich expelled Jewish communities from the liberated cities of White and Lithuanian Rus'. In annexed Little Russia (Russian Ukraine), Jews were also deprived of the right to permanent residence. In fact, it was only to their advantage. Since the Cossacks and peasants during the anti-Polish uprisings massacred primarily the gentry and Jews, their families. Under the pans, the Jews played the role of managers who sucked all the juice out of the working population. Plus, another activity hated by people is moneylenders.

In Moscow itself there were Jews who had converted to Orthodoxy (conversions). They lived in the Meshchanskaya and Foreign settlements. Under Tsar Peter I, some Jewish converts, for example, Peter Shafirov, held high positions in the state. But Peter still refused the requests of Jewish merchants to enter Russia. De facto Jews already lived in the Russian state, in the western border lands, in Little Russia.

After the death of Peter I on April 20, 1727, Empress Catherine I issued a decree on the expulsion of all Jews from the Russian Empire (Great Russian and Little Russian cities). This decree was repeated on December 13, 1742 by Elizaveta Petrovna:

“from all of Our Empire, both from Great Russian and Little Russian cities, villages and villages, all male and female Zhids, no matter who their rank and dignity may be, from the announcement of this Our Highest Decree, with all their property, immediately send for border, and henceforth under no circumstances should they be allowed into Our Empire for anything; unless one of them wants to be in the Christian faith of the Greek confession ... "

In December 1743, the Senate proposed to temporarily let Jews into Russia in order to develop trade and make a profit. The Russian Empress replied:

"I do not want interesting profits from the enemies of Christ."

That is, during this period, the main reason for the forbidden policy towards the Jews was religious.

It is worth noting that in the XVIII century the word "Jew" meant belonging to a certain nationality and religion. Later, the word "Jew" began to be officially used.

After the partitions of the Commonwealth, the Russian Empire included regions with large Jewish communities. Therefore, Catherine the Great, by decree of December 28, 1791, determined the territory where they were allowed to live and engage in fishing. The Jewish Pale of Settlement included Lithuania, Belarus, Novorossiya and parts of Little Russia. Most of the Jews were assigned to the bourgeois class or the third, lower guild of the merchant class. At the same time, at this time, the authorities practically did not interfere in the inner world of the Jewish communities. They had their own courts, synagogues with schools.

After entering Russia, Bessarabia and the Kingdom of Poland were included in the Pale of Settlement. Under Alexander II, merchants of the first guild received permission to live outside the Pale of Settlement. Then the restrictions were removed from Jews with higher education, doctors, guild artisans, and retired recruits. In general, the Jewish question became one of the preconditions that destabilized the Russian Empire (but not the main one, as some patriots believed and still believe). The West used this question during the information war against Russia.

"Victim of Fanaticism" Painting by Nikolai Pimonenko

Comments

[bya965]

The topic is interesting and taboo. The facts of the prohibition for Jews to live and trade on Russian territory are simply stated.
But there is no statement of the reasons why there were bans (srach will begin), but it’s the same as now to tell that
the adoption of Orthodoxy in Rus' led to the disappearance of pre-Christian history, the old alphabet and almost
general literacy of the population.
Or the fact that in 1917-18 the local church was destroyed mainly by ordinary peasants (without the Bolsheviks), who
suffered from the biggest exploiters of the people.

[Krasnodar]

Quote: bya965

But there is no statement of the reasons why there were bans

Enemies of Christ
Those who converted to Orthodoxy were not subject to restrictions

[bober1982]

Quote: Krasnodar

Those who converted to Orthodoxy were not subject to restrictions

By the way, there were very strict rules for the adoption of Orthodoxy by the Jews, a special decision was even made: the 8th canon of the VII Ecumenical Council.
It is interesting that if a Jew accepted Christianity, then by Jewish standards, he ceased to be considered a Jew, as such, by nationality.

[Krasnodar]

Quote: bober1982

It is interesting that if a Jew accepted Christianity, then by Jewish standards, he ceased to be considered a Jew, as such, by nationality.

Quite right. If he accepted Islam - too. ))
If he wanted to return to Judaism again, he walked on his knees to the doors of the synagogue, receiving whiplash from a community representative

[Pane Kohanku]

If he wanted to return to Judaism again, he walked on his knees to the doors of the synagogue, receiving whiplash from a community representative

Hello Albert! And what, there were such people?

[Krasnodar]

Welcome
Yes, the most famous of them is Rotenberg (or Roitberg, too lazy to check), who, according to legend and his own stories, killed the priest Gapon. ))

[Pane Kohanku]

Yes, the most famous of them is Rotenberg (or Roitberg, too lazy to check), who, according to legend and his own stories, killed the priest Gapon. ))

Rutenberg. According to Wikipedia, in order to marry a certain Khomenko, he converted to Orthodoxy. And he died in Jerusalem in 1942! Apparently, I had to "change my faith back" ...
And for some reason I immediately remember Stepan Pisakhov from the "conversions" - a collector of Pomeranian tales, according to which a cartoon with Leonov was later staged.
By the way, the Great Choral Synagogue in St. Petersburg was built under Alexander III. That is, many Jews already lived in St. Petersburg at that time.
And what about the case of Olga Palem, the victim of unrequited love, who was rather leniently treated by the jury for the murder of her own lover?
In general, a separate topic for discussion!

[Krasnodar]

What is there to discuss? Another people of the Russian Empire ))

[balabol]

In St. Petersburg, in Soviet times, there was a book on the population, the national and class composition of the inhabitants of St. Petersburg. It is difficult to remember the details now, but the bottom line is that, firstly, in the Russian Empire there was no nationality in official documents. There was a religion. Because it was possible to check the entry in the church book. (The extracts of the ancestors for the 19th century are kept at home. It is clear there - born, baptized, witnesses of the sacrament, record number in the ledger). Accounting was conducted precisely by religion. They could check in the parish whether a person went there, whether he observed fasts, and so on, so to speak, "a means of objective control." Despite the fact that St. Petersburg was beyond the Pale of Settlement, Jews lived here. First, it's illegal. Friends, relatives, acquaintances. Mostly in the Haymarket area, but it’s true that all the rabble gathered there. Secondly, on the basis of property qualification. Therefore, among the "pure" public such as lawyers, doctors, financiers, representatives of culture and the press, there were many prominent representatives of this nationality. Illegals were rounded up every few years, with little success and rare. It can be said on a case-by-case basis. At the state the service of the Jews was not taken. It was necessary to become Orthodox. Such restrictions were, to a certain extent, the reason for the formation of anti-state sentiments among the intelligentsia. Estates, restrictions based on nationality, property qualifications hindered the "social lift". But instability, reforms, revolutions, on the contrary, provided new opportunities.
Another aspect of the ambiguous attitude towards Jews is the allowance of interest on loans for non-Jews. Those of their own cannot be given money at interest, but they can be given to non-believers. Since the Middle Ages, the issue of loan interest has been very important. In studies on the history of economics, you can learn a lot of interesting things on this issue.

[Pane Kohanku]

Vladimir, hello!

It is difficult to remember the details now, but the bottom line is that, firstly, in the Russian Empire there was no nationality in official documents. There was a religion.

I agree.

Illegals were rounded up every few years, with little success and rare.

And on illegal immigrants of any religion. Because of the absolutely idiotic passport system, most of the laborers who came to St. Petersburg to work from other provinces were, in fact, with expired passports.
Ikonnikov-Galitsky writes (although he is a publicist, not a serious historian) that almost half of the inhabitants of either the Transit Prison or the Lithuanian Castle (then the city's main prison) consisted of such "illegal immigrants with expired passports." Then they were kicked out.

Mostly in the Haymarket area, but it’s true that all the rabble gathered there.

I agree. The Vyazemskaya Lavra was also located there - the largest apartment building for the lumpen proletariat, in fact - a large den.

[balabol]

Greetings Nikolay. The author of the article, in my opinion, touched upon the topic of the relationship between the elites of national states and the Jewish global project. Russia is a weak reflection of what happened for centuries among "civilized" Europeans. The struggle of financial groups did not begin yesterday, but a very long time ago, the national elites needed Jewish money and at the same time in every possible way limited their influence on politics and power. It is clear that in all countries the Gentiles were removed from power on a formal basis, but the Jewish financial community controlled a significant part of the most profitable freight traffic from the Middle East to Europe, and later the Spanish expeditions to America, the Portuguese to India and China. Finance is the driving wheels of History.
In addition, Christian loans were complicated by the rules of the Holy Church. Direct loans were prohibited and had to be formalized as participation in commercial enterprises in shares with the recipient of the loans, in contrast to the simpler loan from the Jews. By the way, it was precisely this chicanery that led to the fact that in the Middle Ages the number of lawyers and lawyers increased sharply.

[frog]

Apparently, I had to "change faith back" ...

39 lashes on the threshold of the synagogue, Rutenberg's scars remained for life, and he was proud of them

[Illanatol]

Um. And how many apostles, disciples of Christ were Jews, and how many were Gentiles?
Was it not embarrassing that the Virgin Mary, the mother of Christ, was a Jew, and even from a very noble family?
Yes, and "Zampapasha" - is he, what, a purebred Aryan by origin? Though a proletarian carpenter, but still ...

In short, where religion begins, logic goes to smoke...

[Krasnodar]

Quote: Illanatol

Um. And how many apostles, disciples of Christ were Jews, and how many were Gentiles?

Luke is said to have been a non-Jew

Quote: Illanatol

It didn’t bother me that the Virgin Mary, the mother of Christ, was a Jew,

And her cousin Elizabeth was the mother of John the Baptist.

Quote: Illanatol

Though a proletarian carpenter

But not poor, by the way

Quote: Illanatol

In short, where religion begins, logic goes to smoke...

I do not agree - in every religion there is logic. Its own logic)).

[Illanatol]

Luke is said to have been a non-Jew

One goy for the whole company? Yeah...

But not poor, by the way

So after all, also from the royal family, like ...
"We, the boyars, are a hard-working people..."

I do not agree - in every religion there is logic. own logic))

Rather, interest: dough, booze and virgins ...

[Krasnodar]

Quote: Illanatol

One goy for the whole company? Yeah...

So "I did not come to break the Law (Torah), but to fulfill it." Why are you surprised? ))

Quote: Illanatol

So after all, also from the royal family, like ...

Kind of David - yes)).

Quote: Illanatol

Rather, interest: dough, booze and virgins ...

Etc. ))

[RUR]

Experts say that Jesus is not a Jew, but a Galilean, such as the difference between these peoples is huge, Christianity itself, especially Western, is a heavily modified version, all Christian theologians only partially recognize the Jewish beginning in Christianity, for example, the phrase - at the beginning there was a word ( in the original - logos) - is considered a borrowing from Greek philosophy, the Jews did not have any philosophy at that time - they did not mature

[Krasnodar]

Quote: RUR

Connoisseurs say that Jesus is not a Jew, but a Galilean,

M-yes. Vanya is not Orthodox, Vanya is a Sibiryak...
About connoisseurs:
If Jesus is not a Jew, then he is not from the line of David?
If not from the lineage of David, then it cannot be the Messiah?
Then what is the essence of Christianity?

Quote: RUR

for example, the phrase - in the beginning there was a word (in the original - logos) - is considered a borrowing from Greek philosophy

Jews consider Christianity to be a Greek religion built on the basis of the Old Testament.

Quote: RUR

there were no Jews at that time - they did not grow up

At that time it already was, thanks to the Greek occupation, and then cohabitation with the Greeks. The Galilean area where Jesus lived was called the Decapolis - 10 cities. The Greeks lived in these towns.
From them, the Jews learned both philosophy and casuistry and love for trade and the exact sciences and winemaking, etc.
We were lucky with the conquerors)).

[RUR]

At that time it already was, thanks to the Greek occupation, and then cohabitation with the Greeks.

Do you think that Greek philosophy, adopted by a very few literate and Hellenized Jews, is already Jewish? The Jews have a hard time with philosophy - Marx's Capital is considered by many as an economic theory, while their philosophy is the work of Engels ... Wittgenstein wrote one thing, and later - directly contradicting him, etc.
If about the Galileans, then many historians believe that the difference is more significant than between your Vanya

[Krasnodar]

Quote: RUR

think that Greek philosophy, adopted by a very few literate and Hellenized Jews, is

So the Jewish Talmud is a volume of casuistry and philosophy))
which they learned from the Greeks.

Quote: RUR

The Jews have a hard time with philosophy -

Jews have a hard time with football. With the rest, more or less and even at the level)).

Quote: RUR

Marx's capital is regarded by many as an economic theory, while their philosophy is the work of Engels.

I thought that it was Engels' business in the duet to sponsor Marx.))

Quote: RUR

Wittgenstein wrote one, and later - directly contradicting him, etc.

He clearly captured the essence of German philosophy)).

Quote: RUR

If about the Galileans, then many historians believe that the difference is more significant than between your Vanya

Like between Muscovites and Omsk? )))

[RUR]

Jews have a hard time with football. With the rest, more or less and even at the level)).

Jews have inflated self-esteem, which you also demonstrate, just don’t say that you are Vanya Krasnodar ... The Talmud may be philosophy in the European sense for Jews, but I doubt that even if this is so, then, by the way, it is for no one not interesting in this sense outside of Jewish culture

[Krasnodar]

Quote: RUR

Jews have inflated self-esteem, which you also demonstrate,

Yes, I agree. But in fact - where are we up to the Swiss? For example.

Quote: RUR

just don't say that you are Vanya Krasnodar...

No, I'm Abram-Shmul Berl-Srul Trachtenberg Tel Aviv

Quote: RUR

The Talmud may be a philosophy in the European sense for the Jews, but I doubt it, even if it is, then, by the way, it is of no interest to anyone outside of Jewish culture in this sense

Agree

[RUR]

Yes, I agree. But in fact - where are we up to the Swiss? For example.

\
Yes, well, is everything really so gloomy with you? I even somehow like the subtle train of thought in the article, like, the natives must understand that the Jews on this earth are not strangers, but, on the contrary, even, perhaps, the most dear owners since the time of the Scythians,
Hasn't the time come for you to directly declare your claims to these territories? True, you will have many competitors, here both Turks and Romanians, not counting Ukrainians and Russians ...
By the way, back in the days of WWII / WWII, the Romanians considered the Black Sea coast to be theirs .., including the beautiful Odessa ...

[Krasnodar]

Quote: RUR

the natives must also understand that the Jews on this earth are not strangers, but, on the contrary, even, perhaps, the most dear owners since the time of the Scythians,

You and I have different perceptions of this article)).

Quote: RUR

Hasn't the time come for you to directly declare your claims to these territories?

Do we need them? ))

Quote: RUR

True, you will have many competitors, here both Turks and Romanians, not counting Ukrainians and Russians ...

Quote: RUR

By the way, back in the days of WWII / WWII, the Romanians considered the Black Sea coast to be theirs .., including the beautiful Odessa ...

I'll tell you this - Crimea is the size of Israel. Jews believe that Israel is still far from perfect. Hence the question - why do we need another such, much less developed territory with less comfortable logistics to the main markets? ))

[RUR]

You are not informed in Jewish affairs, for example, Jews in Israel multiply well, but water and land for a growing population do not, and Iran can ask you from the occupied - as they say in BV - territories ... and here, perhaps, sparsely populated territories will appear ... I see that it is still too early for you to make claims, you are being careful, however ...

[Krasnodar]

Quote: RUR

but there is no water and land for a growing population,

There are fresh water, artesian wells, etc. - lived there for 25 years, washed at least once a day)).

Quote: RUR

Yes, and Iran can ask you from the captured - so they think in BV - territories ..

Can ask. More precisely, he has been asking for a long time)). But it will grab, like all the rest of Syria and others

Quote: RUR

here, perhaps, sparsely populated areas will appear.

So they are in Texas - Nevada - Canada - what for the Jews is this poverty in the form of Bulgaria / Ukraine / Romania? ))
Besides, no one is going anywhere.

Quote: RUR

I see that it is still too early for you to make claims, you are being careful, however ...

Claims for what? To such chic markets?

[RUR]

Can ask. More precisely, he has been asking for a long time)). But it will grab, like all the rest of Syria and others

So you are not a very philosopher either ... you have such generalizations ... after all, Iran, being in deep isolation, has developed many military industries, is a space power, is capable of creating an atomic bomb - these are not your Semites, Arabs, by the way, Iranian culture is older than yours - 5 thousand years - so they say ...
With such an assessment, your collision with him will look like a Russian NWO, but rather even worse .. here Ukraine, Bulgaria and Romania will come in handy ... very

[Krasnodar]

Quote: RUR

because Iran, being in deep isolation, has developed many military industries, is a space power, is capable of creating an atomic bomb

Israel is armed much more seriously than Iran, has long had its own nuclear arsenal.

Quote: RUR

these are not your Semites for you, Arabs, by the way, Iranian culture is older than yours - 5 thousand years - so they say ...

In military affairs, modern air forces and missiles are more important than the antiquity of culture)).

Quote: RUR

With such an assessment, your collision with him will look like a Russian NVO, but rather even worse.

For Iran - yes, it can lead to catastrophic consequences. Israel will also fall - of course, but the level of weapons and capabilities is significantly in Israel's favor.

Quote: RUR

here Ukraine with Bulgaria and Romania will come in handy ... very

Iranian refugees - perhaps)).

[RUR]

but the level of weapons and capabilities is significantly in favor of Israel.

your capabilities are impressive, especially human reserves, and after all, a simple peasant guy is a much more advanced technique or even a robot than electronic pieces of iron, many, by the way, Israel simply IMPORTS, unlike Iran, and suddenly a world war and exporters will need all this themselves ? And then, you didn’t fight for 2000 years, unlike Iran - your combat experience is limited, for example, there is no experience in waging a long war - your 5-day war games are completely different ... and I wouldn’t advise underestimating the capabilities of Iran’s technology

[Krasnodar]

Quote: RUR

your capabilities are impressive, especially human reserves

There are no common borders, firstly, the advantage of firepower - accuracy and range is on the side of Israel. And the air behind Israel.

Quote: RUR

after all, a simple peasant guy is a much more advanced technique or even a robot than electronic pieces of iron,

Yes, if it reaches you, it's serious)).

Quote: RUR

electronic pieces of iron, many, by the way, Israel simply IMPORTS, unlike Iran, what if there is a world war and exporters will need all this themselves?

What the hell does it produce, firstly, if there is a world war, then it will be able to carve up Iran on the sly before these pieces of iron are needed and without any special diplomatic consequences.

Quote: RUR

then, you didn’t fight for 2000 years, unlike Iran

1948-1949, 1956, 1967, 1969-1970, 1973, 1982. Between them and to this day - small things like fighting with terrorist organizations)).

Quote: RUR

your combat experience is limited, e.g. no experience in long-term warfare

And in figs, is it needed if in three weeks we can take out hundreds of aircraft of thousands of units of enemy armored vehicles in a maximum of three weeks?

Quote: RUR

and I would not advise underestimating the capabilities of Iran's technology

I agree - they will hit the Israeli civilians hard and painfully. Tep more, given the density of buildings. But in return they will receive both in the army and in industry and in oil production and in ports.

[vladcub]

"carpenter - proletarian" em, something new: determine nationality by social origin

[Fitter65]

Quote: Illanatol

Yes, and "Zampapasha" - is he, what, a purebred Aryan by origin? Though a proletarian carpenter, but still ...

One day, the key keeper Peter asked Jesus Christ to stand at the gate for a while, the hour was late, there were no people at all, and he quickly went back and forth, and then, when the working day was over, we would sit. - Yes without problems - said Christ. Peter did not have time to move away, as one person went to the gate. Jesus became interested in what kind of virtues people go to heaven. Well, he asked this man, for what such achievements would you definitely be in paradise? - You know, is a nice person, - the traveler answered him, - almost the whole world knows my son.
- PAPA!!! - exclaimed Christ.
- Pinocchio!? - the man was surprised. This parable was once told by Armen Dzhigarkhonyan...

[Xnumx vis]

Quote: Krasnodar

Quote: bya965

But there is no statement of the reasons why there were bans

Enemies of Christ
Those who converted to Orthodoxy were not subject to restrictions

The Jewish people, despite thousands of years of persecution, survived as a people thanks to their faith. Judaism. Whether anyone likes it or not. But faith in their gods saved the Jews from assimilation by other peoples. .An analogy arises - Now there is a struggle with the Russian Orthodox Church in Ukraine, with a church that has a thousand-year history. the blood connection between people living in Russia and Ukraine is being destroyed. In Ukraine, the Russian people are being destroyed.

[nepunamemuk]

not fully preserved
ten knees lost

[Xnumx vis]

Quote from: nepunamemuk

ten knees lost

I have not heard anything about knees ... My good friend has everything in order with her knees .. Such delicious knees. Mmmmm ... Ah! Wah! Peach !

[vova1910]

Quote from: nepunamemuk

ten knees lost

By the time of their "disappearance" they almost all returned to paganism, that is, they ceased to be Jews.

[nepunamemuk]

that even no "Levites" were enough to keep most of the people in Judaism?

[vova1910]

Quote from: nepunamemuk

that even no "Levites" were enough to keep most of the people in Judaism?

By that time there were two states: Judea and Israel. Jews and Levites lived in Judea, respectively. In Israel (northern kingdom) the remaining 10 tribes. In Judea, the state religion was Judaism, and in Israel polytheism, paganism. There were almost no Levites in Israel and they did not participate in religious life.

[nepunamemuk]

it is strange that the modern state was called "Israel"

[vova1910]

Quote from: nepunamemuk

it is strange that the modern state was called "Israel"

There was a lot of controversy in 1948 about the name of the country and the name "Judea" was an option. But the word Israel is the name of the people themselves. Israel is the second name of the forefather Jacob. And all the Jews are accordingly called the people of Israel, which is probably why this name is preferable to Judah, since the Jews are just one of the tribes that make up the people of Israel.

[nepunamemuk]

the name is, but there are no people
only proselytes

[insafufa]

Well, a Jew is in power in the USSR
1. Lenin
President of the Supreme Economic Council - Lurie (Larin). Jew.
5. Recovery Commissioner - Schlichter. Jew.
7. Commissioner of State Control - Lander. Jew.
8. The Commissioner of the Army and Navy - Bronstein (Trotsky). Jew.
9. State Land Commissioner - Kaufman. Jew.
10. Commissioner of Public Works - Schmitt. Jew.
11. The commissar of public supplies - E. Lilina (Knigisen). Jewish woman.
12. Commissioner of Education - Lunacharsky. Russian. (married to Jewish Rosenel)
13. Commissar of religions - Svalbard. Jew.
14. People's Commissar - Apfelbaum (Zinoviev). Jew.
15. Commissioner of Public Hygiene - Anwelt. Jew.
16. Commissioner of Finance - Gukovsky. Jew.
17. Print Commissioner - Kogen (Volodarsky). Jew.
18. The Commissioner for Election Affairs - Radomyslsky (Uritsky). Jew.
19. Commissioner of Justice - Steinberg. Jew.
He was in charge of executions.
20. Commissioner for the evacuation - Fenigstein. Jew.
21. His assistants are Rawicz and Zaslavsky. The Jews.
MILITARY COMMISSARIAT
1. The Commissioner of the Army and Navy - Bronstein (Trotsky). Jew.
2. The chairman of the revolutionary headquarters of the Northern Army is Fishman. Jew.
3. Commissioner of the Military Trial 12 Army - Romm. Jew.
4. The political commissar of the 12 Army is Meychik. Jew.
5. Political Commissioner of the Headquarters of the 4 Army - Livenson. Jew.
6. Chairman of the Western Front Army Council - Pozern. Jew.
7. Political Commissioner of the Moscow Military District - Gubelman. Jew.
8. Political Commissioner of the Vitebsk Military District - Deb. Latvian.
9. The commissar of the military requisition of the city of Slutsk is Kalmanovich. Jew.
10. The political commissar of the Samara Division is Beckman. Jew.
11. The military commissar of the same division is Gluzman. Jew.
12. The commissar of the requisition detachment of the Moscow District is Zuzmanovich. Jew.
13. Chairman of the Main Moscow Military Council - Bronstein (Trotsky). Jew.
His helpers:
14. Hirschfeld. Jew.
15. Sklyansky. Jew.
Members of the same Council:
16. Shorodak. Jew.
17. Petch. Jew.
18. Military Commissar of the Moscow Province - Steingardt. German.
19. Military Commissar of the Moscow Province - Dulis. Latvian.
20. Commissioner of the Border Guard School - Glazer. Latvian.
21. Political Commissar of the 15th Soviet Division - Dzennis. Latvian.
22. Political commissar of the 15th Soviet Division - Polonsky. Jew.
23. Commissar of the Military Council of the Caucasian Armies - Lekhtiner. Jew.
24. Extraordinary Commissar of the Eastern Front - Bruno. Jew.
25. Extraordinary Commissar of the Eastern Front - Shulman. Jew.
26. Member of the Kazan Military Council - Rosengolts. Jew.
27. Member of the Kazan Military Council - Meygof. Jew.
28. Member of the Kazan Military Council - Nazengolts. Jew.
29. Commander of the Red Army in Yaroslavl - Gekker. Jew.
30. Head of the Petrograd Military Commissariat - Zeiger. Jew.
31. Political Commissar of the Petrograd Military District - Gittis. Jew.
32. Commander of the Western Front against Czechoslovakia - Vatsetis. Latvian.
33. Member of the Council of the military commune - Lasimer. Jew.
34. Head of the Military Commune (former Austrian officer) - Kolman. Jew.
35. Head of the Moscow Military District - Bitsis. Latvian.
36. Military Commissar of the Moscow Military District, - Metkaz. Jew.
37. Head of Defense of the Crimea - Zach. Jew.
38. Commander of the Kursk Front - Sluzin. Jew.
39. His assistant is Zilberman. Jew.
40. Political Commissar of the Romanian Front - Spiro. Jew.
41. Representative for peace negotiations with Germany -Davidovich. Jew.
42. Candidate - Schneur. Latvian.
43. Soldier - Smidovich. Jew.
COMMISSARIATE OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS (i.e. for executions)
1. People's Commissar - Apfelbaum (Zinoviev). Jew.
2. His assistant is the head of the Extraordinary Commission - Radomyslsky (Uritsky). Jew.
3. Head of propaganda - Goldenrudin. Jew.
4. Chairman of the Economic Commission of the Petrograd Commune - Ender. Jew.
5. Vice-Chairman of the Hygiene Commission - Rudin. Jew.
6. Commissioner for the evacuation of refugees - Finigshtein. Jew.
7. His assistant is Abraham Starch. Jew.
8. Commissar of the Petrograd Press - Volodarsky. Jew.
9. Commissioner of the Moscow Press - Krasikov. Jew.
10. Commissar of the Petrograd Police - Feuerman. Jew.
11. Head of the Press Bureau - Martinson. Jew.
12. Moscow Commissar of Public Security -Rosenthal. Jew.
Members of the Petrograd Extraordinary Commission (Cheka)
13. Meinkman. Jew.
14. Giller. Jew.
15. Kozlovsky. Pole.
16. Model. Jew.
17. I. Rozmirovich. Jewish.
18. Diaspers. Armenian.
19. Iselevich. Jew.
20. Krassikov. Jew.

Not bad they settled down under the Bolsheviks

[Kote Pan Kokhanka]

Not my Author and not my topic, but in what way is it “forbidden”? Engaged - yes, otherwise - ... !!!?
There is probably something in human nature when it is easier to blame all your troubles and sins on your neighbor, and if he is also rich, yes, a foreigner and noah faith. God Himself is ... and one forgets that God is also a Jew!!!
Objectively speaking, I think one should not deny the role of the peoples of the Khazar Khaganate in the formation of the protostate, which became Rus. The Jews in it were not even the majority, but one of almost three dozen nationalities that formed it. By the way, the presence of one "Jidoan Gate" in capital Kyiv says a lot.
Otherwise, Monomakh was not the first and not the last, however, like the Jews as "oppressed".
Moreover, today it is fashionable, even Alla Pugacheva signed up for the “Jews” !!!

[Krasnodar]

Quote: Kote pane Kohanka

Moreover, today it is fashionable, even Alla Pugacheva signed up for the “Jews” !!!

By mother-in-law))

[Kote Pan Kokhanka]

Hi Albert!
Now it is clear why she kicked out Filippushka - not those bloods !!!

[Krasnodar]

Greetings! Filipushka still has those roots))

[Kote Pan Kokhanka]

Quote: Krasnodar

Greetings! Filipushka still has those roots))

Is he Bulgarian?

[Krasnodar]

Quote: Kote pane Kohanka

Is he Bulgarian?

Dad is a Bulgarian Armenian, mom - there are both gypsies and French ... in short, a Jew in life)).

[vladcub]

Alik, hi. Duck at Fili: Armenian-Bulgarian origin .. However, in fact - relatives.
There is a comic proverb: "where there were Armenians, there is nothing for a Jew to do"

[Krasnodar]

Quote: vladcub

where there was an Armenian, there is nothing for a Jew to do"

Hello, Vlad!
Therefore, we are so rarely seen on Lake Sivan))

[vladcub]

Namesake, hello, "Philippuska kicked out" tady, she is cooler than the Jews: she calculated in advance: whose blood is significant

[Mihail0221]

God Himself is ... and one forgets that God is also a Jew!!! laughing

Reminded.
... Well, what are you, brother, they are not the best, they are the only ones, and the rest should serve them. But one puncture came out of them - they crucified Christ ?!
- They themselves gave birth, they themselves and crucified! This is our purely Jewish showdown, the goyim cannot understand.
- What, you write down my Christ as Jews ?!
- And what did you think, if dad is Jewish, mom is Jewish, then the baby is Russian?

[dauria]

- And what did you think, if dad is Jewish, mom is Jewish, then the baby is Russian?

In Orthodoxy (unlike Catholics), God the Father, God the Son and the Holy Spirit are one. One being (entity, object). One trinity. So it's hard to stick a nationality to Christ. This feature of Orthodoxy is amazing, where and why it came from - I'm not special.

[Luminman]

Quote: dauria

One trinity. So it’s hard to stick a nationality to Christ

And when was he the Son? Yes, and in the flesh? And he preached not in Chukotka, but in Palestine...

[Krasnodar]

Quote: Luminman

in Palestine...

In Galilee and Judea!
Our land began to be called Palestine decades later, at the suggestion of the Roman occupiers. ))

[Krasnodar]

Quote: dauria

So it’s hard to stick a nationality to Christ

If you are a believer, then absolutely.

[dauria]

If you are a believer, then absolutely.

Have you met non-believers?
If a person has never closed his eyes in his life, this means just that
a) He is already blind, and he does not need to save his sight
b) He was lucky, he never saw a bright flash that could burn out his eyes
c) He has a welding mask on his face.
Faith is exactly the same. It protects the brain from damage. A person closes his eyes and "goes blind" for a while. But he keeps his eyesight.

[Krasnodar]

Quote: dauria

Have you met non-believers?

Yes ))

Quote: dauria

Faith is exactly the same. It protects the brain from damage. A person closes his eyes and "goes blind" for a while. But he keeps his eyesight.

I agree. I did not formulate correctly - if you are a believing Orthodox Christian.

[Krasnodar]

Quote: Michael0221

- And what did you think, if dad is Jewish, mom is Jewish, then the baby is Russian?

- "And his dad is a dove!" (C)

[Akuzenka]

Moreover, today it is fashionable, even Alla Pugacheva signed up for the “Jews” !!!

Yahweh is her judge! In general, Pugacheva and Galkin, Jews married in an Orthodox church, are ridiculous. I don't even know what to compare it to. However, they just don’t go to any lengths, for the sake of saving their wallet.

[Krasnodar]

Quote: AKuzenka

Pugacheva and Galkin, Jews married in an Orthodox church

Pugacheva received citizenship not by Jewishness, but by the so-called. the law of the Return, as the wife of a Jew (Galkin's mother did, yes). But - there are problems with the wedding - a Jew who has changed his faith does not have the right to Israeli citizenship)).
In short, an Israeli lawyer get ready to chop cabbage, defending the Jewish passport of a young couple)).

[bya965]

Not my Author and not my topic, but in what way is it “forbidden”? Engaged - yes, otherwise - ... !!!?

Come on, just one example (I myself like to drink and drive myself). The Jews managed to give to those who needed it and made a monopoly on the trade in taverns. But the Russian people refused to drink, so they began to force them and received Jewish pogroms in response. A couple of years ago, the very fact of anti-alcohol uprisings was widely reported, but who, why and how was a taboo topic.

In March 1858, the ministers of finance, internal affairs and state property issued orders for their departments. The essence of those decrees was to ban ... sobriety !!! Local authorities were instructed to prevent the organization of sobriety societies, and to destroy already existing sentences on abstinence from wine and continue not to allow them.

It was then, in response to the ban on sobriety, that a wave of pogroms swept across Russia. The anti-alcohol riot spread throughout Russia. Starting in May 1859 in the west of the country, in June the rebellion reached the banks of the Volga. Peasants smashed drinking establishments in Balashovsky, Atkarsky, Khvalynsky, Saratov and in many other counties. The pogroms acquired a special scope in Volsk.

https://историиземли.рф/antialkogolnyj-bunt-v-rossii.html

[dauria]

Peasants smashed drinking establishments

You will not be given a hangover, so arrange it differently.
"- The damned tavern woman does not want to lend! ..".
(N.V. Gogol)

[Krasnodar]

The first time I've heard. ))
Interestingly
The text of your comment is too short and in the opinion of the site administration does not carry useful information

[BAI]

Moreover, today it is fashionable, even Alla Pugacheva signed up for the “Jews” !!!

Not okay. She got married in a church under cameras. Jews are excluded.

[Comrade]

Quote: Kote pane Kohanka

not my topic, but what is it "forbidden" in?

If you start thinking and comparing physical facts, then you can think of things that are bad, by today's standards.
And this, if over time the conclusions made by the revisionists will become sufficiently widespread among the masses, may threaten the foundations of the current world order.

[alekseykabanets]

Quote: bya965

the old alphabet and almost universal literacy of the population.

Where can you read about it? Anything more sensible than Fomenko-Nosovsky?

[Boris55]

Quote: bya965

the adoption of Orthodoxy in Rus' led to the disappearance of pre-Christian history, the old alphabet and almost

Christianity was accepted.

About writing.
Before Cyril and Methodius there were figurative writing. The study of which took more than one year. The commoner did not have the opportunity to master it. Cyril and Methodius invented syllabary, which allowed ordinary people to join the knowledge. This is their main merit. Kudos to them for this.

For a better understanding of this, a video about how Korea introduced its own script, instead of Chinese, and the opposition to this elite:
https://my.mail.ru//mail/bit-04/video/_myvideo/85.html
https://my.mail.ru//mail/bit-04/video/_myvideo/94.html

[vova1910]

Quote: Boris55

Before Cyril and Methodius, there was figurative writing.

Cyrillic, Greek, Latin, Arabic, and Hebrew are alphabetic writing systems. Don't confuse people.

[gsev]

Quote: bya965

the adoption of Orthodoxy in Rus' led to the disappearance of pre-Christian history, the old alphabet and almost
general literacy of the population.

A very controversial statement. Firstly, the bulk of the surviving documents of medieval Rus' are church Christian texts. The fact that before the adoption of Christianity in Rus' literacy was widely developed requires evidence. If anyone cites a reliable source in favor of this statement, then he will become a great Russian historian. The most ancient writing styles found in Novgorod date back to 950-990, that is, by the time of the adoption of Christianity. Zaliznyak pointed out a more important feature of the literacy rate of the population of Novgorod. In his opinion, a high level of literacy is characteristic of a time when quite large masses of the population were personally free and there was no strong division of the people according to wealth and power. Perhaps in Novgorod in the 11th-13th centuries the literacy rate was higher than in Russia in the middle of the 19th century. As we can see, Zaliznyak, an outstanding specialist in ancient Russian writing and the theory of language, did not consider paganism to be the engine of Russian culture. And from his works, many of which I combine the simplicity of popular science literature and the rigor of academic work, one can draw many well-reasoned conclusions about the history of the development of Russian literature and civilization.

[bya965]

A very controversial statement. Firstly, the bulk of the surviving documents of medieval Rus' are church Christian texts.

I claim that they have rubbed it, you say that it has not been preserved. There is no contradiction. As the ROC operates now, I believe that it WAS so (it used to be easier and there was a lot of time).
History is not a science, you cannot conduct an experiment and confirm it. But DNA is a science, according to which the Russian people separated from the rest several thousand years before the adoption of Christianity. In addition, I think Christianity was imposed on Rus' not for several years, but for 200-300 years, this is evidenced by church holidays rooted in "paganism".

I am Soviet.

[gsev]

Quote: bya965

But DNA is a science, according to which the Russian people separated from the rest several thousand years before the adoption of Christianity.

At one time I was in command in Bashkiria. There I had to be in company with Russians who had a pronounced Mongoloid appearance and a Bashkir who had a purely European appearance. Moreover, everyone felt quite comfortable in their national environment. As far as I know, in a highly developed settlement in Ukraine near the village of Trypillya, people of the Negroid race lived. Slavs are noted in excavations no earlier than 2000 years ago. Waves of migrations of the Huns, Avars, Scythians, Sarmatians swept across the Russian Plain. Approximately 2000 years ago. To the north of Moscow, 1000 years ago, Finno-Ugric tribes prevailed. Thor Heyerdahl found a correspondence between the ancient Norwegian written sources and archaeological finds in the Azov region about the relatively recent migration of Scandinavian ancestors from the coast of the Sea of ​​\u1000b\u1bAzov to Scandinavia. There is a Russian-Finnish dictionary among the birch-bark letters of Novgorod, numbering about 1. About 5% of letters were written by non-Russians. I think even now in Moscow about 5-10 percent of everyday correspondence is written in foreign languages. As far as I know, science cannot say which genes correspond to a particular nation. In London, immediately after science learned to identify genes, studies showed that 100-XNUMX% of Britons had genes characteristic of the Negroid race. By studying the DNA of ancient people, science concluded that ancient people migrated farther and faster than was thought XNUMX years ago.

[bya965]

Totally agree with you. I even think the main difference between Russians and other Slavs is that we have assimilated about 10-20% of the Finno-Ugric peoples and they consider themselves Russians. There is no Negroid and no Mongoloid blood among Russians at all, although I have the most comfortable communication with Kalmyks and Mongols. They are the right people

[Romanovski]

At your leisure, somehow read the DOCUMENTARY book by Herve Rissen: "The Jewish mafia - GREAT INTERNATIONAL
PARASITES".

[Kote Pan Kokhanka]

Jewish communities on the coast of the Caucasus and the Northern Black Sea region appeared in the era of Scythia and the Greek states. In particular, in the Bosporan kingdom (the current Crimea and Taman) lived the descendants of the Jews who went into exile during the Assyrian and Babylonian captivity.

Puffs (sources) in the studio!
Good morning everyone.

[Krasnodar]

Quote: Kote Pan Kokhanka

Jewish communities on the coast of the Caucasus and the Northern Black Sea region appeared in the era of Scythia and the Greek states. In particular, in the Bosporan kingdom (the current Crimea and Taman) lived the descendants of the Jews who went into exile during the Assyrian and Babylonian captivity.

Puffs (sources) in the studio!
Good morning everyone.

Good morning!
After Babylon - yes
After the Assyrian - as it were ... ... the lost tribes of Israel)).

[Luminman]

Quote: Krasnodar

After Babylon

What should they do in such a wilderness as the Crimea and Taman? Here is Khazaria and after what is left of it - yes! Well, the Karaites too ...

[Krasnodar]

Quote: Luminman

Quote: Krasnodar

After Babylon

What should they do in such a wilderness as the Crimea and Taman? Here is Khazaria and after what is left of it - yes! Well, the Karaites too ...

New sales markets - wilderness, not wilderness, but consumers were there

[Luminman]

New sales markets - wilderness, not wilderness, but consumers were there

By "consumers" do you mean wild Scythians"?

[Krasnodar]

Quote: Luminman

By "consumers" do you mean wild Scythians"?

Including - the best consumers, by the way
What you don’t bring, they cancel it for what you need in the required quantities)).

[Scientist]

By the way, it is an excellent transshipment base for the slave trade.

[Luminman]

Quote: U. Cheny

Incidentally beautiful
transshipment base for the slave trade

It's later...

[Kote Pan Kokhanka]

And what, right up to the Crimea fled? I do not believe Alebert - there are more rational reasons.

[Krasnodar]

Why did they run? Peninsula means sea routes. What kind of infrastructure built by the Greeks. Population. Etc.

[Kote Pan Kokhanka]

Quote: Krasnodar

Why did they run? Peninsula means sea routes. What kind of infrastructure built by the Greeks. Population. Etc.

Albert, I'm not talking about that!
I am writing from memory Babylon was the hegemon in Mesopotamia from the 19th to the 15th century BC. Assyrian kingdom from 9th to 7th century BC In the indicated period, the Crimean peninsula is on the edge of the ecumene behind the Metiot swamps. Maritime trade was monopolized by Crete, later by the Phoenicians, and after them by the Greeks. The very formation of the Jewish nation begins in the era of the invasion of the peoples of the sea. So it's trite, it doesn't beat the time frame.
We know about the colonies of the Greek policies of the Black Sea, but not about the Jewish ones. Yes, Jews could appear in the Crimea as captives of the Scythians, slaves of Greek mercenaries, but who allowed them to live in the diaspora?
Your Albert thesis is relevant to the era of Alexander the Great and his Diadochi. Or later Roman expansion.

[Krasnodar]

Look - the Babylonian captivity lasted 40 years - from 600 AD to 540, approximately. Then part of the Jews returned to Judea, part scattered around the world. How many years after that a diaspora appeared in the Crimea is not clear, but the same Phoenicians coexisted normally with the Jews, where it was profitable - they made money. For example (from the head) - you brought the goods by ship from Egypt towards the Crimea, the Jews buy it at a wholesale price and sell it at retail. Or small batches. Etc.
Почему нет?

[Luminman]

Quote: Krasnodar

The Babylonian captivity lasted 40 years - from 600 AD to 540

You mixed up millennia...

Quote: Krasnodar

How many years after that a diaspora appeared in the Crimea - it is not clear, but the same Phoenicians coexisted with the Jews normally, where it was profitable - they made money

There were scattered Greek city-states in the Crimea. They themselves traded well with the Scythians. Why do they need Jews or someone else?
The same applies to the Phoenicians - so they generally "ruled" the entire Mediterranean trade ...

[Krasnodar]

Quote: Luminman

You mixed up millennia...

Mea kulpa

Quote: Luminman

There were scattered Greek city-states in the Crimea. They themselves traded well with the Scythians. Why do they need Jews or someone else?

The British also traded well. And the Turks. Why were they Jews?

Quote: Luminman

The same applies to the Phoenicians - so they generally "ruled" the entire Mediterranean trade ..

Everything is simpler - it starts with partners and useful people who attract other useful specialists to the business and, as a result, a whole community appears, the needs of which must also be served by someone)).

[Luminman]

The British also traded well. And the Turks. Why were they Jews?

Jews used to live in Britain and the Ottoman Empire and moved with the conquerors

[Krasnodar]

Quote: Luminman

Jews used to live in Britain and the Ottoman Empire and moved with the conquerors

And who prevented them from driving up with some kind of Greeks / Phoenicians to the Crimea? )) Or with some other people?

[Luminman]

And who prevented them from driving up with some kind of Greeks / Phoenicians to the Crimea? )) Or with some other people?

To a warm place of trade - who will let you out of there?

[Krasnodar]

Quote: Luminman

To a warm place of trade - who will let you out of there?

As in any business - if you are useful, they will let you in))

[Senior seaman]

Quote: Krasnodar

Phoenicians and Jews coexisted normally

I beg your pardon, but aren't the Phoenicians the same Semites, why should they be at enmity?
Or were there nuances?

[Krasnodar]

Quote: Senior Sailor

I beg your pardon, but aren't the Phoenicians the same Semites, why should they be at enmity?
Or were there nuances?

Strange question in light of recent events

[Senior seaman]

Quote: Krasnodar

Strange question in light of recent events

Phoenicians and Jews tried to find out who is the greater Semite?

[Krasnodar]

Quote: Senior Sailor

Phoenicians and Jews tried to find out who is the greater Semite?

No, as far as I know, but there were some kind of graters, not without it. Much larger graters were between Judah and Israel.

[Senior seaman]

Quote: Krasnodar

Much larger graters were between Judah and Israel.

And with everyone...

[Krasnodar]

And everyone with each other))
By the way, a beautiful song from the movie Exodus

[BAI]

... the lost tribes of Israel)).

Only half of the tribe of Dan was lost while wandering with Moses in the wilderness. From this half came the Arabs.

[Krasnodar]

Quote: BAI

Only half of the tribe of Dan was lost while wandering with Moses

Lost 10 tribes captured by the Assyrians.
The Arabs were before the Jews. They lived in Jazira. Islam was adopted in the 8th century AD.

[smart fellow]

So this is how Russia became great, why the late USSR collapsed and modern Russia is rolling into.

[Unknown]

Oh, and the topic was touched upon by Mr. Samsonov, a baptized Jew, that a thief is forgiven. In the late USSR, which is in the current Russian Federation, in a negative way. it is better not to mention the Jews. Yourself is more expensive. To pile on all the kahals, and it's a pipe, not to survive. As in a joke .. "Two Jews were sued, the prosecutor was given 3 years." Although much that has happened in the new history of Russia is closely connected with the Jews and there is no escape from this.

Yes, and now SVO, and these are right there

[setter]

I wonder what was the purpose of this article? As historical, it is, to put it mildly, nothing, it contains a lot of errors, controversial points and obvious absurdities, such as the fact that the Khazars are Jews. Or does the author claim the role of Shmakov?

[Kote Pan Kokhanka]

Quote from Passeur

I wonder what was the purpose of this article? As historical, it is, to put it mildly, nothing, it contains a lot of errors, controversial points and obvious absurdities, such as the fact that the Khazars are Jews. Or does the author claim the role of Shmakov?

But now the hamsters will come running and the great srach will begin !!! Attendance will definitely be prohibitive, especially given the lack of full-fledged articles in the History and Armament sections.

[bober1982]

Quote: Kote pane Kohanka

especially given the lack of full-fledged articles in the History and Armament sections.

And, in other headings, you might think the number of quality articles is going off scale.
Opinions and Analytics, these sections have ceased to even open, it is impossible to read.

[setter]

Previously, the bakers and Bolsheviks were cut to death here. Do you think "Semites" will get along with "anti-Semites" now? So the latter have a huge numerical advantage on the site. Therefore, the probability of sracha - 50:50.
Or maybe the author suggests not to bother with the search for the question "Who is to blame?"

[Krasnodar]

Quote from Passeur

So the latter have a huge numerical advantage on the site. Therefore, the probability of sracha - 50:50.

In short - we are Jews of Viscount de Brazhelona, ​​and anti-Semites - in rhyme!
Let it be ruby!

[dauria]

Let it be ruby!

They themselves wanted...
If on the one hand there are "anti-Semites", then please call the opponents "Zionists", and not Jews. That is how the Israelis were called in the Soviet newspapers. A Soviet Jew is a Jew, and a foreign Jew is a bully and a Zionist.
Oh, yes ... the author - the "guild" was not assigned, but bought. The higher, the more expensive. And the benefits depended on the guild. The third was bought even in clubbing.

[Krasnodar]

Valuable, without family or tribe, the mongrels of world imperialism, who built their Zionism on the blood and tears of the progressive peoples of the Middle East...

[Senior seaman]

Quote: Krasnodar

Valuable, without clan and tribe, mongrels of world imperialism,

Maybe "chain"?

[Krasnodar]

Quote: Senior Sailor

Maybe "chain"?

Exactly ))

[Kote Pan Kokhanka]

Bye bye Albert, you're the only one taking the rap!
However, you and the Jew are not correct, your own !!!
I could not resist snickering, for God's sake, if something is wrong.

[Krasnodar]

Quote: Kote pane Kohanka

However, you and the Jew are not correct, your own !!!

Taki correct

Quote: Kote pane Kohanka

I could not resist snickering, for God's sake, if something is wrong.

Where did he screw up? )))

[Kote Pan Kokhanka]

Quote: Krasnodar

Quote: Kote pane Kohanka

However, you and the Jew are not correct, your own !!!

Taki correct

Quote: Kote pane Kohanka

I could not resist snickering, for God's sake, if something is wrong.

Where did he screw up? )))

Appreciated!
I suppose that Albert, the hero city of Odessa, did not pass by you. Such correct Jews only from there!!!

[Krasnodar]

Such correct Jews only from Tel Aviv
Haifa - you can bet

[Kote Pan Kokhanka]

Quote: Krasnodar

Such correct Jews only from Tel Aviv
Haifa - you can bet

They don’t “talk” in Russian, which means they’re not correct!

[Krasnodar]

And be I a Jew of advanced years
Alcoholic and drug addict
I would learn Russian only for that
What Huberman wrote on it

[Luminman]

Quote from Passeur

like the Khazars are Jews

In the XNUMXth century they converted to Judaism. Only there is no exact data - it was accepted by the whole people or only the rulers ...

[Krasnodar]

There is data
Top only
The rest professed paganism (actually the Khazars), Christianity (part of the Slavs) and Islam (other Turkic peoples of the kaganate).
The elite adopted Judaism in order not to fall under Byzantium or the Caliphate, while becoming monotheists.

[Luminman]

Quote: Krasnodar

Data availableTip only

Khazaria was a multinational and multi-confessional state. When I say "everyone", I mean only the Khazars. So, only the Khazar elite converted to Judaism or all the Khazars?

[Krasnodar]

Quote: Luminman

only the Khazar elite converted to Judaism or all the Khazars?

Only the elite

[Luminman]

Only the elite

To date, this is only a matter of controversy ...

[Krasnodar]

Quote: Luminman

To date, this is only a matter of controversy ...

Israeli researchers claim that only the elite.
Arab - that's all without exception, but they don't give proofs.
If we do a linguistic analysis, then there are practically no Turkisms in Yiddish (the language of Eastern European Jews). In Hebrew - miser, left over from the Ottoman rule of Palestine and Syria. Uzbek, Afghan and Mountain Jews are Farsi-speaking, i.e. immigrants from Babylon / Persia. Accordingly, no connection with a significant Turkic infusion, inevitable in a mass scenario, is visible.

[Luminman]

Quote: Krasnodar

Israeli researchers claim that only the elite

Well, you never know what they claim there. Turkish scientists believe that all people are descended from the Turks, and Russia is the birthplace of elephants...

[Krasnodar]

If we take a linguistic analysis, then they are right)).
And, in theory, if there are Ethiopian Jews, Indian Jews, Tibetan (!) Jews, etc., then how can Turkic Jews interfere with us? ))
Logics?

[Kote Pan Kokhanka]

Quote: Luminman

Quote from Passeur

like the Khazars are Jews

In the XNUMXth century they converted to Judaism. Only there is no exact data - it was accepted by the whole people or only the rulers ...

Why not - yes. According to the Cambridge anonym, 25 peoples were subject to the kagan. Of these, only the Volga Bulgars professed Islam, the rest were pagans, including Slavic tribes: Severians and Vyatichi.
However, the institution of polygamy among kings (according to the number of subject tribes) and the tradition of succession (suffocation of the ruler when he lost his male power) are far from Jewish. However, as institutions of power behind the second person of the country - the bek.

[Luminman]

According to the Cambridge Anonymous

This document is highly questionable...

[Kote Pan Kokhanka]

Quote: Luminman

According to the Cambridge Anonymous

This document is highly questionable...

I write "If you believe ..."!

[setter]

In the XNUMXth century they converted to Judaism.

A Jew is a person who observes the precepts of Judaism, regardless of his original nationality, and a Jew is a nationality, regardless of the religion practiced.
The fact that a certain part of the Khazars converted to Judaism did not in any way turn the Khazar Turks into Semitic Jews. These are basic truths.

[bairat]

interesting people)
"A portrait of Najibullah, the last pro-Soviet leader of the republic, who was executed by the Taliban in 1996, hangs on the wall. Back in the 40th century, 1998 thousand Jews lived in Afghanistan, but due to wars and the coming to power of religious fanatics, only two remained by XNUMX - Zabulon Simintov and Isaac Levin. The dwellings of both burned down during the fighting between the Mujahideen in Kabul, and they moved to an empty synagogue. At first they lived together, but everything changed when Simintov invited Levin to leave for Israel. "Oh, so you want to grab the whole synagogue for yourself?" Levin was offended, and a life-and-death war broke out between the friends.
“Isaac denounced me to the Taliban,” says Zabulon, generously pouring tea. - Like, I'm an agent of the Israeli intelligence service Mossad. I was thrown into prison, beaten.

- They say that you sent a denunciation to the Taliban against him, accusing him of spying for the CIA ...

- Don't talk about it! Zabulon dodges. “The Taliban arrested me four times. They say: "What can you show in your defense?" And I answer: “I can present my circumcision! Do you want me to take off my pants? They get scared. In general, as soon as they let me go, a new denunciation immediately arrives, and again they take me to the cell. They often came to search the synagogue - are there electronic wiretaps in the walls?

Isaac Levin was also imprisoned by the Taliban, beaten, then released. It seems fantastic - crazy Islamist fanatics left two Afghan Jews alive. Terrorist organizations similar in style like Al-Qaeda and IS (banned in the Russian Federation) proclaimed the killing of all Israeli citizens as their main goal, but the Taliban did not understand what to do with the comedy when two Jews vying with each other call each other paid CIA agents. Local Jews were not considered enemies for the Afghans: they have been living in the country for centuries and do not even know Hebrew - they communicate in the Dari dialect. As a result, the Taliban went crazy. Tired of receiving denunciations, they called Zabulon and Isaac to the security service and warned: if even one more slander comes, the Islamists will shoot both - without understanding who is right and who is wrong. “They’ve already tortured me, my boss almost had a heart attack because of you,” one of the Taliban said irritably. - Leave us alone! We have to do jihad against the infidels, and we are looking into your complaints.”

[Krasnodar]

This is a joke))
As for the Taliban - for Afghanistan they are very progressive comrades, they banned the institution of child sexual slavery (boys) - Bacha Bazi.

[north 2]

The anti-Semitism of Elizaveta Petrovna had a hereditary and educational origin. Her mother, Catherine the First, was an ardent anti-Semite, who adopted anti-Semitism from the anti-Semite of the coolest batch of Menshikov. And under Menshikov, Catherine the First was only a "pocket" empress.
And the daughters of Peter the Great grew up in the Menshikov family in the company of his children. And Menshikov’s hatred for the Jews, which burst out more than often, found the most ardent echo in Elizabeth ...
And although later Menshikov became the worst enemy of Elizabeth Petrovna, the lessons of anti-Semite phobia presented to her laid grains on very fertile soil.
Other things were going on under Catherine II. She appointed Governor-General Passek with fury under the slogan "Our Christ does not like neutrality" rushed to Belarus to instill anti-Semitism, but after the meeting of Catherine II with the Jews of Mogilev, Jews began to dominate in city administrations throughout Belarus. Catherine the Great, at the request of the Jews, abolished the use in Russia of the word supposedly offensive to the Jews with the letters zhi and agreed henceforth to use only the word Jew in Russia. But she executed the daughter of a Polish Jew, Princess Tarakanova. But she adored the Jewish artist Mengs, and she commissioned the Jewish artist Moses Leva to make her, Catherine the Great, a portrait. And she allowed Potemkin-Tavrichesky to form the "Israeli Cavalry Regiment" entirely from the Jews, so that later he would be handed Palestine liberated from the Turks ... if they were liberated ...
So, Elizabeth Petrovna's attitude towards the Jews was always the same, and Catherine the Great towards the Jews had periods of both fertile and repressive

[bandabas]

- Young man! You don't look at the outside! Do you know what motor it has? Like my Sony, it will take you to Kyiv!
- Will it take you to Chicago?
- Will take you to San Francisco and back! Young man! We Russians do not deceive each other!
"Brother-2" 2000

[Krasnodar]

Even in Schweik there was a story about how a Jew sold an old inedible cow to soldiers)).

[Kote Pan Kokhanka]

Sholokhov has a story about how the gypsies "moved" a half-dead horse, after inflating it through a "reed"! Where they blew, guess for yourself !!!

[Krasnodar]

In the ear - it's obvious
---
Sorry, I'm not smart enough to write a normal comment

[Kote Pan Kokhanka]

Quote: Krasnodar

In the ear - it's obvious
---
The text of your comment is too short and in the opinion of the site administration does not carry useful information.

Essentially, Albert is not about that. Alla Borisovna told fortunes by changing Kirkorov to Galkin, With the latter - only to Israel, and with the first one could live in clover anywhere !!!

[Krasnodar]

Quote: Kote pane Kohanka

With the latter - only to Israel, and with the first one could live in clover anywhere !!!

But in a difficult situation
You chose relocation
Oh, that's why, it turns out
You ran in the morning

Became a victim of information
And under the pressure of sanctions
ran away there
Where is McDuck, IKEA and PayPal

You took and trampled
All my illusion
You took and changed
Buzova to Georgia

Sold at the border
Merc in the last body
You took and changed
Buzova to Georgia
----
So it goes )).

[RUR]

In European states, Jews were regularly subjected to repressions and expelled, which was due to both religious reasons (Christianity against Judaism) and economic ones, when the locals did not like the speed and thoroughness of the seizure of leading economic positions by the Jews.

Well, this seizure was not particularly difficult for the Jews, since at the initial stage it was forbidden for Christians to engage in usury, this seizure, of course, was not from the special mind of the Jews, like, God's chosen ones ...

[Seal]

Quote: Krasnodar

The British also traded well. And the Turks. Why were they Jews?

Of the Turks, the merchants were so-so.
Here is (was, died not so long ago) a well-known Armenian historian, professor at a number of American universities (lived in America) Jan Kirakosyan. He wrote a most interesting work; "Young Turks before the Court of History" in which, like a tank, he ran into a Turk (Young Turk), but at the same time gave a lot of interesting information. For example. “Constituting 20% of the 25-10 million population of the Turkish Empire, the Armenians concentrated in their hands 60% of import and 40% of export trade, as well as 80% of domestic trade.” This he speaks of the state before the First World War. That is, about 1912-1913. But besides the Armenians in Turkey, there were Greeks and Jews no less prone to trade.
It is interesting, but doesn’t it seem to anyone that at least the “first genocides” were to some extent inspired by the trading competitors of the Armenians - the Greeks and Jews, who did not like at all how the Armenians seized and captured almost all trade in the Ottoman Empire !!
It is very similar to the fact that before the First World War, pragmatic Greeks and Jews deliberately left the market altogether, allowing Armenian trade to soar to such heavenly numbers, reasonably believing that the Turks would not be able to endure such a situation for a long time. And then the Greeks and Jews will calmly return to the market and take their proper positions on it. But they did not take into account the First World War. And that then there will be a revolution of Mustafa Kemal.

[Luminman]

Armenians concentrated in their hands 60% of import and 40% of export trade, as well as 80% of domestic trade

The Jews were in charge of all the trade there. Jews expelled from Spain in the XNUMXth century.

P.S. Who is the author? Jan Kirakosyan?

[Seal]

Quote: Luminman

The Jews were in charge of all the trade there. Jews expelled from Spain in the XNUMXth century.

Is this your personal opinion? Is it based on something?

Quote: Luminman

P.S. Who is the author? Jan Kirakosyan?

Sorry, of course John Kirakosyan. Kirakosyan was born in Yerevan, the capital of Soviet Armenia, in 1929. In 1955-1962, he headed the propaganda department of the monthly "Leninyan Ugiov" of the Communist Party of Armenia. In 1962-1966, he was the head of the propaganda department of the Central Committee of the Party, and in 1966-1969 he served as chairman of the State Committee of the Armenian SSR for Television and Radio Broadcasting. In 1969-1975, he headed the department of science and education of the party, and from 1975 until his death in 1985, he served as Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Armenian SSR.

[vova1910]

Quote: Seal

pragmatic Greeks and Jews

Pragmatic Greeks were also subjected to Turkish genocide along with Armenians and Christian Assyrians.

[Seal]

Based on the wording of the term "genocide" given by the well-known Russophobe Lemkin, some of whose works are banned on the territory of the Russian Federation, there were hundreds of various genocides on Earth. And even thousands.
Including on the territory of Turkey in the PVM (+/- a couple of years) there were genocides of both Armenians by Turks, Kurds and Germans, both Greeks by Turks and Kurds, and Turks by Greeks, Armenians and Kurds, and Kurds from sides of the Turks, Armenians, Greeks and so on (there were also Arabs noted).

[Illanatol]

Quote: RUR

Connoisseurs say that Jesus is not a Jew, but a Galilean,

That is, Assyrian.
And maybe with an admixture of Indian blood. Even then, in the north of India (Kashmir) there was a large Jewish diaspora.
It is possible that Jesus spent his early years there (about which the New Testament - no gu-gu).
In one of the cities of Kashmir, the tomb of "the prophet Isa and his mother" still stands.

Jesus visited there, got acquainted with the local philosophy and studied yoga to perfection.
When he was crucified, he stupidly pretended to be a corpse, entered the state of "samadhi". And Longinus poked him with his spear so as not to damage important organs. Maybe coryphani? The Romans thought him (Jesus) dead and left him. Then the mother took off Jesus and they fled to India, where they lived a long and relatively happy life.

Well, why not a plot for the next bestseller and blockbuster by the author of The Da Vinci Code

[vova1910]

Quote: Illanatol

That is, Assyrian.

then he is not a descendant of King David

[Illanatol]

It's not clear if he was at all. Or is it just a collective image, a man-myth.
And as for the genealogy ... who then could be 100% sure that your son is really your son?
There was no genetic testing then.
So there was gossip about the Virgin Mary that she cheated on her husband with a Roman legionnaire of Greek origin named Panther.

[vladcub]

Comrades, my opinion: the "Jewish" question is artificially scandalous .. If, look at history, the Jews were INTENTIONALLY made extreme.
When someone had to show off, I prefer the old expressions, he began to raise this topic
Here I am what a defender of the true faith.

[garik77]

Quote: dauria

In Orthodoxy (unlike Catholics), God the Father, God the Son and the Holy Spirit are one.

Catholics are exactly the same. There are completely different differences that arose mainly after the Great Schism. For example, the dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary (we only have the Immaculate Conception of Christ), the filioque (the difference is that in our country the Holy Spirit comes only from God the Father, while for the Latins it comes from the Son), well, and a number of other differences https:/ /www.pravmir.ru/katolitsizm/#i-4
Therefore, during the transition from Catholicism to Orthodoxy, re-baptism is not required, but only repentance (confession). Those. Third rank.

[Illanatol]

Quote: Krasnodar

If not from the lineage of David, then it cannot be the Messiah?
Then what is the essence of Christianity?

From the point of view of the Jews - there is no point in Christianity. That's why they didn't accept it. Or others accepted with reservations, but much later (Protestantism, the creation of conversions).
And Christ is really not the Messiah, from the point of view of the Jews. The real Messiah should be much more brutal, without any snot like "hit on one cheek - turn the other."
The real Messiah - like the Terminator multiplied by the Golem - will save all the Jews, and he will kick all the enemies.

[Illanatol]

Quote: Fitter65

- PAPA!!! - exclaimed Christ.
- Pinocchio!? - the man was surprised. This parable was once told by Armen Dzhigarkhonyan...

Yes, I remember a vulgar anecdote.

- Listen, we spent the night, but did not even get to know each other. My name is Mary Magdalene, and yours?
- I am Jesus Christ.
- I've never heard. But I can tell - you fuck like God.

[Illanatol]

Quote: dauria

Faith is exactly the same. It protects the brain from damage. A person closes his eyes and "goes blind" for a while. But he keeps his eyesight.

Faith brain can atrophy. Why think, reflect, look for answers?
After all, there is a universal answer skeleton key "everything according to the will of God."

Religiosity of consciousness is a sign of infantilism. The child really has his own God (Gods) - his parents.
The child grows up, becomes an adult, he has to solve problems and overcome difficulties on his own. But not everyone does it, and life is very uncomfortable. So they come up with a heavenly "father-mother" for themselves, in order to cry at least in a vest and look for consolation.
And for the supplement
1. In a world in which God(s) would actually exist, religion would lose its meaning.
2. Every believer in the world in which there is a God (Gods) is definitely more sinful (especially the sin of pride) than an atheist and a priori less moral, all other things being equal.
3. People believe in God precisely because he does not exist. There is no need to believe in something that exists objectively. We do not believe in the Moon and the Sun, because we know that they exist. The place of faith is where there is no place for knowledge.

[Cartalon]

That's right, but religion is useful in organizing society

[Illanatol]

Quote: Cartalon

That's right, but religion is useful in organizing society

Was. At what not society in general, but a society of inequality and exploitation. "There is no power but from God."
The problem is that religion has practically lost this function. In fact, modern man, on the whole, is not religious, even if he considers himself a believer. Few people take into account any commandments in their practical actions. Religion was replaced in this post by ideology (sometimes implicit).

[Cartalon]

Come on, in the USSR, Marxism-Leninism was happily turned into a religion.
Antiquity collapsed when it became non-religious.
And the current non-religious society is actively pushing Islam.

[Illanatol]

Quote: Cartalon

Come on, in the USSR, Marxism-Leninism was happily turned into a religion.
Antiquity collapsed when it became non-religious.
And the current non-religious society is actively pushing Islam.

Your second thesis contradicts the first. Like, antiquity collapsed because religiosity was not enough, and the USSR because it turned out to be too religious.
Decide already what is better: to have a lot of religion or a little.

As for Islam, even the figurative expression "accept Islam" (in the sense of sticking flippers together) appeared. Although Islam is very popular, which is true, the contribution of countries where this religion prevails to world science, culture, technological development is strikingly modest.
And the faithful are forced to use nishtyaks created by atheist infidels who prefer science to religious dogmas.

[Cartalon]

I didn’t say anything about the reasons for the death of the USSR, what a manner of attributing statements.
Religious consciousness leads to the regression of science, this is a fact, but the materialistic society is actively decomposing, which we have had the pleasure of observing in recent decades.

[Illanatol]

But that's exactly what they meant, there's nothing to deny.
And where is it, "materialistic society", by the way? Europe? USA? And nothing that totalitarian sects thrive in this "materialistic society", and ideological clichés ("human rights", "freedom of speech", etc.) even more like religious dogmas than "Marxism-Leninism" that you clearly dislike?
Yes, a "materialistic society" was taking shape in the West during the Renaissance and the Enlightenment. But everything has long been crossed out by postmodernism and transhumanism. This is no longer materialism, this is something else ...

[Cartalon]

You are not able to read my thoughts, I wrote exactly what I wrote.
Well, why is progressive materialism losing ground then?
Zhido - are the Masons to blame or does materialism not pull human consciousness?

[Illanatol]

Quote: Cartalon

You are not able to read my thoughts, I wrote exactly what I wrote.
Well, why is progressive materialism losing ground then?
Zhido - are the Masons to blame or does materialism not pull human consciousness?

A person always says (writes) more than he wants to say.

What's the difference? The result is important. And the "Jewish Masons" are to blame, since the elites need the rationality of "biomass" no more than an umbrella for a fish. And the "human consciousness" of formatted philistines is not drawn to materialism, it is better to operate with ready-made stamps than to seriously think and face the truth (often uncomfortable and unpleasant).

[Bashibuzuk1]

D. Yavornytsky's "History of the Zaporizhzhya Cossacks" has only one chapter: "Cossacks and Jews", everything is briefly written there, all materials about them were kept in the archives of the Lviv Magistrate, but they "suddenly burned down" after V. Yushchenko came to power. You probably understood that there was nothing good from the "chosen ones" of God to the common people.

[Ivanov_Vanya]

“Now, from all the Russian land, all the Jews with all their property should be sent out and continue not to let them in” - yes, there would have been no catastrophe of 1917.

"A people without national self-consciousness is manure on which other peoples grow." "They have already convinced us destructively once that there are no nations, and taught us to destroy our own as soon as possible. Which, insanely, we did then." "Something similar to fascism, no doubt, took place in Russia of the XX century." (Kozhinov). "There was no fascism before your revolution, we lived and live under the unrelenting regime of terror and violence, turned into slaughtered animals" (Pavlov, academician).

Zinoviev: "So that a united Soviet Union would appear all over the world" (with the deputies of the workers and the Krestyans) - this is the main thing for which they needed Russia, the same expendable material as the Ukrainians are today. WHAT "mind, honor and conscience" have done here - this is genocide. Here is just one example: a friend of our common grandfather Ilyich (the only one whom he called by name), Zinoviev (real name Radomyslsky Ovsey Gersh Aronovich, member of the Central Committee, head of Petrograd and the Comintern): “We must carry with us ninety million out of a hundred who inhabit Soviet Russia. You can’t talk to the rest - they must be destroyed” (1918). "Over the next four years, even twice as many people became victims - about 20 (not 10) million" (Kozhinov, not noticed in anti-Semitism, even his wife is Jewish). This is only 4 years of non-Russian power and only those killed ....

[Ivanov_Vanya]

"MIND, HONOR and CONSCIENCE of our era" (burry Lenin)

[restless]

Where the Jews are rulers, foreign blood is shed there, for example: Ukraine and Russia, all the supreme Jews, but the Slavs cut each other, some said that they are Sumerians and will not be responsible for their atrocities, and we, at the suggestion of the Jews, know that we are warriors of light, although everyone has several passports, once again the deadline for foreign citizenship has been extended for a year, there will be news, but the soldiers' committees are already ripening ...

[Alexander Kuksin]

Somehow, for a long time, I was interested in the question of the expulsion of Jews from everywhere, from Europe, Asia, Russia, and even from ancient China. After a long search, I found the answer in the Jewish Encyclopedia. And he completely satisfied me and became the basis of my worldview. Not at all pretending to its correctness and not wanting to enter into discussions with pundits. The Jewish Encyclopedia says that the people are divided into two parts - Jews and Jews. The Jews, relatively speaking, refer to the house of Moses, and the Jews to the house of Judah. And in fact the Jews do not recognize the dogma of the Jews. And there are examples of prominent Jewish thinkers saying that these Jewish dogmas and customs are unacceptable. Among the Jews you will not meet a shoemaker or a locksmith, a tailor or a watchmaker. The working profession is the lot of the Jew. The Jew, on the other hand, believes that he is chosen to command others and live at their expense. Because these are bankers, politicians, teachers, traders. Jew Christ expelled from the temple of whom? Persian or Roman? Jewish merchants! They crucified him with the hands of the Romans. Look, where only what disgusting there will always see the Jews. After all, it was not for nothing that Trotsky erected a monument to Cain in Sviyazhsk. Zelensky does not know history, otherwise he would have put Cain on the pedestal of Empress Catherine.
But the peoples of the world do not care whether you are a Jew or a Jew. For him, it's all the same. And it is the Jews who often suffer, because in mimicry the Jews have reached perfection and hide behind the backs of the Jews.

[Electrical]

What won't they do for a living? Even cross! With which Russian power is full!

[costa_2]

That's interesting, in the State Duma and the government at least 20 percent of the Jews. Here's how the same Khinshtein read this ??