Pages of wondrous beauty

112
Pages of wondrous beauty
The author in front of the Manes Code book in Český Krumlov Castle, 2017


Tell me, Semyon, my boyar - he is a book reader, he loves histories of honor, but are you literate?
- I studied ... in the monastery of Cheti-Minei people and something else ... I know grammar and prosody, I studied little ...
– That's okay! And I so "Bov Korolevich" member. There is Polkan the bogatyr, then she read a book, translated from Fryazhsky, like Bova, - in that book a lot is written about the polkans, that they abducted their wives, and how they were all killed later, only in Fryazhsky the polkans are called centaurs ... Both of these books - Bova and about the centaurs - the holy one saw and threw it into the oven, into the fire, and he gave me honor "Color Triode".

"People Walking", Chapygin Alexey Pavlovich

History and culture of the Middle Ages. Today we will not talk about knights, but about medieval manuscripts, the earliest and perhaps the most beautiful of everything that has ever been written or drawn in books. Such manuscripts are called illuminated, and they are medieval colorful handmade books, and the text in them can be written in gold and silver ink or paints based on natural pigments. The pages of such manuscripts are usually decorated with silver and gold ornaments, and very often with bright colored miniatures, the colors of which have not yet faded. The earliest manuscripts are limited in their content to the texts of their Holy Scriptures, divine hymns, and religious calendars. So in terms of informing the historian, they give quite little: and the most interesting thing about them is the place and time of their writing.



There are manuscripts that were dedicated to ancient authors such as Virgil, Homer and others. They contain more information, since the ancient manuscripts themselves have practically not come down to us. But for an art historian there is no greater joy than to look at these manuscripts, and all because they are simply decorated with amazing ornaments. These manuscripts, according to historians, often to order, were created in the countries of Western Europe between 500 and 1600 by monks in monasteries (nuns also took part in this, but later), church parishes, and since they required a lot of work, they cost a lot. expensive. It should be noted that the creation of some of them took a year, and even up to several decades! Of course, only very wealthy people could order such a handwritten masterpiece. Nevertheless, the demand for illuminated manuscripts was so great that many of them have come down to us. For example, Froissart's "Chronicles" have come down to us in 86 lists, which are in the libraries of London, Paris, New York and Bruges.

As soon as the printing press of Johannes Gutenberg appeared (and this happened in the 1440s), the era of handwritten books began to gradually come to an end. But among the elite of society, it was handwritten books that were most valued. Medieval collectors, and there were already then, despised books printed with a manual printing press, and, as before, ordered handwritten manuscripts from monks. Very few of the most interesting books that are genuine works of art have come down to us.


Carpet page "Books from Durrow". Stored at Trinity College Dublin Library

First of all, it is the "Book from Durrow" (650-700). It is believed to be the oldest illuminated manuscript in Europe. And this is the oldest evangelical text that has come down to our days. Where it was created is not exactly known. They call both the island of Iona and Lindisfarne Abbey.


The Man from The Book of Durrow

On the pages of the book you can find twelve intertwined initials (the first letter in the text, in Rus' such letters were called drop caps), and they are so large that they occupy most of the page and represent completely unique examples of illumination from a time so far from us. There are also five miniatures depicting the four Evangelists and John the Baptist, the size of a full page, and six more so-called "carpet" pages, entirely from ornaments alone.


Another "carpet page"...

The "carpet" pages are covered with a complex Celtic ornament, made with amazing craftsmanship. I just can’t believe how you can draw all this so neatly and clearly with simple hands and hair brushes. Both gold and silver inks are widely used, and this is the first time they have been used to design an illuminated gospel. Why is this book so important? Here's what: it's the basic text that shaped the Roman Catholic Church and has used it for over 1000 years. And it remains the basis of the Bible for today's Christian church.


"Scribe skribas!" - The scribe writes. "Code Amiatinus" in the Medici Laurenzian Library. Photo by Roberta Ahmanson

The Codex Amiatinus or Codex Amiatinus (late 30th - early 35th century) is considered the oldest manuscript Bible in Latin. And it was created by the monks of the abbey of Monquirmouth-Jarrow in the kingdom of Northumbria, after which it was sent as a gift to the pope. It's funny that this book weighs like a good bag of cement: 1040-1029 kg and contains XNUMX sheets of parchment, of which XNUMX have come down to us.


The text begins with a full color image of the scribe Ezra working in his office.

Created at the end of the XNUMXth - beginning of the XNUMXth century, this manuscript is kept in the Laurenzian Library, Florence. The illustrations are bright and colorful. There is a preface written in gold ink on purple paper, a luxury reserved only for the most important texts, usually for emperors. There are charts of the Testaments based on the writings of St. Jerome and St. Augustine.

The "Gospel of Lindisfarne" (c. 700-715) was born on the "holy island" of Lindisfarne within the walls of the monastery of St. Cuthbert and contains the four canonical Gospels of the New Testament. And it also has "carpet" pages with Celtic crosses, framed by fantastic birds, bird and animal body ornaments, and bright half-page initials with red dot borders. Located in the British Library in London.


Page 27 of the Lindisfarne Gospel, introduction to the Gospel of Matthew. On the left is the "carpet page". The main text contains the first sentence of the Gospel of Matthew: "Liber Generationis Iesu Christi filii David filii Abraham" ("The Book of the Birth of Jesus Christ, son of David, son of Abraham")


Another Carpet Page from the Lindisfarne Gospel

Next in time is the Book of Kells. The following is known about it: when in 793 the Vikings attacked the monastery of St. Cuthbert, this book miraculously survived, and it was transported away “from sin” to the city of Durham, in the north-east of England. That is, in 793 it was already written. It is the Book of Kells that can be considered the most illuminated manuscript of the early Middle Ages. It was made by the labors of many monks from the monastery of St. Columba on the island of Iona, but then, due to the constant threat from the Vikings, they transported it to the Monastery of Kells in Ireland.


Sheet 34 of the Book of Kells, containing the monogram Chi-Rho (χρ), the first letters of the name Christos in Greek. Trinity College Library, Dublin


Sheet 291 of the Book of Kells, containing a portrait of the Evangelist John. Trinity College Library, Dublin

The book is very richly illuminated, that is, decorated with illustrations, as well as colorful ornaments and colored miniatures. And what is interesting and yet inexplicable: on the pages of this manuscript there are decorative elements that can only be seen with a magnifying glass that has a tenfold increase. In particular, such ornamental elements can be seen on initial letters and in some illustrations. But at that time there were no lenses with such magnification. So how was it all drawn? If we ignore the aliens, the descendants of the Atlanteans and the "antediluvian civilization", then there is only one acceptable option: the artist who designed it was simply short-sighted. Here he worked in such a microscopic technique, because he simply could not work in another!

Interestingly, the adventures of the Book of Kells are reflected even in ... animation! In 2009, directed by Tomm Moore, a full-length color cartoon The Secret of Kells was shot - the plot of which is the story of the rescue and completion of the Book of Kells at the beginning of the XNUMXth century.

To be continued ...
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112 comments
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  1. Fat
    +4
    7 December 2022 05: 26
    How many amazing beauties are made by hands!
    But the hands are still far from piercing heights,
    to divine, and eternal, and imperishable beauty,
    that temptation flows down to us from an inaccessible height.

    Thank you, Vyacheslav Olegovich. smile
    1. +4
      7 December 2022 08: 13
      I join the kind words of Andrey!
      1. +6
        7 December 2022 10: 26
        I join the kind words of Andrey!

        Hi all! drinks I join the kind words about the article. Yes
        To the author - Vyacheslav Olegovich, I have long concluded for myself that it is more pleasant for me to read about art and architecture than about trunks and armor. what I would very much like new articles about castles and little-known places. Moreover, you have now encroached on such a cluster of history in which there is only "dig and dig". You mentioned a number of such historical places and historical figures who had a huge impact, I would venture to guess, not only on the culture of the British Isles, but also on the world, and therefore on history.
        Iona, Lindisfarne, Durham with its history and sights are iconic places. Cuthbert, Aidan, the cunning copywriter of Columbus (from whom everything is wrapped up ...) - people are more than interesting. hi
        You and a pen in your hands! Yes
        1. +6
          7 December 2022 15: 01
          [quote = Panya Kokhanku] and a pen in hand [/ quote]
          Yes, dear Nikolai, thanks for the interesting suggestions
          [quote = Panya Kohanku] [quote]:
          To the author - Vyacheslav Olegovich, I have long concluded for myself that it is more pleasant for me to read about art and architecture than about trunks and armor. what I would very much like new articles about castles and little-known places.
          The article about little-known places is already being moderated.
          About castles... will be soon. But it will also be about guns.

          He also received permission from a foreign library to use her books of 1425-1535. Now I'm starting to write a book on these materials. Large and beautifully illustrated. Book "Brilliant Middle Ages. Knights and Castles" (Both of them are in miniatures!) Already handed over to the publishing house. Well, and when I write a book based on the above-mentioned books, it’s natural that I will also get into VO. And even earlier ... But someone wants to talk about technology ...
          1. 0
            9 December 2022 00: 55
            Interesting about the manuscripts.
            But still, on "TopWar" I would like to read texts on the topic of the site.
            1. 0
              9 December 2022 10: 14
              Quote: Shurik70
              But still, on "TopWar" I would like to read texts on the topic of the site.

              Are you really so interested in reading all the time about murders and the means by which they are carried out?
              1. 0
                9 December 2022 22: 08
                Quote: kalibr
                Are you really so interested in reading all the time about murders and the means by which they are carried out?

                Here you go into the museum of painting, and there are tanks.
                Ask: "Why are there tanks in the Museum of Painting?",
                And in response to you: "Aren't you interested in learning about military equipment?".
                Here the same situation. The article, no matter how high-quality it is, does not correspond to the subject of the site at all.
                1. 0
                  10 December 2022 06: 38
                  Quote: Shurik70
                  Article,

                  You read the comments, right? So far, you are the only one for ... several thousand who have read it. Whom should I refer to? For one or for 7600?
                  1. 0
                    11 December 2022 14: 57
                    Quote: kalibr
                    Whom should I refer to?

                    Of course - ONLY for yourself personally.
                    On its logic and morality.
                    As for the other comments - I guess others just appreciated the quality of the article (really decent), without thinking about its inappropriateness here.
                    I don't think you can convince me. But my opinion, I think, will be remembered by you in the next publications, and, perhaps, will even force you to slightly correct new publications.
                    Good luck in your work
                    hi
                    1. +1
                      11 December 2022 15: 58
                      Quote: Shurik70
                      Good luck in your work

                      Dear Alexander! I always welcome a constructive exchange of views. Here are stupid tricks like: What do you smoke the author ?, I don’t like
            2. -1
              9 December 2022 19: 38
              And I am extremely interested - how were bestiaries and all sorts of witchcraft treatises made out? After all, was it like that?
              1. 0
                10 December 2022 06: 39
                Quote: eule
                how bestiaries were made

                I promise to give material about bestiaries. According to witchcraft treatises - no. I have never done occult writing.
  2. +3
    7 December 2022 05: 55
    (the nuns also took part in this, but later)
    Rabid male chauvinism!)))
    1. +3
      7 December 2022 08: 13
      Quote: 3x3zsave
      (the nuns also took part in this, but later)
      But later…. laughing
      Rabid male chauvinism!)))
      1. +1
        9 December 2022 01: 02
        They would say "mostly nuns did this" - they would say that chauvinists exploited female labor
        But in fact, the nuns were just lazier. But over time, as there were more and more people, the percentage of nuns, lawyers and other idlers who were fed by the worker-peasant people became more and more, so the nuns also had to work to feed themselves.
        laughing
        (for those who did not understand the humor - it was a joke)
        1. 0
          9 December 2022 07: 41
          But in fact, the nuns were just lazier.

          Perhaps the division of labor along gender lines. Sewing and embroidering is no less creative work than copying books. The first and second in the Western European monasteries were put on stream and brought a lot of money to the church.
          1. 0
            9 December 2022 13: 11
            Quote: Kote pane Kohanka
            Possibly gender division of labor

            Perhaps it would be if the monasteries were common.
            But in fact, in the monastery everyone was of the same sex, and the monasteries were completely self-supporting. So everything had to be done by the nuns, from the notorious hammering of nails to the work of loaders.
            Another thing is that Christianity during the time of Obscurantism really lowered the status of a woman to "subhuman" (the Snake succumbed to persuasion, because of her they were expelled from Paradise). So no one would allow a woman not only to rewrite scientific and theological works, but even just to "read in the library."
            "- Here's a Bible for you, and this will be enough for you for all occasions. "
    2. +3
      7 December 2022 08: 15
      Quote: 3x3zsave
      (the nuns also took part in this, but later)
      But later…. laughing
      Rabid male chauvinism!)))
  3. +10
    7 December 2022 06: 52
    this book weighs like a good bag of cement: 30-35 kg
    A "good" bag of cement should weigh 50 kilograms. Everything else is later insinuations.
    Thank you, Vyacheslav Olegovich!
    1. +5
      7 December 2022 07: 21
      But for "dummies" it is more convenient to carry smaller bags.
      1. +4
        7 December 2022 07: 33
        Everything is different here, depending on the packaging. I'm serious, because I carry a lot of different things.
        1. +4
          7 December 2022 07: 40
          I do not argue. I understand that I am talking to a professional.
        2. +4
          7 December 2022 17: 04
          As a specialist I ask - this did not come across? wassat



          Hello Anton! smile
    2. +3
      7 December 2022 07: 23
      In Penza, in the Vector store, I have only 30 kg each. never seen 50.
      1. +6
        7 December 2022 07: 29
        Local victory of the duodecimal number system.
        1. +6
          7 December 2022 07: 41
          And when the milk is less than a liter, whose victory is this?
          1. +4
            7 December 2022 07: 58
            And when the milk is less than a liter, whose victory is this?
            Systems
            "The plastic world has won
            The layout turned out to be stronger "(c)
            1. +4
              7 December 2022 08: 17
              One of my friends, he cost two, he was not used to waiting;
              Every day was the last of days.
              He tried this world for strength every moment -
              The world has become stronger.
              Well, sleep well, forgotten idol,
              You took your tops more than once

              Do not bend under a changeable world -
              Better he bend under us,
              One day he will bend under us.
              1. +4
                7 December 2022 17: 10
                One said: Freedom is our reward,
                We are taking the train where we need to go.
                Another said: There is no need to ask:
                As we sit in it, so we get off.

                And the first one shouted: The road is open for us
                For many, many years.
                The second answered: Not so much -
                It's all about the ticket price.

                And the first one shouted: Where we want - we go there,
                And we can, if necessary, turn,
                The second answered that the train will pass
                Only where the path is laid.

                And both got off somewhere near Taganrog,
                Among the endless fields
                And everyone went his own way,
                And the train went on its own.
                1. +3
                  7 December 2022 20: 48
                  Equilibrium does not hold our car,
                  Like a drunk swinging in the night.
                  Only the sound of an empty container is heard,
                  Yes, the keys jingle quietly in your pocket.

                  A little smaller than a box with a letter,
                  A little more - from the French castle.
                  Behind was an unclosed house,
                  Unfinished line ahead.

                  I'll sit down - I'll go, dispel sadness,
                  I'll be back on Wednesday afternoon.


                  1. +3
                    7 December 2022 21: 15
                    I'll choose the bluest sea
                    White-very white I will take the steamer,
                    I'll sit down - I'll go straight on the road
                    All sunrise, sunrise, sunrise.

                    In the Far East, the guns are silent,
                    Young boys miss girls
                    Missing girls
                    Do not whine, do not grumble,
                    The materiel is kept in order
                    And they knock on dominoes.
                    1. +2
                      7 December 2022 21: 25
                      Hi Uncle Kostya!
                      Did you compose it yourself? Well, remembering that you served in the Far East ...
                      1. +4
                        7 December 2022 22: 24
                        Hello Anton! smile
                        You flatter me, "the Lord did not vouchsafe me" for versification. request
                        Except for weapons.
                        "Having gathered for a visit, in between times,
                        Take the Parabellum with you laughing
        2. +2
          7 December 2022 08: 36
          Quote: 3x3zsave
          Local victory

          But I, Anton, can still lift it. For example, I needed 11 bags of concrete mix for the path in the country. And the quality was very good. Inside, I laid reinforcement in two rows, some special fabric on the ground. I made the bumpers, I interfered with the mixture with an electric drill. Everything was done quickly, flooded, after 24 hours it was possible to run and jump. Then he painted over with a compound for strengthening concrete, he filled all the cracks. Now both rain and mud in this direction are not terrible. Yes, and on the well for the tap from the water pipe was enough to put a bucket there.
          1. +3
            7 December 2022 11: 44
            Quote: kalibr
            Now both rain and mud in this direction are not terrible.

            The cultural layer grows about a centimeter per year. smile
            1. +3
              7 December 2022 14: 54
              Quote: Trilobite Master
              about a centimeter per year

              I have a thickness of about 15 cm. Enough for seven years before it is leveled with the ground, but even then it is better to walk on concrete than on damp earth.
              1. +2
                7 December 2022 15: 59
                I mean, yes, in a couple of decades, or even earlier, the concrete will begin to fill with mud and you will either have to pour it in or even dismantle the structure. Moreover, over time, the concrete monolith will begin to crack, since the earth under it will walk from season to season ... We solved this problem in a simpler way - we covered the ASG. In terms of performance, it is in no way inferior and you can always add and level it.
                1. +3
                  7 December 2022 16: 58
                  Quote: Trilobite Master
                  sprinkle and smooth.

                  Well, five years is enough. One track has been standing for three years and nothing. And there it will be seen, it will be needed, it will be possible to build on it. I have a main path made of slabs with a curb. It is high, on a gravel-sand base, and concrete branches go from it.
            2. The comment was deleted.
  4. +5
    7 December 2022 07: 09
    Fine, but I'm sure that there are still copies in the windows, barbarism to expose the pages of the ancient incubula, which does not detract from interest in the slightest.
    1. +6
      7 December 2022 07: 25
      Quote: Icelord
      still copies in the windows

      Facsimile editions of course. But outwardly they do not differ from the originals.
  5. +3
    7 December 2022 07: 20
    Thank you!

    Each book has its own identity. And in different publications and information is perceived differently.

    I hope paper books will remain in our lives.
  6. +6
    7 December 2022 07: 37
    As soon as the printing press of Johannes Gutenberg appeared, the era of handwritten books began to gradually come to an end.

    I hate Gutenberg - he invented typos! ©
  7. +5
    7 December 2022 08: 22
    It should be noted that the creation of some of them took a year, and even up to several decades!

    The fundamental issue of the development of civilization is the accumulation, availability and exchange of information.
    Yesterday I had to go to the library, today - "ok google". Before the advent of the printing press, I’m even afraid to imagine how difficult and expensive it was !!!
  8. +8
    7 December 2022 08: 44
    First of all, it is the "Book from Durrow" (650-700). It is believed to be the oldest illuminated manuscript in Europe. And this is the oldest evangelical text that has come down to our days.

    Let me disagree with this statement of the author.

    Gospel Rossano - VI century.

    Codex Argenteus, written for the Ostrogothic king Theodoric the Great, early XNUMXth century.
    1. +5
      7 December 2022 09: 45
      Obviously so, but I read somewhere that there are no pictures in them. So there is...
    2. Fat
      +8
      7 December 2022 11: 19
      hiThe Vatican Virgil (lat. Vergilius Vaticanus, inventory designation Cod. Vat. Lat. 3225) is an illuminated manuscript dated to the last third of the 9th or the beginning of the 12th century, one of three illuminated manuscripts on parchment that have survived from antiquity. Includes fragments of "Aeneid" (75 of 50 songs) and "Georgics" (two books of four) by Virgil. XNUMX leaves with XNUMX illustrations have survived, some of which take up a whole page; according to experts, this is about a quarter of the original manuscript.

      Vergilius Romanus - Virgil's manuscript contains the Aeneid, the Georgics, and some eclogues. One of the few surviving antique illuminated manuscripts, dates back to the 3867th century. Located in the Vatican Library (MS Vat. lat. XNUMX).





      Well, besides, the Ambrosian Iliad (Milan, Ambrosian Library, Cod. F. 205 Inf.) is an illustrated manuscript of the 5th century on parchment from Homer's Iliad. Presumably, it was produced in Constantinople at the end of the 6th or the beginning of the 493th century AD, in particular between 508 and XNUMX.
      In general, not all codes are Christian texts and not all pre-Christian literature on scrolls smile
      1. +3
        7 December 2022 11: 28
        Andrei Borisovich! You are well done! Thank you so much for such a thoughtful and informative comment.
      2. +5
        7 December 2022 14: 33
        hello friends hi
        Happy New Year, everyone!
        Andrey Borisovich is right - "The Book from Darrow" is not the most ancient illuminated manuscript.
        By the way, here is its full digitized version on the website of the Trinity College Library (Dublin): https://digitalcollections.tcd.ie/home/#folder_id=184..
        1. Fat
          +3
          7 December 2022 15: 43
          Greetings Dmitry. Neither I nor Vyacheslav Olegovich wrote this about the "Book from Darrow"
          Author's words.
          There are manuscripts that were dedicated to ancient authors such as Virgil, Homer and others. They contain more information, since the ancient manuscripts themselves have practically not come down to us.

          Just added. In addition, non-canonical "Itals" were also illuminated. The "Quedlinburg Itala" is known, dating from the end of the 4th to the beginning of the 5th century, this is a Latin translation of Old Testament stories. Miraculously preserved 6 sheets are stored in Berlin, in the State Library. For some reason, they are considered by art historians to be the oldest of those that have survived to this day ...
          The miniatures were poorly preserved, so technical notes intended for the illustrator appeared under the peeling paint, which usually spelled out the plot of the image and some details that needed to be displayed. This seems to indicate that the illustrations were original, intended specifically for this instance, and not copied from earlier images. The number of miniatures surpasses that of any other biblical manuscript, and their style is reminiscent of the Vatican's Virgil and the mosaics of Santa Maria Maggiore.


          Itala is the name of the Latin translations of the Bible made before the canonical translation of Jerome (end of the XNUMXth century). Jerome's translation was called the Vulgate.
          Maybe it would be worth mentioning the Cotton Genesis - a richly illuminated manuscript of the Old Testament book of Genesis in Greek, dating from the turn of the 500th and 1731th centuries (about 134 years). It is named after the Cotton Library in which it was kept. After a fire in Westminster Ashburnham House in October XNUMX, XNUMX fragments of parchment remained from the manuscript, badly burned and wrinkled from the temperature ...
          Thanks so much for the link.
          1. +3
            7 December 2022 16: 18
            Tolstoy (Andrey Borisovich Pestrikov):Greetings Dmitry. Neither I nor Vyacheslav Olegovich wrote this about the "Book from Darrow"

            Of course they didn't write. You just denied the following with your comment:
            It is believed to be the oldest illuminated manuscript in Europe. And this is the oldest evangelical text that has come down to our days.

            So I naturally agree with you. I always enjoy reading your comments.
            1. Fat
              +2
              7 December 2022 17: 19
              Quote: Richard
              You just denied the following with your comment:
              It is believed to be the oldest illuminated manuscript in Europe. And this is the oldest evangelical text that has come down to our days.

              How did you refute it?
              The Book of Durrow is the oldest complete picture book of the gospels produced in Britain and Ireland that has come down to us. Contents - four Gospels and auxiliary tables in the preface to them. The gospel of Matthew, the gospel of Mark, the gospels of Luke and John. They are preceded by texts that are often associated with a letter of that time from St. Jerome to Pope Damasius I; four glossaries of Hebrew terms, tables of canons by Eusebius of Caesarea, four tables of chapters in condensed form, and four prologues of the gospels. The biblical text is a version of the Vulgate, very close to the original, with no Irish influence. The order of the gospels also follows the Vulgate, but the order of characters seems to follow the Vetus Latina (the collection of Latin translations of the Bible that were in use before the Vulgate).

              The European origin of the Rossan code is doubtful, most likely the code was executed in the eastern provinces of the empire. Apparently, the codex came to Rossano in the XNUMXth century along with Christians who fled from Muslim expansion.
              Anyway smile
        2. +4
          7 December 2022 16: 55
          hello friends

          I am very glad to see you again, Dmitry! drinks Don't disappear anymore!
          1. +4
            7 December 2022 17: 19
            Thanks for not forgetting drinks
            I haven't been here in a while lol,
            The construction took more than a year. Now we are slowly settling in, although the interior decoration is not yet completely finished. So, if possible, I will appear on VO
            1. +4
              7 December 2022 17: 20
              The construction took more than a year. Now we are slowly settling in, although the interior decoration is not yet completely finished. So, if possible, I will appear on VO

              I would very much like to. And I thought you weren't coming. recourse
              1. +4
                7 December 2022 17: 52
                God willing, I will be in St. Petersburg in the summer - we will definitely call
                1. +4
                  7 December 2022 18: 05
                  God willing, I will be in St. Petersburg in the summer - we will definitely call

                  Certainly! drinks
            2. +6
              7 December 2022 18: 29
              Quote: Richard
              I will appear

              So here it is! Unexpectedly, I won’t hide it. And I’ve already lost hope of seeing you, Dmitry, to see you on the resource. I wrote to you, wrote on * soap *, but ??? Well? good
              1. +4
                7 December 2022 18: 57
                Seryozha, my respect hi
                I wrote to you, wrote on * soap *, but ???

                So the construction went on, the Internet was connected only a few days ago
                1. +5
                  7 December 2022 19: 06
                  Quote: Richard
                  hooked up

                  Understandable. Well, your appearance is a pleasant surprise! hi
  9. +6
    7 December 2022 12: 10
    the creation of some of them took a year, and even up to several decades!

    It was always interesting how the calculations for such work were carried out.
    For example, you gave the estate to the monastery as payment and you have been waiting for a book for ten years ... It's kind of boring.
    Or once a month you come to the monastery, you look - yeah, things are going on, already seven sheets are ready, here's your money. Only here ... and also here - draw me a full-length naked woman. How can you not? And Eva? What do you mean you haven't seen naked women? Come to my castle, I'll show you. And here I have to stand with a sword in my hand. And next to me is my baroness, but dressed!
    Or maybe this: he ordered a book, agreed on a price, well, for example, on the transfer of the same estate and the monks began to work ... Ten years passed, the customer died on a campaign from combat diarrhea, his wife got married a second time and the estate went to her new husband jure uxoris (by right of wife), and then the local abbot comes with a ten-kilogram book in his hands and says, they say, here, here, you have a book as agreed, drive the manor. What for me a book instead of an estate, I don’t even know how to read ...
    I think it was like this. If we agreed to pay after the fact, then the book was made in a year. If the money was paid in advance, then the same book was made for ten years.
    smile
    1. +5
      7 December 2022 12: 27
      What do you mean you haven't seen naked women? Come to my castle, I'll show you. And here I have to stand with a sword in my hand. And next to me is my baroness, but dressed!

      Michael, this is how a revolution of morals would have been staged in a monastery. laughing The monks would stop fasting and keep the commandments!

      In order not to become an accidental victim,
      Unintelligible and dead
      In order not to become an innocent victim of counter-sex revolutions -
      It is necessary to castrate the whole world,
      Become just God's bird
      Just a sexless bird of God

      .... (and then foul language)
      Mikhail Elizarov. laughing
      1. +3
        7 December 2022 13: 44
        Quote: Pane Kohanku
        Just a sexless bird of God
        .... (and then foul language)

        And the birds do not (fight, laugh, erase, kill)
        Your choice, gentlemen hussars. laughing
        1. +4
          7 December 2022 14: 01
          Your choice, gentlemen hussars.

          Elizarov uttered the "anti-hussar" phrase. laughing Actually, he looks like a genius. what I don't like swear words in songs, but the lyrics, their irony are brilliant. good The cord on its background seems like a drunk drunk from the gateway. lol
          1. +3
            7 December 2022 14: 49
            I never believed in bright, beautiful elves, so the "Orc" of this author went with a bang. smile
            As for Cord, he has long, and a very long time, not an artist, but a businessman.
            1. +2
              7 December 2022 15: 54
              therefore, "Orcskaya" by this author went with a bang to me.

              Likewise. Discovered it by accident. He also has books. Talented as hell!
    2. +4
      7 December 2022 13: 18
      It was always interesting how the calculations for such work were carried out.
      If we ignore the early Middle Ages and turn to the high, we can find out that, for example, Christina of Pisa got 100 and 200 livres for writing two books.
      1. +2
        7 December 2022 13: 40
        Anton, for composing the text or for writing and design? It seems to me that they are different items of expenditure ... smile
        1. +2
          7 December 2022 14: 50
          Rather for compiling, Michael. It is not known who paid the scribe, but she wrote the draft herself.
          1. +3
            7 December 2022 16: 00
            That's what I thought too. The author's fee is only a part of the cost of publication, and the part is not the largest. smile
            1. +3
              7 December 2022 16: 59
              . Author's fee


              Fee - ambition - gonorrhea ... All words have the same root, why? belay

              Hi Michael hi
              1. +6
                7 December 2022 17: 11
                Fee - ambition - gonorrhea ... All words have the same root, why?

                If the root is "arrogance", then all the rubbish came from the clairvoyant! angry And don’t feed you, Kota, like sour cream, but let me think about the same-root words. wink You still remember the emperor Honorius, who gave Rome to the Goths to shame and plunder. laughing And his wife was probably called Gonorrhea, tell me more. tongue
                As your "nephew" says: "I'm not a syphilitic, I'm a philatelist!" laughing
                1. +3
                  7 December 2022 18: 04
                  : "I'm not a syphilitic, I'm a philatelist!"


                  Does one interfere with the other? Although I don't know counterfeiters. laughing
                  1. +2
                    7 December 2022 18: 09
                    Does one interfere with the other?

                    This is what you ask him. laughing
                    1. +2
                      7 December 2022 21: 30
                      Postage stamps are not sexually transmitted.
                      1. +2
                        7 December 2022 21: 41
                        Postage stamps are not sexually transmitted.

                        I don't know, I didn't collect. Maybe minnesingers have a different physiology, I don’t know, you know better. laughing
                        Although... a way to transfer postage stamps sexually... It's a start-up! belay Joe, we're rich! fellow good
                      2. +1
                        7 December 2022 21: 55
                        Maybe minnesingers have a different physiology,
                        Of course it's different. You must have forgotten that in addition to the tanker, the dog lover, the minnesinger, the miserable... (et cetera, I have forgotten all the epithets myself), I am also a Martian.
                      3. +1
                        7 December 2022 23: 51
                        I am also a Martian.

                        Yes, you are also a Terminator in addition. laughing

                        Many remember the "main musical mournful epic music" of the Terminator, but everyone forgot the VIA "Tani Kane and the Triangles", which played the truly main theme of the first film. good drinks

                2. +4
                  7 December 2022 18: 36
                  Quote: Pane Kohanku
                  If the root is "arrogance", then all rubbish

                  This is why I don't like *Honor* smartphones! bully
                  1. +3
                    7 December 2022 18: 45
                    This is why I don't like *Honor* smartphones!


                    Uncle, you forgot that today is a holiday! wink



                    I remind you - December 7 - International Drinking Buddy Day! good And since today at the forum everything is dignified and noble, as in the good old days (even Dmitry came!), Then, perhaps ... in an hour or two, I will allow a couple of glasses for you for all! Yes And even better - three glasses! drinks
                    1. Fat
                      +3
                      7 December 2022 19: 09
                      hi Greetings, Nikolai.
                      • Drinking buddy's day • Sleeper's day • Kissel maidens' day • St. Catherine's Day of memory • International Civil Aviation Day • Order of St. George's Day • Aircraft Engineering Service of the Russian Federation • Day of special children (Special Kids Day) • Hermitage Day in St. Petersburg • Memorial Day of the Holy Martyr Mercury of Smolensk • Memorial Day of the Holy Great Martyr Mercury of Caesarea • Memorial Day of St. Simon of Soyginsky • Day of the Burning of the Devil (Quema del diablo) - Guatemala • Memorial Day of the Spitak Earthquake Victims - Armenia • Small Candles Day (Dia de las velitas) - Colombia • Mevlana Festival in Konya - Turkey • National Farmer`s Day - Ghana • Student Day - Iran
                      Yes, we have a MASS of reasons even for a good feast. Three glasses - pfe ... drinks
                      1. +3
                        7 December 2022 21: 32
                        drinking buddy day

                        Yes, and I raised a glass for you for all, dear friends-interlocutors! drinks
                        Memorial Day of the Holy Martyr Mercury of Smolensk

                        Bobchinsky and Dobchinsky come to mind: "On Basil the Egyptian!" Honestly, I never followed the church holidays, except for Christmas and Easter. request And I didn’t follow Easter either - it changes every year. Soviet education! good
                        Three glasses - pfe ...

                        I'm going to take the third now... But what is three glasses to a Cossack? Pfe! drinks
                    2. +5
                      7 December 2022 19: 16
                      I will allow for you all a couple of glasses! yes And even better - three glasses!

                      Take orally according to the number of those present, this is clearly more than three glasses. Most importantly, do not switch to glasses. laughing drinks

                    3. +4
                      7 December 2022 20: 07
                      Quote: Pane Kohanku
                      And even better - three glasses!

                      Three shots? Only three shots? That's not even funny, right! No.
                      1. +3
                        7 December 2022 21: 32
                        Oh damn! I recognize brother Kolya!
                        Thank you, Sergey, have fun!
                      2. +3
                        7 December 2022 21: 38
                        Oh damn! I recognize brother Kolya!

                        As one famous handsome man, the baobab minstrel, says: "Go to your ass"! laughing
                        Ray Winston is Sergey Archiphil. good
                        And I, alas, playwright Ostrovsky! request All of you have seen my photo, find ten differences...


                        Here with you in the title role, Knight, I will write the next play ... wink drinks
                      3. +3
                        7 December 2022 21: 49
                        All of you have seen my photo, find ten differences...
                        You don’t have a fur robe, I’m starting to fear for the fate of the cat.
                      4. +3
                        7 December 2022 23: 49
                        You don’t have a fur robe, I’m starting to fear for the fate of the cat.

                        You didn't even upvote me, asshole. Apparently offended. laughing
                      5. +4
                        8 December 2022 06: 58
                        Quote: 3x3zsave
                        Thank you, Sergey, have fun!

                        This is exactly the kind of look I get * the next morning *! laughing
                        Good morning Anton!
                    4. +3
                      7 December 2022 20: 52
                      The son has already said.
                      However, today is the day of Catherine. So congratulations to your daughter.
                      1. +4
                        7 December 2022 21: 34
                        However, today is the day of Catherine. So congratulations to your daughter.

                        Good luck to her, Sergey! love
                      2. +3
                        7 December 2022 22: 06
                        Thank you very much, Nikolai!
                        We all need it.
                      3. +2
                        7 December 2022 23: 52
                        We all need it.

                        Yes, everything will be fine. We will write more articles on VO.
                      4. +2
                        8 December 2022 00: 31
                        This probably means a certain freedom, opportunity and desire. Very well!
                      5. +5
                        7 December 2022 21: 34
                        And my youngest turned eighteen today...
                        Damn, how old are we...
                      6. +4
                        7 December 2022 21: 43
                        And my youngest turned eighteen today...

                        Congratulations to you and him. Let everything be good in life. Yes
                        Guys, today the forum has revived. Thanks everyone.
                      7. +3
                        7 December 2022 22: 10
                        The combined choir will bring anything to life. It's harder to stop.
                      8. +3
                        8 December 2022 12: 37
                        Quote: Pane Kohanku
                        Guys, today the forum has revived. Thanks everyone.

                        * We are all weak, for people are ... * (c) laughing

                        Again *trip*! bully
                      9. +2
                        7 December 2022 22: 07
                        Congratulations!

                        Yes, it is noticeable on any notch (cut-off).
              2. +5
                7 December 2022 17: 35
                Greetings, Konstantinhi
                The original source is the ancient Roman honorarius. These are celebrations that were held in Rome in honor of distinguished citizens. From him came the Latin honorarium - reward for merit and work. As for gonorrhea, I don’t know, although there is some relation to a kind of remuneration for work on the intimate front laughing
                1. +5
                  7 December 2022 18: 00
                  Hello my friend! smile
                  I'm glad you're doing well with your build. We, too, have not finished the second floor to the end, and now it is generally unclear when everything will be finished.
                  And about gonorrhea, as a reward for labors in an intimate field, the joke is very funny. wink
                2. +5
                  7 December 2022 20: 27
                  Quote: Richard
                  As for gonorrhea, I don’t know, although some relation to a kind of remuneration for work on the intimate front is visible

                  And here the ancient Greeks ... worked hard. bully
              3. +4
                7 December 2022 17: 41
                Hello, Uncle Kostya.
                I draw your attention to the fact that the root "honor" is translated into Russian as "glory", so you have to be careful here - there is a risk of accidentally offending respected people. laughing
                1. +4
                  7 December 2022 18: 03
                  there is a risk of accidentally offending respected people. laughing

                  Everything! "I'll be dumb as a stove and not a word more!" Thanks for the advice, otherwise you can get stuck at the most I can't. wassat
                  1. +3
                    7 December 2022 20: 54
                    You are passionate, Paramosha... That's what is ruining you.
                    1. +4
                      7 December 2022 21: 18
                      You are passionate, Paramosha... That's what is ruining you.


                      1. +2
                        7 December 2022 22: 38
                        - Play with me in such a deck, - some fat man in the middle of the stalls cheerfully asked.

                        - Avek Pleaser! Fagot responded, “but why is it with you alone? Everyone will take part! - and commanded: - Please look up! ... One! - a pistol appeared in his hand, he shouted: - Two! The pistol was raised up. He called out: “Three! - flashed, thumped, and immediately from under the dome, diving between the trapezes, white papers began to fall into the hall.
                      2. +2
                        7 December 2022 22: 55
                        “A deck on the table, gentlemen, - A marked deck! He changed her." - "When?" “Baron, you drank water ... The jack is stabbed, it is! Baron, your debt is repaid! You are a rogue, your honor, - And I am at your service!

                      3. +2
                        8 December 2022 00: 29
                        The next evening Hermann appeared again at the table. Everyone was expecting him. The generals and privy councilors left their whist to see a game so extraordinary. The young officers jumped off the sofas; all the waiters gathered in the living room. Everyone surrounded Hermann. The other players didn't put their cards down, looking forward to how he would end up. Hermann stood at the table, preparing to ponte alone against the pale, but still smiling Chekalinsky. Each printed a deck of cards. Chekalinsky shuffled. Hermann removed and placed his card, covering it with a pile of banknotes. It looked like a duel. A profound silence reigned all around.

                        Chekalinsky began to throw, his hands were shaking. To the right lies a queen, to the left an ace.
                      4. +3
                        8 December 2022 01: 46
                        - What is a trump card? - Worms. - I have to go.
                        - I hit. - Can’t you wait?
                        - I take it. - Beat us around!
                        - Hey, death! You really got lost.
                        - Be quiet! you are stupid and young.
                        It’s not for you to catch me.
                        After all, we do not play out of money,
                        And only to spend an eternity!


    3. +4
      7 December 2022 17: 01
      Quote: Trilobite Master
      Or once a month you come to the monastery, you look - yeah, things are going on, already seven sheets are ready, here's your money. Only here ... and also here - draw me a full-length naked woman. How can you not? And Eva? What do you mean you haven't seen naked women? Come to my castle, I'll show you. And here I have to stand with a sword in my hand. And next to me is my baroness, but dressed!

      This is how the Latterell Psalter was created.
  10. 0
    11 December 2022 21: 56
    I wonder where they kept, in what safe, so perfectly preserved folios, moreover, in Latin, created in the late Middle Ages.
    I happened to study medicine, well, Latin in my youth, so there is a lot of Russian there. For example: triceps muscle - three is clear, ceps - clings, i.e. the muscle clings to the bone skeleton at three points.
    A good analysis on this issue is given in the book "Russian Roots of Ancient Latin"
  11. 0
    6 January 2023 10: 07
    perhaps the most beautiful thing that has ever been written or drawn in books

    Chekhov or Platonov did not try to read?

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