"Two-medium" automatic telephone station
Weaponwhich is not a universal tool suitable to varying degrees for a wide variety of tasks, but a special one has always been interesting, since it uses quite interesting solutions in the design that are not widely used. Nevertheless, designers always strive for universality, since several samples can be dragged onto themselves, each of which is intended for some of its own purposes can only be a hero from computer games. So, one of the rather interesting examples of universal weapons is a two-medium automatic automatic anti-lock gun, in which the functions of ground and underwater weapons are combined. In other words, this automaton can shoot relatively effectively both in air and in water. At the same time, which is particularly noteworthy, this sample does not require the replacement of ammunition when moving from one environment to another, although replacement is desirable. It is with this model of weapons and try to get acquainted in this article.
Immediately it should be noted that the two-medium automaton ADS is a weapon that is not created from scratch, it is based on the А-91М, however, despite the rather close relationship of the weapon, the language does not turn its name, although the external similarity is present. The ADF machine is made in the bullpup layout, it was created as a replacement for the automatic fire alarm submersible machine, respectively, its characteristics should have been obviously higher. The weapon was first of all not to exceed the existing samples in mass and size, the layout of the machine copes with this. In addition, in the new model, they took to realize the impossible - to make it equally effective both when firing under water and in the air. It was necessary to make the fastest possible transition of weapons from one mode to another. Unlike its progenitor, the A-91M, this model of weapon is powered by 5,45x39 cartridges, or rather, it can be powered by any cartridges with this metric designation. The main ammunition of this machine is somewhat different from the usual ammunition, whence the weapon takes its high characteristics, consider the ammunition in more detail.
In 2005, the designers of Tula managed to create a cartridge for underwater firing, which did not exceed the standard 5,45x39 munition in size. The main feature of this cartridge is that it has a standard sleeve in which a long bullet fits. The bullet for its most part is located inside the liner, thereby achieving a complete external metric identity of the ammunition. The new cartridge for underwater shooting was named 5,45 PSP. His bullet is a relatively long carbide boom. In order not to hit the grooves in the barrel bore when in contact with a solid bullet, in its tail there are two leading belts that are in contact with the grooves in the barrel. In the air, this 16 gram bullet accelerates to 330 meters per second, while remaining relatively stable and allowing more or less effective fire at medium distances. Naturally, in the aquatic environment, the speed of the bullet is much less, as well as the effective range, however, this is not so critical, since visibility in water is greatly reduced. Thus, the effective range in the aquatic environment is 25 meters at a depth of 5 meters and 18 meters at a depth of 20 meters. In addition to the patron, the PSP has its training version PSP-U, which is distinguished by a bronze bullet with a mass of 8 grams and a reduced powder charge. Stabilization of a bullet in water occurs due to the creation of a cavitation cavity due to the flat nose of the bullet. If to describe this phenomenon in a nutshell, then everything happens as follows. When a bullet passes through an aqueous medium with its nose, a pressure difference forms in the liquid, as a result, a kind of cavity is formed around the bullet. If the back of the bullet touches the boundaries of this cavity, then it cannot pass them and is repelled by them, so the bullet does not tumble, but remains relatively stable. But the most important positive quality of 5,45 PSP bullets is that they can be used in the same stores and in the same weapon as the standard 5,45x39 cartridges.
Despite the fact that 5,45 PSP cartridges in theory make any weapon two-medium, not all samples can work normally under water, that is why the automatic anti-slump gun exists in addition to ammunition. Unfortunately, the designers did not succeed in achieving the trouble-free operation of weapon automation in water and air without switching any mechanisms, but this procedure boils down to switching only one lever, which is good news. A noteworthy point is that the two-medium ADF machine gun has a fixed subbarrel grenade launcher, like its progenitor A-91M, which once again proves its two-medium scale. Naturally, this part of the weapon cannot be used under water, however, it doesn’t interfere with shooting a grenade launcher in an aquatic environment, but it will be quite an exotic way of suicide, but on all 100% is correct. The grenade launcher is controlled by a separate thrust, which is located in front of the safety guard of the weapon, while the trigger is located at its usual place and has an automatic safety device similar to those that are widely used in machine pistols. Since the weapon is made in the bullpup layout, its shop is located behind the handle to hold the machine gun. However, such a negative phenomenon as the release of spent cartridges in close proximity to the shooter’s face, which is inherent in weapons in such an arrangement, does not have an ADS, because it inherited the system of throwing out spent cartridges from the A-91M. So, with the course back, the bolt pulls the cartridge case, but does not throw it away, but shifts it into the channel parallel to the barrel of the weapon. When moving forward, the shutter not only delivers a new cartridge, but also pushes forward the cartridge for forward ejection of spent cartridges. Thus, its release is carried forward, and not to the side, as in most models of weapons. The sights of the ADS machine are located on the carrying handle of the machine. Rather, it is located only in the rear sight and there is a mounting bracket for additional sighting devices, the front sight is mounted on the receiver, on a high stand, to compensate for the difference in height with the handle for carrying the weapon. The handle of the bolt moves under the handle for carrying the weapon, which to some extent excludes especially inattentive or curious people falling under it during the shooting of the fingers.
In general, the designers managed to achieve the main goal, their machine gun works quite well both in the aquatic environment and in the air, that is, the swimmer does not need to have two types of weapons for firing under water and above water, and if there is no time, then there is no need to change the type ammunition, simply switch the weapon from the “water” mode to the “air” mode, while the air-assisted grenade launcher also comes to the rescue in the air, which makes the weapon really effective. It would seem that with such a machine gun you can equip everyone without exception, making it the main weapon and forget about the fear of the weapon of water and so on forever, but such a proposal is analogous to the proposal of an all-inclusive transition to a silent weapon. Still, whatever one may say, but the ADF machine gun is very, very special, in production it is quite expensive and requires a certain amount of care, and, accordingly, time for it. So, despite the fact that the automatic transducer has been made on the basis of the А-91М, it has quite a few differences from its progenitor in the design. In the first place, the automaton uses the 5,45 cartridge, not 7,62, which determines certain differences, in addition, the weapon has two modes of operation: in water and air, which also makes it different in terms of design from A-91M. On the other hand, the base of the weapon is the same, so we can say that ADS is A-91M with the ability to fire under water.
The fact that, despite their dvuhmedirovnogo weapons are not deprived of the fact that it may be necessary arrow on land. First of all it is, of course, a grenade launcher. In addition, it does not exclude the use of various devices for silent shooting, as well as the use of a wide variety of alternative sighting devices that are mounted on a picatinny-type mounting bar mounted on the handle for carrying the weapon. That is, the result of the work of the designers was an automaton, which is really a full-fledged weapon both in water and in the air, that is, it is universal, and universality in firearms is the unattainable height that domestic gunsmiths did take.
Summing up the above, I want to note with particular pride that there really are no analogues in this case, at least those that are officially in service. The same weapon models, which are referred to as two-medium weapons, are usually inferior to their counterparts on land in many respects, which makes them less effective than domestic ADS. However, it is possible to argue a little differently. Such weapons are quite narrowly specialized, and their development is simply unprofitable, as there are more pressing problems. But still, at least in something we still lead, which is good news. However, it is not yet known how long this leadership will extend, since sooner or later something similar will appear in other countries.
Immediately it should be noted that the two-medium automaton ADS is a weapon that is not created from scratch, it is based on the А-91М, however, despite the rather close relationship of the weapon, the language does not turn its name, although the external similarity is present. The ADF machine is made in the bullpup layout, it was created as a replacement for the automatic fire alarm submersible machine, respectively, its characteristics should have been obviously higher. The weapon was first of all not to exceed the existing samples in mass and size, the layout of the machine copes with this. In addition, in the new model, they took to realize the impossible - to make it equally effective both when firing under water and in the air. It was necessary to make the fastest possible transition of weapons from one mode to another. Unlike its progenitor, the A-91M, this model of weapon is powered by 5,45x39 cartridges, or rather, it can be powered by any cartridges with this metric designation. The main ammunition of this machine is somewhat different from the usual ammunition, whence the weapon takes its high characteristics, consider the ammunition in more detail.
In 2005, the designers of Tula managed to create a cartridge for underwater firing, which did not exceed the standard 5,45x39 munition in size. The main feature of this cartridge is that it has a standard sleeve in which a long bullet fits. The bullet for its most part is located inside the liner, thereby achieving a complete external metric identity of the ammunition. The new cartridge for underwater shooting was named 5,45 PSP. His bullet is a relatively long carbide boom. In order not to hit the grooves in the barrel bore when in contact with a solid bullet, in its tail there are two leading belts that are in contact with the grooves in the barrel. In the air, this 16 gram bullet accelerates to 330 meters per second, while remaining relatively stable and allowing more or less effective fire at medium distances. Naturally, in the aquatic environment, the speed of the bullet is much less, as well as the effective range, however, this is not so critical, since visibility in water is greatly reduced. Thus, the effective range in the aquatic environment is 25 meters at a depth of 5 meters and 18 meters at a depth of 20 meters. In addition to the patron, the PSP has its training version PSP-U, which is distinguished by a bronze bullet with a mass of 8 grams and a reduced powder charge. Stabilization of a bullet in water occurs due to the creation of a cavitation cavity due to the flat nose of the bullet. If to describe this phenomenon in a nutshell, then everything happens as follows. When a bullet passes through an aqueous medium with its nose, a pressure difference forms in the liquid, as a result, a kind of cavity is formed around the bullet. If the back of the bullet touches the boundaries of this cavity, then it cannot pass them and is repelled by them, so the bullet does not tumble, but remains relatively stable. But the most important positive quality of 5,45 PSP bullets is that they can be used in the same stores and in the same weapon as the standard 5,45x39 cartridges.
Despite the fact that 5,45 PSP cartridges in theory make any weapon two-medium, not all samples can work normally under water, that is why the automatic anti-slump gun exists in addition to ammunition. Unfortunately, the designers did not succeed in achieving the trouble-free operation of weapon automation in water and air without switching any mechanisms, but this procedure boils down to switching only one lever, which is good news. A noteworthy point is that the two-medium ADF machine gun has a fixed subbarrel grenade launcher, like its progenitor A-91M, which once again proves its two-medium scale. Naturally, this part of the weapon cannot be used under water, however, it doesn’t interfere with shooting a grenade launcher in an aquatic environment, but it will be quite an exotic way of suicide, but on all 100% is correct. The grenade launcher is controlled by a separate thrust, which is located in front of the safety guard of the weapon, while the trigger is located at its usual place and has an automatic safety device similar to those that are widely used in machine pistols. Since the weapon is made in the bullpup layout, its shop is located behind the handle to hold the machine gun. However, such a negative phenomenon as the release of spent cartridges in close proximity to the shooter’s face, which is inherent in weapons in such an arrangement, does not have an ADS, because it inherited the system of throwing out spent cartridges from the A-91M. So, with the course back, the bolt pulls the cartridge case, but does not throw it away, but shifts it into the channel parallel to the barrel of the weapon. When moving forward, the shutter not only delivers a new cartridge, but also pushes forward the cartridge for forward ejection of spent cartridges. Thus, its release is carried forward, and not to the side, as in most models of weapons. The sights of the ADS machine are located on the carrying handle of the machine. Rather, it is located only in the rear sight and there is a mounting bracket for additional sighting devices, the front sight is mounted on the receiver, on a high stand, to compensate for the difference in height with the handle for carrying the weapon. The handle of the bolt moves under the handle for carrying the weapon, which to some extent excludes especially inattentive or curious people falling under it during the shooting of the fingers. 
In general, the designers managed to achieve the main goal, their machine gun works quite well both in the aquatic environment and in the air, that is, the swimmer does not need to have two types of weapons for firing under water and above water, and if there is no time, then there is no need to change the type ammunition, simply switch the weapon from the “water” mode to the “air” mode, while the air-assisted grenade launcher also comes to the rescue in the air, which makes the weapon really effective. It would seem that with such a machine gun you can equip everyone without exception, making it the main weapon and forget about the fear of the weapon of water and so on forever, but such a proposal is analogous to the proposal of an all-inclusive transition to a silent weapon. Still, whatever one may say, but the ADF machine gun is very, very special, in production it is quite expensive and requires a certain amount of care, and, accordingly, time for it. So, despite the fact that the automatic transducer has been made on the basis of the А-91М, it has quite a few differences from its progenitor in the design. In the first place, the automaton uses the 5,45 cartridge, not 7,62, which determines certain differences, in addition, the weapon has two modes of operation: in water and air, which also makes it different in terms of design from A-91M. On the other hand, the base of the weapon is the same, so we can say that ADS is A-91M with the ability to fire under water.
The fact that, despite their dvuhmedirovnogo weapons are not deprived of the fact that it may be necessary arrow on land. First of all it is, of course, a grenade launcher. In addition, it does not exclude the use of various devices for silent shooting, as well as the use of a wide variety of alternative sighting devices that are mounted on a picatinny-type mounting bar mounted on the handle for carrying the weapon. That is, the result of the work of the designers was an automaton, which is really a full-fledged weapon both in water and in the air, that is, it is universal, and universality in firearms is the unattainable height that domestic gunsmiths did take.Summing up the above, I want to note with particular pride that there really are no analogues in this case, at least those that are officially in service. The same weapon models, which are referred to as two-medium weapons, are usually inferior to their counterparts on land in many respects, which makes them less effective than domestic ADS. However, it is possible to argue a little differently. Such weapons are quite narrowly specialized, and their development is simply unprofitable, as there are more pressing problems. But still, at least in something we still lead, which is good news. However, it is not yet known how long this leadership will extend, since sooner or later something similar will appear in other countries.
Information