9 XX21 cartridges and weapons for them (Article I)

Unfortunately, not a single gunshot pattern weapons can not boast that it will always be relevant and in demand. Of course, there are long-livers with this medium, such as, for example, the Colt М1911 and the large-caliber machine gun М2, which, thanks to upgrades or thanks to the high characteristics originally incorporated in them, keep afloat for a long time, but sooner or later such samples become obsolete and they are replaced by others. Exactly the same situation with ammunition, using the same pistol cartridges as an example, at the beginning of the twentieth century even self-defense weapons differed in a very small caliber and only later came to the conclusion that the caliber should be larger and the bullet design for maximum efficiency should be different. If we talk about what can be seen now, then since the end of the twentieth century, emphasis has been placed on the “armor-piercing” abilities of bullets, since individual armor protection tools have become widely spread and developed, however this is more relevant to the military environment, but nevertheless the trend is visible quite clearly. In this article, I propose to get acquainted with the cartridges for pistols and submachine guns 9х21 of domestic production, and in the next with weapons for these munitions.

Chucks with metric designation 9h21 include the following notation: JV-10 (bullet cartridge with a steel heat-treated core enhanced penetration), JV-11 (bullet cartridge with reduced rebounding property with lead core), JV-12 (equips expansive bullet) and SP -13 (equipped with a bullet armor-piercing tracer). The development of these munitions was started at the beginning of the 90-s along with the development of a new, at that time, self-loading pistol "Vector", also known as "Gyurza", also known as ATP, also known as SR1 and so on, but about this weapon and its various options talk a little below. All cartridges 9x21 have the same external dimensions, which allows you to use them in one weapon, even mixed. Ammunition differs only in the design of bullets. The basis of 9X21 cartridges was the 9x18 PM cartridge, in which the sleeve was extended to a 21 millimeter, which in turn was made on the basis of .380ACP (9X17), developed on the basis of 9 mm Brauning Long (9X20). Designer Alexey Yuriev became the author of the ammunition data. At the moment, the cartridges adopted. If to speak as a whole, then at the time of its appearance this ammunition made quite a lot of noise, at least according to the people who found this moment and came across it. Personally, I hardly believe that a demonstration of penetration of body armor from a pistol and a submachine gun could have made a serious impression on someone (it is usually indicated that the Americans tied their hair on). Still, such a weapon in the military environment is quite specific, and, which is especially noticeable here, is a kind of tribute storiesrather than the really necessary weapons of widespread use in the army. So I don’t see any reason for concern for the likely opponent even if these cartridges pierced body armor of the fifth class of protection. However, in the US, alarmists are still the ones, so I would not be surprised if 9x21 really had a strong influence on the minds of those who were present at the demonstration.

SP-10 is a cartridge with a high penetrating property, intended to destroy the enemy's manpower behind lightweight shelters or protected by personal protective equipment. The semi-internal bullet of the cartridge SP-10 has a heat-strengthened steel core, which protrudes from the shell of the bullet and is usually painted black. The core of the bullet is surrounded by a polyethylene shirt and a bimetallic sheath. The armor-piercing qualities of this ammunition are really very high for a pistol cartridge, since this cartridge provides penetration of a class III A armored vest and BR 4, according to the “non-nashenskaya” classification, and this body armor withstands the penetration of an .44 Magnum bullet, although the comparison is not entirely correct, since cartridge bullets .44 Mag and SP-10 are radically different, and the kinetic energy alone is not enough to break through body armor. However, this cartridge is taken for comparison, not because I want to show, they say how much SP-10 is better when even the bullets of such cartridges are overboard, but because this ammunition is cited as an example in tables with classes of body armor. If we talk about our body armor, then the bullet of this cartridge is able to pierce the body armor of the 2 class at a distance of up to 100 meters. By the way, you can pay attention to the fact that from our tables on body armor as an example, we took a class that provides protection against "pistol" bullets. In other words, all body armor that can protect its owner from bullets of common pistol and revolver cartridges cannot stand under the onslaught of bullets of SP-10 cartridges. Because of its design, the bullet does not have the greatest weight in 6,7 grams, while the weight of the cartridge itself is equal to 11 grams. The initial speed of the bullet is 420 meters per second. The recoil momentum of the cartridge is equal to 0.35 kgf / s.

It is a well-known fact that the use of firearms in confined spaces can lead to such an unpleasant phenomenon as a ricochet. This is due to the fact that the bullet falling into the walls, floor, ceiling or objects encountered on its path does not fully give its energy to the obstacles and, reflected from them, can continue its path, but the direction of this path is almost impossible to calculate and anticipate . Thus, it is likely that a bullet will hit not the enemy, but some third person or, with a very, very low probability, the shooter himself. The main solution to this problem is either very, very low energy of a bullet, which, naturally, is not acceptable at all, or creating a bullet that is soft enough to deform very strongly when it hits an obstacle and give it almost all of its energy. However, such a bullet will become absolutely useless against any effective means of individual armor protection, although hitting a bullet in a bulletproof vest, even if it withstands, leaves few pleasant sensations. Thus, designers are faced with the task of creating such an ammunition, which is to find a balance between the relatively normal penetrating ability of a bullet and the reduced possibility of a ricochet. Among the 9 XX21 ammunition with such a bullet was SP-11. This is the most common cartridge with the usual soft bullet with a lead core, wrapped in a shell. Because of this design, the bullet cartridge lost its armor-piercing properties, but it is still enough to penetrate the 1 class body armor, but it was possible to partially deal with the ricochets. The bullet of the SP-11 cartridge, due to its design, has more weight than the SP-10, which is equal to 8 grams, the cartridge itself weighs 11,9 grams. The initial speed of the bullet dropped to 390 meters per second, and the recoil momentum of the cartridge when firing is equal to 0,37 kgf / s. This type of cartridge 9х21 does not have color markings, and in general it looks like an ordinary cartridge.

Of course, the cartridge SP-11 turned out to be quite good and can be a significant competitor to most of the ammunition used in pistols and machine pistols, but there is no limit to perfection. Since the SP-11 ammunition did not stand out for its “armor-piercing” qualities, it was decided to make it more effective when it hit the target that was not protected by anything. In addition, they decided to "kill two birds with one stone" and solve the problem with the possibility of a bullet to pass through the body of the enemy and hit the standing man from behind. The only logical solution to increase the effectiveness and reduce the length of the wound channel was to create an ammunition with an expansive bullet. Oddly enough, but on this patron, which is called SP-12, worked more than on others. At first, the variant was simply created with a half-shell bullet, later an expansive cavity appeared in the bullet and even though the effect of hitting such a bullet in the body increased many times, the ballistics of the bullet left much to be desired and did not allow the cartridge to be used at distances over 50 meters, moreover, the ballistic characteristics of all 9x21 cartridges should be at least approximately the same, so that the shooter does not need to adjust when changing the type of ammunition. To solve all these problems, it was decided to add another element in the pool that would hide its “stupid” slice. This element was a plastic tip. But all the problems that this ammunition had to solve this all the same failed, there was still a problem when feeding the cartridge when used in a submachine gun. Since, due to the fact that the designers were trying to bring the bullet of the SP-12 cartridge to the other versions of the 9x21 cartridges, the SP-12 bullet initially had a slightly different shape, as well as the length, which reduced the overall length of the munition, this became the main problem , consisting in constant utykaniyah when serving in pistols, machine guns, although in a pistol ammunition behaved quite normally. To eliminate this problem, it was necessary to virtually design a bullet from scratch, which became exactly the same as other bullets of 9x21 cartridges, although its damaging ability dropped into soft tissues slightly decreased, but the trajectory of movement almost completely coincides with other bullets. cartridges 9x21. The bullet of SP-12 cartridges is the easiest of all 9x21, its weight is only 5,7 gram, while the initial speed is equal to 400-425 meters per second.

And finally, the latest version of the bullet, armor-piercing tracer, is loaded with cartridges SP-13. In general, for me personally, it remains a big mystery why it was necessary to create such an ammunition for pistols and submachine guns, since I don’t see any practical use for it, but, apparently, once done, then it is necessary. At its core, the bullet of the SP-13 cartridge differs from the SP-10 only in that it has a tracer composition pressed from the back side, but this seemingly insignificant difference seriously affected the characteristics of the munition as a whole. So the bullet has a weight of 7,1 grams, its initial speed is 395 meters per second. At the same time, the bullet has become less “armor-piercing”, but can still pierce the body armor of the 2 protection class, although with less effectiveness than the SP-10. The pressed tracer composition creates a bright luminous dot when fired from the back of the bullet, but since its speed is large enough, and the human eye, and especially the brain, the “instruments” are far from perfect, this point is perceived as a line that marks the trajectory of the bullet . Usually such ammunition is used to adjust the fire, target designation, and so on, but why did it have to be implemented in the pistol cartridge, as I said above, for me personally, it remains completely unclear. SP-13 cartridges are marked with green paint on the tip of the bullet, which is used to paint the armor-piercing core and part of the shell.

In addition, there is also a training cartridge, which is devoid of powder charge and primer. It is made of cartridge SP-10, apparently differs in that approximately in the center of the sleeve there is a circular compression. It is unlikely that someone will meet the next ammunition, but it should be mentioned. In order to check the barrel locking assembly at the factory, there is another cartridge of the 9x21 family. This cartridge is called "test", has an increased powder charge. You can distinguish this cartridge from others by black paint, which completely covers the bullet. Let me remind you that in SP-10 only the bullet tip is painted black. To shove him into a weapon is extremely not recommended by the Ministry of Health, especially in submachine guns in sum using automatic firing.

In my humble opinion, 9x21 cartridges are currently one of the most promising ammunition for pistols and submachine guns. It is strange only that so far not so many samples of weapons have been created for them, but I think that this situation will soon be corrected. Perhaps they have not yet tried out what kind of cartridge it is, and in production it is not cheap, but if you close your eyes to it, then 9x21 is an excellent replacement for 9x18, leaving 9x19 far behind, both for the Interior Ministry and for the army. By the way, there is a great topic for discussion under the article, because the weapon is created based on the cartridge, there is a cartridge, it remains only to create a weapon that meets the requirements, but this does not happen. Well, the fact that there is certainly a great weapon, but it is made under requirements that are clearly unacceptable everywhere, although what is, can boast of sufficient "flexibility", but here, rather, "on bezrybe and cancer fish" than you can seriously talk about the universality of weapons, even taking into account the relative diversity of ammunition. But more about that in the next article.

Comments

[Demon_Ex]

The basis of the 9x21 cartridges was the 9x18 PM cartridge, in which the sleeve was extended to 21 mm, which in turn was made on the basis of .380ACP (9x17), developed on the basis of 9 mm Brauning Long (9x20)

The PM cartridge is most likely based on the 9x18 Ultra, the kinetic energy and bullet speed are almost the same. The difference in the shape of the bullet and its core, the diameter of the bottom of the sleeve. Do not forget how the caliber is measured in Russia and in the west. So all of these cartridges are completely self-sufficient development.

[Castor oil]

It's a pity in the article there is no comparison with the "9x21IMI" ammunition for objectivity.

[Demon_Ex]

9x12 IMI is designed for sale in Europe. Some countries, such as Spain, prohibit the sale of weapons of caliber 9x19 Para, as this cartridge is considered army. Accordingly, Aramaic weapons cannot be sold to civilians. But the Israeli gunsmiths did not think long and increased the size of the standard 9x19 sleeve by 2 millimeters. So the characteristics of the cartridge remained the same.

[Castor oil]

Quote: Demon_Ex

e.g. Spain

Italy only and were produced first for this ammunition Beretta and Tanfolier, only this commercial version. But initially "Israel Military Industries" created this cartridge not for "jackets". Not so simple.

[Demon_Ex]

And not only Italy. Just look at Spain’s weapons laws before 1992. After 1992, the restriction has been lifted.

Here is a copy-paste from one of the many military sites. Free translation from Jane's Ammunition Handbook
The history of ammunition caliber 9x21 mm, with some stretch, we can assume that it begins in 1907. Then, at a factory in the city of Spandau, a batch of cartridges was launched to jointly develop the Prussian-German army pistol. A little later, in 1910, in Germany at the arms factory, five variants of 9 mm caliber cartridges were made, having different lengths of the sleeve for Mauser pistols. However, these cartridges did not go beyond the scope of the experiment.

And only in 1984 the Italian company Armi Jager revived the production of 9x21 mm cartridges under the new designation 9x21 JAGER. The appearance of this cartridge is explained by the fact that in Italy, in accordance with existing legislation, the use of civilian weapons for live ammunition is prohibited. The 9x19 Luger / Parabellum cartridge, which is in service in Italy, also belongs to this category.

In the same period, the Israeli concern “Israel Military Industries” also released its version of the 9x21 caliber ammunition, but under its designation 9x21 IMI, and began its mass production. The Israeli cartridge displaced the Italian 9x21 JAGER from the market.

The 9x21 mm caliber ammunition was constructed based on the well-known 9x19 Luger / Parabellum ammunition by increasing the analog sleeve by 2 mm. Israeli 9x21 IMI cartridge is also mass produced in Europe. According to the main ballistic characteristics, it corresponds to the 9x19 Luger / Parabellum ammunition, but differs from it in its large working pressure and the length of the sleeve.

IMI is the largest producer of these cartridges. In the Italian civilian arms market, this cartridge holds about 80% of the total market, and among ammunition for target firing, almost 50% of the market.

Under this cartridge a huge assortment of weapons is produced, including those intended for the European civilian arms market, many Beret company pistols: Beretta 92, Beretta 8000 Cougar, Beretta 9000, etc. The 9x21 IMI cartridge is available under the designations 9x21mm, 9mm FIOCCHI, 9mm GECO, 9mm IMI, 9mm IMI-JAGER, SAA 5035, 9x21 JAGER, XCR09 021 CGC 020.

So you are a little mistaken about the military past of this munition. .

[Castor oil]

Quote: Demon_Ex

So you are a little mistaken about the military past of this munition. .

Do you have a wikipedia mess in your head
Four years before "... in 1984, at the Italian firm Armi Jager, the production of 9x21-mm cartridges under the new designation 9x21 JAGER was revived .." attempts were already made in Israel to adapt submachine guns chambered for 9x21 IMI

[scrabler]

Do not forget that the creation of a cartridge and weapons for him is not one day. It still rests on the tradition of a particular company. So Barrett before giving his first machine gun to the masses, he preliminarily made and tested two models, and the domestic ПЯ was only recently brought to mind, although it has already been in service with the papers for a long time. In this case, it is understood that the Israeli cartridge 9x21 appeared on the market at about the same time as the Italian one. The fact that an IMI cartridge could be developed for twenty years, usually no one thinks, the countdown begins not from the beginning of development, but when the final result is presented. Well, since they braked with weapons for this ammunition and decided not to show a new cartridge, then we can only consider ourselves guilty. And now the question is number two. If this cartridge turned out to be much better than the 9x19, would they give it to civilians like that for amusement and self-defense?

[Demon_Ex]

Dear, for your information, never used a wiki. If Jane is a wiki for you, then I pass. This is a fairly reputable magazine for everything related to weapons. Try reading it, even with Google. I hope you find a lot of useful things for yourself.

[scrabler]

In general, the history of foreign 9x21 is not as straightforward as that of most other ammunition. Initially, this cartridge appeared in Germany at the beginning of the twentieth century, but was not widely used. Then, already in the middle of the 80's, he was reanimated in Italy (Army Jager), precisely because of the ban on ammunition in service with the police and the army. Around the same time, Israeli IMIs appeared, which drove Italian cartridges from the market.
Of the differences between the 9x21 IMI and 9x19, only the length of the sleeve, even the bullets of the cartridges are almost identical. This can be seen even in the characteristics of the ammunition: weight - from 7,82 to 842 grams, the initial speed of about 350 meters per second.
In other words, in comparison with the domestic 9x21, foreign ones did not stand nearby Although it may not be worth making such a conclusion, because for it you need to take two identical samples of weapons with a difference only in ammunition and compare ammunition when firing, and not by numbers on paper. Although even without numbers it is clear that domestic will have an advantage, since 9x21 IMI are cartridges for the civilian market.

[Demon_Ex]

So you yourself provided the same copy-paste The only thing I can add from myself is that the SP-10 breaks through the frame of the AKS-74 butt, the wall of the carriage and the railway push to take off. While returning from a business trip, I watched the slightly drunk captain from FAPSI decided to demonstrate the armor-piercing capability of the Gyurza and fired into the wall of the carriage, well that only the shock suffered.

[scrabler]

Well, yes, it’s bad that the page is not being updated in real time))) I’m wondering, after all, what did the tracers do? What is the point?

[Demon_Ex]

For PP, Heathers fire these ammunition. Sometimes it’s useful to fill the store with the last 3 rounds of tracers.

[scrabler]

Logically) Dull

[Castor oil]

Quote: scrabler

I’m wondering, after all, what did the tracers do? What is the point?

For target designation, it is "harder" to hit the crews.

[scrabler]

so uh ... the distance is small, no?

[Castor oil]

Quote: scrabler

the distance is small, no?

In the city, it will be enough for the BMP operator-gunner or the grenade launcher to storm the "address" window.
Well, correctly, a Demon colleague noticed - indicate the change of the store, a reminder

[DIMS]

Indicate not the goal itself, but the direction to it.

[Castor oil]

Quote: DIMS

Indicate not the goal itself, but the direction to it.

Same eggs, only in profile.
On the German RPGs there was a coaxial 9 mm barrel, which was previously fired at an armored target with an MDZ bullet, where, according to characteristic "flashes", the operator corrected the firing with a grenade. Those. all the same the goal.

[DIMS]

I wrote this from the perspective of an artilleryman. In our guides, tracers precisely indicate the direction. And precisely because of the insufficient range of the rifle. If the tracer hits the target, then shoot is no longer worth it, too close.

[Castor oil]

Quote: scrabler

Although even without numbers it is clear that domestic will have an advantage, since 9x21 IMI are cartridges for the civilian market.

I read about this (9x21 IMI) ammunition in the early 80s in the "Foreign Military Review", where it was initially positioned as a purely special, with a bullet (THV) high-speed increased destructive action (with a ballistic "cumulative" nail) - not about what civil application it is out of the question. And it was said there about PP Uzi, i.e. no "citizen" (of course, except for Israel))). It was then that the market "settled" everything. And in the book by A. Zhuk "Pistols, revolvers" (I don’t remember the tone of the name, but the most complete and authoritative thematic edition) about this patronage is described as a purely army-special created precisely on IMI.

[Demon_Ex]

Foreign military review, this is a reprint from Jane. And it was a question of Micro-Uzi. Self-loading version of this gun! It was delivered to Italy since 1985. The THV bullet had a ballistic cavity and low weight.

Again quote from Jane /

This hollow, light bullet was designed in France specifically for the police in order to obtain ammunition with good penetration, high speed, stopping action and accuracy, as well as with less recoil. To work on this project, SFM (Societe Fransais de Municiones) invited the designer Antoine. The revolutionary design of the "reverse curvature" of the bullet head repeats the direction of shock waves generated when the bullet hits the target at an angle of 90 °.
The bullet is armor-piercing, but in addition, it has a high stopping effect. A bullet quickly loses speed when passing through a target due to its light weight. The bullet material was not specifically declared, but on known samples it is copper. The contours of the head have two options: with a thin nose and with a thickened one. The second option was created specifically for self-loading pistols, because thin-nose bullets were often the cause of delays in self-loading pistols.

[Demon_Ex]

Subsequent use of this bullet revealed the following disadvantages:
The cost of ammunition was very high.
The shallow depth of the wound canal was insufficient to affect vital organs.

[Demon_Ex]

TVH device.

[Castor oil]

Quote: Demon_Ex

because thin-nose bullets were often the cause of delays in self-loading pistols.

Apparently, the designers adapted the cartridge supply system for this cartridge (and possibly with such a bullet, I don’t know for sure ) were created, in addition to, and ZIG and ChZ.
And such bullets were also created for another self-loading (automatic), so I have a link: http://nevsedoma.com.ua/index.php?newsid=149000

[Demon_Ex]

Another quote
Studies to address the deficiencies of TXW have been continued in South Africa. In 1985, engineer Andre Van Dijk founded the Research and Development Department at Pretoria Metal Pressings (PMP) in Pretoria to develop ammunition for the South African Special Forces. Studies have shown that a bullet of type TXW with a flattened warhead is flattened in contact with a solid obstacle. To avoid sticking a cartridge in a self-loading weapon, it was decided to put a plastic cap on the bullet head with a thin nose. But to consolidate it, I again had to flatten the nose of the bullet :-) Nevertheless, at this stage of research, in 1991, the South African police took the ammunition into service. Bullet material: copper or bronze. No information on ballistics or other characteristics of the MONAD bullet is known.

Just in automatic weapons (machine guns, machine guns) there were no problems. There is no ramp for feeding cartridges into the chamber. And the pistols have a ramp. But there are some models again without it.

[crambol]

Colleagues! And is there somewhere 9X21 ballistic data (SP), namely the dependence of speed on distance? I haven’t found anything anywhere. Necessity - I’m counting on a very interesting parameter for bullets — the aerodynamic drag Cx and its dependence on speed and Re. Very interesting results!

One more question.
Some years ago, information about bismuth bullets for shooting in aircraft cabins slipped somewhere. Bismuth (and I had a lot to do with it at the research institute) is very fragile and cannot penetrate the aircraft body. Is there any development of this direction?

[scrabler]

I can’t find the information right away on the first question, but I have come across it somewhere. According to the second, the Chinese created such an ammunition and a pistol for it specifically for use inside air transport - they refused, the polymer was taken as the basis. The Americans suddenly decided to take care of the environment a couple of years ago and replace the lead in 5,56 with bismuth. It also did not succeed. Well this is what on the go.

[crambol]

Big human mercy! The essence of using bismuth is that when it hits a duralumin body, it crumbles to dust!

[Demon_Ex]

Ballistic coefficients for:

SP-10 - 10,34
SP-11 - 8,94

[Demon_Ex]

That is all the data on SP-10, SP-11

9 mm Pistol cartridge with a lead core bullet (SP-11, 7N28)

Cartridge characteristics
Caliber 9 × 21 mm
Cartridge length, mm 32,8 ... 33,0
Cartridge weight, g 12,2 ... 12,6
Powder Charge Characteristics
Type of gunpowder is smokeless, pyroxylin. Mark of gunpowder Sf
Mass of powder charge, g 0,58 ... 0,60
Loading density, g / cm3 0,83
The maximum pressure of the powder gases, MPa 166,9
Shape and dimensions of powder grains cylindrical plate (flat cake)
outer diameter mm 0,48 ... 0,87
thickness, mm 0,242 ... 0,286

Bullet characteristics
Type of bullet shell
Bullet weight, g 7,35 ... 7,50
Bullet length, mm 15,7 ... 15,9
The diameter of the leading part of the bullet, mm 9,02 ... 9,12
Lateral load of a bullet, g / cm2 11,53
Ballistic coefficient of a bullet, m2 / kg 8,94
Material bullet shell steel plated with tompak
Bullet shell mass, g 1,6 ... 1,7
Bullet core material lead with an admixture of 1 ... 2% antimony
Bullet core mass, g 5,8 ... 5,9

Liner specifications
The shape and type of the sleeve is cylindrical, flangeless
The mass of the sleeve with the capsule, g 4,34 ... 4,50
The length of the sleeve, mm 21,00 ... 21,15
The free volume of the sleeve, cm3 1,052
The volume of the sleeve with a planted bullet, cm3 0,723
Sleeve material steel, clad in tompak. Bullet tightening method

additional information
Cross-sectional area of ​​the barrel bore 0,649 (CP-1 gun), cm2
Muzzle velocity (gun SR-1), m / s 380 ... 400
Muzzle energy of a bullet (SR-1 pistol), J 530,7 ... 600,0

9 mm Pistol cartridge with an armor-piercing bullet (SP-10, RGO52, 7N29)

Cartridge characteristics
Caliber 9 × 21 mm
Cartridge length, mm 32,8 ... 33,0
Cartridge weight, g 10,6 ... 10,8
Type of gunpowder is smokeless, pyroxylin. Mark of gunpowder Sf
Mass of powder charge, g 0,50 ... 0,51
Loading density, g / cm3 0,896
Maximum pressure of powder gases, MPa 165,1
The shape and dimensions of the powder grains cylindrical plate (cake)
outer diameter mm 0,48 ... 0,87
thickness, mm 0,242 ... 0,286
Bullet characteristics
Type of bullet semi-shell
Bullet weight, g 6,70 ... 6,74
Bullet length, mm 18,8 ... 19,2
The diameter of the leading part of the bullet, mm 9,22 ... 9,27
Lateral load of a bullet, g / cm2 10,59
Ballistic coefficient of a bullet, m2 / kg 10,34
Material bullet shell steel plated with tompak
Bullet shell mass, g 1,70 ... 1,85
Bullet core material carbon steel
Bullet core mass, g 3,1 ... 3,5
2676166 characteristics of the sleeve
The shape and type of the sleeve is cylindrical, flangeless
The mass of the sleeve with the capsule, g 4,34 ... 4,50
The length of the sleeve, mm 21,00 ... 21,15
The free volume of the sleeve, cm3 1,052
The volume of the sleeve with a planted bullet, cm3 0,58
Sleeve material steel, clad in tompak. Bullet tightening method

additional information
Cross-sectional area of ​​the barrel bore 0,649 (CP-1 gun), cm2
Muzzle velocity (gun SR-1), m / s 400 ... 420
Muzzle energy of a bullet (SR-1 pistol), J 536,1 ... 594,5
The top of the bullet is painted black

9 mm training pistol cartridge

Cartridge characteristics
Caliber 9x21 mm
Cartridge length, mm 32,8 ... 33,0
Cartridge weight, g 10,1 ... 103
Bullet characteristics
Type of bullet semi-shell
Bullet weight, g 6,70 ... 6,74
Bullet length, mm 18,8 ... 19 2
The diameter of the leading part of the bullet, mm 9,22 ... 9,27
Material bullet shell steel plated with tompak
Bullet shell mass, g 1,70 ... 1,85
Bullet core material carbon steel
Bullet core mass, g 3,1 ... 3,5

Liner specifications
The shape and type of the sleeve is cylindrical, flangeless
The mass of the sleeve with the capsule, g 4,34 ... 4,50
The length of the sleeve, mm 21,00 ... 21,15
Sleeve material steel, clad in tompak. The method of fastening a bullet tight fit.

[Castor oil]

Quote: crambol

Some years ago, information about bismuth bullets for shooting in aircraft cabins slipped somewhere. Bismuth (and I had a lot to do with it at the research institute) is very fragile and cannot penetrate the aircraft body. Is there any development of this direction?

9х21 / СП17 and 9х18 / СП8 - this is exactly for this, such as low energy (penetration).

Necessity - I’m counting on a very interesting parameter for bullets — the aerodynamic drag Cx and its dependence on speed and Re. Very interesting results!

Apparently the so-called is needed. "ballistic coefficient - BC", is calculated empirically from two components - bullet speed and trajectory decrease. There are formulas, it is not difficult if there is a chronometer. I myself use these BCs in the calculator, but the truth is for rifle ammunition.

[Assistant]

9x21 / SP17 and 9x18 / SP8 - just for this, such as low energy (penetration)

And is there data on the initial velocity of the bullet cartridge 9x21 SP17? Is it subsonic or supersonic?

[Demon_Ex]

Greetings, "Glazers" or AFR have been used for aircraft shooting for a long time

[Petrovich72]

The basis of the 9x21 cartridges was the 9x18 PM cartridge, in which the sleeve was extended to 21 millimeters, which in turn was made on the basis of the .380ACP (9x17) garbage full. The 9x18 cartridge was developed on the basis of the shortened cartridge sleeve of the TT cartridge; neither the geometrical nor other characteristics of the 9x17 cartridge have any relation whatsoever. The IMI 9x21 cartridge differs from 9x19 only in the length of the long sleeve, the same size. So this is our own Russian development !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

[Herosw]

Totally agree

[scrabler]

Yeah, that is, from this:

has to do with this:

As you put x ... I'm full.
I agree with the fact that 9x18PM is zero development, indeed, the parameters of the sleeve do not correspond to the previously proposed versions of cartridges, but if you take a generally accepted opinion, see above it is described in the article.

[Herosw]

The cartridge case was clearly developed on the basis of the TT.
which, in turn, was made on the basis of .380ACP (9x17), developed on the basis of 9 mm Brauning Long (9x20) - this is clearly an American assassination, and not a generally accepted opinion.