Automated control system for anti-aircraft missile brigade of air defense SV "Polyana-D4”
Development of an automated anti-aircraft missile brigade of the control system of air defense of ground troops "Polyana-D4" (9S52) conducted by the Minsk Research Institute of the USSR Ministry of Radio Industry of automation of TTZ Grau to automate management processes fighting anti-aircraft missile brigades armed ZRK S-300V or "Beech".
The structure of ACS "Polyana-D4" included:
1. command post (PBU) of the brigade (MP06 vehicle) on a BAZ-6950 vehicle with a SKN-6950 body
2. command and staff vehicle (KShM) of the brigade (MP02 vehicle with a KP4 trailer) on a Ural-375 vehicle and an SMZ-782B trailer.
3. Spare parts and maintenance machine (MP45 machine) on a Ural-375 car
4. two diesel power plants ED-T400-1RAM on KamAZ-4310 vehicles.
In PBU, automated workplaces (AWPs) of the brigade commander, senior combat control officer (sent to two divisions and the front air defense command post (army), a representative aviation Air Force, operational duty officer, combat control officer (sent to two divisions), intelligence chief of the brigade (senior operator of radar processing), radar processing operator, engineer and communications technician.
The KSHM was equipped with an automated workplace for the deputy armament brigade commander, operational department officer (alphanumeric display operator - ATSD), senior officer of the operational department (drawing machine operator) and non-automated workplaces for two technicians.
In the KSHM trailer were the AWS of the brigade chief of staff and the head of the operational department (brigade communications chief) - the ATSD operator and six non-automated jobs for brigade staff officers.
To ensure the combat operation of the Polyana-D4 ACS, the common air defense system of the SV provided for the exchange of digital operational-tactical and radar information, as well as voice communication with higher-level, subordinate and interacting command-points and control points through the attached communication center
Information exchange between PBU and KSHM was carried out via cable communication lines.
For communication between the crews of mobile units of the automated control system Polyana D4, on the march, VHF radios installed in the cabs of drivers were used.
The deployment time (collapse) of the Polana-D4 ACS by the calculation forces did not exceed 20 min.
ACS "Polyana-D4" provided management:
• up to four anti-aircraft missile battalions armed with S-300V air defense systems or Buk air defense systems (Buk-M1) and their modifications;
• subordinate radar posts PORI-P1 or PORI-P2;
• A control point for direct cover means of the PU-12M brigade or a unified battery command post "Rangier".
The higher air defense command posts in relation to the Polyana-D4 ACS were the air defense or military service command posts.
It was also envisaged to interface the Poliana-D4 ACS with the tactical formations of the Air Defense Forces.
Sources of information about the air situation for the AMS "Polyana-D4" were:
• Control points for PORI-P1 or PORI-P2 radar posts;
• Aviation complex of radar patrol and guidance A-50;
• KP anti-aircraft missile battalions S-300V or "Buk"
• KP air defense of the front (army);
• Command post of the tactical formation of the Air Defense Forces of the Country;
• Command post of fighter aircraft of the Air Force of the front (army).
The Polyana D4 automated control system implemented the principle of mixed combat control of the S-ZOOV or Buk anti-aircraft missile brigade, which combined the centralized targeting of the brigade's command post with the autonomous actions of anti-aircraft missile battalions to select targets in their assigned areas of responsibility.
Radar information about the air situation came to the automated control system “Glade D4” in digital form from the following sources of this information:
• air defense command post of the front or army;
• Control point of subordinate RLP;
• Aviation complex of radar patrol and guidance А50;
• Four CPs of subordinate divisions;
• Command post of fighter aircraft of the Air Force of the front.
The air situation was displayed on the displays of the automated workplace PBU in the form of symbols of its own, alien and unidentified targets. Next to the target symbol, its number, height and quantitative composition (for group purposes) were displayed. Provided mapping to 5 traces targets, extrapolated for a time to 7 minutes
The control of subordinate RLP carried out with the PBU ACS "Polyana-D4" allowed to change the measurement rate of the coordinates of the targets, to clarify their affiliation, etc.
Selective notification of divisions and means of direct brigade cover was formed automatically in accordance with the importance (danger) of the targets and the position of the subordinate means of destruction.
Operational and tactical information from the air defense command post of the front (army) was sent to the Polyana-D4 ACS in the form of orders and instructions, information about the enemy, teams for the distribution of efforts, flight corridors and applications for flights of their aircraft, fighter duty zones (army) reference point, information about the ground situation.
The exchange of operational and tactical information between the Polyan-D4 ACS and the air defense command post of the front (army) was carried out via secret telecode communication channels.
To control the combat operations of the missile battalions and units of direct protection, the Polyana-D4 ACS provided:
• Formation and transmission to the CP divisions of commands for the distribution of efforts in the form of sectors, areas of responsibility, missile-hazardous areas, receiving and displaying reports on their execution;
• formation and transfer to the command post divisions of the coordinates of the reference point;
• Formation and transmission to the CP of divisions and the control point of direct cover means (PU SNP) of general type commands, reception and display of reports on their execution;
• Formation and transmission to the CP divisions and PU SNP teams on targets, receiving and displaying reports on the progress and results of their implementation;
• continuous processing, output to the display means and input into the algorithms of target allocation and coordination of combat operations of divisions of data from the front (army) air defense command post and the front (army) air force fighter aviation command post about the air situation with signs of actions against IA and ADMC targets, as well as reports from divisions on combat work on targets assigned with the command post of the brigade and chosen independently;
• entering data on the position, status, combat readiness and nature of actions of subordinate units into the EVK ACS "Polyana-D4".
The Polyana-D4 ACS also provided for the transfer to the air defense command post of reports on the status, combat readiness and results of combat operations of all the brigade’s combat weapons, on the execution of commands for the targets issued by this command post, on the distribution of the brigade’s efforts.
In the standby mode of operation of the Polyana-D4 ACS, the operation of a limited number of ACS hardware was provided, which ensured the reception of information about the air situation, warning signals and commands to bring the brigade's units to various degrees of combat readiness, control the brigade's duty units.
In the period from May 1985 to June 1986, the prototype of the automated control system "Polyana-D4" passed the entire cycle of state tests,
At the first stage of testing at the simulation-modeling complex, the Research Institute of Automation Tools made an assessment of the correctness of the software, performance, temporal and accuracy characteristics of the AMS Polyana D4 automated control system, as well as testing the possibilities of providing information interface of the system with objects that have not yet been completed.
The second stage of state testing was carried out at the Embeni test site and included an assessment of the operational and technical characteristics of the system in real conditions, verification of its information technology interface with the existing controlled objects and communication facilities, as well as confirmation of the performance characteristics obtained using simulation modeling.
Simulation of combat operations of an anti-aircraft missile brigade in a complex air and jamming environment showed that the number of enemy EIAs hit when using the Polyana D4 ACS compared to the autonomous actions of the divisions increases by 20-23% for the brigade equipped with the C-300В SAM and 35-37B % for the brigade equipped with the Buk-М1 air defense missile system.
In 1986, the Polya-D4 automated control system was adopted by the air defense forces of the Armed Forces.
The creation of the automated control system Polyana-D4 was a new qualitative step in the direction of automating the control of anti-aircraft missile formations of the operational level of military air defense.
In terms of its performance characteristics, the Polyana-D4 exceeded the American Missile Minder automated control system, which was used at that time to control the air defense missile system of the NATO ground forces.
The structure of ACS "Polyana-D4" included:
1. command post (PBU) of the brigade (MP06 vehicle) on a BAZ-6950 vehicle with a SKN-6950 body
2. command and staff vehicle (KShM) of the brigade (MP02 vehicle with a KP4 trailer) on a Ural-375 vehicle and an SMZ-782B trailer.
3. Spare parts and maintenance machine (MP45 machine) on a Ural-375 car
4. two diesel power plants ED-T400-1RAM on KamAZ-4310 vehicles.
In PBU, automated workplaces (AWPs) of the brigade commander, senior combat control officer (sent to two divisions and the front air defense command post (army), a representative aviation Air Force, operational duty officer, combat control officer (sent to two divisions), intelligence chief of the brigade (senior operator of radar processing), radar processing operator, engineer and communications technician.
The KSHM was equipped with an automated workplace for the deputy armament brigade commander, operational department officer (alphanumeric display operator - ATSD), senior officer of the operational department (drawing machine operator) and non-automated workplaces for two technicians.
In the KSHM trailer were the AWS of the brigade chief of staff and the head of the operational department (brigade communications chief) - the ATSD operator and six non-automated jobs for brigade staff officers.
To ensure the combat operation of the Polyana-D4 ACS, the common air defense system of the SV provided for the exchange of digital operational-tactical and radar information, as well as voice communication with higher-level, subordinate and interacting command-points and control points through the attached communication center
Information exchange between PBU and KSHM was carried out via cable communication lines.
For communication between the crews of mobile units of the automated control system Polyana D4, on the march, VHF radios installed in the cabs of drivers were used.
The deployment time (collapse) of the Polana-D4 ACS by the calculation forces did not exceed 20 min.
ACS "Polyana-D4" provided management:
• up to four anti-aircraft missile battalions armed with S-300V air defense systems or Buk air defense systems (Buk-M1) and their modifications;
• subordinate radar posts PORI-P1 or PORI-P2;
• A control point for direct cover means of the PU-12M brigade or a unified battery command post "Rangier".
The higher air defense command posts in relation to the Polyana-D4 ACS were the air defense or military service command posts.
It was also envisaged to interface the Poliana-D4 ACS with the tactical formations of the Air Defense Forces.
Sources of information about the air situation for the AMS "Polyana-D4" were:
• Control points for PORI-P1 or PORI-P2 radar posts;
• Aviation complex of radar patrol and guidance A-50;
• KP anti-aircraft missile battalions S-300V or "Buk"
• KP air defense of the front (army);
• Command post of the tactical formation of the Air Defense Forces of the Country;
• Command post of fighter aircraft of the Air Force of the front (army).
The Polyana D4 automated control system implemented the principle of mixed combat control of the S-ZOOV or Buk anti-aircraft missile brigade, which combined the centralized targeting of the brigade's command post with the autonomous actions of anti-aircraft missile battalions to select targets in their assigned areas of responsibility.
Radar information about the air situation came to the automated control system “Glade D4” in digital form from the following sources of this information:
• air defense command post of the front or army;
• Control point of subordinate RLP;
• Aviation complex of radar patrol and guidance А50;
• Four CPs of subordinate divisions;
• Command post of fighter aircraft of the Air Force of the front.
The air situation was displayed on the displays of the automated workplace PBU in the form of symbols of its own, alien and unidentified targets. Next to the target symbol, its number, height and quantitative composition (for group purposes) were displayed. Provided mapping to 5 traces targets, extrapolated for a time to 7 minutes
The control of subordinate RLP carried out with the PBU ACS "Polyana-D4" allowed to change the measurement rate of the coordinates of the targets, to clarify their affiliation, etc.
Selective notification of divisions and means of direct brigade cover was formed automatically in accordance with the importance (danger) of the targets and the position of the subordinate means of destruction.
Operational and tactical information from the air defense command post of the front (army) was sent to the Polyana-D4 ACS in the form of orders and instructions, information about the enemy, teams for the distribution of efforts, flight corridors and applications for flights of their aircraft, fighter duty zones (army) reference point, information about the ground situation.
The exchange of operational and tactical information between the Polyan-D4 ACS and the air defense command post of the front (army) was carried out via secret telecode communication channels.
To control the combat operations of the missile battalions and units of direct protection, the Polyana-D4 ACS provided:
• Formation and transmission to the CP divisions of commands for the distribution of efforts in the form of sectors, areas of responsibility, missile-hazardous areas, receiving and displaying reports on their execution;
• formation and transfer to the command post divisions of the coordinates of the reference point;
• Formation and transmission to the CP of divisions and the control point of direct cover means (PU SNP) of general type commands, reception and display of reports on their execution;
• Formation and transmission to the CP divisions and PU SNP teams on targets, receiving and displaying reports on the progress and results of their implementation;
• continuous processing, output to the display means and input into the algorithms of target allocation and coordination of combat operations of divisions of data from the front (army) air defense command post and the front (army) air force fighter aviation command post about the air situation with signs of actions against IA and ADMC targets, as well as reports from divisions on combat work on targets assigned with the command post of the brigade and chosen independently;
• entering data on the position, status, combat readiness and nature of actions of subordinate units into the EVK ACS "Polyana-D4".
The Polyana-D4 ACS also provided for the transfer to the air defense command post of reports on the status, combat readiness and results of combat operations of all the brigade’s combat weapons, on the execution of commands for the targets issued by this command post, on the distribution of the brigade’s efforts.
In the standby mode of operation of the Polyana-D4 ACS, the operation of a limited number of ACS hardware was provided, which ensured the reception of information about the air situation, warning signals and commands to bring the brigade's units to various degrees of combat readiness, control the brigade's duty units.
In the period from May 1985 to June 1986, the prototype of the automated control system "Polyana-D4" passed the entire cycle of state tests,
At the first stage of testing at the simulation-modeling complex, the Research Institute of Automation Tools made an assessment of the correctness of the software, performance, temporal and accuracy characteristics of the AMS Polyana D4 automated control system, as well as testing the possibilities of providing information interface of the system with objects that have not yet been completed.
The second stage of state testing was carried out at the Embeni test site and included an assessment of the operational and technical characteristics of the system in real conditions, verification of its information technology interface with the existing controlled objects and communication facilities, as well as confirmation of the performance characteristics obtained using simulation modeling.
Simulation of combat operations of an anti-aircraft missile brigade in a complex air and jamming environment showed that the number of enemy EIAs hit when using the Polyana D4 ACS compared to the autonomous actions of the divisions increases by 20-23% for the brigade equipped with the C-300В SAM and 35-37B % for the brigade equipped with the Buk-М1 air defense missile system.
In 1986, the Polya-D4 automated control system was adopted by the air defense forces of the Armed Forces.
The creation of the automated control system Polyana-D4 was a new qualitative step in the direction of automating the control of anti-aircraft missile formations of the operational level of military air defense.
In terms of its performance characteristics, the Polyana-D4 exceeded the American Missile Minder automated control system, which was used at that time to control the air defense missile system of the NATO ground forces.
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