The brutal assault on Kazan

39
The brutal assault on Kazan


Trekking


After a series of Russian-Kazan wars and unsuccessful attempts at a peaceful solution to the Kazan problem (Battle on the Volga. The fight between Moscow and Kazan; War between Moscow and Kazan Khan Safa-Girey; The Turkish threat and Ivan the Terrible) the government of Ivan Vasilievich decided to end the independence of the Kazan kingdom (Camping trip).



The Kazan campaign began on July 3, 1552, after the defeat of the Crimean horde of Devlet (The heroic defense of Tula and the defeat of the Crimean Turkish army on the Shivoron river). The Russian army moved in two columns. The Guard Regiment, the Left Hand Regiment and the Sovereign Regiment, led by Sovereign Ivan Vasilyevich, went through Vladimir and Mur on the river. Sura, to the mouth of the river. Alatyr, where the city of the same name was founded. The Big Regiment, the Regiment of the Right Hand and the Advance Regiment led by Prince Mikhail Vorotynsky went to Alatyr through Ryazan and Meshchera. The connection of the two buildings took place at Boroncheev Gorodische across the Sura River. Passing an average of 25 km a day, the Russian army reached Sviyazhsk on August 13. The Russian army traditionally included serving Tatars, led by Khan Shah-Ali, and Astrakhan princes.

Sviyazhsk fortress was besieged by the enemy. The local tribes on the Mountain side, not being able to independently resist Kazan, went over to the Kazan Tatars. Ambushes and shelling became commonplace. When a large royal army went to Sviyazhsk, the mountain dwellers quickly changed their minds about fighting the Russians. They sent the elders to the king, they obeyed. Ivan IV showed mercy, did not punish the local tribes, which could lead to unnecessary losses and bitterness of the natives (the word did not carry a negative meaning, it meant "a native of the local area"). Mountain Maris and Chuvashs helped the Russians to repair roads, build crossings, put up warriors.

On August 16, the Russian regiments began to cross the Volga, the crossing lasted 3 days. On August 23, a huge 150-strong army reached the walls of Kazan. The tsarist army was strengthened by the Cossacks. In some legends, Ermak Timofeevich was among them. Apparently, this is a folklore fantasy of later times. The Cossacks came from the Don, Volga, possibly Yaik (Ural) and Terek. What does it say about the connection of the Cossacks between themselves and Moscow. They arrived on the orders of Ivan the Terrible, knowing when and where to come. They were headed by ataman Susar Fedorov.


Battle for Kazan. Miniature from the facial vault

City defense


The Russian commander-in-chief, wishing to avoid unnecessary bloodshed, turned to Khan Ediger (Yadygar) and the Kazan nobility, demanding to extradite the perpetrators of the rebellion, promising mercy to the rest. But the Tatar elite decided that the city would withstand the siege. Ivan Vasilyevich was sent a deliberately rude answer, in which he was vilified, his state and faith.

Kazanians managed to prepare well for war and defense. The city was supplied with everything necessary for a long siege. Kazan, located on the heights dominating the area, was protected by a double oak wall filled with rubble and clay, with 14 stone towers - "shooters". The approaches to the city from the north were covered by the Kazanka River, from the west - by the river. Bulak. On the other sides, especially from the Arsk field, the most convenient for the assault, Kazan was surrounded by a large ditch - up to 6,5 m wide and 15 m deep.

The 11 gates were the most vulnerable to attack, but they were protected by towers and additional fortifications. The city walls had parapets and roofing to protect the shooters. Also in Kazan there was an inner citadel located in the northwestern part of the city. The citadel had royal chambers and mosques, which were separated from the rest of the city by stone walls and ravines. Kazan was defended by an entire army of 30-40 thousand fighters, which included mobilized citizens, several thousand Nogais and 5 thousand eastern merchants, with their guards and servants.

The Kazan command also foresaw the possibility of an external attack on the Russian army. A prison was erected 15 versts northeast of the Kazan Fortress, on High Mountain in the upper reaches of the Kazanka River. The approaches to it were covered by swamps and notches. In Ostrog, a 20-strong cavalry army of Tsarevich Yapanchi, Shunak-Murza and the Arsk (Udmurt) Prince Yevush was placed. It also included detachments of the Mari and Chuvash, who were skilled hunters. The Tatar cavalry was supposed to attack the rear and flanks of the Russian rati, distracting the enemy from the capital.

However, this time it was not enough to stop the Russians. The royal regiments acted decisively and were well prepared. Also, the tsarist military experts used a new method of destroying city walls - underground mine galleries. The Tatars had not yet encountered such a threat and could not take countermeasures.


Capital of the Kazan Khanate. Painting by F. Khalikov

Defeat of Yapancha


The battles for the capital of the Kazan kingdom began on the outskirts of the city. Kazan chose a good moment to attack. The advanced Russian detachments only crossed the Bulak River and climbed the slope of the Arsk field, while the main forces were on the other side and could not help the Ertaul regiment (Yartaul). A 15-strong detachment came out of the Nogai and Tsarev gates and hit the Russians. The attackers acted quickly, bravely and almost crushed Yartaul. The situation was saved by archers and Cossacks. They opened heavy fire from squeakers at the enemy. Kazanians mixed up, suspended their onslaught. At this time, new archery orders from the Advanced Regiment arrived in time. The enemy cavalry could not withstand the well-aimed fire of the Russians and turned back, under the protection of the walls. During the flight, the horsemen upset the ranks of their infantry. The entire detachment hastily retreated behind the walls.

The Russians surrounded the city with trenches, trenches and wicker shields, in some places they set up a palisade. The clerk Vyrodkov led the siege work. On August 27, 1552, an outfit (artillery) was installed, and the shelling of the fortress began. Russian artillery under the command of the boyar Morozov was powerful and consisted of up to 150 guns. The archers guarded the cannons and fired at the walls, preventing the enemy from showing up on them and making sorties out of the gates. The guns caused great damage to the Kazan fortress, its artillery and beat many people. Among the guns were "great" guns, which had their own names: "Ring", "Ushataya", "Snake oversized", "Flying Serpent", "Nightingale".

At the beginning of the siege of the Russian army, attacks by the cavalry of Yapancha interfered. On a special signal, a large banner was raised on one of the towers of the Kazan fortress, the enemy attacked the Russian rear "from the forests, very menacingly and quickly." The first such raid took place on August 28, the voivode Tretiak Loshakov was killed. The next day, Prince Yapancha attacked again, at the same time the city garrison made a sortie.

The Russian command, correctly assessing the threat, took retaliatory measures. A strong 45-strong army of Prince Alexander Humpbacked and Peter Serebryany (30 cavalry and 15 infantry) was sent against the enemy cavalry. On August 30, the Russian governors, with a feigned retreat, were able to lure the enemy out of the forests to the Arsk field (they used the ancient tactics of the Scythian Rus and the Horde) and blocked the detachments of the "evil Tatars". The enemy army was defeated, suffered heavy losses.

Only a part was able to break into the forest and fled to prison. The Russians pursued the enemy to the river. Kinderki. The captives were executed in front of the walls of Kazan, instilling fear in the enemy. According to other sources, the prisoners were tied to stakes near the walls of Kazan, so that they begged the townspeople to surrender. The city was promised "forgiveness and mercy", the captives were promised freedom. Kazanians themselves shot their comrades with bows. As a result, the threat from the Tatar cavalry corps in the rear was eliminated.


Map source: L. Beskrovny. Atlas of maps and diagrams for the Russian military stories

The deterioration of the city


On September 6, 1552, the regiments of Gorbaty and Serebryany set out on a campaign to the Kama, having received the task of "burning Kazan lands and villages to ruin to the ground." Russian troops stormed the prison on High Mountain, where the remnants of enemy troops were hiding. The garrison was destroyed. 12 Arsk princes, 7 Cheremis governors, 200-300 centurions and elders were taken prisoner. Then the Russian troops traveled more than 150 miles, reached the Kama, destroying enemy villages. This should not be surprising, as wars have been fought at all times. For example, now the Ukrainian troops, with the full support of the “civilized world”, are waging an all-out war on the Left Bank, destroying Russian cities and villages.

Humpbacked's army returned to Kazan with victory, freeing thousands of Russian slaves. For ten days of the campaign, the Russian troops took 30 small fortresses-prisons, captured representatives of the local nobility (pacifying the territory), drove a large number of cattle to the camp, solving the problem of supply. Due to bad weather (rainstorms and storms), many ships with supplies sank, so the army was fed from a spear.

Having defeated the Yapancha cavalry corps and secured the rear on the Arsk side, the Russian army could calmly complete the siege. Russian guns were brought closer to the walls, their fire became even more terrible for the townspeople. A large mobile tower was erected with 10 large and 50 small cannons, squeakers. From a height of 13 meters, Russian gunners finished off enemy artillery, shot through the walls and streets of the city. Kazanians suffered heavy losses. The city garrison tried to make sorties, but was not successful.

On August 31, the underground war began. Rozmysel, who was in the Russian service (this is not a name, but a nickname - "engineer") and his students, trained in "city ruin", began to dig under the fortifications to install powder mines. On September 4, an explosion occurred under the Daurova Tower of the Kazan Kremlin under a water source, which worsened the city's water supply. There were reservoirs in Kazan, but the quality of the water in them was much worse, diseases began. In addition, part of the city wall collapsed. Also, Russian sappers blew up the Ant Gate (Nur-Ali Gate). The Kazanians were able to build a new line of fortifications in the rear and repulsed the assault that had begun.


Siege of Kazan. V. Bodrov

Fall of the capital


The mine war was successful. The Russian command decided to finish off the fortress with the help of an underground war. By the end of September, new mine galleries were prepared. Powerful explosions were to be the beginning of a decisive assault. On September 30, the first strong explosion demolished part of the wall. Russian troops burst into the gap, a fierce battle began. The townspeople desperately fought back, dying, but did not retreat. The garrison repulsed the first attack. However, the archers and Cossacks under the leadership of the governor Mikhail Vorotynsky and Alexei Basmanov, who captured a section of the wall at the Arsky Gate, refused to leave. They held the captured bridgehead for two days and waited for a general assault. Kazanians in this area erected new fortifications from stones and logs.

On the eve of the assault, Russian troops approached almost all the gates. In some places, the moat was filled up, in other areas temporary bridges were built. On October 1 (11), 1552, the Russian command again offered the enemy to submit. The proposal was rejected, Kazan decided to defend to the end:

“Don't hit us with your forehead! ... yes, we will all die or serve our time. "

They still hoped to hold out until the cold weather, when the Russians would have to lift the siege and leave, as had happened before.

On the morning of October 2 (12), 1552, Russian troops took their starting positions. The Kasimov (service) Tatars were sent to the Arsk field to repel a possible attack from the rear. Also, large cavalry detachments were put up on the Galician and Nogai roads, as barriers against small detachments of the Mari and Nogais, who were still operating in the vicinity of Kazan. The signal for the assault was two strong explosions. 48 barrels of "potions" were laid in the mines - about 240 pounds of gunpowder. Sections of the walls between the Atalykov Gates and the Nameless Tower, between the Tsarev and Ar Gates were destroyed. The fortress walls from the side of the Arsk field were destroyed.

Russian troops - up to 45 thousand archers, Cossacks and boyar children, burst into huge gaps on the move. On the crooked and narrow streets of the city, fierce hand-to-hand fights unfolded. The townspeople fiercely and stubbornly fought back, knowing that there would be no mercy.

The main centers of defense were the main mosque on the Tezitsky ravine and the royal palace. At first, all attempts by Russian troops to break through the Tezitsky ravine, which separated the inner citadel from the city itself, ended in failure. Then reserves were thrown into battle, including part of the dismounted Tsar's regiment. Also, according to Kurbsky, all the walking wounded, sick, rear servants, servants, etc., rushed into the city with the aim of robbery. The robbers, faced with enemy detachments that were still resisting, fled, preventing our regiments from completing the operation. Russian governors had to take the most cruel measures to restore order.

The arrival of reinforcements ended the battle. Russian fighters broke through the enemy defenses at the main mosque. The entire garrison of the mosque, led by seid Kol-Sharif, was destroyed. The last bloody battle took place on the square in front of the royal palace, where selected Kazan troops fought back. Almost everyone died. No prisoners were taken.

Contrary to the myth about the "humble and God-fearing" Russian Christian soldiers, they were not. Otherwise, Russia would not exist. The Russians knew how to respond with force for force, with determination for determination. Russian warriors were embittered by stubborn resistance, the death of friends, they took revenge for decades of raids, campaigns, massacres and fires. For the Russian people driven into captivity and sold into captivity.

On the other hand, the Kazan fighters fiercely fought back, they did not ask for mercy. Only Khan Yadygar (Ediger), his brothers and Prince Zeniet were taken prisoner. Also, a few soldiers were saved, who threw themselves from the walls, fled under fire, were able to cross the river. Kazanka and got to the forests on the Galician road. They were followed by a pursuit, which exterminated some of the fugitives.

During the brutal assault, up to 20 thousand Tatars died, thousands of slaves were freed. The liberated were taken out of the city, as strong fires began. The surviving townspeople were settled outside the city, near Lake Kaban (Staro-Tatarskaya Sloboda).


Capture of Kazan by Ivan the Terrible. Hood. G. I. Ugryumov

Results


After the victory, Tsar Ivan Vasilievich entered the city through the Muravleva Gate. He examined the royal palace, mosques and ordered to put out the fires. The Kazan tsar, banners, cannons and the remaining gunpowder were taken out of the city. Soon Ediger was baptized with the name Simeon and served the Russian kingdom (participated in the Livonian War), like many other Kazan princes, princes and murzas, who made up a significant part of the general imperial nobility-elite.

Thus, the Kazan Tatars quickly became part of the core of the Russian superethnos, as carriers of the imperial, state tradition (“hordes”). At the same time, it is worth remembering that the artistic tradition of depicting the Kazan Tatars (descendants of the Volgar Bulgars) as representatives of the Mongoloid race does not correspond to historical truth. Kazan Tatars are Caucasians, like Russians-Russians.

On October 12 (22), 1552, the Russian tsar left Kazan, leaving Prince Gorbaty as its viceroy, subordinate to whom were the governors Vasily Serebryany, Alexei Pleshcheev, Foma Golovin and Ivan Chebotov.

The war on the territory of Kazan land continued for several more years (Cheremis war of Ivan the Terrible). The attacks were carried out by the remaining Kazan feudal lords, the local tribes subordinate to them. The Crimean emissaries tried to cause a big uprising, carried money and weapon. However, soon the entire Middle Volga region was subordinated to Moscow. The Russian state included Kazan Tatars, Chuvashs, Maris, Udmurts and Bashkirs.

As a result, Moscow eliminated the threat from the east. The Crimean Khanate lost the support of the Kazanians, who during the campaigns of the Crimeans attacked the eastern borders of Russia. The way to the Urals and Siberia was opened. Russia received a significant part of the Volga region and the Volga trade route. There was an opportunity to firmly occupy Astrakhan, the entire Volga.

The Volga peoples were introduced to the more developed spiritual and material culture of the Russians. Russians began to populate the Volga region, mass construction of cities began. Many Russian regions, including the Volga region, which had recently been a dangerous frontier, became a deep rear and could live and develop in peace.

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  1. -2
    6 October 2022 05: 08
    Kazan Tatars are Caucasoids, like Russians-Russians

    For the most part they are Finno-Ugric, like the northern Russians. Simply, they switched to the Turkic language and, due to their proximity to the Islamic area, they converted to Islam ... I mean Kazan Tatars, not Astrakhan or Crimean ...
    1. +1
      6 October 2022 06: 07
      Indeed, there are many Finno-Ugric peoples, but not the majority. Take a look at Minnikhanov - a typical Sabine Tatar. Islam does not prevent us from living peacefully with the Tatars, Islam does not interfere with anything at all. hi
      1. +2
        6 October 2022 07: 21
        A Russian, a Ukrainian, and a Hungarian can have such an appearance ... Other factors are responsible for the color of the eyes and hair ...
    2. 0
      8 October 2022 19: 23
      The Tatars are a Turkic-speaking people (like the Chuvashs), a newcomer people, Finno-Ugric peoples lived there before him. Like the Slavs, they are an alien people on the territory of the Finno-Finns and the Balts.
      Mari, Udmurts, Mordovians (Finns, the indigenous population of these lands) still live next to the Tatars, as well as next to the Slavs. Or they no longer live (dissolved, absorbed by larger ethnic groups) golyad, Erzya, Murom, Meshchera.
      1. -1
        8 October 2022 20: 21
        Tatars are a Turkic-speaking people (like the Chuvashs), a newcomer people, Finno-Finns lived there before him

        Finno-Ugric peoples have always lived there and live now. They just switched to the Turkic language. Just like some Finnish peoples mastered the Russian language and became Russian...
        1. 0
          8 October 2022 20: 24
          All the peoples I mentioned did not switch to Turkic, they retained their native languages ​​of the Finnish root. Although they have mastered Russian - but what about, they live in Russia.
  2. +5
    6 October 2022 05: 47
    The article does not disclose the role of observers from the Pleiades.
  3. +5
    6 October 2022 05: 51
    . a large ditch - up to 6,5 m wide and 15 m deep.

    15 meters deep? Volga-Don, did they train to dig? :)

    Ugryumov's painting reminds of modern fantasy covers - "everything is mixed up".

    Such a large ad hoc military operation required a decent economy. More than 150.000 people had to be clothed, shod, armed, fed. Yes, and just tear away from the national economy.

    The result for Yezdiger is, of course, indicative. In fact, a rebel, an enemy (Turkish) hireling, because of which tens of thousands died on both sides, who could just live and work, and Russia was forced to spend significant resources (which they would find where to apply). Not just left alive. Appointed to leadership positions.
    It is clear that not he, but another, and if the ruling groups of Kazan did not want a war with Russia, no Yezdiger would have forced them.
    1. 0
      14 November 2022 16: 22
      rebel, enemy (Turkish) mercenary Appointed to leadership positions.

      Under feudalism, it is not important who hires whom, but who swore an oath to whom, Yezdiger swore an oath of allegiance and began to serve the king. An excellent warrior and an experienced military leader are always valuable.
  4. -1
    6 October 2022 06: 48
    "at that time, new archery orders from the Advanced Regiment arrived" (c) laughing
    And if this proposal is extrapolated to the present, "at that time the Ministry of Defense was in time .."
    Probably led by Shoigu! soldier
    1. -3
      6 October 2022 07: 42
      Probably led by Shoigu!


      That's for sure, this one will ruin the whole thing, a worthy replacement for Taburetkin. laughing

      Hello Alexander! smile
      1. -1
        6 October 2022 08: 40
        Hi Kostya!
        How are you? And rural life in general. hi drinks
        1. +2
          6 October 2022 08: 54
          Everything is as usual - rain and boredom, though not always, both. smile drinks
          1. -1
            6 October 2022 11: 29
            Living in the St. Petersburg Armed Forces is like sleeping in a coffin, - not me, Fyodor Mikhailovich noticed, and ended up with ward No. 6; now it's not him, I'm worried ...
  5. +1
    6 October 2022 09: 15
    The fate of the inhabitants and slaves is not fully revealed.
    What To know the king took to his service - it is clear, it is known, brothers in the class.
    I met about the inhabitants: they were dumbfounded and taken away (they say even simple warriors acquired lackeys); carved out without exception or almost without exception; lived there..
    Number of slaves? 10 thousand, 20 thousand, 100 thousand met. Are you fooled by the boyars or have you become free??? everyone is modestly silent.

    And somehow modestly silent - that Kazan controlled the Volga. There were almost the largest fairs in the country. Those. Biggest money, trade taxes, etc.
    This is also usually silent, about control over goods on the Volga and money ...

    I would like to know about all this...
    1. -1
      6 October 2022 09: 24
      And somehow modestly silent - that Kazan controlled the Volga. There were almost the largest fairs in the country.

      It was until it was moved to Russian Nizhny Novgorod.
    2. -2
      7 October 2022 16: 33
      Quote: Max1995
      , about control over goods on the Volga and money ...

      I would like to know about all this...

      Who pocketed the money? The winner, of course ... and gave a small fraction to the former sovereign khans who became princes after baptism .. The agreement is shorter .. Nothing is new under the sun !! fellow . So somewhere there flashed the monkey face of Abramovich ... Or his great-great-grandfather ... wassat
    3. 0
      22 December 2022 15: 56
      The golden words of the Tatars held the Volga and the Russians wanted to improve the budget, pay attention, the Russians took not only Kazan, but went down and destroyed the remnants of the golden horde, which is now called Astrakhan. So it's not about the slave trade
  6. +2
    6 October 2022 12: 44
    In general, this topic should be disclosed since the time of the Sassanids. Which Zoroastrianism is clearly not to face.
    So the trips to Kazan still began from the time of Yuri Dolgoruky, who somehow used the Polovtsians and
    The trip suits this particular city. It turns out that the graters between the Bulgars and the Khazars still did not subside.
    Maybe at that time Moscow and Novgorod were well protected after the campaigns of Dir in 862, but these are all arguments.
    It is also known that all these Kazan nobles, but maybe not all, after the capture of Kazan in 1552, were released and left towards the former Khazaria.
  7. The comment was deleted.
    1. +3
      6 October 2022 16: 56
      Until now, on the Kazanka River, where there is a temple to the fallen soldiers, when the water rises and ebbs, skulls and bones of those times emerge. The temple was placed on a mass grave, where all the fallen soldiers were buried, but under the USSR (the construction of the Kuibyshev reservoir), the grave and the field were flooded, the road to the temple is now bulk. A photo of the temple itself is below (there are such pyramidal ones, only 2 - one in Europe, the second in Kazan). Thanks to the author for the article
  8. +3
    6 October 2022 19: 39
    There is no need to escalate: the assault must be decisive, otherwise it is not an assault. The annexation of cities and lands is the geopolitics, economics and trade of that time. Without the control of the Volga, a powerful state would not have arisen, which we inherited, which we almost ...
    This is our last...
    1. 0
      22 December 2022 15: 58
      What a politically correct word, joining But it was just an ordinary war of conquest, and all these tales that Russia expanded its possession peacefully remain fairy tales
  9. +1
    7 October 2022 11: 03
    I read up to the "Rus-Scythians" and realized that the author was a pseudo-scientist.
  10. 0
    7 October 2022 18: 18
    "The Volga peoples were introduced to the more developed spiritual and material culture of the Russians." They have already learned to write like the German Aryans, well, Hitler's nimchura. They adopted not only this, but also that... Mark Twain wrote about it like this - to rob a neighbor for his own benefit, when the Americans attacked Mexico.
  11. -2
    7 October 2022 21: 12
    The author would be nice to learn a story! Here is what the "Kazan Chronicler" writes about the Russian army (the tsar in Murom "prudently ... does the commanders of the wars"), "in the front regiment of the initial governors, set over your strength: the Crimean Tatar prince Taktamysh and the Shiban prince Kudayit .... In In the right hand of the initial governors, charter: the Kasimov king Shigalei ... in the left hand, the initial governors: the Astrokhan prince Kuybula ... In the guard regiment of the initial governors: Tsarevich Derbysh-Aley "
    And earlier in the annals the following was reported: "Tsar Shigalei came to Murom city from his limit, Is Kasimov, with him his barbarian forces 30; and two princes of the Astrokhan Horde ... Kaibul named, the other - Derbysh-Aley ... .giving by their will in the service of the tsar the Grand Duke, and with him the Tatars of their twenty thousand "
    Of course, the Russians formed the basis of the army (I have omitted the names), but the chronicler puts Genghisides in the first place, because the Russian military leaders could not compare with them in nobility. That is, in fact, a little less than half of the Russian troops who took Kazan were Tatars.
    1. 0
      14 November 2022 15: 33
      That is, in fact, a little less than half of the Russian troops who took Kazan were Tatars.

      At that time, the nation was not looked at.
      1. 0
        14 November 2022 21: 38
        Who told you that?///////////////////////////
        1. 0
          18 November 2022 10: 35
          This is feudalism, where the main thing is loyalty to the overlord, and not the nation.
          1. 0
            18 November 2022 18: 43
            No need to think in clichés, which means they didn’t look at the nation? Did they distinguish a Russian from a Tatar?
            1. 0
              19 November 2022 09: 57
              Did they distinguish a Russian from a Tatar?

              This was distinguished at the everyday level, but at the organizational level they were not distinguished, since under feudalism it is the estate, the commoner or the nobleman, and not the nation, that matters. Relations developed in the form of fidelity, when an oath of allegiance was sworn to a higher status.
              A noble man, a nobleman, whether a German Tatar or everything is one, but having sworn allegiance to the tsar, he enters the service and becomes our man. The feudal lord is not interested in what peoples they own, the main thing is that they pay dues. Also in those days, the self-consciousness of the simple masses was limited to the place of residence, for a resident of Rostov, the inhabitants of Tula were as alien as the Tatars.
              "Nation" as a political category appeared under capitalism.
              1. +1
                19 November 2022 16: 12
                I have not seen this in any historian. It is your opinion? If this were so, then just at that time the people would not have been created. And Novgorod, for example. it didn't matter. Ryazan in front of him or Fryazin. Yes, if a person settled where, among a people alien to him, he eventually became his own, but it is not a fact that even his sons. Therefore, the nicknames of the Poles arose. Litvinov. Tatarinov. Yes, and to attribute this to the feudal lord is somehow strange. within established states. Of course, on the one hand, he doesn’t care who paid him the quitrent, his own or someone else’s, but this is only on one side.
            2. 0
              19 November 2022 10: 24
              [quote] [quote] No need to think in clichés [/ quote]

              It is difficult for a modern person to understand estate, but the areas where it exists have been preserved. Here in the picture the whole prime minister is curtseying in front of William's wife who does not hold any positions (unemployed) but is higher in status than Theresa May. The prime minister curtsies in front of the unemployed - this is a class system, according to etiquette, subordinates should curtsy.
              The military salutes for the same purpose.
              1. 0
                19 November 2022 16: 16
                This is generally not class, but etiquette, and where does all of the above? And it survived only in monarchies, real or imaginary.
              2. 0
                22 November 2022 09: 43
                Quote: nickname7
                The prime minister does curtsy
                This is not a knixen, but some kind of profanity. Knixen is in itself a feminine form of greeting. It is supposed to be done at some distance, holding the edges of the dress with both hands, and the eyes of the person making the curtsy should look at the floor. When etiquette was being developed, including the curt, there was no female handshake at all and was not provided for. In theory, Teresa first had to make a curtsy, and only then, in full growth and not half-bent, approach the crown prince's wife's hand. And she combined both elements of the greeting in one. Therefore, we see her in such a generally funny pose.
    2. 0
      22 December 2022 16: 00
      What kind of Tatars are Genghisides? The offspring of Genghisides are guys from the territory of present-day Kazakhstan. But the fact that the Tatars fought with Chingiziads is beautifully reflected in the epic that the Russians know as the Battle of the Sheep
  12. 0
    17 November 2022 12: 30
    Quote: azkolt
    but the chronicler puts Genghisides in the first place, because the Russian military leaders could not compare with them in nobility.
    Yes, the Lord is with you, where did you see in the chronicler even a hint of "Genghisides"? In the Kazan Chronicler (moreover, in the version in which this "chronicler" is placed in the first Nikolaev edition of the PSRL), the Tatars are simply listed. But the fact that they are some kind of "noble Genghisides" is already your personal addition to the Kazan chronicler.
    1. 0
      18 November 2022 18: 51
      Firstly, the Lord is written with a capital letter, and secondly, were the princes then not Genghisides?))) Shigalei (Shah Ali) was not a Genghisides? Derbysh-Ali was not Genghisides?
      1. 0
        21 November 2022 10: 30
        Firstly, with what letter I want to write, I write with this.
        Secondly, I pointed out that the chronicler himself does not write anything about "Chingizids". The conclusion about the "Chengizids" is made by you.
        Thirdly, maybe you should not interfere so much in history and correct our long-dead ancestors, pointing out to them who is "Chingizid" and who is "not Genghisid"? Maybe our ancestors did not consider them "Chingizids"? Or maybe our ancestors did not even know the word "Genghisides" itself. Moreover, there were thousands of "shagys-khans" (in our transcription "Chinggis = khans") and "batys-khans" (in our transcription "baty-khan") for hundreds of years. Since in the Turkic languages ​​the word "shagys" means "east", and "batys" - west. Accordingly, any khan, whose possessions are located to the east of the observer, is "shagys-khan" for him. And if the possessions are located to the west of the observer, then this is already "batys-khan". And our ancestors, as Afanasy Nikitin showed us, were quite bilingual.
  13. 0
    22 December 2022 15: 52
    The article completely lacks information about the role of the Bashkirs in taking Kazan of the people's memory, the Bashkirs remained traitors because of which Kazan was taken by Russian troops.
    There is completely no information about repressions against the local population, not only in Kazan ..... For those who do not know, open Yandex.maps and you will see that the banks of the Volga in Tatarstan practically do not have settlements with a Tatar name .... The same policy was continued and Soviet power, led by the Jews of Ulyanov, who in his youth was hard hit by Tatar boys.
    And also what the Russians did during the capture of Kazan, the Tatars perfectly remember and did not forget anything

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