Reparations in the 50s: this is how we “left” Finland

With the last tier

70 years ago, on September 18, 1952, the last echelon with Finnish reparation supplies crossed the Vainikalle-Buslovskaya border crossing on the Karelian Isthmus. Finland turned out to be the only country from the former allies of the Nazi Reich that fully paid reparations to the USSR - $ 230 million.

But in the same period, the USSR initiated a shipping canal project that was supposed to connect the White Sea-Baltic Canal with central Finland and the Finnish port of Oulu. The latter, by the way, is located not far from Sweden, so the project could well grow into a large-scale international one. And the project almost failed...

First, in Moscow (1944), the amount of Finnish reparations was determined at 600 million dollars, but in 1946-1947. the amount was reduced to $230 million. This was fixed by the Paris Peace Treaty of the USSR and its Western allies with Finland, who did not even hide their plans to participate in its restoration.

Moscow reduced the amount of reparations so significantly because Finland agreed to transfer the Porkkala-Udd area to the USSR on a 50-year lease. Porkkala Udd is located on the coast of the Gulf of Finland not far from Helsinki, Tallinn and Stockholm. Since 1946, the base of the Soviet Navy has been located in this area.

The stele in Porkkala-Udd, which has survived to this day, with the words of G. Malenkov

Demilitarization in Finnish

In addition to providing the USSR with a place for a base, Finland undertook to demilitarize its Åland Islands, located in the strait between Suomi and Sweden. And which Sweden unofficially claimed until the mid-1940s inclusive.

It is also important that the USSR had the right to deploy its troops on this archipelago in the event of a war with other countries or a military threat from them. To whom? The same Finland or the Soviet Union. These factors were included in the 1948 Soviet-Finnish Treaty of Friendship and Mutual Assistance for a period of 10 years, which was repeatedly extended until the collapse of the USSR.

As reparations, Finland transferred to the USSR almost 60% of the tonnage of its trade fleet and about a third of their new merchant ships built in 1946–1949. Another item of reparations was the supply to the USSR of sets of equipment for 18 factories for the production of pulp, paper, cardboard and wood flour, for 17 enterprises for the production of prefabricated houses. The reparations also included deliveries of electrical goods and non-ferrous metallurgy goods.

Rollback is normal

But in 1956, on the initiative of the peace-loving N. S. Khrushchev, the naval base in Porkkala Udd was transferred to Finland. Please note that this was done 40 years before the end of her Soviet lease! You can talk as much as you like about the dubious strategic importance of the base, the very fact of unprecedented generosity is important.

The Finnish authorities, of course, gladly accepted such a "gift" from the Soviet leader. And now, according to available information, a large NATO military base will be located here. In connection with the entry of Suomi into this bloc ...

Meanwhile, in the late 40s - the first half of the 50s. it was planned to lay a navigable canal from the White Sea-Baltic system to the North Baltic Gulf of Bothnia with a length of about 450 km - mainly along the rivers and flow channels of central Finland.

The purpose of the construction, which, in fact, did not take place, was to further strengthen the Soviet presence in Suomi and an additional transit exit from the USSR to Sweden: the port of Oulu, the final port of such a channel in Finland, was only 40 miles from the Swedish port of Lulea. The project was developed in 1944–1947.

Soviet specialists at that time and later studied in Sweden the work of the trans-Swedish Göta Canal (Baltic - North Sea), documentation on its construction. To use this experience for the construction of the trans-Finnish canal. However, it was rather an elective with business trips for officials and authorities, since the USSR had an excess of its own developments in the construction of canals, bridges, dams and hydroelectric power stations.

Consent is not a product...

At first, this project was agreed in Helsinki, and at the turn of the 40s and 50s, preparations began in both countries for its implementation. But the Finns soon saw here an attempt by Moscow to almost dismember Suomi, and in April 1953 they withdrew their previous consent to the creation of a canal through Finland. The Soviet leadership agreed with this position of Suomi.

It is also interesting that in 1956 - almost simultaneously with the refusal of Moscow from the base in Porkkala-Udd - the Karelian-Finnish SSR was abolished. It existed for only 17 years - from March 31, 1940 to July 16, 1956 inclusive. Ideally, it was planned to be included in the People's Republic of Finland, which, as they believed in December 1939 in the Kremlin, was about to take place.

However, it didn't happen. This Finnish experience, like the Austrian, and even Yugoslav, actually testifies to how far-fetched the theses are that the USSR exported not only ideas, but also the practice of socialism and communism to the liberated countries of Europe.

Pavilion of the former Karelo-Finnish SSR at VDNKh. Moscow

And after the Great Patriotic War, Moscow preferred to cooperate with pro-Soviet, although not socialist, Finland. Therefore, in order not to irritate Helsinki and not to remind the Soviet Karelian-Finns of their kindred Finland, especially with a many times high level of capitalist life, the status of the republic was lowered to the former one - the ASSR. And the word "Finnish" was carefully removed from the name.

The only thing that still reminds Moscow of this republic is the pavilion "Karelo-Finnish SSR" preserved at VDNKh. But there is nothing Karelian-Finnish in his exposition since 1958...

Comments

[ivan2022]

The attitude to facts is determined by the understanding of their logic; causes and effects. But we do not know the reasons for the actions of the Khrushchev group, because we do not know all the facts. One can only assume that during the post-war reparations, the "chief Ukrainian communist" and the commander of the western group of troops were smeared in such a way that this led them to the need for a state. coup. And the threat of exposure by the secret services of the West - to the need for concessions to the West. Both in questions of ideology and in questions of economic policy.
For otherwise, Khrushchev's "reforms", which were not caused by any economic crisis against the background of the intensive growth of the power of the USSR, cannot be explained at all.

[Old electrician]

No need to beat around the bush. Without exception, all Khrushchev's reforms have a clear ideological justification. Khrushchev is a Trotskyist. This is not a curse, but a statement of fact. In the 20s, Nikita was a member of the Trotskyist cell, but then he changed his color in time, although his adherence to the ideas of Trotsky did not disappear.
Trotsky's main thesis - the USSR and Stalin is an obstacle to the World Revolution. The USSR is a backward agrarian country, it is not capable of leading the world proletariat, and Stalin does not allow the USSR to fall apart. Therefore, the USSR and Stalinism must be destroyed, and the former territories of the USSR must be civilized according to the European model. Even Trotsky understood that the World Revolution was unreal, but, nevertheless, we are still following the path bequeathed to him, the path to civilized European enlightenment. It is under the banner of Trotsky's idea of ​​the USSR/Russia growing into the West that all Khrushchev's reforms should be considered:
- the Soviet army interferes with European civilization and the liquidation of the USSR - down with her to hell, all the majors in the pigs;
- for Austria's promise to observe the policy of neutrality (where is this neutrality of Austria today?) in 1955, Khrushchev withdrew troops from the country directly responsible for the attack on the USSR in 1941. In the West, on this occasion, they almost beat off their hands in applause;
- The Kuril Islands of Japan and territorial concessions to everyone who asks for them? - What is the talk about? Yes, take everything together with the Kemsky volost in addition, etc., etc. And all this just for the sake of being handshake in the West.
From the same opera, Khrushchev's anti-Stalinism. When David Ben-Gurion got acquainted with the text of Khrushchev's report at the XX Congress of the CPSU, after reading it he said:
[/ quote] If this is not a fake, not misinformation specially substituted for us, take my word - in twenty years there will be no Soviet Union [/ quote]
- David Ben-Gurion was only 15 years wrong. As a result of this betrayal, Khrushchev became almost his own in the West, and kings and presidents clapped friendly on the shoulder. However, there was no respect for him - a traitor is always despised.
But in accordance with Trotsky's idea that professional revolutionaries are people of a special warehouse, therefore they should not live modestly, as they all should not, Nikita was pulled off to the fullest. His scandalous nobility in the USSR itself was carefully hidden, but his foreign voyages left the most detailed descriptions about themselves. On business trips abroad, Nikita behaved like an Indian rajah or a sultan from the Middle Eastern emirates. On trips, Khrushchev was accompanied by members of the government, security guards, journalists, advisers, consultants and relatives. Not only the common-law wife Nina Kukharchuk traveled with him, but also her countless relatives. It goes without saying that everything is at the expense of the state. Khrushchev delegated to Nina Petrovna the right to make gifts on behalf of the government of the USSR. To increase his popularity, Khrushchev did not throw gold into the crowd in handfuls on business trips abroad. So, for example, when traveling to the United States in 1959, the Soviet delegation led by Khrushchev brought with them expensive and outlandish gifts for Americans - red and black caviar, collectible guns, incredibly beautiful carpets, traditional nesting dolls and lots and lots of Russian vodka. However, despite Khrushchev's generosity, all this chic was perceived in the West as a low-grade show, the Western media enthusiastically savored Khrushchev's fool.
In 1960, Khrushchev visited the United States for the second time. As for the first time, he did not deceive the hopes of overseas residents who were expecting another obscenity at the interstate level. After a couple of days in New York, Khrushchev, in company with Fidel Castro, showed up in Harlem - a hotbed of drug addiction and prostitution. This area of ​​Manhattan was closed to visiting official delegations, and indeed to whites. There were multi-story brick buildings-boxes, as a rule, without windows and doors, where the poorest Negro families eked out an existence. The Americans said that if a white man accidentally wandered into Harlem, he never left. There in Harlem, climbing onto the balcony of an abandoned house, Khrushchev began to orate about the approaching decline of imperialism and the imminent onset of the era of communism. Simply put, he propagated the favorite idea of ​​his teacher Trotsky about the inevitability of the World Revolution. Not spoiled by the attention of politicians and various political shows, the stoned and drunk residents of the shelters joyfully applauded Khrushchev, who in response to this gave them the keys to two new Cadillac limousines. These were hand-built machines, each of which cost hundreds of thousands of dollars (in terms of current bucks, this is several million dollars each). In the United States, limousines of this model were considered a sign of the most vulgar luxury. The same Cadillac, for example, was driven by Elvis Presley. They were custom-made, encrusted with gold and diamonds. Since these cars were iconic, they had to be ordered at least a couple of years in advance. By order of Khrushchev, the USSR Embassy in the United States urgently purchased five such limousines for his arrival. Since there was no pre-order for them, the USSR overpaid the Cadillac company at least twice for each already fantastic cost of the car. Where did three more cars from this batch of Cadillacs go, history is silent. It should be noted that before that, on Khrushchev’s first business trip to the United States in 1959, another such Cadillac was bought for him, but at least he was taken to the USSR. In general, Khrushchev brought representative limousines for the collection from all his foreign business trips. And this at a time when the whole country was choking in lines for bread. There are no words - a feast during the plague. In a word, in everyday life Nikita Sergeevich behaved just like a “real communist” from a joke:
Anniversary in Georgia during the years of Stagnation. Toastmaster speaking:
- Wano! I will not propose a toast to your three personal cars - one ZIL and two Volgas! We all love to ride with the breeze!
- Wano! I will not propose a toast to your three apartments - in Tbilisi, Sochi and Moscow! We all love comfort!
- Wano! I will not propose a toast to the health of your wife and two mistresses! We all love women's caresses!
- Wano! I want to propose a toast to you being a real communist!...
Read the writings of Trotsky and find at least one point that Khrushchev would have missed in his anti-state activities.

[soloist2424]

It is doubtful that the leader, who was removed in 1964, could lay the foundations for the collapse of the Union. On the contrary, the system of that time showed its viability - a leader appeared who threatened the normal development of the country, he was immediately removed. Another question is that we cannot explain the reason for the collapse of the Union, so we grab onto different options: is it Khrushchev, or was the wrong agreement concluded when the state was created ... But the reason for the collapse is just as inexplicable as it is inexplicable why the Russian people suddenly in 1612 began to believe that Tsarevich Dmitry was alive and should certainly reign.

[Old electrician]

Thanks to Khrushchev, since 1956, the anti-Soviet propaganda myth about the total repression of the innocent from 1917 to 1953 began to be cultivated at the state level. The West enthusiastically accepted from the hands of Khrushchev this ideological weapon for the destruction of the USSR. In the USSR itself, Khrushchev gave rise to an ideologically cohesive fifth column, which is still being fed by Western intelligence services.
Khrushchev's report at the 1972th Congress of the CPSU essentially officially eliminated Bolshevism as an ideological movement. On the wave of anti-Stalinism, Khrushchev created a new type of party, consisting of ordinary communists who decided absolutely nothing, and the party nomenklatura, declared the highest, potentially infallible caste. Any investigative actions were prohibited against the nomenklatura. She was forgiven for any, including criminal offenses. Just one example. Back in XNUMX, the chairman of the KGB Andropov received information that the ambassador to Canada, a member of the Central Committee of the CPSU A.N. Yakovlev lives much beyond his means. It quickly became clear that Yakovlev's expenses exceeded not only his salary, but in general the entire amount allocated for the representative expenses of the embassy. However, as a member of the Central Committee, he was beyond jurisdiction, so everyone unanimously believed Yakovlev's explanation that these were all supposedly gifts. The question in honor of what such gifts are regularly made to the ambassador and member of the Central Committee, no one asked. As a result, the main ideologist of Perestroika at the state level vehemently propagated the most outrageous anti-Sovietism. Only one quote from Yakovlev:

I would not say that we lost the Cold War. Everyone won here, except for the Communist Bolsheviks... Victory in the Cold War is a common victory. This is a breakthrough to the civilized community of states, at least the ability to build it on a global scale.

- Trotsky would have subscribed to every letter of this statement.
Thanks to Khrushchev, the entire party elite was instantly reborn. This was facilitated by the fact that the path to the top of the party was open to those who in the 30s, for ideological reasons, would not even have been appointed brigadiers. Let's take the biographies of the foremen of Perestroika, who destroyed the USSR. All of them are like one nestling of Khrushchev's nest:
B.N. Yeltsin from a family of kulaks - before the revolution, 12 hectares of land, hired laborers, etc. His father thoroughly profited during the years of the NEP, but in the 30s he was dispossessed.
L.M. Kravchuk. His biography is extremely dark. Officially, he is from a family of peasants in the village of Veliky Zhitin, since 1939 - the Rivne region of Ukraine. However, in the 30s, his father served in the Polish cavalry - a very privileged branch of the army, where Ukrainian peasants were not taken from the word at all. Then, according to one version, Kravchuk's father worked for the osadnik, while it is not known by whom. It is quite possible that in his “mysterious” position, he flogged Ukrainian peasants in the territories occupied by Poland and took the last from them. According to another version (in my opinion, more plausible), Kravchuk's father himself was a siege. Osadniks are retired soldiers and officers of the Polish army who received land in the occupied territories of Ukraine and Belarus after the 1920 war. They pursued Pilsudski's colonial policy of "Polishing" western Ukraine and Belarus. Ukrosmi cite an interview with Kravchuk, in which he boasts that he never lived as well as under the Germans, and, as the defendant himself recalls, after the expulsion of the Germans, while still a schoolboy, he carried food to Bandera caches.
S.S. Shushkevich. Father - S.P. Shushkevich, a Belarusian nationalist, was convicted of counter-revolutionary propaganda in the 1930s and released in 1956. The details of the conviction and rehabilitation are carefully hidden.
In the 30s and 40s, people with a similar biography were subjected to defeat in political rights. The road to public office for them and their sons was booked. However, Khrushchev opened the way up for them and the USSR was gone.
Trotsky considered the Permanent Revolution as an instrument for the liquidation of the USSR. The Permanent Revolution is an endless maidan for the sake of maidan. It was assumed that on these Maidans the population would be artificially set on the foundations of the state from above. In 1928, Trotsky, in his work "Permanent Revolution" writes:

... The second aspect of the "Permanent" theory already characterizes the socialist revolution as such. Over an indefinite period of time and in constant internal struggle, all social relations are rebuilt. Society is constantly shedding. One stage of transformation follows directly from the other. This process, by necessity, retains a political character, i.e. unfolds through the collisions of different groups of the rebuilding society. Explosions of civil war and external wars alternate with periods of "peaceful" reforms. The revolutions of economy, technology, knowledge, family, everyday life, morals, unfold in complex interaction with each other, preventing society from achieving equilibrium. This is the permanent character of the socialist revolution as such ...

- here it is Perestroika in all its glory, predicted 60 years before it began. Pay attention to the fact that Trotsky himself in this quote takes "... periods of "peaceful" reforms ..." in quotation marks. The post-perestroika genocide of the population throughout the post-Soviet space is the ongoing period of “peaceful” reforms.

[Swarotwar Hort]

Destruction of consumer cooperatives, taxes on gardens and every tree, do you keep a pig? Turn over the meat, bristle and skin to the state and pay tax on the meat that you and your family ate (((- you could sell it in the market and get money.

[gsev]

Quote: Old electrician

And this at a time when the whole country was choking in lines for bread. There are no words - a feast during the plague.

It would be more correct to say; "And this is at a time when the country stopped starving and eating quinoa." Khrushchev, unlike Stalin, introduced some leveling in the country. Collective farmers began to receive small salaries and pensions, not sticks, and the right to work on a personal plot and the right not to go to the Gulag for not working hard days. Salaries and bonuses for MGB officers were cut, and engineers began to earn less. This can be considered not entirely great state wisdom, but it cannot be called a departure from the principles of socialism and communism. Stalin Mao also gave East Turkestan and the railway in Manchuria.

[Living7111972]

I don’t know much, but I won’t forgive the fleet! May you sleep in peace...

[Alexey RA]

Quote: sala7111972

I don’t know much, but I won’t forgive the fleet! May you sleep in peace...

And what exactly do you not forgive Khrushchev in the Navy? RKR pr. 58 or BOD pr. 61?

[Alexey RA]

Quote: Old electrician

- the Soviet army interferes with European civilization and the liquidation of the USSR - down with her to hell, all the majors in the pigs;

The Soviet army of the 50s interfered for the most part with the USSR itself. 5 million people are cut off from the economy, live off the budget, and most importantly, in which case they will not be able to do anything with the main potential enemy. Simply because the tank divisions on the bottom of the ocean in the United States will not pass. And the Yankees don't give a damn about Europe - this is their foreground.
What's the point of having shelves on the IL-28 with cast iron, if Europe is faster and more efficient glassing with the existing IRBMs? What's the point of building ships of the project of the late 30s, if in a real battle they won't even reach the enemy? What is the use of having a base on the high seas, even on the territory of a state friendly to us, if this base was recognized as unsuitable at the end of the XNUMXth century, and one SBC is required to destroy the fleet in it?

Although it must be admitted that the reduction in the army, necessary in principle, was carried out by the NSH according to the famous formula: wanted the best and it turned out - as always.

Quote: Old electrician

After a couple of days in New York, Khrushchev, in company with Fidel Castro, showed up in Harlem - a hotbed of drug addiction and prostitution.

You should at least check your sources. Not Khrushchev, in company with Castro, showed up in Harlem, but Khrushchev came to Castro, who had to settle in Harlem - in the Teresa Hotel on 125th Street.

[3danimal]

The problem with the Soviet economy was that it was shaped by ideology.
The ban on private production, the total State Planning Committee, etc.

[Lech from Android.]

Now Finland is completely imbued with the Russophobic infection ... and in this I consider both the fault of the Soviet government and the post-Soviet one.
After the death of Comrade Stalin, the general secretaries of the USSR began to make territorial gifts to our supposedly friends and partners ... for this it is necessary to prosecute, regardless of rank and title, and consider such acts as treason and betrayal of the Motherland.
Now our generation is disentangling everything that our previous unfortunate leaders have done.

[North Caucasus]

After the death of Comrade Stalin, the general secretaries of the USSR began to make territorial gifts to our supposedly friends and partners ... for this it is necessary to prosecute, regardless of rank and title, and consider such acts as treason and betrayal of the Motherland.

But I support this proposal 1000%! I am not a great connoisseur of history. But! Which of the European countries gave others their territories? England attracted pirates (the prototype of modern PMCs) to expand its zone of influence. Did Germany, France, Spain and Portugal have no colonies? Which of the Europeans gave away their zones of influence (occupation) for nothing like Gorbachev? During the development of the United States, the settlers stupidly exterminated the local population, and the remnants were driven into reservations! And Russia sold Alaska while still giving bribes to buy it! Don't you think it's just a white and fluffy fox?! I have a negative attitude towards the monarchy. But! Nicholas was the first to say the golden words that must be cast in granite and placed in front of the entrance to the Russian government. Where the Russian flag was raised, there it should not fall! Really golden words! History will not let you lie! After the passage of the Russian army in Paris and leaving from there, how did respect for Russia grow? And after the sale of Alaska, how did they respect us? And after the surrender of the USSR, what kind of respect was flooded? And when did Medvedev give half of the water area to the Norgs? Come on foreigners! Ukraine. How much land was cut off the outskirts? Where is the respect for Russia? What is there with Kazakhstan that has grown into the territory of Russia? And what about the Baltic states to which the USSR built a bunch of industries? Where is the gratitude for the technological breakthrough? Which of the industries is operating in the Baltics today (I don’t hear anything)? Like it or not, Russia was very lucky with Stalin and very unlucky when the pygmies replaced him.

[soloist2424]

Everything happened in history. Under the influence of circumstances, whatever they did, entire states disappeared from the map, and not only that the territory was ceded. England was forced to grant independence to America, India, the Egyptians were able to take the Suez Canal... So Russia is no exception. Yes, Poland and Finland had to be released at one time, but the circumstances were exceptional. With Alaska, I think they specifically missed it. But there are many questions for the Romanovs in general.

[yuriy55]

Quote: North Caucasus

What is there with Kazakhstan that has grown into the territory of Russia?

What about Kazakhstan, which received statehood from Russia?

The Russian Empire launched an offensive against the Kazakh steppe in the 1917th century, and by the end of the XNUMXth century, Russia included the main part of the Great Steppe, as well as all of Western Turkestan. After the October Revolution of XNUMX and the subsequent civil war, the territory was reorganized several times.

It's time to collect Russian lands...

[Sugar Honeyovich]

How should it have been? Rip off all reparations to the penny?

[3danimal]

The Finns remember 1939, when the song "Take us Suomi-beauty" was popular, and Comrade. Kuusinen led (albeit briefly) the People's Republic of Finland.
They passed on the memory through generations and, having seen the tendencies towards revenge and repetition of the past, they decided to protect themselves (the Balts had fussed 20 years earlier).

[Luminman]

It seems to me that the amount of reparations of 230 million dollars is some kind of incredible gesture of generosity! For only one blockade of Leningrad, they need to pay reparations for several centuries in a row! It would be nice now, in connection with the entry of the Finns into NATO and participation in anti-Russian sanctions, to demand solid reparations from them, as the Poles do in relation to Germany ...

[Uncle lee]

Quote: Luminman

for one blockade of Leningrad

Mannerheim's board was created from grateful Leningraders!

[man]

Mannerheim's board was created from grateful Leningraders!
And whose idea was it, do you know?
Society should know its scum.

[yuriy55]

Quote: mann

Mannerheim's board was created from grateful Leningraders!
And whose idea was it, do you know?
Society should know its scum.

Who the hell knows. Ivanov and Medinsky were noted at the opening.
The board was removed:

[man]

Ivanov was noted at the opening
Who was at the opening I have already found.
The most worthy person in Putin's entourage...
Eh, Sergei Borisovich, you always substitute ...
Rather, they set you up

[d4rkmesa]

At that time, not so little - it's like the current $ 3 billion. Of course, the billions are not the same for a long time, but nevertheless.

[Pilat2009]

Quote: Luminman

of

Quote: Luminman

It seems to me that the amount of reparations of 230 million dollars is some kind of incredible gesture of generosity! For only one blockade of Leningrad, they need to pay reparations for several centuries in a row! It would be nice now, in connection with the entry of the Finns into NATO and participation in anti-Russian sanctions, to demand solid reparations from them, as the Poles do in relation to Germany ...

You see, the only way to have a loyal Finland nearby was a carrot, otherwise it would simply go to NATO

[Luminman]

Quote: Pilat2009

You see, the only way to have a loyal Finland nearby was a carrot, otherwise it would simply go to NATO

Finland was loyal only because there were Soviet troops on its eastern border. And the USSR had nuclear weapons. And he also had a considerable influence in the world. So the gingerbread has nothing to do with it ...

[Lech from Android.]

Quote: Uncle Lee

Quote: Luminman

for one blockade of Leningrad

Mannerheim's board was created from grateful Leningraders!

Just the Leningraders were categorically against this (the board was splashed with paint a little, now it has been removed somewhere to the museum) ... this was done at the suggestion of such comrades as Medinsky and Sergeyev ... we will speak frankly.
The Finns, as always, have now thanked us with sanctions and the destruction of their neutrality ... by joining the NATO military organization hostile to us.

[fa2998]

Quote: Lech from Android.

The Finns, as always, have now thanked us with sanctions and the destruction of their neutrality ... by joining the NATO military organization hostile to us.

Just don't talk about the "well-behaved" Finns. This country had excellent relations with the USSR during the Cold War and with Russia. Not in an empty place, the Finns changed their position. They did not like the war (you can call it differently) against Ukraine. They have bitter experience, it is also part of the unified Russian Empire , and they also wanted to return it in 1939 to the sphere of influence of Moscow. Now they want to "hide" behind NATO.

[zenion]

fa2998. So the Finns were doing well with the USSR. Now there is no USSR, and they are not familiar with this country.

[fa2998]

Modern Russia is already 30 years old. The Finns lived normally - forest, paper, booze in St. Petersburg, etc. Only now, after 23.02.22, the Finns "hurried" into NATO

[Aviator_]

board covered with paint

This was done by the St. Petersburg Limonovites, and soon after that the NBP was banned.

[Uncle lee]

Quote: Lech from Android.

Leningraders were categorically against

Of course, against it, the Finns shelled Leningrad, they didn’t install the board for this!

[guest]

Quote: Lech from Android.

this was done at the suggestion of comrades like Medinsky

Yes, this organizer of "goodwill gestures" had already distinguished himself then.

[north 2]

So after all, both Khrushchev and Brezhnev, fatly wallowing on the laurels of the Victory of the Soviet people and Stalin, immediately forgot how the USSR drove a knife into the back of the Great Patriotic War, the Finns, Czechs, Romanians ... They forgot about the Bandera and the forest brothers, as they already shot on July 22, 1941 back to the Red Army and massacred their families. Khrushchev released them all from the camps. And you wanted these, lying on the laurels of Victory, to remind foreign Finns how they served Hitler, if they forgot how the Balts, Bandera and Vlasovites served Hitler. How many films in the USSR were created about the atrocities of the Finns, forest brothers, Bandera or Vlasov? Zero whole points and zero tenths

[Lech from Android.]

There is a whole collection of facts about their atrocities with photographs about the crimes of the Finnish military ... ranging from skin being completely torn off a person to other terrible details ... there were natural sadists.
For lovers of Mannerheim, it would be nice to demonstrate all this at VO.

[Old electrician]

I will not talk about the Finnish abuse of prisoners of war. Who can be surprised now by how fighters for human rights cynically spit on all international humanitarian conventions? Why should they worry about such nonsense like conventions, if anti-Sovietism and Russophobia are a guaranteed indulgence from any crimes. I will note only one fun in the territories occupied by the Finns. To instill in the locals a love for European civilizers, they were executed by hammering rifle cartridges into their ears. Moreover, it was not the commies who were executed, but those who could not or did not guess to escape. Therefore, the weak old people were the first to be executed - apparently for the Finns this was the main threat to European civilization.

[Edward Vashchenko]

All the problems of the Russian Federation is that capital came to power in 1991, with the support of the masses, who dreamed of living in Europe and the Americas.
What does Khrushchev, Brezhnev and others have to do with it, on which the inept rulers of the Russian Federation are trying to shift all their problems. Still, the Novgorodians would be remembered, who conceded tribute from the Finnish tribes to the Swedes.
This is reminiscent of the accusations of the "damned Bolsheviks" that they did not build wide enough roads in Moscow in the 80s, so traffic jams arose in the XNUMXs.
The USSR needed Finland as a channel between the Soviet bloc and the West, which suited Finland very well. Therefore, in relation to her, they acted either with a whip or with a carrot.
Finland under the USSR could not even hint at NATO, but today it boldly goes there and the Russian leadership has no leverage on it, from the word at all.
Khrushche such and such gave the "base" behind the backyards of the Marquis puddles, and who left Kamran and Lourdes? Also Khrushchev.
Compare the pace of development of the country, the share of the USSR GDP in world GDP, achievements in the field of new technologies, the development of scientific and technical developments under Khrushchev and now?

[Kote Pan Kokhanka]

Good morning!

. What does Khrushchev, Brezhnev and others have to do with it ....

I agree with Edward. There is a saying "It is a sin to blame trouble from a sick head on a healthy one."
Let's be honest, there were times (for example, the Crimean War) when the Finns honestly fought for the Russian Empire.
Gestures of goodwill not yesterday, not today at the state level, no one will ever appreciate, and never did. Another saying comes to mind: “Good is possible only with fists, better with a big club”!

[man]

Compare the pace of the country's development, the share of the USSR's GDP in world GDP, the achievements in the field of the latest technologies, the development of scientific and technical developments under Khrushchev and now?
This is all Stalin's backlog, under him they built for centuries ... Khrushchev's "merit" was only in raising prices, under Stalin they only reduced ...
The trouble with the USSR was that the Chief had to be a genius

[Edward Vashchenko]

The trouble with the USSR was that the Chief had to be a genius

The trouble is that you have to look "where you lost it", and not there "where it's light", as in that joke.
Stalin and even Khrushchev created, and did not engage in casuistry and scholasticism in useless historical searches.
For thirty years, and even for twenty years, all the mistakes of Lenin and Khrushchev could be "corrected", and not whine:
no one "loves, cherishes" us, there are only phobes around.
During this period of time, the PRC took 5% from 6-20% of the share of GDP, i.e. the place of the USSR in the world division of labor, and the Russian Federation has slid to 1,7%.
But it's all Khrushchev's fault

[man]

But in all Khrushchev is to blame
Suppose I didn’t say this and I don’t think so, but this idiot caused colossal damage to the USSR, I won’t list his “merits”.
During this period of time, the PRC took 5% from 6-20% of the share of GDP, i.e. the place of the USSR in the world division of labor, and the Russian Federation has slid to 1,7%.
And all because the ingenious Deng Xiaoping was actually the head of China at that time, and we have this insignificance Gorbachev.
And the point is not only that he raised the economy of China. I will say a terrible thing, his great merit is that he decided to crush the screamers on Tiananmen with tanks. Having great authority in the country and the world, at the end of lifeI can imagine how hard this decision was for him! But he realized what terrible consequences these unrest could lead to in China, he was not afraid of blood, or the loss of his authority, or the predictable reaction of the West!
It seems to me that Marxists underestimated the role of the individual in history ...

[Edward Vashchenko]

It seems to me that Marxists underestimated the role of the individual in history ...

Good point, I'm afraid to ask, who is there on the other flank of the Marxists, who took into account and evaluated everything?
Kidding)

[Chief Officer Lom]

It's just that Marxists, or their variety - Trotskyists, not wanting to injure "human material", did not specify that the role of the individual in history is insignificant in an overly global slice of history measured in centuries and millennia. Well, just think that a coward and a traitor surrendered an advanced country, and a military or political genius saved the country of colonialists and bloodsuckers from collapse. Even if the role of the individual leads to the physical destruction of an entire nation, in 100-500 years, one political and economic system will still be replaced by another (which one, in fact, they themselves don’t know, the label will be renamed in time later). Focusing on such an idea of ​​politics is the same as when building a house, instead of a geologist, invite a specialist in the movement of continental plates and paleocontinents.

[gsev]

Quote: mann

And all because the ingenious Deng Xiaoping was actually the head of China at that time, and we have this insignificance Gorbachev.

In fact, the PRC developed at least as rapidly during the Cultural Revolution as it did during the Deng reforms. The political basis of the leap under Deng Xiaoping is the permission for the communes to divide the land by families and the right for the peasants to ignore the CCP's instructions in the field of farming if these instructions are considered stupid, but this became possible only because during the Cultural Revolution in the PRC, the production of minitractors increased by 20-30 times . China, with a large number of tractors, was able to switch to farming and feed itself. Russia cannot afford to have a farmer's agricultural structure, such as in Finland.

[frog]

The trouble with the USSR was that the Chief had to be a genius

Yes, there are problems with this, you know .... Geniuses are a commodity, not only piece, but also unpredictable.
Wouldn't it have been easier to build a normal personnel selection system in so many years? But somehow the faithful Leninists did not bother with this. At the same time, it is pointless to commemorate famous characters, otherwise we make superheroes out of them, and they were ...... cheap mediocrities. But all the others, in "democratic centralism" where did they look? "Devoted", "loyal" and "consistent"???? I'm sorry, but this is a goat system, where everything depends on one, let it be on the biggest stool. And if it does not depend - so maybe something is wrong in the Philharmonic?

[Pilat2009]

Quote: mann

Compare the pace of the country's development, the share of the USSR's GDP in world GDP, the achievements in the field of the latest technologies, the development of scientific and technical developments under Khrushchev and now?
This is all Stalin's backlog, under him they built for centuries ... Khrushchev's "merit" was only in raising prices, under Stalin they only reduced ...
The trouble with the USSR was that the Chief had to be a genius

And now whose merit is in raising prices and housing and communal services?

[man]

And now whose merit is in raising prices and housing and communal services?
This is an important state secret!

[ee2100]

The relations of the USSR (RF) with Finland, as the closest neighbor, are complex and multifaceted. And reparations are only a small part of the complex mosaic of relationships.
Many see the similarity between the war of 1940 and today. Which is actually true. And Finland, like Ukraine, was pumped up with weapons and their anti-Soviet (anti-Russian) sentiments in society were supported.
But in Finland, back in the course of WW2, there was an awareness of the hopelessness of conducting hostilities. Having signed a peace treaty with the USSR, Finland withdrew from the war and pledged to conduct military operations against Germany.
Having lost about 10% of the territory and 85 thousand killed, the Finns had to "digest" all this.
They judged part of the government of R. Ryti, V. Tanner and others.
Having pragmatically decided that it is better to do joint business with the USSR than to be at enmity and "sulk". And "shoved" their grievances in a distant box.
Under President Kekkonin, the Finnish economy "pearl" up.
Now the inertial component of the constructed political process is over.
As a member of the EU, Finland cannot do otherwise in this situation, and the opinion of ordinary Finns is of little interest to the government.

[Luminman]

Quote: ee2100

As a member of the EU, Finland cannot do otherwise in this situation,

The thing is that Finland is not just stupidly following the instructions of officials from the EU, but is still trying to run ahead of the locomotive, as Poland or the Baltic states do ...

[ee2100]

Read the biography of the Finnish prime minister, and everything will become clear.

[certero]

The title of the article promised a long thoughtful story about all the nuances, but in reality, a piece there, a piece here.

[ivan2022]

Quote: Edward Vashchenko

All the problems of the Russian Federation is that capital came to power in 1991, with the support of the masses, who dreamed of living in Europe and the Americas.
What does Khrushchev, Brezhnev and others have to do with it, on which the inept rulers of the Russian Federation are trying to shift all their problems.

And why did you decide that the current leaders are relying on criticism of Khrushchev in propaganda? Where does it come from?
It was Khrushchev and Zhukov who defeated the CPSU as a political force at the 20-22nd congresses. Khrushchev, in fact, raised the Gorbachevs and Yeltsins.

And at the root, of course ..... at the root of the tragedy of the people - - its own slavish consciousness of the descendants of serfs, who even in the 21st century elect presidents in the same way, for life, as they elected Mikhail Romanov in the 17th century. We have the main political slogan: "And for whom else?"

It is a fact that we live in any century as in the 17th century, and under any (!) Laws we live as under the Monarchy.

[man]

And at the root, of course ..... at the root of the tragedy of the people - - its own slavish consciousness of the descendants of serfs, who even in the 21st century elect presidents in the same way, for life, as they elected Mikhail Romanov in the 17th century. We have the main political slogan: "And for whom else?"
In fairness, this does not always happen. When people vote "incorrectly", fraud is committed. A vivid example is the election of Yeltsin in 96.
As for the post-Yeltsin elections, after the horrors of the 90s, this is quite understandable.
I’ll tell you more. I’m tormented by a gloomy foreboding that after Putin’s departure, such cannibals will come to power that we will simply remember Vladimir Vladimirovich with tenderness. You will still remember this government! ”And now I remember and blush for my behavior then. Forgive me, Nikolai Ivanovich ...

[frog]

In fairness, this does not always happen. When people vote "incorrectly", fraud is committed. A vivid example is the election of Yeltsin in 96.

Well, that story was epic, no doubt. But .... When one in our city won the election .... the character was immediately "closed". And G-d be with him, resolutely spit on him, Small Pimple, but .... The majority actually voted for him. So, offhand, about 150 thousand .... When it was closed, despite the so-called immunity, about 300 people came forward to defend this bastard. And the rest? The authorities spit in their faces with relish, piled on their choice. AND? Every tenth of those who voted, having come to a completely peaceful meeting, would have formed a crowd of fifteen thousand people on the square near the local Kremlin. Damn her bald man then someone would take to disperse .... But they spat in the face, and they wiped themselves off.
In general, for a large part of the population, the principle is simple...
Given the history of the country, such a reaction is quite natural. How many different kinds of ....sociological experiments have we had? And what's left of them? So they wanted sausages and jeans))) More precisely, work like in the USSR, but consume like in the "wild West". Alas, mathematics does not allow. This is not the only reason, of course, there is a whole bunch of big ones. But this one too.
As for Nikolai Ivanovich, then .... By the way, immediately, without the slightest desire to "denigrate a prominent Soviet figure" and "kick the shameful commies" ... I'm only interested in "going" to "checkers" - deep purple. Did Comrade Ryzhkov himself understand what was happening in the country and where did he get into? Didn't he support the cooperatives, which quickly became pure pumps? Etc. etc. And now all that remains is to remember .... well, and sometimes visit the wreckage of a great empire. Empires are the opposite.

[man]

But in 1956, on the initiative of the peace-loving N. S. Khrushchev, the naval base in Porkkala Udd was transferred to Finland.
not peaceful, but stupid. A rare combination of cretinism and intrigue ...

[Bulgarian_5]

He’s a Ukrainian traitor, then Krim also cherished .....

[IVZ]

Different mentalities of Russian and Soviet people and "Westerners". Different concepts of friendship. Someone is everything for friends, but someone just uses it. True, in the light of international relations, in the first place should be the competence and foresight of a politician - he is responsible for too much, and not his human qualities determined by mentality.

[deddem]

Quote: Kote Pan Kokhanka

Good morning!

. What does Khrushchev, Brezhnev and others have to do with it ....

I agree with Edward. There is a saying "It is a sin to blame trouble from a sick head on a healthy one."
Let's be honest, there were times (for example, the Crimean War) when the Finns honestly fought for the Russian Empire.

The funny thing is that no one has done more for the growth of Finnish nationalism than Nicky #2, by banning Finnish shooters, which the Finnish society accepted as an accusation of unreliability (although they fought wherever they were sent, and in Poland too), and it really became unreliable .
And in everything, as usual, financiers-economists turned out to be: they presented the gopher with a report on the losses to the imperial budget from the "special status" of Finland, and he is happy to give the go-ahead for "optimization".

[frog]

Actually it's even easier. IMHO, of course))
It’s just that all these ..... subjects .... no one tried, sorry, to incorporate into the socio-cultural organism of the empire, and even into the economic one. And the ruble is very conducive to relationships. They just bought the loyalty of the top in a variety of ways and that's it. the result is obvious. And then the communists, who overthrew the "rotten regime", overthrew the "rotten monarchy", did the same. The result was the same.

[Artashes]

In 1956, 1968, 1980, the USSR pursued a well-balanced policy towards Finland and Sweden - as they did towards the USSR - therefore they did NOT impose sanctions for the entry of troops into Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Afghanistan. The Swedes (G. Yarring on behalf of the UN) successfully - for more than one year - mediated to prevent a war between the USSR and the USA in Bl. East Economic. relations with THEM were consistently at a high level (Iceland and Danish autonomies joined this policy). Even together they helped the DRV against the aggression of the Americans, economic. helped Cuba. There were other examples of joint. actions abroad. And since the 90s, Moscow has "eliminated" this backlog, with obvious consequences ..
I SUPPORT MANY, INCLUDING THE "OLD ELECTRICIAN"!

[ivan2022]

Quote: Old electrician

No need to beat around the bush. Without exception, all Khrushchev's reforms have a clear ideological justification. Khrushchev is a Trotskyist. This is not an insult, but a statement of fact.

Facts need to be proven, but you just have a car of nonsense, in which everything is piled up and Trotsky and New York harlem and Khrushchev's wife and what the hell else. ........

By the way, Trotsky was an aggressive politician and commander-in-chief of the Red Army. Trotsky defended the integrity and independence of the RSFSR. He had services to the country, and Khrushch was simply a traitor, inferior to the West in everything only with outwardly aggressive statements. Reminds no one?

I noticed a long time ago that electricians are dangerous philosophers .... This is really an everyday fact that any mechanic of any car service can confirm.

[Luminman]

Trotsky defended the integrity and independence of the RSFSR

Trotsky defended the power of the Bolsheviks in Russia. For everything else, he had, sorry, us ... army

[ivan2022]

Quote: mann

And at the root, of course ..... at the root of the tragedy of the people - - its own slavish consciousness of the descendants of serfs, who even in the 21st century elect presidents in the same way, for life, as they elected Mikhail Romanov in the 17th century. We have the main political slogan: "And for whom else?"
In fairness, this does not always happen. When people vote "incorrectly", fraud is committed. A vivid example is Yeltsin's election in 96 ...

This happens in any country. But not every country gets away with it. And not in any country "the people are silent."

It is no coincidence that Russia - the richest country in the World - in the international ranking of the standard of living takes place next to Colombia, after number 65. That's how to crap one's pants - ruining the USSR in 1991 for the sake of such an outcome - not every nation will be able to!

[Ranis]

In 2002, the electronic intelligence center in Cuba was closed.

[former soldier]

Quote: Old electrician

Khrushchev is a Trotskyist. .... In the 20s, Nikita was a member of the Trotskyist cell, but then he changed his color in time, although his commitment to the ideas of Trotsky did not go away.
..... the former territories of the USSR must be civilized according to the European model.

1. It is unlikely that Khrushchev was a Trotskyist because he did not have strong convictions at all.
2. A semi-literate opportunist and power-hungry voluntarist who had a vague idea about the theory of Marxism.
3. In order to civilize the USSR according to the European model, one had to know this model. Where?

[k0stakirsan]

Karelian-Finns are like Ossetian-Georgians (for the information of the author).

[t200404]

As far as I remember, there is a figure of the KFSSR in the VDNKh fountain

[gorg1981]

Oh, this is the word "demilitarization", beloved by many. Now we have demilitalized the Finns. Wangyu that the next articles of the author will be the demilitarization by the forces of the USSR - the Baltic states, Poland, Romania and Czechoslovakia, before the Second World War, due to which significant territories were annexed. At the expense of primordially Russian lands, you do not need to write. Since with this approach, you will have to distribute half of the country to the original owners and restore a bunch of long-vanished empires.

[zenion]

It is not clear what this Russia has to do with the fact that she was not just alone. And the country of the USSR pulled everything into the house. The current country sells and drags everything from home, like a drunk or a drug addict.

[DeGreen]

My grandfather served there. Transferred after the war. I remember well how I told how many equipment was left there for the Finns, weapons depots of fuel and lubricants and provisions. Yes, a dozen different courts. I'm talking about Porkkala Udd. They just completed the construction of new barracks, headquarters and other premises.

[zenion]

In Finland, there were citizens of 15 republics of the USSR in the Red Army. In an instant, Russia forgot about this and, like a fly, screamed on the horn of an ox - we plowed.

[place]

Quote: Luminman

Trotsky defended the integrity and independence of the RSFSR

Trotsky defended the power of the Bolsheviks in Russia. For everything else, he had, sorry, us ... army

In the fight against whom? Against your Denikin? Buried in 1947 in the USA with honors. As commander in chief of the US allied army. You are in favor of NATO patrols standing at the crossroads of Russian cities. I understood well....

If it is considered normal to know the innermost thoughts of even Trotsky, then I can write about you that you have us .... an army for everything. Why not ?

[Alexander Tkachenko]

Do no good to the enemy, and there will be nothing to regret.
Well, if you impose reparations "seriously", then the Finns would not even know about the high welfare. Until now, they would have paid for the blockade of St. Petersburg!

[Yellow bubble]

All of Finland is Karelia and Suomi itself is a small region in the north, in Finland there are almost no Karelians 30 thousand and all and not all Finns understand the Krel language, the bulk of the Karelians live in Russia, especially in the Moscow region Finns and Karelia are relatives like a donkey and a horse .