Fantastic weapons in Soviet science fiction of the early-mid-twentieth century

123

A still from the film "The Hyperboloid of Engineer Garin" (1965). Murder scene at Ville-Davre


Now the whole plant was visible, stretching for many kilometers. Half of its buildings were on fire like cardboard houses. Below, near the city itself, gray-yellow smoke rose like a mushroom. The beam of the hyperboloid danced wildly in the midst of this destruction, groping for the most important thing - warehouses of explosive semi-finished products. The glow spread over half the sky. Clouds of smoke, yellow, brown, silver-white sheaves of sparks rose above the mountains.
"Hyperboloid engineer Garin" Alexei Tolstoy

stories about weapons. The first Soviet novel, in which a truly fantastic weapon operated, was ... well, of course - the famous "Hyperboloid of Engineer Garin" by Alexei Tolstoy. This was not his first novel in the USSR and not the first combat fantasy in the USSR in general. In 1924, Marietta Shaginyan's novel "Mess-Mend" was published, which shows the struggle of fascism with Soviet Russia, the latter is supported by American workers. But there was nothing special. And then immediately the struggle for power over the world and the all-destroying weapon - a hyperboloid. By the way, this novel had as many as six versions: the first in 1925 (magazine), the second also appeared in magazines in 1927 (the ending was changed), the third - in 1934 (lengths were shortened), 1936 - a children's version, "adult scenes" were removed , the 1937 version and the 1939 version, which everyone today mostly reads. Interestingly, in the first versions, Garin sent airships to Siberia for the mined Manz radium, and the beam of the hyperboloid was called infrared. On the basis of radium, Garin dreamed of creating a hydrogen engine of 100 horsepower the size of a cigarette box and a weapon, next to which the hyperboloid would seem like a child's toy. He considered all this in the novel superfluous, leading away from the main thing. But in the novel, another superweapon appeared: a beam revolver (a pocket hyperboloid).



“The secretary, the most elegant man in the United States, lay prone, clutching the carpet with stiff fingers: he died instantly, without a cry. Garin, biting his trembling lips, slowly stuffed a beam revolver into his jacket pocket.
"Hyperboloid engineer Garin"

Fantastic weapons in Soviet science fiction of the early-mid-twentieth century
The finished hyperboloid device. Take and do...

So all ray pistols, shotguns, bazookas, ray-throwers and blasters spewing a visible incinerating ray are all children of Tolstoy's hyperboloid. The heat ray throwers come from Wells' novel. And, given that there are more in the literature, it should be noted that it is our Soviet author (the “red count”, as many called him in the 30s) who will receive the laurels of the creator of the most massive and popular beam weapon.


And what types are shown in the 1965 film? Every face is a cliche, but what a quality

In 1965, the novel was made into a simply wonderful film. In the 70s they tried to shoot a new film, in four episodes, but it would be better if they didn’t do this, this craft looks so miserable compared to the masterful work of 1965 ...


For example, I really like Zoya Monrose in this film. This is exactly how it should have been! By the way, her job at Rolling is a typical performance of the duties of a public relations specialist. For the first time in Russia, this was described!

Just as global and, perhaps, even more fantastic was Alexander Belyaev's novel "Struggle on the Air", first published in 1927. One of the few novels that describes the war of the future between the US and the USSR, as well as the future itself, in which people eat pills and are deprived of their hair, and wars are fought with destroyer beam weapons. In general, here you have Wells with his Morlocks and Eloi, and the “death rays”, which many were fond of at that time, in a word, there is a lot of everything.


A. Belyaev. Broadcast fight. Cover of the 1928 edition

In 1991, 65 science fiction ideas were counted in the novel by A. Belyaev, and so 36 have been fully or partially realized by this time! This is a very high figure for a single piece. On top of everything else, this is also a novel about getting into the future. True, he gets there in delirium ...


American imperialists in an illustration by V. Aleksandrovsky for a 1928 edition. However, all other heroes are no better.

Another beam generator appeared in the USSR in 1939 in the novel Miracle Generator by writer Yuri Dolgushin. In it, however, it was not about burning rays, but about biotic, controlling life processes in the body, with the help of which it was even possible to resurrect the dead. Well, in the capitalist West, respectively, "Gross generators" were put on planes to kill with "death rays."

Already in 1936, Alexander Kazantsev made his debut in Soviet science fiction, eventually becoming its true master. Kazantsev was able to very accurately perceive all the trends of his time, all the aesthetic and ideological attitudes of the era, so his novels perfectly corresponded to the “party line” and therefore were printed in huge editions. Having created many interesting and original books, he had, however, a strange manner of rewriting his novels, modernizing them in accordance with the changes taking place in society. So, having created the wonderful story “Grandchildren of Mars” (“Planet of Storms”), in one of the later editions he transferred its action to ... the distant future, to another star system, and in addition to astronauts from the Union of Communist Republics, a robot and Kern from ... The Socialist States of America, whose coat of arms is a crossed hammer and an ear of corn.

So, the novel “Northern Mall”, which appeared in 1952, in 1956 he reworks into the novel “Polar Dream”, in 1964 - into the novel “The Ice Returns”, and in 1970 - into the novel “Underwater Sun”.

But especially went to his first novel "The Burning Island", which appeared in 1941. This novel changed literally from year to year, from edition to edition. For example, a 1941 novel describes hunting with homing bullets that find game on their own. And how can you not remember the movie saga "The Fifth Element" and his Zorg ZF-1, right?! But in subsequent versions of the novel, arrows fired from a bow are already homing!


Here it was what a hunt was with a bow and homing arrows. Burning Island novel, 1966 edition.

“The arrow overtook the predator, and he fell between the stones ... and the sea wave recoiled from his twisted hand in disgust, having managed to lick the box with the heaviest metal in the world.”
"Flaming Island", 1966 edition

Therefore, it is not surprising that in the novel there are also land-based super cruisers on tracks characteristic of science fiction of the 30s, majestically tilting on the hills, and ... atomic bombs, steam-powered aircraft, radio-controlled jet fighters, and "air torpedoes" with a network stretched between them . Two things, however, remained unchanged - electromagnetic superguns capable of throwing projectiles from continent to continent, and the original root cause of all the unrest and misfortune in the novel - the violet gas of the island of Arenida, which is the catalyst for the combustion of nitrogen in oxygen. The "Fire Cloud" is trying to create a certain Irish revolutionary in the novel and use it to burn England. But the discovery falls into the hands of the enemy of the world, Welt, and only Soviet electromagnetic guns, shooting at the island of Arenida in the Pacific Ocean, save the whole world from suffocation. More like a weapon, by the way, is nowhere to be found!


The land cruiser from the novel Burning Island

As for predictions, then ... remotely controlled UAVs, including those operating in tandem with fighters, appear today right before our eyes, but so far they have not dominated manned vehicles in the air. Well, as for tracked supertanks, then ... in the cinema they occupied their niche and eventually turned into mobile cities devouring each other. They also met in the novels of foreign authors, in particular, the story of Robert Hanlein "If This Continues" (1940), where each of tanks, storming the palace of the Prophet, has a proper name and is just such a huge monster.

Again, in our USSR (although there are a lot of such weapons in the works of foreign authors), advanced “novelties” in the field of atomic weapons also appeared.

“Women sometimes come to our distant training ground, where neutron bombs and gamma chandeliers explode silently and invisibly. Once a year for two weeks. I think they are all puppets. Otherwise, why then do men drink so bitterly and stupidly alone?
"Return love" 1966 Mikhail Emtsev, Eremey Parnov

I personally really like the night attack on a US base somewhere in Asia described in this work. Here you have bullets with a white belt that turn a person into dust, and napalm, and a molecular disintegrator, from which, for some reason, ultrasonic borroins were stolen (what it is, the text does not specify!) ...

And this is very well written:

“These physicists themselves do not know what they are doing. They came up with the atomic bomb, then the hydrogen bomb, then the "Bess" ... Probably, their conscience is very worried about them. That's why they roam at night. And how did he get the strength? After all, a dying person… I’m not a physicist, I didn’t invent all these horrors, but I also probably won’t be able to fall asleep peacefully after what I saw in the tank.”


Illustration for the story "The Clay God" from the anthology "World of Adventures" for 1963

And, of course, in the enumeration of all those who invented fantastic weapons in their sci-fi works, one cannot fail to name Anatoly Dneprov (Anatoly Petrovich Mitskevich). He had a number of sf works that castigated capitalism in all its manifestations, but the story "The Clay God" (1963) is especially strong. It describes an attempt by former Nazis to create the perfect soldier. They manage to replace carbon with silicon in the human body. A person thus converted is invulnerable to bullets, withstands high temperatures, but is unable to speak, thinks with great difficulty, and can only drink water with alkali. Unreliable employees of the institute are also turned into organosilicon people so that they do not spill the beans. But the main character manages to replace alkali with water in the water supply, which is used by the "converted", and organosilicon people die, turning into motionless statues. Their creator also perishes. To him, the protagonist replaced the water with a harmful elixir that causes the replacement of carbon with silicon, and he very soon turned into a piece of clay - the "clay god". Unfortunately, the writer drank himself, interfered with alcohol with tranquilizers and died "of the heart."

A very unusual weapon, again, only our author was able to come up with this, was a talking (!) Fish with a mine on its head, named Mac, with which it was possible to communicate at the level of a trained dog.

"I'm Mac! I find and reach. Commander explodes!

repeated poor Mac, not understanding how he would eventually have to pay for this.

First, the story "The Blue Whale Submarine" by Alexander Mirer was published in 1968 in Pionerskaya Pravda, then it was published as a separate edition.


"Pionerskaya Pravda" with "Submarine ..." was read to the holes

Interestingly, in 1967, Robert Merle's novel The Rational Animal was published in France, where intelligent dolphins who have learned to speak become weapons. It is unlikely that Mirer could get acquainted with the French edition in such a short time, and in Russian it was released only in 1969. Most likely, the idea of ​​using marine animals as weapons was just in the air at that time ... Based on Merle's novel, the film "Day of the Dolphin" was shot in 1973, but it is much weaker than the original book.

Well, in general ... in general, our science fiction writers are great. What only in the field of weapons could not come up with. All sorts of ups and downs and adventures are not only no worse than those of Western authors, but in some cases they were more original, and, which is especially important in science fiction literature, more scientific...

To be continued ...
Our news channels

Subscribe and stay up to date with the latest news and the most important events of the day.

123 comments
Information
Dear reader, to leave comments on the publication, you must sign in.
  1. +37
    27 August 2022 03: 40
    With all due respect, but, in my opinion, the author undeservedly passed over in silence the Soviet submarine "Pioneer" from the science fiction novel "The Secret of Two Oceans", armed with an ultrasonic emitter, leading to the "destruction of the molecular bonds of matter."



    When I was a primary school student, I watched a well-produced film of the same name with my mouth open.
    1. +19
      27 August 2022 04: 54
      "The Secret of Two Oceans" by G. Adamov is much more interesting than "Island" by Kazantsev both from the point of view of literature and fantastic descriptions of weapons. And a magnificent description of the ocean itself and its inhabitants! Therefore, the book was reprinted more than 20 times against 11 times "Islands"
      1. +5
        27 August 2022 08: 15
        And, now, unfortunately, they won’t write this, because people have forgotten how to dream and fantasize! hi By the way, back in the early 90s, I don’t remember in which newspaper, I read an article by a certain "expert" who claimed that in all world fiction, without exception, the real inventions of some secret underground "think tank" are described, where the supergeniuses of the planet created everything for the next 1000 years , which is written in science fiction, up to the anti-gravity engine. lol hi
        1. +6
          27 August 2022 08: 30
          And, now, unfortunately, they won’t write this, because people have forgotten how to dream and fantasize

          There are a lot of modern science fiction writers. Have you been reading lately?
          At least there are several series of domestic publications specializing in science fiction. One of them "Fantastic action movie" has been around for 30 years! Over 2000 books published! There is not a little new there, and the number of new products is no less. I even counted in my mind over a dozen Authors with various innovations in weapons and military technologies !!!
          1. +4
            27 August 2022 09: 49
            There is a very cool cycle of books by Ian M. Banks "Culture" As well as "Expansion" by Corey James (the pseudonym of Daniel Abraham and Ty Frank, they even made a good TV series based on it) or "The Xili Sequence" by Stephen Baxter. Now they are writing very good author's cycles, it's just that the emphasis has shifted more to star empires and political intrigues, as in science fiction of the 60s. And about the future of the earth, they mostly write either in the cyberpunk or post-apocalyptic genre, sometimes a couple of dystopias come out once a year. Space somehow captures people more than our own homeland, but maybe it is logical.
          2. 0
            28 August 2022 13: 45
            Alas, but for the most part, the term "wording", coined by F. Leiber, is quite suitable. Pop, in short, a set of stamps.
        2. +1
          28 August 2022 14: 54
          Quote: Thrifty
          inventions of some secret underground "think tank"

          Such "experts" generally have a lot of underground. These underground things are actually a symptom...
        3. 0
          4 October 2022 22: 16
          I want to re-read "People are like gods" by Snegov, the book will not come across
      2. +6
        27 August 2022 08: 35
        I remember well how I read The Secret of the Two Oceans.
        But how many years have passed, you should probably read it again.
        Children (and adults) used to read a lot more than they do now.
        In our rural library, it was probably difficult to find a book that I had not read.
        The librarian even kept a list where the readers entered themselves in order to stand in line for some very popular book.
        Thanks to Vyacheslav Olegovich for the memories of distant years.
      3. +5
        27 August 2022 08: 42
        Good morning everyone!
        In Soviet times, an annual collection of stories by foreign and domestic authors was published, which was called “The World of Fiction”, I have only four volumes at home. The oldest is 1974.
        1. +4
          27 August 2022 17: 54
          There was also an excellent supplement to the magazine "Around the World". "The Seeker" was called. Comes out every three months, I think. Or something like that. There were a lot of fantastic stories and novels. Both domestic and foreign.
          By the way, Efremov and Kazantsev worked in the editorial office of the Seeker in the 60s.
          1. Des
            +1
            28 August 2022 18: 57
            Indelible impressions from the fiction of the "Ural Pathfinder".
        2. +5
          28 August 2022 02: 46
          Quote: Kote pane Kohanka
          In Soviet times, an annual collection of stories by foreign and domestic authors was published, which was called "The World of Fantasy"

          In "Technique-Youth" there was an interesting section "Anthology of a fantastic story", mostly by domestic authors. Recently I came across the site www.forumknig.ru, where scans of "Technicians-Youth" are collected starting from the 1930s. An excellent opportunity to plunge into childhood and youth.
        3. +2
          28 August 2022 13: 05
          I only have four volumes at home. The oldest is 1974.
          I have such collections of 1960, 61, 62
      4. +5
        27 August 2022 15: 02
        Quote: Amateur
        "The Secret of Two Oceans" by G. Adamov is much more interesting than "Island" by Kazantsev both from the point of view of literature and fantastic descriptions of weapons.
        "The Secret of Two Oceans" is more interesting, first of all, because human relations are described there very talentedly and qualitatively. Heroes are living people, unlike Kazantsev's works. There are a lot of characters in "Faetes", they constantly enter into intertwining relationships, but ... not that ... not that ...
        The second advantage of Adamov is a very interesting description of wildlife, facts from meteorology and geography. Just like Jules Verne, who thus tried to instill in youth an interest in the natural sciences. Adamov did a great job too. I first learned about the influence of the Gulf Stream on the climate of Europe in my childhood precisely from "The Secret ...".
        But then, I think, technical “novelties” are already coming. But there are rough edges, noticeable even to a young reader. All these are metal alloys, which are simply "alloys discovered by remarkable Soviet scientists." Without any, even fictitious, details. No, there are also good places when thermite tested in the Baltic did not want to burn normally at a different salinity of ocean water. Those. a minimum of details (who will check them?) and the technical problem becomes alive.
        Well, the last item is the detective component. Which, mind you, is far from the main part of the novel. Great dosage! Here, no more, no less is needed: to the very point.
    2. +8
      27 August 2022 09: 32
      And I still remember Belyaev's "Lord of the World". Although, strictly speaking, this is not a fighting fiction.
      1. +5
        28 August 2022 02: 52
        Quote: Andrey from Chelyabinsk
        And I still remember Belyaev's "Lord of the World". Although, strictly speaking, this is not a fighting fiction.

        Yes, a strong thing, in childhood and adolescence I read and re-read it. And then at school he experimented a la Stirner - he imagined how the teacher puts an "A" in my magazine.
        laughing
        And in the fifth grade, engineer Garin tried to assemble the hyperboloid according to the scheme from the book.
        feel
      2. +1
        28 August 2022 13: 42
        Why is it not combat? Psychotronic weapons are a very good weapon.
    3. +8
      27 August 2022 15: 44
      I completely agree with you, colleague. I also watched at school age, skipping classes. By the way, both series did not come out immediately and all the boys waited a very long time for the second series, painfully worrying about the fate of the main characters and, of course, they really wanted to know who was the foreign spy on Pioneer. smile

      Yes, and the music in the film was great, remember the race for Captain Maeda at night in Leningrad? Without this music, it would not look like this. smile
    4. 0
      6 October 2022 18: 35
      And then Sonic oscillator appeared in the computer game X-Som "threat from under the water"
  2. +7
    27 August 2022 03: 54
    Kazantsev is also a famous chess composer. And he included chess problems in a number of his works. It was interesting.
    1. +7
      27 August 2022 07: 28
      I have preserved the old subscriptions of the magazine "Technology of Youth" Still pre-war and post-war. It was there that I first saw the novel "The Burning Island". The illustration with the "Land Cruiser", just from there. Then, in 68, I read Efremov's novel "The Hour of the Bull" for the first time there, which then, for some reason, for some reason, was not published anywhere else ...
      1. +5
        27 August 2022 07: 40
        I read The Hour of the Bull in the 1988 edition. Reissues since then are quite numerous.
        1. +2
          27 August 2022 10: 17
          I came across the first book edition, I think, in 1970.
          1. +3
            27 August 2022 10: 22
            "Young Guard" published.
            1. +3
              27 August 2022 11: 21
              In red cover.
              As a child, he began to read three times after "Thais of Athens", it was not included. Mastered only in the 90s, in the class 10-11. Not mine! However, as Azik Azimov.
              But I read other science fiction authors in a chokehold.
              1. +5
                27 August 2022 16: 06
                after "Thais of Athens"

                I was also interested in the adventures of a naked pyromaniac. wink
  3. +11
    27 August 2022 04: 39
    I don’t understand how it was possible not to mention the story of Hans’s “polygon”
    Where the victim controls the tank herself, mentally suggesting how best to destroy himself.
    And of course, the most powerful weapon in Soviet science fiction is the starship annihilators from the dilogy people are like snow gods
    1. +5
      27 August 2022 08: 22
      You can recall the story of Alexander Kravchenko The Last Fight, published in Technique-Youth, and then the cartoon of the same name was filmed at Kievnauchfilm. Retired generals have an insect control panel ("mushruk-machine")
    2. +1
      27 August 2022 20: 05
      There is an excellent cartoon for adults based on this story.

      https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zccOrkEaEPI
    3. +2
      28 August 2022 02: 58
      Quote: certero
      I don’t understand how it was possible not to mention the story of Hans’s “polygon”

      Oh yes, great story. However, Gansovsky has everything with a sign of quality. Full feeling that this is reality.
    4. +1
      28 August 2022 13: 48
      Basically a trilogy.
      1. "People are like gods."
      2. "Invasion of Perseus".
      3. "Ring of reverse time".
  4. +4
    27 August 2022 04: 57
    Isaac Asimov where??? He was born in Russia, although he later immigrated as a child
    1. +9
      27 August 2022 07: 59
      Isaac Asimov where???


      He's American, after all.
      But why is there no Dnieper? Fiction is really scientific. It's impossible to complain. "The Clay God", "Suema", "Crabs Walk on the Island", "Maxwell's Equations".
      If the assumption is made in the same electronics, then it’s beautiful, in details, you won’t dig.
      And it's funny to read Lem in "Invincible". A photonic nuclear engine and next to a computer on punched tape with flashing light bulbs. And a bunch of assumptions from protective fields to pocket blasters.
      1. 0
        27 August 2022 17: 57
        And it’s funny to read Lem
        At Lem, space ships could turn 180 degrees on the spot, like a car on a highway.
      2. 0
        28 August 2022 13: 51
        Dneprov was mentioned. I did not know that the GRU officer and career intelligence officer ended up with alcoholism.
        As for Lem... "Peace on Earth" is really good at predicting future combat systems.
      3. 0
        29 August 2022 11: 39
        Photon nuclear engine and next to a computer on punched tape with blinking lights

        And there is nothing to be surprised about, in my opinion. Making a number of fantastic assumptions, the author usually fills the rest of the world with familiar images and modern technologies.
        For example, I'm somewhere with Comrade. Asimov read a moment where one of the characters directly argued how modern to him (a literary hero) robots (with full-fledged, "strong", artificial intelligence based on "positron brain" technology) are infinitely more perfect than modern ones to him (and existing simultaneously with previously described robots) computers. Lamp. On punch cards.
  5. +8
    27 August 2022 05: 11
    Purple ball and virus. Bacteriological weapon) )
    1. +5
      27 August 2022 17: 58
      Yeah. Myelophone is psychotropic. (5G towers)
  6. +8
    27 August 2022 05: 35
    It can be noted that in the Soviet publications of those times there were almost always very high-quality illustrations. Some are remembered very well, for example, how a robot on its shoulders takes people out of lava (Grandchildren of Mars). One can only dream of something like this now.
    And "World of Adventures" for its time was very, very good. "Alice" by Bulychev and "Monday begins on Saturday" by the Strugatskys was read there for the first time.
  7. +5
    27 August 2022 05: 53
    Even modern authors pay tribute to land super cruisers, for example, in Bushkov's cycle about Svarog, such a caterpillar monster is described in some detail.
    1. +6
      27 August 2022 07: 20
      In modern science fiction, children still dream and depict such colossus, but unfortunately all this splendor becomes a victim of its own weight. But the idea itself is cyclopean and breathtaking, remaining essentially within the boundaries of "paper architecture"

    2. +2
      27 August 2022 20: 45
      This is true! But modern writers are a little different, although I like many.
  8. +1
    27 August 2022 06: 29
    1. I remember, as a child, I read in the "Seeker" magazine about how our sailor ended up on an uninhabited rocky island, where the Germans used suicide frogmen pumped up with some kind of drug against the Allied ships. Unfortunately, I don't remember the names...

    2. The Strugatskys have a novel "Inhabited Island". Emitter towers were used there. Both fixed and mobile...

    3. Asimov (former ours) in the cycle about the Trantorian Empire often has such a weapon as a neuro-whip ...
    1. 0
      27 August 2022 06: 56
      Alexander Nasibov "MAD Men"
      Gorgeous book!
    2. The comment was deleted.
    3. +8
      27 August 2022 07: 41
      "I remember, as a child, I read in the Seeker magazine about how our sailor ended up on an uninhabited rocky island, where the Germans used suicide frogmen ..."

      This is Nasibov's novel "Mad Men" - a credit book. Then a good film "The Experiment of Dr. Abst" was also shot on it. Nasibov showed the real secret developments of Italians - human torpedoes and German "schnelbots" stuffed with explosives.

      There was such a country of the USSR and there was a cool fantasy world-class.
      Then everything was overwhelmed by an endless stream of our imitators of the American "action" with obligatory sex, with stupid Soldiers of Fortune performing feats for money and depressingly monotonous intergalactic battles.
      Pictured are stills from the film "The Experiment of Dr. Abst".

      1. 0
        27 August 2022 08: 03
        This is Nasibov's novel "Mad Men"

        Thank you! I almost broke my head trying to remember...
      2. +3
        27 August 2022 08: 51
        There was such a country of the USSR and there was a cool fantasy world-class.
        Then everything was overwhelmed by an endless stream of our imitators of the American "action" with obligatory sex, with stupid Soldiers of Fortune performing feats for money and depressingly monotonous intergalactic battles.

        You shouldn’t be so!
        Many modern domestic science fiction writers have continued the traditions of Soviet authors and write no worse, and perhaps even better than their predecessors.
        I will give only one example out of a hundred: N. Perumov dilogy "Skull on the Sleeve" and "Skull in Heaven". Scroll only to the end.
        1. +2
          27 August 2022 11: 18
          "Many modern domestic science fiction writers have continued the traditions of Soviet authors and write no worse, and perhaps even better than their predecessors."
          I agree, I am correcting myself, I personally like to read Bushkov.
        2. +2
          27 August 2022 12: 31
          Favorite book in the 80s was Snegov's People Like Gods. Scale. Ideas. I liked everything. But recently I tried to reread it. Got through just a hundred pages. Such a naivete. Yes, and the style of writing, dialogues. Everything is not that.)))
      3. 0
        27 August 2022 13: 42
        yeah, then (in my distant childhood) I was greatly puzzled by the episode of the attack of a guided torpedo with an Italian (who received a shock dose of dope and specifically the zombied dock Abst) .. I was baffled as a torpedo that had a main course of ~ 3 knots intercepted EM Anglos, which even had an economical move ~ 12-14 knots .. well, so the author probably fumbled in the subject once he invented this ..
    4. The comment was deleted.
    5. +1
      28 August 2022 15: 42
      Quote: Luminman
      de Germans used suicide frogmen pumped up with some kind of drug,

      "CRAZY". It was based on the film "The Experiment of Dr. Abst".
      1. -1
        28 August 2022 16: 15
        "CRAZY". It was made into the film "The Experiment of Dr. Abst"

        Yes thank you...
  9. +2
    27 August 2022 06: 31
    Thanks author! Childhood remembered!
  10. +1
    27 August 2022 06: 42
    Good article.
  11. +5
    27 August 2022 07: 28
    An amazing series of articles, for me, as a connoisseur of science fiction, downright, a balm for the soul.
  12. The comment was deleted.
  13. +4
    27 August 2022 08: 00
    Perhaps not in time, but fans of Soviet science fiction will understand me.
    In the 50s and 60s, Ukrainian science fiction sparkled.
    Until now (I read it as a child), I remember in Russian translations Dashkiev's amazing novels "Dragon's Teeth", Zagrebelny's "Haze", etc.
    Zagrebelny, for example, came up with the use of clouds as a giant celestial screen and from the ground with a special projector to show all sorts of terrible pictures on it (for example, an image of a tyrannosaurus rex, etc.). This terrified the enemy armies. I came up with this...

    1. +7
      27 August 2022 09: 04
      In the 50s and 60s, Ukrainian science fiction sparkled.
      Until now (I read it as a child), I remember in Russian translations Dashkiev's amazing novels "Dragon's Teeth", Zagrebelny's "Haze", etc.

      I can say the same about the Ural science fiction writers. What was published in national languages ​​was an order of magnitude more accessible than in Russian.
      For example, I personally learned from the self-instruction manual how to play the button accordion in Ukrainian. It was impossible to buy in Russian.
      A similar situation was with popular authors and subscriptions. Dumas in Ukrainian and Belarusian lay on our shelves freely., but buy it in Russian .... I'd better keep quiet. Many did just that. The main cherished roots are on the bookshelves, and many have read. And not knowing either Ukrainian or Belarusian languages.
      For example, I have a publication of Sovereign Mikiaveli in Moldavian. Until now, in conversations on the topic, I call his work "God".
      These are the pies with kittens.
      1. +4
        27 August 2022 10: 59
        Quote: Kote pane Kohanka
        What was published in national languages ​​was an order of magnitude more accessible than in Russian

        I would give a lot of money to look at a textbook on sopromat, descriptive geometry or matan on the move ... wink
      2. The comment was deleted.
      3. +3
        27 August 2022 11: 52
        Then in the USSR there was such a national policy. To make national languages ​​more relevant and expand their scope. Indeed, in the "years of stagnation" they published a lot of things that could not be read in Russian.

        For example, the Ukrainian magazine "Vsesvit" (Ukrainian version of "Foreign Literature") in 1973 (!) published the novel "The Godfather" ("Christening Father"), which was impossible for the USSR of that time. A lot of Western dudiks and American science fiction-"action" were also printed there. And "Foreigner" remained a magazine for Moscow snobs and bohemia, dudikov and science fiction there I don’t remember at all in the stagnant years.

        All popular foreign classics were translated into Ukrainian in large numbers and were many times more accessible than Russian-language versions. They also printed such things that were not published in Russian at all. I remember that Alva Bessie's novel "Symbol" (1968) made a big impression on me - a fictionalized biography of Marilyn Monroe with uncut bloody scenes - all in Ukrainian. Simenon about Maigret was then impossible to get in Russian, only from speculators, in Ukrainian it was full.

        In short, knowing Ukrainian, one could read a lot of interesting things and not necessarily Ukrainian authors.
  14. +8
    27 August 2022 09: 13
    Somewhere in a parallel universe, engineer Garin served in the Baltic Fleet
  15. +3
    27 August 2022 09: 42
    Grigory Grebnev
    Arctania.
    A lot of things. From stationary stations flying in the sky for years to the electric pistol "David's Sling". Deep sea suits. Underwater battle stations.
    Many things. And this is the 37th year of creation.
    1. +3
      27 August 2022 10: 00
      Grebnev was remembered for the novel "Another World", at one time he made a strong impression. But, as far as I know, the novel was completed by Strugatsky, after the death of the author ..
      1. 0
        27 August 2022 11: 11
        Posted by Arkady.
      2. +1
        27 August 2022 12: 07
        Alas. Arctania and the Lost Treasures.
        Adventure World. Blue paperback book. Everything I own.
        1. +3
          27 August 2022 13: 44
          Bought this book from a friend.
          He "bound" it himself and built a hard cover.
          1. +3
            27 August 2022 15: 07
            You have a good friend, I gave books to my friends. He proceeded from the principle that "the book should belong to those who need it." Well, they treated me the same way. smile
            1. +3
              27 August 2022 16: 05
              So Konstantin you had something to give.
              1. +3
                27 August 2022 16: 14
                How about with friends... smile
  16. +2
    27 August 2022 09: 55
    Quote: Kote pane Kohanka
    N. Perumov dilogy "Skull on the sleeve" and "Skull in heaven

    This is where the Nazi divisions operate? The author wrote in the comments that he would explain why it was necessary, but he didn’t explain a damn thing.
    1. +5
      27 August 2022 11: 09
      You read the novel, then the author's comments will not be needed.
    2. +6
      27 August 2022 20: 12
      Quote: certero
      This is where the Nazi divisions operate? The author wrote in the comments that he would explain why it was necessary, but he didn’t explain a damn thing.

      And what is there to explain. Perumov's "Skull" is a novel where they fight toad and viper beaver with goat. And the hero rushes between them, trying to choose the lesser of two evils, under which he would survive khatynka and garden with bjols planet and family.
      In fact, Perumov perfectly shows that a sinister empire and noble freedom fighters exist only in fairy tales. In real life, both those and others are not shy about means. And the freedom fighters under the command of Mrs. Dark (well, at least not Darth laughing) the author turned out to be so realistic that only the Fourth Reich came up as opponents.
      1. 0
        2 September 2022 20: 24
        Quote: Alexey RA
        Perumov's "Skull" is a novel where a toad and a beaver viper fight with a goat.

        Alexei, so Perumov's all the novels are like that.
  17. +2
    27 August 2022 10: 24
    There is a curious collection "Tank of Death: Soviet Defense Fiction 1928-1940", published in 2015. You can download, for example, on Flibust.

    Here is the title:

    V. Dinze. Future War Technique (6)
    V. Levashov. Death tank (15)
    L. Layzen. The death of the British Mediterranean fleet. Per. E. Silman (32)
    O. Guryan. Story 3. Future War (46)
    M. Evensen. If there is a war (55)
    S. Erubaev. about a future war. Per. E. Syzdykova (61)
    E. Boltin. Reflected Blitz (97)
    M. Malkov. Ram fighter (118)
    L. Vorontsov. Explosion from scratch (123)
    G. Baidukov. The defeat of the fascist squadron (136)
    A. Olshvang. Fortress (149)
    F. Kozhin. Magnetic wall (159)
    L. Richter. Reflected Blitz (163)
    N. Toman. Mimicrin of Dr. Ilyichev (169)
    1. +1
      27 August 2022 11: 10
      Thank you very much!
  18. +6
    27 August 2022 10: 39
    Thanks Vyacheslav Olegovich! Only human memory can bring back such memories and experiences! Five-point series of articles hi Great weekend to everyone good
  19. +3
    27 August 2022 10: 43
    Reminds me of the superweapon from Star Kings, the Destroyer.
    1. -1
      27 August 2022 16: 41
      Hamilton - a Soviet writer? It seems that the topic of the article is a fantastic weapon in Soviet science fiction.
      1. +1
        28 August 2022 12: 48
        Judging by the exposed minuses, Hamilton is still a Soviet writer laughing. However, Hamilton admitted that he was inspired by the work of Ivan Efremov.
  20. +3
    27 August 2022 11: 16
    Soviet retrofiction is, of course, a whole layer on which, in a good way, we would still shoot and shoot, precisely in the style of what is now called "alternative history" and "retrofuturism". If we really and not in words valued our cultural heritage, just as the same Chinese or Americans or Koreans or the same Germans do.
    After all, in fact, no matter what topics were raised - and parallel worlds and interstellar travel and time travel ...
  21. +3
    27 August 2022 11: 22
    A very unusual weapon, again, only our author was able to come up with this, was a talking (!) Fish with a mine on its head, named Mac, with which it was possible to communicate at the level of a trained dog.

    "I'm Mac! I find and reach. Commander explodes!


    repeated poor Mac, not understanding how he would eventually have to pay for this.

    Who will remember now the 1983 serial film "People and Dolphins"?
    There is a similar episode, but only a completely wild dolphin "imprinted" a sea mine on board a German ship! Befriended a man stranded on a rocky island!
    1. +2
      27 August 2022 12: 10
      Was there still a telepathic connection? Dolphins broadcast certain images into the human brain. What this means is not revealed in the film.
      1. +3
        27 August 2022 12: 42
        According to the plot, the researcher girl lived with a dolphin. And she dreamed, over and over, of certain sets of visions!
        Dolphin, as if telling her about the innocence of one of the film's characters in the death of their mutual friend. Deceased in the mountains.
        1. +2
          27 August 2022 12: 49
          Exactly. Thanks for the reminder.
  22. +2
    27 August 2022 12: 15
    And if we are to remember intelligent animals, then we should remember "Let the sower know" Rosokhovatsky. Octopus Sapiens are perhaps the coolest intelligent creatures in science fiction.
    And their "Later will not be" is still relevant today.
    In general, there is a good collection of 72, if I'm not mistaken, the year of issue. Children's literature. Mascot. Very high quality fantasy.
    1. 0
      28 August 2022 15: 47
      Quote: garri-lin
      And their "Later will not be" is still relevant today.

      The thing is really very strong.
      1. +1
        28 August 2022 22: 40
        In terms of the atmosphere of the underwater world, only Oceanauts could surpass this work. Pavlova. Although they do not fit the topic of your articles due to the lack of weapons, the atmosphere and the detective line are amazing. It's a shame the film adaptation was so poor. A lot of effort and resources went into creating the picture. And the plot was cut very lousy.
        And thank you so much for bringing back old memories.
  23. 0
    27 August 2022 14: 36
    Thanks a lot to the author!!! Among the books of science fiction writers, I cannot fail to note the collection "Our cause is right". Here and fantasy, and weapons, and the devotion of the heroes to the MOTHERLAND!
  24. 0
    27 August 2022 14: 58
    Quote: Kote Pan Kokhanka
    You read the novel, then the author's comments will not be needed.

    I have read both novels. It was a long time ago. But I never received answers to the questions why it was necessary to describe the fascist divisions.
    By the way, have you forgotten that it was the new Germany that defeated the new Russia, and the Germans are an imperial nation?
    However, if you understand everything, then explain why?
  25. +3
    27 August 2022 15: 20
    The finished hyperboloid device. Take and do...
    Well, not quite.
    Ready, chic draft design.
    By the way, notice how Tolstoy wonderfully and competently painted the entire sequence of designing a hyperboloid.
    First, a blueprint. Here, just this picture. Practically - the letter "E".
    Then the technical project. With the development and production of the current layout. Remember, at the dacha on Krestovsky, there are cut boards? The layout was not capable of more due to low power. Letter "T".
    Next is the production of a prototype. It was by whom Gaston the Duck Nose was slit in Paris. By the way, this murder perfectly replaces the acceptance tests. Letter "O".
    Then the finalization of the design based on the test results and the production of a pilot batch. These are full-fledged samples that blew up the chemical plant, which were on the yacht and on the Golden Island. Letter "O1".
    Serial production (letters "A" and "B") did not reach only because Shelga started a revolution there.
    It seems that the author's reference book was GOST 2.103 wink
    It is because of such a careful approach to the description of technical development that it is believed that it really exists.
    1. 0
      27 August 2022 16: 46
      Only the shape of the mirrors, instead of a hyperboloid of revolution, should have had the shape of a paraboloid of revolution...
      1. 0
        28 August 2022 10: 15
        Curiously, someone slammed a minus for a paraboloid. Apparently, I am not at all familiar with the subject and history of the name of this work :)
      2. 0
        31 August 2022 18: 35
        Quote: By outsiders V.
        Only the shape of the mirrors, instead of a hyperboloid of revolution, should have had the shape of a paraboloid of revolution...
        By the way, Tolstoy knew about it. And on the sketches it is the paraboloid that is depicted. But in the text "hyperboloid" sounded more impressive (according to the author).
        1. 0
          15 September 2022 10: 30
          You are right, of course I knew. This is a deliberate distortion, not a mistake.
  26. -12
    27 August 2022 15: 40
    And all these tricks were stolen from Herbert Wales' War of the Worlds and his other stories. And parts of Jules Verne. In order to become a science fiction writer, you don’t need much to translate what is written in English and French.
    1. +2
      27 August 2022 21: 40
      Who "stole" from whom in literature is always a murky topic.
      NF is interesting not only for its technical tricks. If this were the case, then an article in a scientific journal would suffice. Why fence a novel into a few hundred pages?
      Major science fiction writers are interesting for their original characters, amusing plot twists, and so on. etc. It's just that the plot is based on some kind of opulent scientific idea, around which people live, suffer, die. Well Wells landed angry Martians on Earth. Well, what of it? And then the cool, exciting Literature begins.

      I will tell about myself. I'm far from a techie, from the word "absolutely". In many sf novels, I never fully understood the essence of the underlying sf idea. At school, physics was bad, and chemistry was generally out. But if the plot was twisted cool - read, could not tear myself away. And the pages with scientific calculations of the author simply skipped. "You sold an unlicensed dissipating sinterer with a regimen to a cephalopoid." Not very clear, but interesting to read.
      "Engineer Garin's Hyperboloid" is an exciting, cool novel with an original plot. What did Alexei Tolstoy rip off from whom? Wells doesn't have anything like that, he had his own cool ideas.
      1. 0
        28 August 2022 14: 18
        Invisible Man. From a cannon to the moon. To the center of the earth. Back in time. There are Morlocks and other trash that Bandera use. There are a lot of stories from Herbert Wales about marvels of the sea, about what a man has seen thousands of miles away. About how the Earth stopped, and a bunch of films about it. I liked it from the Soviet "Man with an Atomic Heart".
      2. 0
        29 August 2022 11: 47
        Quote: Timofey Charuta
        What did Alexei Tolstoy rip off from whom? Wells doesn't have anything like that, he had his own cool ideas.

        And what did A. Tolstoy have to "rip off" from G. Wells? Various "heat rays" ("rays of death"), etc. (The very phenomenon of a laser beam and the word "laser" as such were coined by EMNIP in the late 1950s and early 1960s) were a common phenomenon in science fiction of those years for many authors.
  27. +4
    27 August 2022 17: 10
    RESPECT to the author of the post !!! I failed in my childhood with a pioneer tie...science fiction ill in the fifth grade once and for all! fellow drinks
  28. +1
    27 August 2022 17: 11
    Alexei Tolstoy is a masterpiece. I have a 10-volume book of 1959 edition left from my grandfather. One of the best Russian, then Soviet writers.
  29. +5
    27 August 2022 19: 29
    Alexander Romanovich Belyaev, in my opinion, is the best Soviet science fiction writer, each novel has its own idea, it is written in a fascinating, vital and concise way, to the extent that you can suck out pages with a continuation from each idea.
    But "The Seller of the Air" can to some extent be considered a novel about weapons of mass destruction, and about the "freedom of the market" in an absolutely uncomplicated form.
    By the way, this is such a hint about the coronovirus covid-19.
  30. 0
    28 August 2022 07: 21
    Many thanks for the article. I have read and watched many of the above. And not just once. Looking forward to continuing)
  31. +1
    28 August 2022 08: 19
    One little advice to forum users, when rereading old novels, be indulgent and make allowances for the age at which you admired what you read. hi
    1. +1
      28 August 2022 09: 25
      I understand that this is advice from a reader who believes in his heart that the old SF sucks, and the modern one is just right. However, I liked the delicate form of presentation of advice. Now such a rarity and an adviser for a sparing style - respect!

      In fact, a classic remains a classic at any age, if the reader understands literature. When it is important not only WHAT, but also HOW it is written.

      It's like watching a movie here. I know a lot of young people who can’t watch old movies at all, including the 80s, and especially the Soviet one. Personally, I and many of my friends tried to watch super-duper modern films on the persistent advice of the same youngsters. I will not say about everything that I watched - but most of them turned off after the first 15 minutes of viewing. Not interesting and annoying. Although modern cinema, including American cinema, probably already has its own film classics, I also liked something.

      First of all, the world around us has changed, other realities, other values. The older generation was brought up on some values, the young - on others. The conflict of generations has always existed. Forty years later, they will say about Perumov and Bushkov - it sucks! And someone, like me now, will begin to protect them. Dialectic, however...

      For dessert - pictures of Bidstrup (who remembers)
      1. 0
        28 August 2022 13: 01
        No. Old fiction doesn’t change, it can’t suck. The person himself changes with age. Often we remember the very delight and emotions from what we read, and not the content and meaning. Rereading our favorite things, we expect what we remember and experience disappointment and bitterness if we love in childhood and adolescence, the book no longer evokes that response. That's actually what I had in mind with my warning. And yes, this applies not only to science fiction or literature in general. This applies to everything.
  32. +1
    28 August 2022 11: 21
    Quote from Alex
    Lem and space ships could turn 180 degrees on the spot, like a car on a highway

    Spaceships cannot turn "in place" as the place shifts in orbit.
    Lem's is Eden. Digging out the ship and building a ramp from self-growing mechembryos.
    using an antiproton emitter.
    Purely Soviet fiction. Collection of A. Shalimov (Science fiction novels and stories,
    publishing house "Children's Literature", Leningrad, 1965). "When the screens are silent."
    The story "Concentrator of gravity".
    Antimatter "Red Whirlwind" missile, aimed at Earth in "The Price of Immortality".
    I would have remembered Lazarchuk, but he, in my opinion, is already a post-Soviet author.
    "All who are able to bear arms" ...
    Kolpakov in "Callisto" also had something humane among the humane Kallists.
    And Alexander Lomm in the Drion series published in Pionerskaya Pravda and
    Drion leaves Earth.
    But why didn’t everyone remember Strugatsky’s “Predatory things of the century”? "Sleep".
    Tank "Mammoth, now used by deep-seaters" and an atomic mine
    on him .
    1. +3
      28 August 2022 13: 06
      Since I remembered "The Predatory Things of the Century", I will add a technique in a fight used against Zhilin - he was doused with a luminous liquid and the lights in the room were quickly turned off. Zhilin remained clearly visible in the dark against several invisible opponents.
    2. 0
      30 August 2022 09: 31
      The use of teleportation as a military weapon in the story "The Beam Man" by M. Lyashenko.
      Carrying (literally) the enemy (an American aircraft carrier) at a great distance is not a bad idea, however.
  33. 0
    28 August 2022 13: 35
    Perhaps it is worth remembering "The Road to the Ocean" by L. Leonov (both dreadnought tanks and automated anti-aircraft guns and deadly colloidal gas and much more are described) and "Valley of New Life" by F. Ilyin. The latter refers to an army of genetically modified soldiers, half-human, half-animal. And the novel was written in 1922 (first edition - in 1928).
  34. 0
    28 August 2022 13: 37
    Fiction, this is essentially a future forecast of human society in the framework of the development of technology at the time of writing the novel / story. As a rule, the source codes for technologies and social phenomena already exist at that time. shadows "(I'm not afraid of evil) are based on real events based on experiments of the beginning of the last century, J. Verne brought to mind the idea of ​​\u19b\u20bsubmarines that were already in front of his eyes. Or images of" aliens ", which are practically everywhere, are nothing more than a representation of futurologists the end of the 200th beginning of the XNUMXth century about the evolutionary appearance of man in XNUMX years.
  35. +2
    28 August 2022 13: 58
    Quote: Private SA
    But why didn’t everyone remember Strugatsky’s “Predatory things of the century”? "Sleep".


    Sleg is still not a weapon. Drugs, a means of escapism.
    Then vodka can be written down as a "weapon of mass destruction."
    From the works of the Strugatskys, it is more appropriate to recall "The Boy from the Underworld". Imperial armored vehicles and special forces "fighting cats" soldier
    1. 0
      28 August 2022 15: 38
      At the time of writing, tanks, ATGMs and guardsmen were common in the military.
  36. 0
    28 August 2022 15: 01
    Quote: Illanatol
    Basically a trilogy.
    1. "People are like gods."
    2. "Invasion of Perseus".
    3. "Ring of reverse time".

    I don't like the ring. It's kind of depressing
  37. +1
    28 August 2022 16: 17
    I'll add another interesting prediction. Ural Pathfinder, 70s, holidays in the countryside and the novel "Farsany" by Slepynina S.V. I got the issue of the US without the beginning and end of the novel, but the plot shocked me. In space, a ship in whose crew all androids are absolute copies of people. And only one person. I don’t remember how he calculated the farsans, but it was written breathtakingly! One detail. To make a farsana, you need some human biological material: hair, a flap of skin, and voila! Now it's called cloning, but then, in the 60s, I think the author's amazing foresight.
  38. +1
    28 August 2022 23: 38
    We are waiting for the continuation. I don’t write what the author hasn’t mentioned yet, I hope everything is ahead.
  39. 0
    29 August 2022 13: 39
    Quote: garri-lin
    At the time of writing, tanks, ATGMs and guardsmen were common in the military.


    It wasn't really about that.
    Let me remind you that on that planet, a certain empire was at war with the duchy, which was previously part of this very empire. So to speak, she decided to return the "separatists" to her native bosom with the help of her armored vehicles. Does it remind you of anything in light of recent events?
    1. 0
      29 August 2022 20: 07
      Alas. Reminds me of a lot. Too much. Since the age of 91, if you count.
  40. 0
    29 August 2022 19: 17
    It was very interesting to read the works of V. Nemtsov, a representative of science fiction "short range". The only thing, as far as I remember, Nemtsov did not write about military things.
  41. 0
    29 August 2022 21: 47
    Quote: Doc1272
    Favorite book in the 80s was Snegov's People Like Gods. Scale. Ideas. I liked everything. But recently I tried to reread it. Got through just a hundred pages. Such a naivete. Yes, and the style of writing, dialogues. Everything is not that.)))

    Similarly :) In school years, they will re-read it three times, and two of them in a row :) I re-read it five years ago, I agree, not the same impressions. After reading with rapture, he drew different starships in a special notebook. I'll have to look, I'm sure it's somewhere. So I can't draw right now.
  42. 0
    29 August 2022 22: 19
    Quote: Illanatol
    It is more appropriate to recall the "Guy from the underworld." Imperial armored vehicles and special forces "fighting cats"

    Yes, remember Gagrid's brigade, caught on a rocade by imperial bombers. landing
    at the mouth of the Arichadna. "A fighting cat is a combat unit in itself." "The Imperials
    armored vehicles are good. And bombers. ...And they have good boots." "A corpse burned out of
    the armored vehicle sticks out, but the boots are intact." (Not verbatim).
    But this is not a fantastic weapon, but a legacy from the previous war.
    The Strugatskys have a scorcher in the hands of Saul Repnin in Attempt to Escape.
  43. +1
    30 August 2022 09: 23
    Quote: Private SA
    The Strugatskys have a scorcher in the hands of Saul Repnin in Attempt to Escape.


    Yes, I remember. But what was more striking was the use of political prisoners by the natives to master alien equipment (possibly combat) by these savages by the "poke" method.
  44. 0
    30 August 2022 09: 27
    Quote: zenion
    And all these tricks were stolen from Herbert Wales' War of the Worlds and his other stories. And parts of Jules Verne. In order to become a science fiction writer, you don’t need much to translate what is written in English and French.


    Very controversial.
    As for the theft ... let's remember how Hollywood stole the Soviet film "Planet of Storms", stupidly replacing the names of the characters and the sound track, passing it off as their own achievement.
    1. 0
      30 August 2022 14: 56
      Another girl on the orbital station was filmed. And very sloppy.

"Right Sector" (banned in Russia), "Ukrainian Insurgent Army" (UPA) (banned in Russia), ISIS (banned in Russia), "Jabhat Fatah al-Sham" formerly "Jabhat al-Nusra" (banned in Russia) , Taliban (banned in Russia), Al-Qaeda (banned in Russia), Anti-Corruption Foundation (banned in Russia), Navalny Headquarters (banned in Russia), Facebook (banned in Russia), Instagram (banned in Russia), Meta (banned in Russia), Misanthropic Division (banned in Russia), Azov (banned in Russia), Muslim Brotherhood (banned in Russia), Aum Shinrikyo (banned in Russia), AUE (banned in Russia), UNA-UNSO (banned in Russia), Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People (banned in Russia), Legion “Freedom of Russia” (armed formation, recognized as terrorist in the Russian Federation and banned)

“Non-profit organizations, unregistered public associations or individuals performing the functions of a foreign agent,” as well as media outlets performing the functions of a foreign agent: “Medusa”; "Voice of America"; "Realities"; "Present time"; "Radio Freedom"; Ponomarev; Savitskaya; Markelov; Kamalyagin; Apakhonchich; Makarevich; Dud; Gordon; Zhdanov; Medvedev; Fedorov; "Owl"; "Alliance of Doctors"; "RKK" "Levada Center"; "Memorial"; "Voice"; "Person and law"; "Rain"; "Mediazone"; "Deutsche Welle"; QMS "Caucasian Knot"; "Insider"; "New Newspaper"