Nuclear submarines of the project 955 "Borey"
2 November 1996 of the year in the city of Severodvinsk solemnly laid the first (both in our country and in the world) atomic strategic submarine belonging to the 4 generation. The new strategic missile submarine was named "Yuri Dolgoruky". Research in the field of missile submarines belonging to the new 4-th generation, began in the USSR in 1978 year. The direct development of the submarine of the 955 project (the Borey code) was carried out by the Rubin Central Design Bureau, the chief designer of the project was V. N. Zdornov. Active work began at the end of the 1980s. At this point, the global situation has changed, which left a certain imprint on the appearance of the new submarine. In particular, it was decided to abandon the exotic layout and gigantic dimensions possessed by the Shark PLA, returning to the “classical” scheme.
According to the original plans, the new submarine rocket carrier planned to equip the missile system created by the "Makeevskoy" firm. The main armament of the boat was to become powerful solid-fuel missiles "Bark", equipped with a new system of inertial-satellite targeting, which would significantly improve the accuracy of shooting. But a series of unsuccessful rocket test launches and meager funding forced the designers to reconsider the composition of the missile carrier’s missile weapons. In 1998, at the Moscow Institute of Heating Engineering (MIT), which previously specialized in designing strategic ground-based ballistic solid-fuel missiles (including the Kurier, Pioneer, Topol, and Topol-M missiles), as well as anti-submarine missiles systems (the famous "Medvedka"), work began on the creation of a completely new missile system, which is known as the "Bulava". This complex in terms of the accuracy of defeating targets and the ability to overcome enemy missile defense must surpass the American counterpart - Trident II.
The new naval missile is quite unified with the intercontinental ballistic missile Topol-M, which is in service with the RVSN, but is not a direct modification. Significant differences in the ground and sea-based features do not allow the development of a universal rocket that would meet the requirements of the Strategic Missile Forces and the Navy to the same extent. The new sea-based missile P-30 "Bulava" according to various sources is capable of carrying, from 6 to 10, individual-targeting nuclear units that have the ability to maneuver in pitch and yaw. The total missile weight dropped is 1 150 kg. The maximum launch range is 8 000 km, which is enough to hit almost all points in the United States with the exception of southern California and Florida. At the same time, during the last test launch, the missile overcame 9 100 km.
According to existing plans for the modernization of underwater fleet Russia, the SSBN of project 955 Borey should become one of the 4 types of submarines that will be put into service. At one time, one of the features of the Soviet and then the Russian fleet was the use of dozens of various modifications and types of submarines, which significantly complicated their repair and operation.
Currently, between the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation and USC - United Shipbuilding Corporation signed a contract to develop a modified version of SSBN Ave. 955A "Borey". The amount of the contract for the development of boats amounted to 39 billion rubles. The construction of submarines of the 955A project will be carried out in Severodvinsk at PO Sevmash. Submarines of the new project will have a Bulava 20 SLBM and an advanced set of computing facilities.
History creations and design features
Since the end of the 80-s, the submarine of the 955 project was designed as a two-shaft SSBN, similar in design to the 667 series submarines of the BDRM Dolphin with a reduced height of the mines of ballistic missiles for the Bark missile system. Under this project, a submarine with a serial number 1996 was laid in 201. In 1998, the decision was made to abandon the Bark SLBM in favor of creating a new Bulava solid-fuel missile with different dimensions.
This decision led to the redesign of the submarine. At the same time, it became clear that the submarine could not be built and put into operation within a reasonable time frame in the face of reduced funding and the collapse of the USSR. The collapse of the USSR led to the cessation of deliveries of specific grades of metal-roll produced by Zaporozhye Steel Foundry, which turned out to be on the territory of independent Ukraine. At the same time, when creating boats, it was decided to use the groundwork for unfinished submarines of the 949A Antey and 971 Shchuka-B projects.
The movement of the submarine is carried out using a single-shaft propulsion system with propulsion qualities.
Similar to the 971 “Pike-B” submarine-launched missile carriers, the new submarine had retractable nasal horizontal rudders with flaps, as well as two reclining thrusters that increased its maneuverability. Submarines of the Borey project are equipped with a rescue system - a rescue pop-up camera that can accommodate the entire crew of the submarine. The rescue chamber is located in the boat hull behind the SLBM launchers. In addition, the KNU-5H-600 class 4 life rafts is on the submarine missile carrier.
The hull of the submarine project 955 "Borey" has a two-hull design. Most likely, the durable hull of the boat is made of steel with a thickness of up to 48 mm and indicators of yield strength 100 kgf / sq. Mm. The submarine hull is assembled using the block method. The equipment of the submarine is mounted inside its hull in depreciation blocks on special shock absorbers, which are part of the general construction system of a two-stage damping system. Each of the shock-absorbing blocks is isolated from the submarine hull with the help of rubber-cord pneumatic shock absorbers. The bow end of the cutting deck PLA is made with a slope forward, this is done in order to improve the flow.
The hull of the submarine is covered with a special rubber anhydroacoustic coating, it is also likely that active means of noise reduction are used in its design. According to A. A. Dyachkov, general director of the TsBB Rubin, the submarines of the Borey 955 project are 5 times less noisy than the Antey’s 949A or the Schuka-B 971 submarines.
Hydroacoustic armament of the submarine is represented by the Irtysh-Amfora-Borey MGK-600B - a single automated digital GAK, which combines in its pure sense as GAK itself (echo direction finding, noise-finding, target classification, GA-communication, detection of GA-signals), so are all hydroacoustic stations of the so-called “small acoustics” (measurement of the speed of sound, measurement of ice thickness, mine detection, detection of torpedoes, search for wormwood and divorces). It is assumed that the range of this complex will surpass the SJC of American submarines of the “Virginia” type.
A nuclear power plant (NPI) is installed on the submarine, most likely with a VM-5 thermal water neutron or pressurized-water reactor or similar with a power of about 190 MW. The reactor uses a control and protection system PUF - "Aliot". According to unconfirmed information so far, the new generation NPI will be installed on the boats of this project. A single-shaft steam-turbine steam-turbine unit with a main turbo-gear unit OK-9ВМ or similar with improved damping and power approximately 50 000 hp is used for movement of the submarine.
To improve maneuverability, the submarine of the 955 project “Borey” is equipped with 2-me thrusters two-speed propulsion electric motors PG-160, each with an 410 power of hp. (according to other data, power in 370 hp). These electric motors are located in the advanced columns in the rear part of the submarine.
The main armament of the boat are solid propellant ballistic missiles R-30 "Bulava", created by the Moscow Institute of Heat Engineering. Shipboard military launch complex (KBSK) was established in the GRTs them. Makeeva (city of Miass). On the first boats of the 955 "Borey" project will be located on the 16 SLBM "Mace", on the boats of the 955 project their number will be increased to 20 units.
In addition to missiles, the boat has 8 nasal 533-mm torpedo tubes (maximum 40 torpedoes, rocket-torpedoes, or self-transporting mines). USET-80 and UGST torpedoes, Waterfall missiles can be used onboard the boat. There is also a 6 disposable non-rechargeable 533-mm REPS-324 “Barrier” launchers for launching hydroacoustic countermeasure facilities, which are located in the superstructure (similar to the 971 project boats). Ammunition - 6 self-propelled sonar countermeasures: MG-104 "Throw" or MG-114 "Beryl".
As of May 2011, it was known that, starting with the 4 submarine hull of the Borey 955 submarine (conventionally Ave 09554), the hull shape of the boat will change, which will become closer to the originally intended appearance of the submarines. Probably, these boats will be built without the use of the reserve, which remained from the submarine pr 971. In the nasal compartments of SSBN it is planned to abandon the two-body. Along with the bow antennas of the Irkysh-Amphora State Joint-Stock Company, the long-drawn case antennas of the SAC will be used. Torpedo tubes are planned to move closer to the center of the hull and make them airborne. The front rudders are going to move to the wheelhouse. The number of mines is planned to be increased to 20, with a decrease in the size of the permeable superstructure in the area of mines. The power plant, which will be unified with other submarines of the 4 generation, will also be modernized.
TTX boats:
Crew - 107 people (including 55 officers);
Maximum length –170 m;
Width is greatest - 13,5 m;
Draft hull average - 10 m;
Underwater displacement - 24 000 t;
Displacement overhead - 14 720 t;
Submerged speed - 29 knots;
Surface speed - 15 knots;
Maximum immersion depth –480 m;
Immersion depth working - 400 m;
The autonomy of swimming - 90 days;
Armament - 16 PU missiles P-30 "Bulava", on the boats of the project 955А - 20PU, 8х533 torpedo tubes.
Information sources:
-http: //militaryrussia.ru/blog/topic-338.html
-http: //vadimvswar.narod.ru/ALL_OUT/TiVOut9801/SuRub/SuRub075.htm
-http: //ru.wikipedia.org
According to the original plans, the new submarine rocket carrier planned to equip the missile system created by the "Makeevskoy" firm. The main armament of the boat was to become powerful solid-fuel missiles "Bark", equipped with a new system of inertial-satellite targeting, which would significantly improve the accuracy of shooting. But a series of unsuccessful rocket test launches and meager funding forced the designers to reconsider the composition of the missile carrier’s missile weapons. In 1998, at the Moscow Institute of Heating Engineering (MIT), which previously specialized in designing strategic ground-based ballistic solid-fuel missiles (including the Kurier, Pioneer, Topol, and Topol-M missiles), as well as anti-submarine missiles systems (the famous "Medvedka"), work began on the creation of a completely new missile system, which is known as the "Bulava". This complex in terms of the accuracy of defeating targets and the ability to overcome enemy missile defense must surpass the American counterpart - Trident II.
The new naval missile is quite unified with the intercontinental ballistic missile Topol-M, which is in service with the RVSN, but is not a direct modification. Significant differences in the ground and sea-based features do not allow the development of a universal rocket that would meet the requirements of the Strategic Missile Forces and the Navy to the same extent. The new sea-based missile P-30 "Bulava" according to various sources is capable of carrying, from 6 to 10, individual-targeting nuclear units that have the ability to maneuver in pitch and yaw. The total missile weight dropped is 1 150 kg. The maximum launch range is 8 000 km, which is enough to hit almost all points in the United States with the exception of southern California and Florida. At the same time, during the last test launch, the missile overcame 9 100 km.
According to existing plans for the modernization of underwater fleet Russia, the SSBN of project 955 Borey should become one of the 4 types of submarines that will be put into service. At one time, one of the features of the Soviet and then the Russian fleet was the use of dozens of various modifications and types of submarines, which significantly complicated their repair and operation.
Currently, between the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation and USC - United Shipbuilding Corporation signed a contract to develop a modified version of SSBN Ave. 955A "Borey". The amount of the contract for the development of boats amounted to 39 billion rubles. The construction of submarines of the 955A project will be carried out in Severodvinsk at PO Sevmash. Submarines of the new project will have a Bulava 20 SLBM and an advanced set of computing facilities.
History creations and design features
Since the end of the 80-s, the submarine of the 955 project was designed as a two-shaft SSBN, similar in design to the 667 series submarines of the BDRM Dolphin with a reduced height of the mines of ballistic missiles for the Bark missile system. Under this project, a submarine with a serial number 1996 was laid in 201. In 1998, the decision was made to abandon the Bark SLBM in favor of creating a new Bulava solid-fuel missile with different dimensions.
This decision led to the redesign of the submarine. At the same time, it became clear that the submarine could not be built and put into operation within a reasonable time frame in the face of reduced funding and the collapse of the USSR. The collapse of the USSR led to the cessation of deliveries of specific grades of metal-roll produced by Zaporozhye Steel Foundry, which turned out to be on the territory of independent Ukraine. At the same time, when creating boats, it was decided to use the groundwork for unfinished submarines of the 949A Antey and 971 Shchuka-B projects.
The movement of the submarine is carried out using a single-shaft propulsion system with propulsion qualities.
Similar to the 971 “Pike-B” submarine-launched missile carriers, the new submarine had retractable nasal horizontal rudders with flaps, as well as two reclining thrusters that increased its maneuverability. Submarines of the Borey project are equipped with a rescue system - a rescue pop-up camera that can accommodate the entire crew of the submarine. The rescue chamber is located in the boat hull behind the SLBM launchers. In addition, the KNU-5H-600 class 4 life rafts is on the submarine missile carrier.
The hull of the submarine project 955 "Borey" has a two-hull design. Most likely, the durable hull of the boat is made of steel with a thickness of up to 48 mm and indicators of yield strength 100 kgf / sq. Mm. The submarine hull is assembled using the block method. The equipment of the submarine is mounted inside its hull in depreciation blocks on special shock absorbers, which are part of the general construction system of a two-stage damping system. Each of the shock-absorbing blocks is isolated from the submarine hull with the help of rubber-cord pneumatic shock absorbers. The bow end of the cutting deck PLA is made with a slope forward, this is done in order to improve the flow.
The hull of the submarine is covered with a special rubber anhydroacoustic coating, it is also likely that active means of noise reduction are used in its design. According to A. A. Dyachkov, general director of the TsBB Rubin, the submarines of the Borey 955 project are 5 times less noisy than the Antey’s 949A or the Schuka-B 971 submarines.
Hydroacoustic armament of the submarine is represented by the Irtysh-Amfora-Borey MGK-600B - a single automated digital GAK, which combines in its pure sense as GAK itself (echo direction finding, noise-finding, target classification, GA-communication, detection of GA-signals), so are all hydroacoustic stations of the so-called “small acoustics” (measurement of the speed of sound, measurement of ice thickness, mine detection, detection of torpedoes, search for wormwood and divorces). It is assumed that the range of this complex will surpass the SJC of American submarines of the “Virginia” type.
A nuclear power plant (NPI) is installed on the submarine, most likely with a VM-5 thermal water neutron or pressurized-water reactor or similar with a power of about 190 MW. The reactor uses a control and protection system PUF - "Aliot". According to unconfirmed information so far, the new generation NPI will be installed on the boats of this project. A single-shaft steam-turbine steam-turbine unit with a main turbo-gear unit OK-9ВМ or similar with improved damping and power approximately 50 000 hp is used for movement of the submarine.
To improve maneuverability, the submarine of the 955 project “Borey” is equipped with 2-me thrusters two-speed propulsion electric motors PG-160, each with an 410 power of hp. (according to other data, power in 370 hp). These electric motors are located in the advanced columns in the rear part of the submarine.
The main armament of the boat are solid propellant ballistic missiles R-30 "Bulava", created by the Moscow Institute of Heat Engineering. Shipboard military launch complex (KBSK) was established in the GRTs them. Makeeva (city of Miass). On the first boats of the 955 "Borey" project will be located on the 16 SLBM "Mace", on the boats of the 955 project their number will be increased to 20 units.
In addition to missiles, the boat has 8 nasal 533-mm torpedo tubes (maximum 40 torpedoes, rocket-torpedoes, or self-transporting mines). USET-80 and UGST torpedoes, Waterfall missiles can be used onboard the boat. There is also a 6 disposable non-rechargeable 533-mm REPS-324 “Barrier” launchers for launching hydroacoustic countermeasure facilities, which are located in the superstructure (similar to the 971 project boats). Ammunition - 6 self-propelled sonar countermeasures: MG-104 "Throw" or MG-114 "Beryl".
As of May 2011, it was known that, starting with the 4 submarine hull of the Borey 955 submarine (conventionally Ave 09554), the hull shape of the boat will change, which will become closer to the originally intended appearance of the submarines. Probably, these boats will be built without the use of the reserve, which remained from the submarine pr 971. In the nasal compartments of SSBN it is planned to abandon the two-body. Along with the bow antennas of the Irkysh-Amphora State Joint-Stock Company, the long-drawn case antennas of the SAC will be used. Torpedo tubes are planned to move closer to the center of the hull and make them airborne. The front rudders are going to move to the wheelhouse. The number of mines is planned to be increased to 20, with a decrease in the size of the permeable superstructure in the area of mines. The power plant, which will be unified with other submarines of the 4 generation, will also be modernized.
TTX boats:
Crew - 107 people (including 55 officers);
Maximum length –170 m;
Width is greatest - 13,5 m;
Draft hull average - 10 m;
Underwater displacement - 24 000 t;
Displacement overhead - 14 720 t;
Submerged speed - 29 knots;
Surface speed - 15 knots;
Maximum immersion depth –480 m;
Immersion depth working - 400 m;
The autonomy of swimming - 90 days;
Armament - 16 PU missiles P-30 "Bulava", on the boats of the project 955А - 20PU, 8х533 torpedo tubes.
Information sources:
-http: //militaryrussia.ru/blog/topic-338.html
-http: //vadimvswar.narod.ru/ALL_OUT/TiVOut9801/SuRub/SuRub075.htm
-http: //ru.wikipedia.org
Information