The state and prospects of the tank forces of Ukraine
Just a few months ago, Ukraine had full-fledged tank troops. As part of a number of large formations, there were several hundred tanks of different models, and attempts were made to create new ones. However, then the Ukrainian tank formations became one of the priority targets for forced demilitarization. To date, they have suffered heavy losses, and it is not possible to restore their former numbers and potential.
Troop structure
The current image of the Ukrainian tank forces, as well as the ground forces in general, was formed as a result of several reforms of the last decades. Their result was the abandonment of the old Soviet organizational structure based on divisions and the transition to the brigade principle.
The main formation of the Ukrainian tank forces is the brigade. The typical composition of such a formation includes a headquarters, three tank battalions, mechanized, artillery and other units, as well as platoons, companies and support groups. In addition, in the OShS of the ground forces there are separate tank battalions with mechanized brigades.
At the moment, the ground forces include four linear tank brigades and two reserve ones. There are separate tank battalions or companies in 10-11 mechanized brigades. In most cases, there is only one such unit, but there were exceptions. In addition, there are tank battalions in the Marine Corps and the National Guard.
The Ukrainian tank battalion in the state has about 50 tanks of one model or another. Accordingly, the typical composition of the brigade provides for the presence of approx. 150 combat vehicles. However, the actual number may be lower due to lack of equipment. In addition, the constant problem of the Ukrainian army was and remains the maintenance of the combat capability of the materiel. As a result, the lack of the total amount of equipment is accompanied by a decrease in combat readiness.
Compounds and their equipment
In the Chernihiv region, in the north of Ukraine, the 1st separate tank brigade (1 brigade) is deployed. This formation has the standard three battalions manned by tanks. In service were the old and modernized T-64s of several modifications. In particular, the brigade was the only operator of the T-64BM Bulat vehicles.
The 3rd brigade was stationed in the Khmelnytsky region, the 4th brigade was stationed in the Chernihiv region, and the 17th brigade was stationed in the city of Krivoy Rog. These connections also have a regular structure. At the same time, they had to be equipped with a mixed park. The T-64 tanks of various modifications are simultaneously in service, as well as several versions of the T-72 and T-80.
The reserve includes the 5th and 14th separate tank brigades. It was reported that they do not differ from other compounds in terms of SHS. In addition, a similar mixed approach to equipment acquisition was used. At the same time, older tanks were transferred to the reserve brigades, which were of limited interest to linear formations.
Two brigades of marines had two battalions with T-64BV and T-80BV tanks. The exact composition of the tank units of the National Guard is unclear, but they were given equipment of various types.
According to The Militaty Balance 2022 reference book, at the beginning of this year, the units of the Ukrainian army had approx. 930 tanks of various models. More than 1100 units. was in reserve. It should also be recalled that from hundreds to thousands of tanks of various types and modifications may be present in storage in one form or another.
The most massive model in the active fleet was the T-64BV. There were 660 such machines, of which 235 have undergone regular repairs and modernization in recent years. The number of newer T-64BMs was estimated at 100 units. Also, 133 T-72 tanks of different versions and less than 30 T-80BV served. There were only a few advertised T-84 Oplots.
Tanks in battle
As is now known, Ukrainian tank brigades were preparing for an offensive in the Donbas at the beginning of the year. However, on February 24, the Russian Special Operation began, and these plans were thwarted. All line teams had to be used in defense. It was also reported on the deployment and combat work of other formations.
So, it is known that the 1st brigade was in the Kiev direction in February-March, after which it was transferred to the Donbass. Then she was taken away for rest and replenishment, and in the summer the connection appeared in the Zaporozhye region. The 3rd and 4th brigades were initially located in the occupied territories of Donbass. Now the remnants of these formations are in the area of Kharkov or withdrawn to the rear. The 17th brigade operated in the southern direction and is now in the Kherson region. and nearby areas.
In early August, Forbes drew attention to two reserve brigades and drew attention to some features of their work. So, the 5th reserve brigade was in the Odessa region and was preparing to repel the amphibious assault. Having received anti-ship missiles, Ukraine can not be afraid of the landing of Russian marines - and there is an opportunity to transfer tanks to a more important direction. However, this does not happen. At the same time, nothing is reported about the actions of the 14th brigade.
Forbes suggests that the two reserve brigades, at least, do not correspond to the declared number and equipment. It is likely that they actually exist only on paper and are not in a position to conduct combat operations.
Losses and gains
Tanks are predictably a priority target for demilitarizing strikes by the Russian army. According to our Ministry of Defense, to date, Ukrainian formations have lost almost 4300 tanks and armored fighting vehicles of all types.
More details are provided by the Lost Armor project. He reports that about 150 Ukrainian tanks of all types and models have been destroyed since February. Almost 110 armored vehicles became trophies of the Russian army and Donbass militia. It is possible that the project did not calculate all Ukrainian losses, and the number of tanks destroyed or taken as trophies is much higher.
Thus, the total losses of Ukrainian formations are at least 250-260 tanks. This is almost 30% of the known list number of tank units at the beginning of the year. At the same time, it should be remembered that some of the Ukrainian tanks were unsuitable for operation and combat work. Accordingly, the proportion of losses among combat-ready tanks is even higher.
250-260 lost armored vehicles would be enough to equip five tank battalions. This is equivalent to one tank brigade and tank units of two mechanized brigades. It is not difficult to understand how such losses affected the overall performance and capabilities of the ground forces.
However, such losses also had positive consequences. So, more than a hundred captured tanks will now replenish the ground forces of the two republics of Donbass. The moral obsolescence of such equipment will be compensated by its quantity - and the overall capabilities of the allied forces will grow.
It should be recalled that in recent months, Ukraine has not only lost tanks, but also received them. Several foreign countries provided her with assistance in the form of a large number of such equipment. So, back in March-April, Poland handed over 230 T-72 tanks of old modifications to the Kyiv regime. Recently it was announced that a number of Polish PT-91s would soon be delivered. In addition, different numbers of tanks were transferred to Ukraine by the Czech Republic and North Macedonia. The intention to provide tanks was expressed by third countries.
Interim results
Just a few months ago, at the beginning of this year, the Ukrainian tank forces had a number of characteristic features. They were distinguished by a rather large number and in this respect surpassed a number of European states. In addition, they had a large stock of equipment potentially suitable for recovery and return to service.
However, there were also negative trends. So, the tank fleet mainly consisted of old and obsolete equipment. In addition, not all vehicles were ready for operation and combat use. As it turned out, there were also problems along the reserve line - the corresponding brigades did not meet the requirements and can only “successfully” work in the deep rear.
On February 24, the situation began to change dramatically. In the following months, the Russian army and allied militia of Donbass knocked out a significant part of the Ukrainian tanks, both in the front line and in the rear bases. At the same time, it was the active fleet of first-line equipment that was reduced, which seriously hit the capabilities of the tank troops and the Ukrainian forces as a whole. Such processes continue to this day with clear results.
Foreign aid in the form of Soviet-style tanks generally does not improve Ukraine's situation. Only old and obsolete combat vehicles with limited characteristics are supplied, which are not a difficult target for Russian weapons. It is already known about the destruction of former Polish and Czech tanks - and losses among such equipment will continue to grow.
With all this, the possibilities for replenishing losses are reduced. As a result of demilitarization strikes, Ukraine has practically lost its production capacity for the restoration and modernization of armored vehicles. Mass deliveries from abroad can no longer be expected: potential suppliers have given away almost all the tanks that they could share without harming themselves.
Obvious prospects
Thus, the future of the Ukrainian tank forces is generally clear and predictable. Allied troops will continue to knock out or take trophies of their equipment, as well as destroy or capture personnel. In addition, some Ukrainian servicemen will prefer to surrender, perhaps along with the materiel entrusted to them. Despite assistance from abroad, the number of units and formations will be gradually reduced, and with it the combat capability will continue to fall.
Tanks are of particular importance for the ground forces, and their loss in a certain way will affect the capabilities of all Ukrainian formations. Accordingly, the methodical and systematic destruction of the tank forces of Ukraine, observed in recent months, is becoming one of the key areas in the overall demilitarization.
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