Diesel-electric submarine "Kronstadt" project 677 has begun the final stage of factory sea trials

The first serial submarine "Kronstadt" of project 677 "Lada" has entered the final stage of factory sea trials, which will take place in the waters of the Gulf of Finland. This was reported by the press service of the Admiralty shipyards.

According to the report, as part of the final stage, the crew and specialists of the enterprise will check the electric propulsion system and hydroacoustic complex at depth, maneuverability in a submerged position and operation of the rudders at maximum speed. In addition, missile and torpedo weapons will be tested.

The timing of the submarine's stay at sea has not been named, after the submarine returns to the Admiralty Shipyards, the detected shortcomings will be eliminated on it, after which the Kronstadt will begin state tests. Sign in fleet the submarine is due this year.

As already reported, "Kronstadt" is a long-term construction, construction was carried out with interruptions, stops and adjustments to the project. The laying of the submarine took place in July 2005, in 2009, by decision of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, the construction of the order was suspended until 2013, until the lead submarine of the St. Petersburg series was transferred to trial operation. Another 5 years passed from the moment the construction was resumed to the launching, the Kronstadt was delivered to the outfitting wall only in September 2018. Three years later, at the end of 2021, the submarine entered sea trials for the first time.

At the Admiralty Shipyards, it was reported that the Kronstadt was completed according to an adjusted project, taking into account the trial operation of the lead submarine of the St. Petersburg series. On the submarine, the control system for ship technical means, the electric propulsion system, and the navigation complex have been modernized.

Comments

[Cananecat]

Seven feet or something...

[Thrifty]

Canecat you mean 7 feet above the water? ??

[Cananecat]

Quote: Thrifty

7 feet above the surface of the water? ??

She also knows how to fly ... so from the maximum ceiling .... do not believe it? Ask Klimov ... but about this and then the enemy does not sleep ...

[bouncyhunter]

"Kronstadt" - long-term construction

Not the point. The submarine is undergoing sea trials. And therefore:

Quote: Canecat

Seven feet or something...

[dmi.pris1]

Actually, they want something else for divers ... But in any case, good luck to our guys. And yes, so that the number of dives is equal to the number of ascents ..

[Albert Brecht]

We will not repeat ourselves so that the number of dives is equal to the number of ascents

[Sergio_7]

Good news! Seven feet under the keel, as they say!)

[Thrifty]

With conventional diesels? VNEU never gave birth???

[dmi.pris1]

The situation is such that a tit is better than a crane. I hope that work on VNEU has not been curtailed.

[Aviator_]

I hope that work on VNEU has not been curtailed.

We had VNEU in the 50-60s, project 615. Received the nickname "Lighters".

[dmi.pris1]

Thanks for the information. I didn’t know, I’ll look on the net about this project

[WapentakeLokki]

if I’m not mistaken, then they tried to use Dr. Walter’s trophy system, namely hydrogen peroxide - a terribly active thing (corroding almost all the materials of those times) and, accordingly, explosive ... so if this is VNEU, then from a dead end ..

[Aviator_]

if I'm not mistaken, they tried to use Dr. Walter's trophy system there

You are wrong. Low-water hydrogen peroxide (as in the German project) was not there. It was liquid oxygen. In total, from 1953 to 1962, 31 submarines were accepted from industry. The boats are small, normal displacement is 400 m3. One of them, M-296, sunk in 1957, was raised in 1984 and erected as a monument in Odessa.

[January]

You are wrong. M 296 could not sink in 57, since it was included in the fleet in 58
And, it probably didn't sink at all....
"On December 23, 1958, it entered service, became part of the Black Sea Fleet. On February 26, 1959, it was accepted by the state acceptance committee. It was enrolled in the 27th ObrPL based on Balaklava.

From April 01, 1961, it was part of the 60th DnPL of the 14th BrPL, from July 3, 1961 - as part of the 27th ObrPL.

On March 30, 1965, it was withdrawn from service and mothballed, laid up in Balaklava Bay. Since March 30, 1967 - as part of the 14th DiPL KChF.

On June 01, 1971, the submarine was mothballed and re-commissioned. On June 29, 1977, she was reclassified into an experimental submarine and on August 3, 1977 - renamed MS-296.

On June 05, 1979, she was excluded from the fleet due to surrender to the OFI "

[Aviator_]

Maybe I was wrong. In the book "Soviet submarines of post-war construction" (Shirokorad A.B., 1997, M) on p. 145 it is written about the M-296 as a monument in Odessa, although further, on p. 146 it is said that it was accepted by the fleet on 23.12.1958 .XNUMX Misprint by Shirokorad.

[Alexey RA]

Quote: Aviator_

One of them, M-296, sunk in 1957, was raised in 1984 and erected as a monument in Odessa.

The fire was on the M-256 - after the explosion of the power plant on September 26.09.1957, XNUMX.
The submarine managed to surface and stay on the surface for almost 4 hours. The evacuation of the crew was severely hampered by the storm. 35 people died, 7 people were saved. The submarine was raised by "Commune" in November of the same year, decommissioned and cut into metal.
Source - deepstorm.ru

[WapentakeLokki]

but I remembered .. the beginning of the topic Russian (RIF) pl Postal .. Deutsche called the topic '' Kreislauf '' and the trick is to feed the diesel under water with liquid oxygen (Dewar vessel) .. O2 is allowed to evaporate and fed into the diesel. .but this is not VNEU .. or how ???

[Aviator_]

and the trick is to power the diesel under water with liquid oxygen (Dewar vessel) .. O2 is allowed to evaporate and fed into the diesel .. but this is not VNEU .. or what ???

This is an attempt to create VNEU, but for the beginning of the twentieth century, and even on the submarine of the hack Dzhevetsky, it was a suicidal adventure.

[Boa kaa]

Quote: Aviator_

We had VNEU in the 50-60s, project 615.

Not only this project was with us. On the basis of the A615 project in 1954 - 1955. technical project 637 was developed, in the power plant the absorption of exhaust carbon dioxide and its enrichment with oxygen was carried out using a solid granular substance - sodium superoxide (Product B-2). VNEU was also developed according to the cycle of Academician E. A. Chudakov using hydrogen peroxide as an oxidizing agent. In parallel with the development of project 617, work was carried out on more advanced submarine projects with PSTU: 617M, 635, 643, 647, which were not implemented due to the start of active construction of first-generation nuclear submarines.
Since the 1970s in the Central Design Bureau MT "Rubin" work is underway to create a VNEU with an electrochemical generator (ECG). The Allied Design Bureau for Boiler Building led the development of VNEU with ECG for the Project 865 submarine, the Poisk-6 deep-sea submersible and the Sirena-K underwater propulsion vehicle. Later, a higher-capacity power plant "Crystal-27" with an alkaline electrolyte was developed. In addition, in the 1980s Central Design Bureau "Lazurit" has developed a project for equipping a submarine of project 613 VNEU based on an ECG with a capacity of 280 kW (project 613E), the developers are NPO Kvant and NPO Cryogenmash.
Federal State Unitary Enterprise RRC "Applied Chemistry", Central Design Bureau MT "Rubin" and Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Admiralty Shipyards" created a unit for continuous production of hydrogen by hydrothermal oxidation of aluminum powders.
At present, VNEU with diesel fuel and ECG reforming has been developed at Rubin Central Design Bureau MT, which makes it possible to avoid hydrogen storage on board submarines. It is assumed that the VNEU module will be made in the form of a submarine compartment with the possibility of integration into the submarine (prototype BTE-50K).
JSC SPMBM "Malachite" since the mid-1990s. conducted studies of VNEU with a heat engine in a closed cycle. Together with the Military Engineering and Technical University, experimental installations were created with diesel engines with a capacity of 10 and 100 kW in a semi-closed cycle with the removal of excess combustion products into the atmosphere. Together with CJSC Turbocon, VNEU was developed with a high-temperature steam turbine operating in a closed cycle. Currently, the VNEU project with a closed-cycle gas turbine engine (GTE ZTs) is being developed, which is a further development of the closed-cycle diesel generator technology.
Therefore, it seems to me that it is premature to talk about the uselessness of VNEU.

[Aviator_]

Alexander, all this, "of course, is noble" (don Sera), but the output is about the same as from a controlled fusion.

[Flooding]

Quote: Thrifty

With conventional diesels? VNEU never gave birth???

Even if VNEU had already been tested, it would have been too late for this ship for a long time.
It's not wallpaper re-pasting.

[bayard]

Yes, all these VNEUs are already irrelevant, it is impossible to get the necessary power, and the price and complexity of operation bring the price tag into space. The Japanese have already found a solution - LIAB instead of lead-zinc, and a charge for 20 days of underwater travel. He surfaced in a safe place, charged the batteries from a diesel engine, and you can dive for another 20 days. And speed under water on an electric run of 20 knots in low noise mode.
In our case, the only problem is that LIABs are safe enough for such submarines. Now a large plant is being built in the Russian Federation for the production of such LIABs for the vehicles of the future. They are going to transfer all city transport to the electric course. And if so, then the safety of such batteries should be brought to a sufficiently high level. Here and put them. And our Ladas and Kalinas will become much more dangerous than American MAPLs, because they are an order of magnitude less noisy, but with good HAKs and new torpedoes.

[Flooding]

Quote: bayard

Yes, all these VNEUs are already irrelevant, it is impossible to get the necessary power

I wouldn't be so categorical.
Considerable work has been done on VNEU.
I fully admit that they will find application in the Navy.

[bayard]

The received power of such VNEU turned out to be several times lower than expected. That is why the idea came up to resume the "Baby" project with such a VNEU, because it (VNEU) in power corresponds only to such a class of submarines. And it's not only our developers who have this problem.
And most importantly, when topics began with VNEU (of various types), there were no LIABs of such a capacity yet, they had not yet been put on cars. What difference does it make that the submarine has an ultra-expensive VNEU of insufficient power and difficulty in maintenance ... Again, ANY engine on board the submarine will make noise and unmask it. And the submarine has the best low-noise mode when it goes under water on a battery-powered electric motor. Now it is possible to make the capacity of this battery an order of magnitude higher than that of the old lead-zinc ones. And if you can, so why fence the garden??
Now drones fly to the LIAB, and even small aircraft. Cars are driving. And not only cars, but also trucks, and buses / trolleybuses. So why should SPs be an exception?
The Japanese were the first to launch such submarines in a series. Following them, the South Koreans began to equip their submarines with the same batteries ... Do you understand WHAT is 21 days of underwater autonomous mode on a single charge? With such autonomy, you don’t want any nuclear power plant anymore - when, in addition to batteries, there is diesel and a sufficient supply of fuel on board.
And do not forget that Japan has territorial claims against the Russian Federation, has one of the most powerful fleets in the world and is our closest (!) Neighbor in the Far East. If they have such submarines, but we won't, this is a critical advantage that can level ... a lot for us. A diesel-electric submarine is MUCH quieter than any submarine and even a submarine with VNEU.
We have an excellent diesel-electric submarine - "Lada" in all respects (except for battery capacity). And the refusal to launch it into the series was utter nonsense - "I don't need new brains on the old energy" ... Or sabotage. The Lada has an excellent HAK, with which it repeatedly detected and conditionally destroyed enemy Sea-Wolfs and Virginias in the Northern Fleet from the acoustic invisibility mode. Even on the "old energy".
And with the new LIAB, it will be capable of much more, at a much greater distance from its own bases, and submarines with such autonomy will be able to completely replace the MAPLs that we lack so much in intercepting enemy submarines and in working on communications. At the same time, they will be much less noticeable than submarines.

Quote: Flood

Considerable work has been done on VNEU.

But they were not crowned with success.

Quote: Flood

I fully admit that they will find application in the Navy.

Only on the Malyutka-class submarine. For more of their power is not enough.
And stop praying for a "breakthrough" at VNEU, over which they have been fighting for more than 25 years (with us) without any acceptable result. With LIAB, everything is solved much easier and more reliably.
The only question is the reliability and trouble-free (in a critical sense) of such batteries. This is what needs to be worked on.

[Flooding]

Quote: bayard

The received power of such VNEU turned out to be several times lower than expected.

First, not multiple times.
Secondly, this news with a beard.
More than one year has passed since then.
And the work continued.
It is quite possible, as reported two years ago, by the end of 2023 there will be a finished product.

[bayard]

Quote: Flood

It is quite possible, as reported two years ago, by the end of 2023 there will be a finished product.

Let's wait for this joyful news and rejoice together.
I still see that "the stone flower does not come out." And due to the unavailability of the power plant, a very good in all other respects submarines do not go into production, instead of which the "Warsaws" from the last century in the export version are put into service.
If Japan, which is neither backward, nor "not capable of the Navy", nor poor, has abandoned the VNEU in favor of the LIAB, then this fact should not be dismissed.

[bk0010]

Quote: bayard

And our Ladas and Kalinas will become much more dangerous than American MAPLs

No non-nuclear submarines can compare with nuclear submarines: the Americans fought duels, non-nuclear boats won only by chance.

Quote: bayard

but with good HAK and new torpedoes.

There were specialists on the site on these issues, they said that everything is very sad with this. Even if there is something new, good, it is not accepted into service.

[DenVB]

Quote: bk0010

Americans fought duels, non-nuclear boats won only by chance

And what happened during these duels?

[bayard]

Quote: DenVB

And what happened during these duels?

American submarines usually lost.

[bk0010]

Quote: DenVB

And what happened during these duels?

Due to the more powerful engine, the nuclear submarines completely determined the course of the fight (range, speed). The submarine only won if it launched torpedoes from a successful ambush. After these tests, the states completely abandoned non-nuclear submarines.

[bayard]

Quote: bk0010

Americans held duels, non-nuclear boats won only by chance.

Everything is exactly the opposite - non-nuclear submarines almost always outperformed submarines in a duel situation in all exercises in which the United States involved diesel-electric submarines and submarines with VNEU of their allies.
The United States has relied only on submarines only because their submarines need to ensure a constant presence on all oceans and water areas of the world's oceans. And here nuclear energy is clearly preferable.

Quote: bk0010

There were specialists on the site on these issues, they said that everything is very sad with this.

It was sad until recently. Now, new torpedoes have gone into service, in no way inferior to the best torpedoes of the USA and France. And they are already equipping the new "Varshavyanka".

[Boa kaa]

Quote: bayard

all these VNEU are already irrelevant

Crap! but on Malachite, the men don’t even know ... They saw, poor fellows, a closed-cycle gas turbine ... They call it VNEU ... And the Rubinists sculpt their product based on ECG ... They also don’t see that their development is not needed by a colleague Bayard.
And the bottom line is that to make AB like Mitsubishi's - fire-shock-safe - we, apparently, will not be able to do it soon, but to protect the 500M sea zone (near sea), oh, how you need it, right now!
About the plant for the production of LIAB. The plant of the Yelets JSC Energia will produce 50 ABs per month (1 elec-t 48V-202a/h) for transport purposes. There is also production in Dagestan and Novosibirsk. But our products are 40% more expensive than whales.
There was already a message that Kronstadt would receive a new AB twice as powerful as it was in St. Petersburg.
The fact that the VNEU century will still last is also evidenced by the fact that, unlike the Yaps, the Koreans left AIP on their KSS III of the second series. This allows you to recharge the AB without floating under the RDP, which certainly increases the secrecy of the NNS.

[bayard]

Quote: Boa constrictor KAA

Crap! but on Malachite, the men don’t even know ... They are sawing, poor fellows, a closed-cycle gas turbine ...

Give it to Ahura Mazda, so that they cut not only the budget. No joke, because if they finish it - honor and praise.
But.
If it is technically possible to replace lead batteries with LIAB and thereby solve the issue of autonomy, then such a solution will be simpler / more obvious / faster and cheaper.
Moreover, everything that is lazy is now equipped with such batteries, from smartphones, UAVs and marine drones, to cars and industrial drives. The technology is developing, it is in demand in many industries, and this direction will continue to develop even without orders from the Fleet. But since there is such an opportunity, why not take advantage of what is already available and not produce entities?
Of course, having carried out all the necessary R&D for safety and survivability.

Quote: Boa constrictor KAA

But our products are 40% more expensive than whales.

At the moment, after European and American car manufacturers left our market, it is the Chinese who enter our car market and offer to put their models on our conveyors, incl. electric vehicles. So it is logical to expand / create new LIAB production facilities. The problem must be solved comprehensively.

Quote: Boa constrictor KAA

Koreans on their KSS III of the second series still left AIP.

However, there was information that the Koreans were going to install the same LIABs on their new submarine, like the Japanese. The first submarine of the Yaps with such batteries was launched not so long ago and they ALREADY abandoned VNEU in favor of them.

Quote: Boa constrictor KAA

but to protect the 500M sea zone (near sea), oh, as needed,

Need . That is why "Warsaws" are being built in an export version. Although it would be much more correct to launch the Lada. Albeit without VNEU or LIAB, but with a new GAK, BIUS and weapons.

[DenVB]

Quote: bayard

instead of lead-zinc

Do such batteries exist?

[g1v2]

At Lad they are not planned. All statements about VNEU on Ladakh were spoken of as a possibility. Like in the future, etc. In fact, if there is VNEU, then it will be on a completely different boat.
Here it is necessary to finish this one and finally debug the production. So that the Admiralty shipyards can saw the Frets at the same speed with which the Varshavyanka saw. Of course, Varshavyanki will also do their job, but at the heart of them is still the old Soviet Halibut. And Lada is already a completely new project, much more compact and automated. We are waiting for the moment when it is finally debugged and put on stream. The example of Varshavyanka shows that when it is necessary, AB is quite capable of building a pair of diesel-electric submarines in 2 years. And it would be nice for us and at the Black Sea Fleet with the Pacific Fleet to build a second six diesel-electric submarines. Yes, and in the SF a pair of sixes Lad will be better than one. But in the Baltic, in my opinion, something even more compact is needed. It is already a submarine cemetery, so with the entry of Sweden and Finland into NATO and the shallow depth of our submarines, it will be extremely difficult there. NATO Poseidons will patrol everything they can.

[storm]

developed for the Russian Navy a small non-nuclear submarine of the Piranha family of project P-750B. It will also be equipped with an air-independent (anaerobic) power plant.

[bukhach]

And how many are planned in the series, or is that all?

[Thrifty]

Bukhach - in the series it is planned as in a good soap opera, a multi-episode, in short, but in real life it turns out to be a short film. ...

[bukhach]

But, perhaps, in the light of recent events and Putin's promises made in the festive speech, there will be a multi-part series and the USC will please the fleet, and us too.

[Flooding]

Quote: Buhach

And how many are planned in the series, or is that all?

Should be a good series.
No wonder the head was in trial operation for 11 years.
And with this tormented.
How much can you rivet 636.
It's time to take care of successors.

[Leshak]

I hope for the long-term troubles of this square are over. Long and trouble-free service for the benefit of Russia. So that the number of dives is equal to the number of ascents.

[UAZ 452]

But VNEU did not exist, and still does not exist ...

[Ryaruav]

the body if there were no freelance loads on it during this time, nothing, the main stuffing, let's hope it is at a high level

[1984]

in the mid-30s, if I’m not mistaken, there was an interesting project for a submarine that used aluminum as a fuel for underwater travel, I wonder if anyone later developed this topic in Soviet submarine building, and if not, why not? Let me explain, here are the main advantages of aluminum: 1- high energy intensity, a kilogram of aluminum, when burned in oxygen, releases 2 times more energy than gasoline, 2- the absence of gaseous combustion products that are difficult to deal with on a submarine, exhaust gases need to be stored or spent somewhere on their release and sacrifice secrecy, when burning aluminum, solid oxides are formed, in fact silicate sand, which occupy very little space by volume, 3- the availability of aluminum and ease of handling, the aluminum industry is not a hydrogen energy industry that you still need to create, 4 - safety of transportation and storage, who thinks?

[Vlodek]

high energy intensity, a kilogram of aluminum, when burned in oxygen, releases 2 times more energy than gasoline

in oxygen ... where can I get so much of it in a boat?

[1984]

in high-pressure cylinders, or in liquid form, in any case, submarines with anaerobic installations, whether German or Swedish or Japanese, cannot do without liquid oxygen, aluminum is a replacement for hydrogen, which is much more difficult and dangerous to store, you can, of course, burn ordinary diesel or gas as the Swedes who seem to have stirlings, but then there is a problem with gaseous combustion products, they must be disposed of somehow, which again adds complexity to the design and operation ...

[DenVB]

Quote: 1984

who thinks what?

We think it's interesting in theory. Has anyone tried to implement it?

[silver_roman]

Only now there is no VNEU, which is extremely bad.

[garik77]

What engine? Diesel or anaerobic?

[AAK]

Without a VNU, such a boat is even less useful to the fleet than the Varshavyanka, given the limited ammunition due to half the displacement

[Vladimir Michailovich]

Given the current situation, in my opinion, it is necessary to create and put into service small submarines with a displacement of 500-700 tons, intended exclusively for service in coastal areas. The priority is low noise, so autonomy is 10 days, a crew of 10 people. .Single-hull design-4 406 mm TA, mines for 4-8 anti-ship missiles of the Uranus type - everything should be cheap and cheerful. 20 such submarines and the Black Sea are closed.