"Stand and die"! Battle of Ostrovno

39


Invasion


On the night of June 11-12 (23–24), 1812, Napoleon's Great Army crossed the Neman. The crossing of 220 thousand soldiers of the Great Army near Kovno took four days. There was no resistance from the Russians. Napoleon planned to bypass, force a decisive battle and defeat the main enemy forces near the border. On June 16 (28) Vilna was occupied without a fight.



Intelligence informed Napoleon in Vilna that the main Russian forces were withdrawing to the northeast, and large enemy forces were also located in the south. The French emperor moved Murat's cavalry (1st, 1nd and 2rd cavalry corps), Oudinot's 3nd corps and Ney's 2rd corps against the 3st Russian army. Davout's 1st Corps was allocated against Bagration.

It is worth noting that problems began almost immediately in the Great Army, which could soon develop into a crisis and catastrophe (which happened later). Thus, communications quickly stretched out, the troops got tired, the soldiers lagged behind their units, became deserters and marauders, and formed into international gangs. The army quickly dissolved in the vastness of Russia. The calculation for the replenishment of reserves at the expense of the Russians did not materialize. Russian troops, leaving, destroyed warehouses, supplies. Due to the lack of fodder, the horses began to die. The motivation of some troops, especially German and Italian, was low. A large army was strong, but lost the speed and maneuverability traditional for the early Napoleon. The French emperor had to abandon the idea of ​​a quick pursuit and encirclement of the 1st Army, confining himself to the encirclement plan of the 2nd Army. Davout's faction is getting stronger.

Napoleon stayed in Vilna for 18 days. On the one hand, he hoped for Tsar Alexander's offer of peace. On the other hand, a new plan had to be developed. It was not possible to defeat the Russians in one general battle in the Vilna region. The Russians refused to fight and retreated. It was also necessary to create a rear base for a further offensive, to pull up troops. The 20-day supply of food and fodder, taken with him, is over. There were few local funds to replenish stocks. We urgently had to create warehouses in Kovno, Olita, Grodno, Vilga and other places. Transport supplies from Warsaw, Pultusk, Modlin, Thorn and other cities. However, this business required resources, time and troops (small garrisons, guards on communications, etc.).

Napoleon could not create a solid base in Lithuania. He wanted to get people and provisions there for the war. A provisional Lithuanian government was created - the “Commission of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania”. The Provisional Government immediately received the task of creating 5 infantry and 4 cavalry regiments. Did not work out. The peasants refused additional requisitions, started a people's war. They did not follow the instructions of the authorities, they attacked the estates and French foragers. The Lithuanian nobles themselves had to ask for military protection from the Commission, there was no formation of Lithuanian regiments. In addition, when the first news of the failures of the French troops appeared, the ardor of the Lithuanian nobles to create the Grand Duchy faded. This forced Napoleon to create his own military administration in Lithuania, headed by the Governor-General Hogendorp.

"Stand and die"! Battle of Ostrovno

Russian campaign of 1812. Drawing from 1896

1 Army Retreat


The Russian Emperor Alexander Pavlovich received news of the crossing of the French army at the Bennigsen estate, where a ball was held. The troops of the 1st army of Barclay de Tolly, which was located from the Baltic to Lida, were ordered to concentrate at Sventsyan. The 2nd Army of Bagration and Platov's corps were to go on the offensive and strike at the flank and rear of the enemy army. True, how Bagration with a 45th army could defeat the enemy, who had twice the strength of both Russian armies, and another army of the enemy (Jerome Napoleon) on the tail, Alexander and his "brilliant" foreign environment ("The war will be played out against the interests of France and Russia") did not think.

Bagration showed prudence and did not fall into a trap, he was able to slip away between the hammer and the anvil - the powerful corps of Davout and the troops of Jerome (How Platov's Cossacks defeated the Polish cavalry division in the battle near Mir; Battle of Saltanovka).

By June 19 (July 1), Barclay de Tolly's 1st Army was concentrated in Sventsyany. Dokhturov's group: the 6th Infantry Corps and the 3rd Reserve Cavalry Corps of Palen, went to Oshmyany. Barclay, having received more accurate information about the strength of the enemy, abandons the idea of ​​​​a general battle and orders to retreat to the Drissa fortified camp. The withdrawal began on June 21 (July 3). Russian troops retreated without fighting. Murat acted very cautiously and soon lost contact with the Russians.


Drissa camp


By June 29 (July 11), Barclay de Tolly's army was concentrated in the Drissa camp. Soon the corps of Dokhturov and Palen came here. In addition, in this camp, the 1st Army received reinforcements of about 10 thousand people. According to the pre-war plan of the Prussian General Pfuel: the 1st Army, relying on the Dris camp, was supposed to contain the enemy, and the 2nd Army was to act on his flank and rear. But then it became clear that this plan was wretched. With the implementation of this idea, the camp became a trap for the Russian army, it was doomed to blockade and death (surrender). Napoleon had such large forces that he could easily block Barclay's army and at the same time defeat Bagration's army. Then the 1st Army was doomed. It was a trap.

Sovereign Alexander Pavlovich arrived at the Drissa camp on June 26 (July 8). He was going to carry out the Pfuel plan and give the French a general battle here. However, the Prussian officer in the Russian service Karl Clausewitz and Barclay de Tolly expressed their doubts about this camp. The commander of the 1st Russian Army received information about the size of the enemy and refused to fight in such conditions. Clausewitz called the camp a trap. The news also came that Bagration's army could not break through and was leaving for Bobruisk.

On July 1 (13), 1812, Pfuel's plan was rejected at a military council. Barclay strongly opposed the battle in Drissa and demanded the connection of the two armies. He was supported by Bennigsen. Yermolov believed that the position in Drissa during the offensive of Napoleon was meaningless, he proposed to go on the counteroffensive and "fight with all cruelty." This made it possible to stop the enemy and connect with Bagration. General Chernyshev noted that the defeat would lead to a crisis of statehood. It is necessary to retreat, create a new line of defense, prepare reserves and only then counterattack. Arakcheev offered to leave the camp and fight in another more convenient place. Other military leaders were also against the Drissa camp. Alexander was convinced.

On July 4 (16), the troops receive an order to advance to Polotsk. On July 6 the army was in Polotsk. Here it became clear that the enemy would not go to the capital. To protect the St. Petersburg direction, the 1st Corps of Wittgenstein was allocated. At the same time, a decision is made to convene the militia - the second reserve army, the "second wall" ("People's Armament" in the Patriotic War). The Danube army of Chichagov (she covered the Danube direction) was ordered to go to the connection with the 3rd army of Tormasov. The combined forces of Tormasov and Chichagov were to act on the flank of the enemy army.

Thus, almost all the pre-war plans of the Russian command were violated.

Departure to Vitebsk


Meanwhile, Napoleon developed a new plan. He realized that the Russians would not allow themselves to be squeezed in Drissa. It was necessary to avoid the connection of the two Russian armies. Therefore, Murat had to distract the enemy. Guards - 4th and 6th Corps, were transferred to the right bank of the Dvina between Disna and Polotsk in order to block Barclay's path to Vitebsk and Smolensk. The 1st Army had to either accept the battle or leave for Pskov. At the same time, Davout and Jerome were to intensify their actions against Bagration.

However, this plan was not implemented either due to the skillful actions of the Russian commanders and the slowness of the corps of the Great Army.

July 9 Napoleon receives newsthat Russian troops left Polotsk and go east, to Vitebsk. As a result, the efforts made were useless, the bypass march was disrupted. The French commander orders accelerated marches to go to Vitebsk.

July 7 (19) Barclay receives a message about the enemy's withdrawal to Glubokoe. He immediately understands that the French army is making a deep detour and decides to quickly retreat to Vitebsk. Before the performance of Russian troops from Polotsk, the Russian emperor leaves the army and leaves for the capital. The reason for the departure was a report compiled by Arakcheev, Balashov and Shishkov on the need for his presence in the rear to organize reserve forces. However, having left the army, the emperor did not appoint a commander-in-chief of all forces. As a result, Barclay de Tolly, Bagration and Tormasov became independent commanders.

On July 11 (23), Barclay's army reached Vitebsk. The commander decides to stop in order to give the troops a rest, replenish supplies and wait for the arrival of Dokhturov's group. There was also hope for a speedy connection with Bagration. The 3rd, 4th and 5th infantry and 1st cavalry corps crossed to the left bank of the Dvina and settled on the road to Beshenkovichi. The 2nd Infantry and 2nd Cavalry Corps remained on the right bank of the Dvina. The approaching 6th Infantry and 3rd Cavalry Corps were to stand on the Polotsk road. Having received incorrect information about the occupation of Bagration's troops by Mogilev, Barclay sends an order to the 12nd Army on the night of July 13-2 to begin offensive operations between the Berezina and the Dnieper. This made it possible to stop the enemy's movement towards Orsha and Smolensk and speed up the connection of the two armies.

The beginning of the Vitebsk battle


On July 12 (24), 1812, French troops approached Beshenkovichi. Napoleon orders to speed up the withdrawal of troops to Vitebsk, intending to start a general battle.

At the forefront of the Great Army were two cavalry and one infantry corps - about 25 thousand soldiers with 70 guns. In turn, Barclay de Tolly, having received information about the appearance of the enemy on the left bank of the Dvina, ordered the commander of the 4th Infantry Corps, Alexander Osterman-Tolstoy, to advance towards Beshenkovichi. The corps, which had two infantry divisions (11th and 23rd), was reinforced by two hussar regiments, one brigade of dragoons and a company of horse artillery. Russian forces numbered up to 14 thousand people with 66 guns. Our troops were to block the road to Vitebsk and delay the French until Dokhturov approached.

On the night of July 12-13 (24–25) July, a few kilometers from Vitebsk, the advanced Life Guards Hussar and Nezhinsky Dragoon Regiments met enemy patrols from the Nansouti corps, overturned them and pursued to Ostrovno (about 25 km west of Vitebsk). Pire's cavalry brigade entered the battle near Ostrovno. She overturned the Russian cavalry and captured 6 horse battery guns. Osterman-Tolstoy launched another hussar regiment into the attack, deployed the infantry and threw the enemy back to Ostrovna. At this time, Marshal Murat arrives in Ostrovno with the 1st Hussar Division of General Bruyère and the 1st Cuirassier Division of General Saint-Germain.

Osterman-Tolstoy took up positions 1 km from Ostrovno, deploying his corps in two lines across the road to Vitebsk. In the first line stood the 11th, and in the second the 23rd infantry divisions and cavalry. The wings rested against the swampy forest, besides, the right wing was covered by the Western Dvina. That is, the French could not bypass our troops. Murat built his divisions and went on the attack. Due to the narrowness of the position and the lack of infantry, the French commander could not fully use the numerical advantage. The French had to attack head-on.

The Russian battalions lined up on the road in a square and fought off the onslaught of the enemy cavalry. A fierce battle went on all day. Russian artillery shot through the road, inflicting heavy losses on the French cavalry huddled along it. In turn, the French artillery inflicted great damage on our forward units.

S. N. Glinka in "Notes on 1812" noted:

“The enemy artillery thundered furiously and pulled out entire ranks of the brave Russian regiments. It was difficult to transport our guns, the charges were fired, they fell silent. They ask the count: "What to do?" “Nothing,” he replies, “to stand and die!”

Russian troops tried to counterattack through the forest, but their attacks were repelled by French artillery fire. The French lost 4 guns during this day. The 13th infantry division of Delson from the corps of Eugene Beauharnais did not help the French either. By the end of the day, the cavalry units of Uvarov's 1st Cavalry Corps approached. Under their cover, the Russian infantry withdrew to the village of Kakuvyachina (Kukovyachino).


Lithograph according to fig. A. Adam. 1830s Battle of Ostrovno

July 26


The battle near Ostrovno delayed the advance of the enemy army, which made it possible to concentrate all the forces of the 1st Army. Barclay decided to give battle at Vitebsk. To prepare positions and deploy the army, it was necessary to delay the enemy. The 4rd Infantry Division of General Pyotr Konovnitsyn (3rd Corps) is moving forward to replace the 3th Corps. At dawn on July 14, there was a change of units. Corps Osterman-Tolstoy now formed a rearguard.

The troops of the Konovnitsyn division took up a position behind a ravine near the village of Kokuvyachina (8 km from Ostrovno). Ahead of the position was a deep ravine, the right flank was covered by the Dvina, and the left by a dense marshy forest. In the morning, the divisions of Nansouty and Delzon went on the attack. The main blow was inflicted on the left wing. The advance of the French, despite the double superiority in forces, was still held back by the fire of Russian artillery and the difficult terrain that interfered with the actions of the cavalry. Also, the Russians on the right wing themselves attacked and overturned the enemy. Murat himself had to lead the Polish lancers into battle, while the generals put the battered units in order.

Barclay sent reinforcements - the 1st Grenadier Division from the 3rd Corps. The Russian troops were led by the commander of the 3rd Infantry Corps Nikolai Tuchkov. At about 2 pm, Napoleon personally arrived at the battlefield and led the troops. By 3 o'clock, the French were able to break through the Russian defenses and began to push them towards the village of Komary. In addition, the Russians had a mess in command.

The Chief of Staff of the 1st Army, General Yermolov, wrote:

“Neither the courage of the troops, nor the fearlessness of General Konovnitsyn himself could keep them. Our overturned arrows quickly retreated in droves. General Konovnitsyn, indignant that General Tuchkov took command of the troops, did not care about restoring order, the latter did not heed the importance of the circumstances and did not provide the necessary activities. I gave them the idea of ​​the need to bring the troops out of confusion and turn to the device.

The battle near the village of Komary lasted until 5 o'clock. Then the Russians withdrew to the village of Dobreika. Tuchkov withdrew troops across the Luchesy (Luchosy) River to join the army.


Map of rearguard battles near Vitebsk in 1812

July 27


At this time, the 1st Army took up positions behind the Luchesa, resting its right wing against the Western Dvina and closing with a forest on the left wing. But in the early morning of July 15 (27), a messenger from Bagration rushed to the headquarters of the 1st Army with the message that he was going to Smolensk. And the captives reported that Napoleon himself was standing against Barclay with a 150-strong army. Twice as many as ours. The military council decides to retreat to Smolensk. Russian troops begin preparations for withdrawal.

The withdrawal of the army was covered by a detachment of Peter Palen - 7 thousand soldiers with 40 guns. The Russians took up a position 8 km from Vitebsk, near Dobreika. The troops were located in two lines. Napoleon threw into the attack the Nansouty cavalry and the Delzon division - 23 thousand soldiers with 70 guns. The battle lasted from early morning until 3 pm. Then our troops retreated across the Lechesa River. The loss of the Russian army in a 3-day battle is about 3,7 thousand people, the French - 3,7 thousand soldiers.

Napoleon believed that the stubborn resistance of the Russians indicated that the enemy was ready for a decisive battle near Vitebsk and was not going to retreat. But in the afternoon of 15 (27) July and at night of 16 (28) July, the Russian army left towards Smolensk. Palen's rear guard and the forest covered the withdrawal of the army. July 22 (August 3) Russian armies united in Smolensk. It was a major strategic success of the Russian command.

Thus, Napoleon could not impose a decisive battle on the Russian army on his own terms and defeat the two Russian armies separately. The Russian army remained combat-ready and was eager to give a decisive battle to the enemy.

At the same time, the condition of the French army deteriorated significantly during this march. The French could not even pursue Barclay's army. General Belliard, when asked by the emperor about the condition of the cavalry, answered simply:

"Six more days of march and the cavalry will be gone."

After a council of war, Napoleon decided to halt any further advance into Russia. In Vitebsk he said:

“Here I will stop! Here I must look around, rest the army and organize Poland. The 1812 campaign is over; the 1813 campaign will complete the rest."


George Doe. Portrait of Alexander Ivanovich Osterman-Tolstoy. 1825 Military gallery of the Winter Palace
Our news channels

Subscribe and stay up to date with the latest news and the most important events of the day.

39 comments
Information
Dear reader, to leave comments on the publication, you must sign in.
  1. +2
    28 July 2022 07: 39
    Author, where did 1821 come from? Do you read what you write?
    1. +10
      28 July 2022 07: 44
      Most likely this is not the author, but the one who typed the text. It has long been noticed that there are no proofreaders on the resource, those who proofread the text before publication
      1. +1
        28 July 2022 07: 52
        At the very beginning, such a blunder, the appetite disappears read on. wink
        1. +3
          28 July 2022 08: 15
          When typing, my fingers were ahead of my thoughts, I managed to confuse the numbers.
        2. 0
          1 August 2022 09: 19
          So work as a proofreader, because if your appetite is gone, then you don’t even need to comment because of such nonsense, my opinion. And the text makes it clear that the battle could, but did not develop into Gettysburg.
    2. Fat
      +9
      28 July 2022 08: 14
      If you notice an error, you can put it in front of the moderators by clicking on the corresponding button under the article. Everyone admits typos, and this is not a reason for "collision"
    3. 0
      1 August 2022 02: 16
      Quote: vladimmiroff
      where did 1821 come from?

      And I stopped being surprised. This may not be a "slip" at all, but the complete confidence of the afftor. Today I was reading an opus on VK that almost threw me out ... Such an author, in all seriousness, told military history lovers that Denmark, Norway and Sweden (oh how!) did not resist the German troops and therefore the Germans left their armies and they even allowed R&D to be carried out on armored vehicles and scratched, scratched to describe Swedish tanks of the Second World War period ...
  2. +5
    28 July 2022 08: 15
    A very revealing article about the fact that strategy decides a lot and numerical superiority is a secondary indicator. The coherence of the troops sometimes gives a multiple advantage, all other things being equal. I would like to hope that the events of that history are remembered by the current Russian military leaders and strategists!
    1. 0
      1 August 2022 09: 21
      I don’t agree a damn thing, the god of war is on the side of large battalions, the question is a one-time entry into the battle, the terrain did not allow the enemy to do this, and ours were smart enough to use it.
  3. +3
    28 July 2022 09: 03
    Alexander! Either you or your proofreader decide - either "Vilna" or "Vilna". The name Vilna was until 1919. From 1919 to 1939 - Vilna. Unpretentious. But somehow...
  4. +2
    28 July 2022 09: 51
    the only war in the history of Russia - started in the summer, beautiful and without local disasters. The analogy with the "two balls" that Napoleon "rolled" in the summer of 1812 is very accurate, he could not keep them at a distance. The author sharpens rear problems excessively. Logistics in the summer of 1812 worked well for the French. Separate whining of the French generals, a simple attempt to justify themselves for failures at the front. Separately, about the role of this idiot Romanov. Under Austelitsa, who almost ruined the army. He was "convinced", this parricide and a ram, by the forces of all reasonable generals .. "convinced" !! what would he bring down to Petersburg, "organize the rear", resourceful. Otherwise, he would again leave the EMPIRE WITHOUT AN ARMY
    1. 0
      29 July 2022 13: 21
      Write terrible things: Arakcheev is a reasonable general. All progressive mankind will rise up against))))
      1. 0
        29 July 2022 14: 46
        Basically, any objections?
      2. 0
        1 August 2022 09: 22
        Yes, he is a terrible general, this Arakcheev, can you imagine, he did not take bribes
        1. +2
          1 August 2022 09: 42
          That is, he did not live according to concepts and interfered with the flow of financial flows in the right directions. So who is he after that? So the whole advanced part of the opposition did not like him.
  5. +2
    28 July 2022 10: 52
    They ask the count: "What to do?" “Nothing,” he replies, “to stand and die!”

    In fact, this is an example of the terrible contempt of the noble commander for his serfs-soldiers: they say, "women still give birth."
    And the inability of this commander to fight. You need a lot of mind - aimlessly keeping soldiers under grapeshot fire? Not in the attack of people to lose, not in repelling the onslaught of the enemy in hand-to-hand combat - just like that.
    Tolstoy has exactly the same picture in the episode of the death of Andrei Bolkonsky: the regiment stands bravely and dies under the blows of French artillery. No one has the intelligence or the courage to take the responsibility of giving the order to pull him aside.
    1. +3
      28 July 2022 11: 00
      Imagine it was necessary to stand and die, start the withdrawal and the enemy will throw in the attack the cavalry, which will chop everyone into cabbage and the soldier is not a serf, this is a sovereign man.
    2. +1
      28 July 2022 11: 49
      what you said, it seems to you, in the 21st century. Then another war and weapons and rules. Open formation or bayonet, on the "square", do you think there would be fewer losses? Or "standing"? Everything happened at a distance of tens and a maximum of hundreds of meters from each other. Weapons that shoot at ten meters, guns at two hundred and so on. By the way, in War and Peace, ALLOWED TO SIT, if I'm not mistaken
      1. 0
        1 August 2022 09: 31
        Who told you such nonsense about guns? If you don’t know, just ask, the cannons completely hit a kilometer aimingly, and if you remember Lev Nikolaevich, he says that under Borodino, half of Bolkonsky lost a third without entering the battle. Who are they. Well, let the author's invention. could inflict losses? Tolstoy knew the veterans of that war, and he himself fought.
        As for the open system, so you, my friend, are carrying stupidity, the most difficult type of battle is retreat. The square helps to shoot in one gulp and mow down the horses in the first place. The horse, somersaulting in pain, stops another horse behind him, the second one simply stumbles over it. Shooting at riders in a square is utter nonsense. A horse, like a target, is stupidly bigger, do you catch it, gentleman from Odessa?
        For this reason, the square was attacked in the corner of the formation, even the wiring was like this, two squadrons attacked in front, one into one wall, the other into another, and the third cut the corner.
        And I have a question, have you ever ridden a horse? Do you know what she can do with her speed?
        1. 0
          1 August 2022 13: 45
          there is hope that, - an archaeologist "Crimean who is not aware of the most important archaeological finds in the Crimea, a bearded security guard who lends as much as 60, a boozer and now, as it turns out, a military expert .... will lag behind? Or contact the administrator?
          1. 0
            1 August 2022 15: 12
            Address, than decided to scare? You called me a boozer, illiterate because you found something there, let's sue in the administration, illiterate creature. Where are you climbing. How does a gun differ from a howitzer in the know?
            1. 0
              1 August 2022 15: 34
              of course I don’t know, this task is only feasible for drunks, to know the difference
              1. 0
                1 August 2022 15: 52
                So come on getcha, what are you doing? Threat sour? Do not flood the topic, it is not for you, you don’t even know the difference between a grenade and a bomb.
                1. 0
                  1 August 2022 16: 08
                  you're really just a classic type for a psychiatry textbook. And then I don’t know, and this and that and horses and cows and gophers, but you ... a storehouse. How is it yourself?
                  1. 0
                    1 August 2022 16: 34
                    Really you are fabulous from the movie Down House. You think I haven’t seen enough of such troll behavior, what can you say about the battle? Dude, you probably call a two-cornered hat a cocked hat, I'm more than sure.
                    1. 0
                      1 August 2022 16: 39
                      a serf of fat, an archaeologist, a military expert and .. of course a boozer, this is a subjective assumption - I propose to end this fool by arranging word-throwing here. I realized that all the defeats in the history of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Ingushetia and the USSR were not appreciated by you, AND LIKE YOU. Hryapny that you're there ... and finish
                      1. 0
                        1 August 2022 16: 41
                        You want to finish, you see, not all the pimples were squeezed out.
                      2. 0
                        1 August 2022 16: 44
                        yes, I want you, as an exemplary doctor, you have already outlined everything about yourself in our early discussions. Stupid and imagined does not lend itself, even in any way, even to the Zuya world fame, to the parking lot. ha ha ha
                      3. 0
                        1 August 2022 16: 50
                        So squeezed out? Kiik-koba is not a Zui camp. there is no such thing in historiography, the dolt of the king of heaven, and of world significance we have Ak Kaya, which is east of Zuya and the Wolf's Grotto, east of Simferopol, everything is a pancake.
                      4. 0
                        1 August 2022 17: 17
                        at the university, they asked about you, "well, the surname is well-known at the Moscow sorting station - Sidorenko", ha haha, so no one remembered at 2 departments, they laughed, they say "on the way, after the university, they drink a lot and they exacerbations from unfulfillment in life
                      5. 0
                        2 August 2022 07: 41
                        Yeah, because I didn’t ask, well, who did you ask, I listed the names, some teachers still know my parents. About the lack of implementation is generally funny. Tell me about yourself, you realized pimply kid.
        2. 0
          1 August 2022 14: 09
          uncontrollable emotions, completely distracted attention - apparently alcohol and of course the manic insert "about yourself", almost feminine. It's about you serf Pan Salo, ha ha ha
          1. 0
            1 August 2022 15: 14
            Will you show this to the admins too? I’m saying that the mass of the inhabitants of Odessa were obscene during my only visit to this city, here is one example of a snitch and a stupid blackmailer.
            1. 0
              1 August 2022 15: 37
              I joked, don’t drive, how can you, mock a sick little man who imagines himself to be "a figure equal to Churchill" "
              1. 0
                1 August 2022 15: 55
                And they say that Odessans have a great sense of humor, probably about those who lived a hundred years ago.
                1. 0
                  1 August 2022 16: 05
                  what kind of humor can be with you? figure it out yourself
                  1. 0
                    1 August 2022 16: 31
                    I don't want to run into a second warning, but I have the answer, you can roughly guess.
    3. 0
      1 August 2022 09: 23
      Does he puff in the rear? My friend, you would take an interest in the general's martyrology at Borodino. What is ours what is French.
  6. +1
    28 July 2022 20: 35
    Thanks to the author! The topic is harsh and raised for the third time since the time of Napoleon. My 5 kopecks about Dokhturov's group (6th corps of Barclay's army), memories from a participant.
    http://militera.lib.ru/memo/1/all/m/n65061/index.html

"Right Sector" (banned in Russia), "Ukrainian Insurgent Army" (UPA) (banned in Russia), ISIS (banned in Russia), "Jabhat Fatah al-Sham" formerly "Jabhat al-Nusra" (banned in Russia) , Taliban (banned in Russia), Al-Qaeda (banned in Russia), Anti-Corruption Foundation (banned in Russia), Navalny Headquarters (banned in Russia), Facebook (banned in Russia), Instagram (banned in Russia), Meta (banned in Russia), Misanthropic Division (banned in Russia), Azov (banned in Russia), Muslim Brotherhood (banned in Russia), Aum Shinrikyo (banned in Russia), AUE (banned in Russia), UNA-UNSO (banned in Russia), Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People (banned in Russia), Legion “Freedom of Russia” (armed formation, recognized as terrorist in the Russian Federation and banned)

“Non-profit organizations, unregistered public associations or individuals performing the functions of a foreign agent,” as well as media outlets performing the functions of a foreign agent: “Medusa”; "Voice of America"; "Realities"; "Present time"; "Radio Freedom"; Ponomarev; Savitskaya; Markelov; Kamalyagin; Apakhonchich; Makarevich; Dud; Gordon; Zhdanov; Medvedev; Fedorov; "Owl"; "Alliance of Doctors"; "RKK" "Levada Center"; "Memorial"; "Voice"; "Person and law"; "Rain"; "Mediazone"; "Deutsche Welle"; QMS "Caucasian Knot"; "Insider"; "New Newspaper"