Novocherkassk shooting. How Khrushchev destroyed the USSR
60 years ago, Khrushchev's anti-people policy led to a terrible tragedy - the Novocherkassk execution. Due to rising prices and lower tariff rates, thousands of people went on strike and put forward their demands to the authorities. Troops were thrown at the strikers, the crowd was dispersed by automatic fire to kill. Dozens of people were killed and injured.
Khrushchev
The main reason for the tragedy was Khrushchev's anti-people policy. The post-war flourishing of the country, the improvement of living standards in cities and villages, which continued for some time after Stalin's death, turned out to be short-lived. They flirted with the people as long as there was a struggle in the party leadership. As Khrushchev seized power, destructive "reforms" began. Destructive, chaotic, disorderly, which on the whole led to the destruction of the Stalinist course in social, economic and foreign policy. To the "perestroika" of the Soviet Union, which ultimately led to its collapse.
With all the randomness, voluntarism (arbitrary decision-making contrary to objective conditions and circumstances) of Khrushchev's policy, with all the widest range of Khrushchev's "reforms", one general pattern can be distinguished. All "reforms" led to the collapse of the Soviet state. In essence, Gorbachev's team will also operate in the future. The only difference is that they managed to stop Khrushchev's perestroika-1, they neutralized the enemy of the people himself. The only pity is that humanely, because he heaped up cases for several life sentences.
Khrushchev, who considered himself a great specialist in the field of agriculture, quickly put an end to the rise of the agrarian sector. He ordered the liquidation of state machine and tractor stations. Collective farms were ordered to buy all the equipment. Moreover, the prices for used cars, frank junk, were inflated. All the savings of collective farms for several years were spent on this. Also, most of the collective farms did not have the material and technical base for servicing tractors, combines and other equipment. There was no personnel base, they could not pay technicians, drivers the same salaries as in MTS. It was a serious blow to the country's agriculture.
Khrushchev dealt several more painful blows to the agriculture of the USSR:
1) a campaign to enlarge collective farms, a project to create agro-towns, which required large financial investments, personnel, and eventually died out;
2) liquidation of "unpromising" villages. Trained personnel, young people were transferred to the development of the outskirts, including Central Asia, and the bloodless Russian villages in the Non-Black Earth region were subject to liquidation. This led to the fact that numerous abandoned villages and farms began to appear in the Great Russian provinces. A "mine" has been placed under the demographic reproduction of the Russian people;
3) the development of virgin lands in Central Asia, where personnel (machine operators, livestock specialists, tractor drivers, drivers, agronomists, teachers, doctors, etc.), youth and equipment were driven. First there was a rapid growth in grain production. And then the big problems started;
4) destructive "corn" and "meat" campaigns, "milk records" were added;
5) a new wave of collectivization, when subsidiary farms and personal plots allowed under Stalin were prohibited, personal livestock were ordered to be sold to collective farms.
Part-time farms occupied the very minimum in the total area of cultivated land (1,5%), but they provided the country with vegetables and gave the peasants the opportunity to earn money. Now the collective farmers were ruined, slaughtered cattle, poultry, so as not to give away for nothing, and moved to the cities to get jobs in factories and factories. Or they left for virgin lands, where wages were high and it was possible to "break out into the people."
Preparation for the collapse of the Union
Khrushchev broke firewood in almost all areas and directions. He returned ahead of time the peoples deported under Stalin, even before the formation of new generations, cut off from tribal traditions, who grew up in the matrix of a more highly developed Russian (Soviet) civilization. At the same time, part of the Cossack regions was given to the Chechen-Ingush Republic, Dagestan. They carried out a hidden deportation of Ossetians, Circassians, Kabardians, who during the years of the Great Patriotic War were given the lands of the guilty nationalities. In general, they laid the mines of national conflicts that exploded after the collapse of the USSR. Another mine was the transfer of the Crimean region from the RSFSR to the Ukrainian SSR.
Under Khrushchev, another wave of Ukrainization also began in Little Russia-Ukraine. With the displacement of the Russian language from everywhere, the closure of Russian schools, the introduction of language where it never existed. In essence, Khrushchev returned to the Trotskyist, international politics of the 1920s, dominated by the fight against "Great Russian chauvinism" and the policy of decossackization. For example, in the North Caucasus, a policy of resettling the highlanders on the plain was carried out, and they were sent to the places of traditional residence of the Cossacks. This eventually led to the fact that there were no Russians left in these areas or they were now in the minority, with all the ensuing consequences.
In Kazakhstan, a policy was pursued to transfer the steppe Kazakhs to settled residence. And the nomads were settled not in new virgin areas that were just to be mastered, but in those that had already been mastered, where Russian villages and Cossack villages had long existed. After all, the Russian regions of the Southern Urals and Siberia, almost half of the territory of the republic, were transferred to Kazakhstan. And then the former nomads began to settle in new places, after they were mastered by Russians-Great Russians, Russians-Little Russians, Russian Germans.
As part of the nomination of "national cadres", representatives of the "titular" nations received key posts in the party, administration, economic bodies, the system of science and education. Additional resources went to the development of the "titular" intelligentsia. That is, the collapse of the USSR according to national apartments was being prepared.
Under Khrushchev, the persecution of the Russian church began again, which experienced a revival under Stalin. Again, churches were closed all over the country, given to warehouses, storage facilities and social institutions. If under Stalin the number of operating churches reached 20 thousand, then under Khrushchev their number was reduced to 7,5 thousand. Repressions against priests and believers resumed. The surviving Old Believer communities did not escape persecution either. They were declared "sectarians" and prayer houses were closed. Along the way, they again “cut off” the Russian history, robbed Russian treasures that had been accumulated for centuries. Ancient icons, ancient books and manuscripts and other artifacts were taken out from the Old Believer communities. Many of these cultural and historical treasures of Russian civilization later disappeared without a trace.
Khrushchev dealt a series of blows to the Russian people, disrupting their reproduction. So, the Stalinist decree was canceled, which banned abortions and introduced criminal liability for them. They explained this by saying that, they say, the bans are “ineffective”, and abortions are done underground, in unsanitary conditions, by amateurs. Better legally, in hospitals. So, we started a program to reduce the Russian people (plus the elimination of "unpromising" Russian villages).
Khrushchev's blows on foreign policy and the army
Khrushchev brought a lot of harm in foreign policy. He began a policy of "détente". At our expense! Western "partners" were in no hurry to make compromises and concessions, they only "morally" supported Khrushchev's unilateral steps. As they will later do with Gorbachev. Like, well done, keep it up. Khrushchev, on the other hand, showed himself to be a complete Trotskyist in this matter. He proclaimed that the world should move towards complete disarmament, disband the national armies, save only the militia-police. He announced a unilateral cessation of nuclear testing, carried out a large-scale reduction of the Soviet armed forces. More than twice! The West did not react to this ostentatious peacefulness, continued to arm itself.
They cut to the living, in one fell swoop they destroyed the achievements of many years of hard, hard work. Combat officers were expelled, without housing, retraining, without pensions. "Optimized" divisions, regiments and schools. Breakthrough military-technical developments were stopped. Covered the construction program of a first-class ocean fleet, ships already built or almost built were sent for scrap. drastically reduced Aviation. Khrushchev believed that it was enough to have intercontinental missiles and a nuclear submarine fleet.
In conditions when the colonial system began to disintegrate, Khrushchev's Moscow undertook to win over various regimes in Africa and Asia to its side. This resulted in a colossal waste of forces and resources that did not go towards the development of our country and people. Various regimes were declared friendly, they willingly expressed "friendship" in order to milk the USSR. In fact, in foreign policy they revived the Trotskyist course towards “proletarian internationalism” and “world revolution”.
At the same time, Khrushchev managed to quarrel with China. Mao Zedong was against the policy of de-Stalinization; in China, Stalin was very respected. Moscow also refused to help Beijing develop its nuclear program. As a result, the two great socialist powers became competitors in countries with a socialist orientation. China began to establish ties with the West. And the USSR had to create a powerful military group in the east of the country, counting on the possibility of a war with the Middle Kingdom. Spend a lot of time and money on this. Instead of a calm, friendly rear in the east, we got a hidden enemy.
Approaching disaster
In addition to everything else, "reforms" of industry were launched in the USSR. Since 1957, a course has been taken towards the decentralization of the national economy. Branch ministries, union and republican ones were liquidated. Economic councils were created on a territorial basis. In one region or another, plants and factories that belonged to different departments and produced various goods were united under common leadership and had to interact with each other. This led to chaos, disruption of funding and supply, and destruction of industry ties and infrastructure. To remedy the situation, they began to create republican economic councils over the regional ones, and then an all-union one.
Despite all the problems, in 1959 the slogan "Catch up and overtake America!" The 5st Party Congress adopts a 7-year plan instead of a 7-year one. For XNUMX years, they planned to catch up and overtake America in terms of total production, in terms of per capita indicators. Ensure the highest standard of living in the USSR.
At the same time, de-Stalinization continued in the country. In 1961, the XXII Party Congress opened. Again, a sea of dirt was poured on the dead leader. He hung everything that was possible, including the murder of Kirov. Stalin's body was taken out of the mausoleum. Monuments were demolished everywhere, a wave of renaming, Stalin's books were confiscated from libraries, corresponding paintings, portraits, busts, etc. were destroyed. Khrushchev appointed and promoted his own nominees. Instead of the professionals of the Stalin era, outright sycophants, swindlers, bureaucrats, who on paper had solid victories and successes, advanced.
At the 20nd Congress, a program was put forward for building communism in the USSR in 1971 years. Until XNUMX, they were going to complete the construction of the material and technical base of communism. A new wave of storming, emergency work has begun. Leveling, which was not under Stalin. Under Khrushchev, highly qualified specialists could receive fewer laborers. The motivation to learn, develop and improve oneself was lost. Negative changes took place in the education system.
The skew in the development of industry has intensified. Again, the emphasis was on heavy industry, to the detriment of light industry. The increase in production was due to the construction of more and more new plants, and not due to the modernization, increasing the productivity of existing ones. The traditional regions of Russian industry were left almost without attention. We intensively developed the material and technical base in the national regions - in the Baltic States, Western Ukraine, the Caucasus, and Turkestan. Russian specialists were sent there, most of the financial resources, equipment, machinery and equipment. That is, the material base of the future collapse of the USSR was being prepared.
This led to the fact that consumer goods began to disappear from store shelves. At the same time, agriculture was destroyed. The first gain from the development of virgin lands turned out to be an illusion. The plowing of land destroyed vast pastures. Soil erosion began, the land was quickly depleted, requiring more and more fertilizers. Dust storms began, the loss of humus in the fertile layer amounted to 1/3. Yields already in the early 60s fell by 65% and became lower than on the old arable land. Since 1959, they had to start using state grain reserves, and since 1963, they had to systematically buy bread abroad. Bought from USA!
It was the "bottom"! In difficult times - the 1920s-1930s, it was very difficult for the Russian peasants, the country was restored, raised, and a new economy was built. But agricultural products were exported, the currency from its sale was the most important source of development of the USSR. And under Khrushchev, currency and gold flowed into the hands of our enemies. In general, they "overtook and overtook" America.
Novocherkassk execution
Thus, in the early 1960s, the country faced the threat of famine. A relatively tolerable supply was maintained only in Moscow, Leningrad, the capitals of the Union republics. Elsewhere, the situation has deteriorated significantly. Cards were not introduced, but behind the scenes, the sale of products became rationed. Bread was given by loaf in hand. Huge queues lined up outside the shops at night.
And the authorities lied, they said that the people began to live better and more cheerfully. Like, they buy more, so in some places there is a shortage of goods. They tried to get out of the situation at the expense of ordinary people. Food prices were increased by 25-30%, tariff rates for production fell by a third.
The people were outraged. Somewhere it began to break out. In Novosibirsk and Karaganda, Khrushchev was running away from the raging crowd. In Kyiv, Novorossiysk, Tashkent and Gorky he was greeted with hatred. There were spontaneous protests in Moscow, Leningrad, Murom and other cities. The most famous was the spontaneous riot in Novocherkassk. For residents of the city, the “reforms” in agriculture, which led to an increase in prices for milk, meat and other food products, coincided with a decrease in wages at the electric locomotive plant, a city-forming enterprise (NEVZ), where more than half of the townspeople worked. “What are we to live on? How to feed their families?!” – with such questions people came to the management of the plant on June 1, 1962.
The authorities, instead of seeking a compromise, responded with rudeness. The plant manager told the people:
A strike began at the factory, and by nightfall a crowd of thousands had gathered. Moscow was informed of an "anti-Soviet rebellion". On the morning of June 2, a demonstration of thousands of indignant workers and other residents of the city with red banners and portraits of Lenin headed to the city center to the building of the city party committee. Some soldiers of the Novocherkassk garrison joined the crowd (they were without weapons). The city authorities did not want to talk to the protesters; instead, several automatic bursts were fired into the air, several people were injured. Panic ensued, stampede. Further - which, according to eyewitnesses, defies reasonable explanation, machine gun fire was transferred to the crowd - to unarmed civilians. Dozens of people died and were injured.
According to official figures, 24 people died and 70 were injured. Dozens of military and Interior Ministry employees received bruises, beatings and wounds. Later, seven "instigators of unrest", who were charged with banditry, riots and an attempt to overthrow the Soviet regime, were shot. 103 people received terms of imprisonment from 10 to 15 years. After the dismissal of Khrushchev, many convicts were released from prison, six of those shot were completely rehabilitated. Information on the "Novocherkassk case" was classified, and the first publications appeared in the press only during "perestroika" in the late 1980s.
The Novocherkassk tragedy was a serious wake-up call for the USSR. Khrushchev's perestroika led to the disintegration of the country, a bloody catastrophe. Fortunately, there were more destroyers, Trotskyists, careerists, money-grubbers and other enemies of the people in the Soviet elite at that time. Khrushchev was sent into retirement. The country was saved for a generation.
- Alexander Samsonov
- https://ru.wikipedia.org/
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