"It is necessary to ensure that in the coming war with Russia there was no" Young Guard "
And this, alas, is real - the “Young Guard” 70 anniversary is celebrated only in Krasnodon
The Ukrainian city of Krasnodon celebrates the 70 anniversary of the “Young Guard” feat. It is believed that the underground organization of local youth finally took shape around the days of September 1942. Like it or not, now it is difficult to judge: to keep an accurate chronicle under occupation would be the height of negligence. And it’s not particularly important, after all, whether it was 28 or 30 September 1942 of the year. The main thing is that 70 years ago, an underground organization of local youth really arose in Krasnodon. And there appeared ABSOLUTELY SPIRITUALLY, without any “leading and guiding role of the party”! Young boys and girls, the eldest of whom was 19, and the youngest of them were 14 years, vowed:
“I, joining the ranks of the“ Young Guard ”, in the face of my friends arms, in the face of my dear, long-suffering land, in the face of all the people, I solemnly swear: to perform without any obedience any task given to me by an older comrade; to keep in the deepest secret all that concerns my work in the “Young Guard”!
I swear to avenge mercilessly for burned, devastated cities and villages, for the blood of our people, for the martyrdom of thirty hero miners. And if this life requires my life, I will give it without a moment's hesitation.
If I break this sacred oath under torture or because of cowardice, then let my name, my family will be forever cursed, and the harsh hand of my comrades will punish me.
Blood for blood! Death for death! ”
This oath of allegiance to the Motherland, later wrote the author of the novel Young Guard, Alexander Fadeyev, young Krasnodontsy “gave 1942 of the year, standing in front of each other in a small horny, when a piercing autumn wind howled over the enslaved and devastated land of Donbass. A small town lay hidden in the darkness, fascists stood in the miner's houses, some corrupt skins-policemen and shoulder masters from the Gestapo on this dark night searched the apartments of citizens and committed atrocities in their dungeons. The oldest of those who took the oath was nineteen years old, and the main organizer and inspirer Oleg Koshevoy was sixteen ”.
And, to the credit of the Young Guard, almost all of them fulfilled the oath: they could not be broken even by the inhuman torture with which they were subjected by the German occupiers after their arrest. 15, 16 and 31 January 1943, the invaders threw a man into the hole of the local 71 mine - partly alive, and partly already shot. A few days later, Oleg Koshevoy, Lyubov Shevtsova, Semyon Ostapenko, Dmitry Ogurtsov, Viktor Subbotin were shot in the city of Rovenki, shot. Four more of the Young Guard were executed in other areas. All of them before death were subjected to inhuman torture and torture. Before the liberation of Krasnodon by the Red Army, which took place on February 14, the Young Guards did not live only a few days ...
What did the Young Guard have managed to do in such a short period of the organization's existence? We read again A.Fadeeva:
“And these young people who did not know the old system and, naturally, did not go through the underground experience, for several months disrupt all the activities of the fascist enslavers and inspire the population of Krasnodon and the surrounding villages - Izvarin, Pervomayki, Semeykina, where branches of the organization are created to resist the enemy. The organization grows to seventy people, then it numbers already over one hundred - the children of miners, peasants and employees.
"Young Guard" in hundreds and thousands distributes leaflets - in the bazaars, in the cinema, in the club. Leaflets are found on the police building, even in the pockets of the police. "Young Guard" installs four radios and informs the population daily about the information of the Information Bureau.
Under the conditions of the underground, new members join the ranks of the Komsomol, temporary certificates are issued, membership fees are accepted. As the Soviet troops approached, an armed uprising was being prepared and weapons were being extracted in a variety of ways.
At the same time, strike groups carry out sabotage and terrorist acts.
On the night from 7 to 8 in November, Ivan Turkenich’s group hung two policemen. On the chest of the hanged men left posters: "Such a fate awaits every venal dog."
November 9 Anatoly Popov's group on the road Gundorovka - Gerasimovka destroys a passenger car with three top Hitlerite officers.
On November 15, Viktor Petrov’s group frees 75 fighters and commanders of the Red Army from the concentration camp in the Volchansk farm.
In early December, the Moshkov group on the Krasnodon-Sverdlovsk road burns three cars with gasoline.
A few days after this operation, a group of Tyulenin commits on the Krasnodon-Rovenka road an armed attack on the guards, who were driving 500 heads of livestock taken from residents. Destroys the guard, cattle accelerates the steppe.
The members of the “Young Guard”, who were settled on the instructions of the headquarters in the occupying institutions and at the enterprises, with their skillful maneuvers hinder their work. Sergey Levashov, working as a driver in the garage, disables three cars one after the other. Yury Vyzenovsky makes some accidents at the mine.
On the night from 5 to December 6, the brave troop of young Guardians - Lyuba Shevtsova, Sergey Tyulenin and Viktor Luk'yanchenko - perform a brilliant arson operation of the labor exchange. By destroying the labor exchange with all the documents, the Young Guard saved several thousand Soviet people from being hijacked in Nazi Germany.
On the night of 6 on 7 in November, members of the organization hang red flags on the buildings of the school, the former regional consumer union, the hospital and on the highest tree of the city park. “When I saw a flag at a school,” says M.A. Litvinova - involuntary joy, pride seized me. She woke up the children and quickly ran across the road to Mukhina. I found her standing in her underwear on the window sill, tears creeping down her thin cheeks. She said: “Marya Alekseevna, because this was done for us Soviet people. We are remembered, we are not forgotten by us. ”
The organization was disclosed by the police because it involved too many young people in its ranks, among whom were less resilient people. But during the terrible tortures to which the members of the “Young Guard” were subjected to brutalized enemies, the moral character of the young patriots, the image of such spiritual beauty, was revealed with unprecedented force that it will inspire many more and many generations. ”
It is now accepted to cast doubt on the version of events related to the "Young Guard", which was put forward by Alexander Fadeev. Even his novel Young Guard, in which generations of Soviet people were brought up, has been removed from the school curriculum because of "bias."
Indeed, a subsequent study by researchers of documents related to the activities of the Young Guard revealed that in some ways the writer was wrong. But in the first place, he did not pretend that the novel “Young Guard” is fully documented. This is a work of literature, the writer has noted more than once, though it is based mainly on facts. But there is also an inherent artistic fiction in it, images of characters that only generalize real historical prototypes, but not their exact copy.
It was all in vain: the immortal feat of the Young Guard in its, so to speak, original form began to undergo erosion immediately after the end of the war. At first it was only a slight adjustment of the primary version, designed to introduce the "leading and guiding role" of the communist party into the fabric of events. Then (and in many ways, by the way, it was justified) - an adjustment regarding the role of individual Young Guard, which, after a more thorough examination of documents and eyewitness accounts, allowed many of the names to be rehabilitated.
For example, what Valeria Bortz told in one of the interviews is one of those few Young Guards who were lucky enough to avoid arrest:
“11 May 1956, shortly after the 9 holiday of May, us, five of the then young Guardians alive, as well as A.A. Fadeev invited N.S. Khrushchev. There he started a conversation about ... forgiveness (beyond the prescription of years) of the members of the “Young Guard” headquarters of Y. Tretyakevich who had betrayed under torture. It turns out that he was the son of a friend, NS Khrushchev, countryman from with. Kalinovka, Kursk region, where N.S. Khrushchev. Like, none of us are guaranteed to endure the torture. Four of us spoke (from surprise, apparently) somehow vaguely. I said that, of course, I cannot guarantee that I would endure the torture. But ... we gave an oath in which it was said that if one of us even commanded his comrades under torture, then “let him curse him for the rest of his life,” and so on. Khrushchev did not like it. He became ardently incoherent to say something. We were silent. Suddenly, A.A. Fadeev and angrily throws in the face of Khrushchev, that he is a former Trotskyite and something else. Khrushchev reddened terribly. Fadeev turned white. A very ugly scene happened ... I haven’t told about this yet ... And I don’t know if I should say ... But that meeting was interrupted. “Until better times,” as Khrushchev said.
The “best times” for a new meeting did not come: May 13 (i.e., two days later) A. Fadeev shot himself.
Tretyakevich was later, however, not only rehabilitated (there was clear evidence of his innocence), but even posthumously awarded the order, so that this kind of “revision” of the original version with respect to individual members of the organization was more than justified. And we needed it first of all to establish the TRUTH. But at the same time, many “revisionists”, building new heroes on a pedestal, for some reason tried to throw out from there other “former” undoubted heroes of the “Young Guard”. They tried to do this, in particular, even with respect to Oleg Koshevoy.
Here is what Anatoly Nikitenko, director of the Krasnodon museum of the Young Guard, wrote about attacks on this chief, according to Fadeev, leader of the Young Guards (and the documents related to the organization’s activities are familiar to him):
“Letters to the museum come to us. Their authors demand to tell the whole truth about ... Oleg Koshevoy. They ask to confirm that Koshevoy really died, and, moreover, that he was not a traitor to the Motherland and a traitor to the “Young Guard” (!).
Ridiculous rumors are actively spread by various Western radio voices who, through the mouth of renegades, have repeatedly advised us to reconsider our views on the Young Guard and its legendary commissar.
One could not pay attention to such “advice”. Moreover, the last days and hours of life of Oleg and his comrades were already told many times in undeniable language of documents. But, as we see, there are people who listen to the evil whisper from the gate. So, we must again and again return to this topic.
In the archives of our museum are stored investigative documents telling about further events. Today they are published for the first time.
From the interrogation report of the arrested Geist from November 4 1946 of the year:
“Question: It was established that during the occupation of Voroshilovgrad region by German troops you served as a translator for the German gendarmerie in Rovenky. Do you confirm this?
Answer: I confirm. From August 1942 of the year to the day of the expulsion of the German troops from the city of Rovenky, Voroshilovgrad region, I served as a translator in the district gendarme department.
Question: When and under what circumstances was Kosheva arrested?
Answer: Koshevoy was detained on the last days of January 1943 near the railway station Karpushino six or seven kilometers from the city of Rovenka and taken to the police, from where he was transferred to the gendarmerie. After a short investigation, he was shot.
Question: Did you take part in his execution?
Answer: Yes, I was a member of the execution of a group of partisans, including Koshevoi. ”
From the interrogation report of Orlov, the head of the Rovenky police, dated 3 December 1946:
“Question: Did you take part in the massacre of Koshev?
Answer: Oleg Koshevoy was arrested at the end of January 1943 by the German commander and the railway police at the junction, seven kilometers from Rovenki, and brought to me by the police.
When they were detained, a revolver was seized from Koshevoy, and when they were searched again in the Roven'kov police, the seal of the Komsomol organization, as well as two blank forms (temporary Komsomol certificates).
Question: When and where was Kosheva shot?
Answer: Koshevoy was shot in the last days of January 1943, in a grove on the outskirts of Rovenky. The execution was led by Phrome and gendarmes Drewitz, Peach, Golender and several policemen took part in the shooting. ”
From the interrogation report of the Nazi criminal Schultz Jacob from 11-12 in November 1947:
“Question: You are shown a photograph of the head of the underground Young Komsomol organization“ Young Guard ”, Oleg Koshevoy. Do you know this person?
Answer: Yes, he is familiar to me. Koshevoy was shot at the end of January 1943 in the Rovenkovsky forest among the nine Soviet people I mentioned above. He was shot by Drewitz. ”
From the interrogation of the Nazi criminal Drewitz Otto from November 8 1947 of the year:
“Question: You are shown a photograph of the head of the illegal Young Komsomol organization Young Guard, Oleg Koshevoy, operating in Krasnodon. Is this the young man you shot?
Answer: Yes, this is the same young man. I shot Koshevoy in a city park in Rovenki.
Question: Tell me, under what circumstances did you shoot Oleg Koshevoy?
Answer: At the end of January 1943, I received an order from the deputy commander of the Frome gendarme unit to prepare for the execution of arrested Soviet citizens. In the courtyard, I saw police officers who were guarding nine of those arrested, among whom was Oleg Koshevoy, identified by me. When Schulz and a few gendarmes approached us, we led, by order of Throme, those sentenced to death to the place of execution in the city park in Rovenky. We placed the prisoners on the edge of a large hole dug in advance in the park and shot them by order of Frome. Then I noticed that Koshevoy was still alive and was only wounded. I came closer to him and shot him right in the head. When I shot Koshevoy, I returned with the other gendarmes who participated in the execution, back to the barracks. Several policemen were sent to the place of execution in order to bury the corpses. ”
... The Eternal Flame is burning at the mass graves, which sadly dotted the roads of the past war. Millions of Soviet people come to bow to these graves. Sacred are the graves, the memory of the fallen heroes is sacred. ”
Well, what kind of revision of the history of the “Young Guard” did the Ukrainian “self-gunners” come to ... Recently, for example, the version was launched into the information space that the “Young Guard” was actually created not by Komsomol members, but ... by Ukrainian nationalists from the OUN UPA! This is what revision the “researchers” (and their inspirers) of the immortal exploit of the Young Guards are now reaching!
“We need to ensure that in the coming war with Russia there is no“ Young Guard ”, there is no Kosmodemyanskoy and Matrosov”. This quote was read in the American magazine "Kohlers" Alexander Golenkov - one of the journalists who studied the history of the Young Guard. And it seems, unfortunately, that our enemies have already achieved a lot in this direction.
Something is not heard at all these days, neither from the screens of our TV, nor from the pages of the central media, that these days 70 is being celebrated for the unprecedented feat of the Young Guards. 70's anniversary is truly celebrated these days only in Krasnodon itself, where hundreds of guests from Russia, Belarus and Transnistria arrived. And in Russia itself? A message flashed that some events would take place in Kurgan, and that was all. Our historical memory is short! Togo and look, forget the heroes of the "Young Guard" at all. And God forbid us to live to see the day when the younger generation answers the question “What is Young Guard?”: “Oh, we know: this is the youth organization of United Russia ...”
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