October 1 - Day of the Ground Forces of the Russian Federation

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Modern military equipment and a high level of training - this is what today characterizes one of the main components of the Armed Forces of Russia - ground forces. Having a huge military arsenal, which is constantly being improved, all structural units of the ground forces in peacetime conduct the necessary training of personnel and control bodies for competent and operational conduct of military operations according to their mission. The purpose of this is the coherence in the work of all the components of the links, designed in the shortest possible time to carry out activities for the mobilization and rapid deployment of forces to repel a possible enemy attack.

Being the most numerous and varied type of troops in the existing weapons and methods of warfare, the ground forces are the main force ensuring the state integrity and the observance of the national interests of the citizens of Russia, capable of repelling and protecting their country from any aggressor at any time. It is on the Ground Forces that the mission is assigned to support the implementation of UN Security Council measures to restore peace in the hot spots of the planet, as well as to assist in eliminating the catastrophic consequences of natural disasters or large-scale accidents. At the same time, the combat readiness of the ground forces, the combat potential of the military personnel and equipment must always be maintained at the level necessary for rapid response, effectively interacting with other branches of the armed forces of the country.

May 31, 2006 by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation under number 549, the first day of October was defined as the Day of Russian Ground Forces. This date was not chosen by chance. Publishing your historical the verdict "On the notification in the Moscow and surrounding districts of a chosen thousand servants", the purpose of which was to create the first regular army units in Russia, Tsar Ivan IV, named by the people of Grozny, was hardly aware that he was becoming the founder of one of the greatest and most important for the future army of Russia. But it is the day of the publication of the aforementioned decree, October 1, 1550, that is considered the foundation day of the ground forces of the Russian State. For the sake of historical justice, it should be noted that a kind of army in Russia, representing disparate princely squads, existed before the decree of Ivan the Terrible. But the actions of these military units were inconsistent, which significantly reduced the effectiveness of the military operations, despite the heroism and dedication that the Russian army was always famous for. During the reign of Ivan the Terrible, significant military reforms were carried out, the purpose of which was not only the creation of a local army and the organization of its centralized command and supply, but also the improvement of artillery. Warriors have explosive weapons and firearms weapon. The result of the innovations was the creation of the Strelets army and the permanent guard service, and artillery outfits were transformed into independent military units. The political prerequisites for carrying out these reforms were a significant numerical increase in troops against the background of feudal fragmentation and internecine wars, deliverance from the yoke of foreign invaders, as well as the creation of a single centralized state. The simultaneous strengthening of the economic and economic aspects of life has made it possible to increase the level of provision of the army with all the necessary means. The measures taken helped the Russian army to increase its combat capability and successfully defended the interests of the Russian people in battles with numerous and well-trained enemies for a century and a half.



A completely new approach to the formation of the army was undertaken by Peter I, who in early November 1699, issued a decree “On the recruitment of soldiers from free people”. This document was the beginning of the recruitment system of the army. The territorial nature of the assembly of troops was explained by the fact that each regiment was attached to a certain province, which provided for its maintenance at its own expense. The regiments were assigned the names of the territory of deployment with all the necessary attributes in the form of distinctive signs on the uniform and their own banners. During this period, the post of commander-in-chief was established for the first time, and a special field headquarters was established, headed by the quartermaster general. Along with the opening of special military schools for the training of military art, deep military-judicial reforms were carried out, the officer service was regulated and a unified system of military training and training was developed for organizing competent management of the armed forces. It is possible that the changes were the main reason for the success of the Russian army in later military battles, when the victory in the Northern War with Sweden was won (1700-1721) and the original Russian territories captured by the enemy were returned. A heavy war, which lasted almost a quarter of a century, hardened Russian soldiers, turning them from national teams into one of the best regular armies in Europe, whose achievements the whole world admired.

The following significant changes in the territorial structure of the army occurred in the 1763 year, when all the military units existing at that time in Russia were divided into districts or divisions. Five districts were formed, named for their place of deployment: Estland, Livonia, Smolensk, St. Petersburg and Ukraine. In addition to them, the Kazan, Voronezh and Belarusian divisions were later established. The changes affected the composition of the infantry regiments. From now on, each of them consisted of twelve companies, ten of which were musketeers, and two - grenadiers. The companies were consolidated into two battalions, and in addition to them, independent artillery teams were formed, which were also part of the regiment.



One cannot but recall the significant contribution to the development of the Russian ground forces by such great military leaders as Peter Alexandrovich Rumyantsev and Grigory Aleksandrovich Potemkin, who cared not only about changing the structure, strategy and tactics of the Russian troops, but also about improving the conditions of service for ordinary soldiers. Further development of the ground forces occurred during the military leadership of Suvorov and Kutuzov. It was their military talent and achieved military success, when it was possible to defeat the enemy not at the expense of a higher number, but thanks to the skillful conduct of hostilities, that allowed radical changes in military-theoretical training to be made and became an example for all subsequent generations of military personnel. The high maneuverability and mobility of military units, which Kutuzov preferred, allowed the Russian troops to brilliantly conduct battles in wars with the Turkish army (1789-90 years), as well as during the Swiss and Italian campaigns (1799 years). To streamline the centralized leadership of troops under Alexander I, the military Ministry of the Ground Forces was first established, established by the Manifesto of 8 on September 1802. His successor, Alexander II, introduced universal military service, changed the methods of manning and the system of training army personnel. A special page in the history of the ground forces is the Patriotic War of the 1812 of the year, when the whole world admired the stamina and courage of Russian soldiers who managed to stop the battle-hardened, experienced and well-equipped French army, which conquered all of Europe at that time. Thanks to the high training and ability to conduct long-term hostilities in difficult conditions, the determination and courage of the Russian soldiers, the myth of the invincibility of the French was dispelled. A vivid evidence of the heroism of our troops was the historical battle of Borodino.



With the development of technological progress and the emergence of new types of weapons from the second half of the 82th century, the role of the army’s technical equipment began to change rapidly. Machine guns are replacing obsolete smoothbore guns, a wire telegraph is being introduced everywhere, and new types of guns are appearing in artillery. This necessitated the creation of new methods and forms of warfare. In addition to technical innovations, changes are taking place in the army management structures. The system of training command personnel was revised, the Military Collegium was created, as well as the Quartermaster unit and the General Staff of the army. As a result, by the beginning of the 9th century, the structure of the army was as follows: 7,5% were infantry, 1,5% were cavalry, XNUMX% were artillery, and XNUMX% were engineer troops. All divisions, depending on the type of deployment, the nature of the tasks and manning, were divided into local, field, reserve, auxiliary, Finnish and serf troops. In addition to them, irregular independent Cossack units operated. The First World War required new adjustments and additional investments in the development and support of the army. But the low economic potential against the backdrop of a looming political and industrial crisis did not make it possible to organize the supply of a multimillion-strong ground army at a sufficient level, which negatively affected the outcome of the hostilities. The army suffered huge losses, but even under such circumstances, Russian soldiers showed examples of unlimited courage and courage. Active development of such types of ground forces as aviation, engineering, railway and aeronautics, the emergence of new special forces of biological and chemical protection, the growth of the technical equipment of the army were interrupted and practically nullified during the subsequent revolutionary transformations in Russia. The Bolsheviks who came to power created a new Red Army, consisting of workers and peasants who did not possess the necessary combat skills and knowledge for waging war. Their baptism of fire took place in difficult conditions of an ongoing civil war on the one hand and military intervention on the other. The current situation required new transformations in the army. The most fruitful period for the development of the ground forces was the period after the civil war and before the outbreak of World War II, when, in addition to structural changes, a new type of mechanized mechanized forces was created, which since 1934 was renamed as armored. It was these troops, the number of which on the eve of the treacherous invasion of Germany increased by 7,4 times, made a significant contribution to the course of hostilities during the Great Patriotic War. In the same period, there is an active re-equipment of troops with more modern artillery systems, which have high tactical and technical indicators. Among them is the famous Katyusha multiple launch rocket launcher (BM-13), as well as Tanks KV-1 and T-34, automatic weapons, sniper rifles and anti-tank rifles. Before the war, the Soviet Union was not able to fully provide the army with all necessary means and to establish mass production of weapons and ammunition, all this had to be done already in wartime. By the beginning of the Nazi invasion attack, our ground forces consisted of 303 divisions, 211 of which were rifle, cavalry, motorcycle and mountain rifle divisions, 61 divisions were tank and 31 divisions were motorized. The army was armed with more than 110 thousand mortars and guns, almost 23 thousand tanks. In the early years of the war, despite the difficult conditions of warfare and the insufficient security of the army, together with the level of training of the enemy, the ground forces were able to maintain combat effectiveness and build up their strength in defensive conditions, stop the rapid attack of the enemy and proceed to destroy it. During the years of World War II, the firepower of the army significantly increased, the share of mechanized and armored forces increased from 4,4 to 11,5%, while the share of artillery increased from 12,6 to 20,7%. The number of troops has almost doubled (up to 10 million people), and the clear, flexible structure of command and control of the army ensured the effectiveness of military operations. During the war, the arms of the ground forces were updated by 80%, and some types of weapons surpassed many foreign counterparts in their combat characteristics.



Profound qualitative reforms occurred in the army during the post-war period. To ensure uninterrupted leadership, the most numerous and diverse form of the armed forces of our country in March 1946 was formed by the Ground Forces Army Main Command, which Zhukov was rightfully entrusted to head. From 1950 of the year to 1997 of the year, this control body was three times disbanded and re-established. The next large-scale stage of changes in the ground forces was in the period of the collapse of the Soviet Union, when the number of troops decreased due to natural causes by more than 1 million people. Starting from 2009, in the framework of the general reform of the Russian armed forces, instead of the usual structure, cumbersome divisions, which were difficult to manage effectively, brigades of permanent readiness were formed, which became the main tactical unit of the Russian ground forces.

Today, the Russian ground forces are subordinated to the Ministry of Defense, and six military districts (Moscow, Leningrad, North Caucasus, Volga-Urals, Far Eastern and Siberian) are evenly distributed throughout the country. The modern structure of the land forces of Russia consists of the following types of troops: motorized rifle, tank, artillery and rocket troops, air defense troops, as well as special troops, units and parts of the material and technical supply. All of these structures are organized into combined-arms armies, specialized brigades (motorized rifle and mountain, tank, air assault and cover brigades), machine-gun artillery divisions, military bases, training centers and other organizations and institutions.

October 1 - Day of the Ground Forces of the Russian Federation

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    1. vylvyn
      +8
      1 October 2012 08: 21
      Well guys, Happy Holiday! drinks Ground forces - forever! good
      1. +5
        1 October 2012 09: 21
        VIVAT INFANTERIES! drinks
      2. +10
        1 October 2012 14: 11
        Happy Holidays! soldier
        1. azgard
          +2
          1 October 2012 20: 02
          oh God forbid that the sky was peaceful and the soldiers did not know what it is to lose comrades ... HOLIDAY !!! LET THE BARRELS SOUND ONLY AT THE EXERCISES !!!
    2. +6
      1 October 2012 08: 26
      Happy holiday !!! Glory to the Russian Ground Forces. drinks
      1. +8
        1 October 2012 09: 53
        Such a day is indispensable. For the health of the infantry. Today I can, because I am the infantry!
        1. Yarbay
          +6
          1 October 2012 09: 58
          Quote: Apollon

          Such a day is indispensable. For the health of the infantry. Today I can, because I am the infantry!

          We went to battle as to work.
          To meet the enemy under "URR-aaaa!"
          And bullets strewed into the infantry,
          Sheltered sniper.

          They burned us with fire. They blew tolom.
          Cardboard was torn to pieces.
          But we crawled naked on the field
          Despite death and bullets.

          Then again burrowing into holes,
          (who remained alive), a smoke break.
          Ordinary conversations -
          About the house, about the women, about the scar on the side.

          Hurry to get to Berlin,
          And there the end of the war, home ..
          A German long line
          Scribbling above our heads.

          So day after day and night after night
          Between heaven and earth we live.
          And having fun, by the way
          And even, sometimes, we sing.

          War, brother, is also work -
          Forward! Urra-ah-ah! and face in the mud.
          No wonder infantry infantry
          The people were originally called.
      2. Yarbay
        +4
        1 October 2012 10: 13
        Who is hunting in the dust?
        It’s more fun to ride in the car.
        Do not hang your nose, hold on to the infantry,
        Do not regret the boot of the state ...
        Well, you're lucky, they will give a car,
        Dozed off a bit, the team - Slaz!
        Dig the raw clay again
        Mesi kicking in the dirt field.
        Heat, even if you wash yourself later
        But again the order is heard-
        Go deeper into the ground, bury yourself
        And put on a gas mask.
        So, from dawn to dusk,
        Now move away, then step on.
        Yes, you’re not an easy soldier’s life,
        But you be strong, do not be discouraged.
        Who wants to walk in the dust,
        Likely to us, so much more fun.
        Already pulled in, we're infantry
        Do not regret the boot of the state
    3. +6
      1 October 2012 08: 27
      Happy holiday boots. Hello to you from the shoes. drinks laughing
      1. +7
        1 October 2012 08: 41
        Happy holiday infantry! Queen of the fields ... !!!! I will join !!! drinks
    4. mar.tira
      +4
      1 October 2012 08: 29
      Happy holiday plowman war! It is the plowmen! O It is they who determine the victory, or defeat in battle, of entire armies!
    5. +2
      1 October 2012 08: 38
      Happy holiday
      Just somehow surprised by the Italian and Swiss campaigns of Kutuzov. I thought it was Suvorov.
      As for the military districts, the author somehow lagged behind life ..... There are only 4 of them.
      Well, the machine gun and artillery division aroused great curiosity in me .... what kind of beast ??? ...
      1. DIMS
        +1
        1 October 2012 08: 41
        Quote: volkan
        Well, the machine gun and artillery division aroused great curiosity in me .... what kind of beast ???

        Fortified areas
        1. 0
          1 October 2012 10: 09
          Quote: DIMS
          Fortified areas


          Are they still alive ???

          In my opinion, they have long ceased to exist .... and the author seems to be writing about
          1. DIMS
            +2
            1 October 2012 10: 29
            One definitely remained, the 18th Pulad. Kuril Islands

    6. +2
      1 October 2012 08: 43
      Happy Brothers !!!! soldier
    7. +3
      1 October 2012 09: 12
      Ground troops -
      Army glory and strength!
      Your service is not easy
      It’s not easy with your darling either.
      Your post is at the forefront,
      And your element is land,
      May they always wait for you home,
      May good luck be friends with you!
      Let them give you a shot -
      Congratulations on the holiday,
      After all, they drink for you today
      Objections - set aside!
      Happy holiday !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
    8. +2
      1 October 2012 09: 16
      Glory to the creators of the regular Army! Glory to the Great Leaders! Glory to our native infantry !!!
    9. +2
      1 October 2012 09: 18
      Dear Brothers in Arms, with a professional holiday to you!
    10. +2
      1 October 2012 09: 27
      The story is rich and glorious! I wish the descendants to take an example from their ancestors how to serve and fight!
    11. borisst64
      +3
      1 October 2012 09: 33
      Once the Airborne Forces belonged to these troops. Happy holiday!
    12. Argonaut
      +4
      1 October 2012 09: 37
      Our glorious infantry is the pride of the Russian people! Happy Holidays, friends!
    13. +6
      1 October 2012 10: 02
      You can shove yourself fist in the chest for some time and shout, for example, for the Airborne Forces for the special forces, for the marines, but to look deeper we all come from the infantry. As the infantry in the arms endured the victory, it will endure. Happy holiday bros.
      1. 0
        2 October 2012 00: 28
        Queen of the fields, as in the Russian name! Happy holiday!
    14. Odessa
      +5
      1 October 2012 10: 13
      Three-time cheers !!! drinks happy holiday !!!
      When the plane cannot
      When the ship lights up
      Slim infantry will pass,
      And nothing will happen to her!
    15. Miroslav
      +2
      1 October 2012 10: 19
      Infantry - the glory and pride of our Mother Russia and all our people! Happy Holidays, dear comrades!
    16. +7
      1 October 2012 11: 05
      I would like to cite a few statements that would be carefully studied by our "overseas partners"
      Chief of Staff of the Wehrmacht 4 Army, General Gunter Blumentrit
      “The Russian soldier prefers hand-to-hand combat. His ability to endure hardship without flinching is a true surprise. Such is the Russian soldier whom we recognized and who were respected a quarter of a century ago. ”
      “The behavior of the Russian troops even in the first battles was in striking contrast to the behavior of the Poles and Western allies in defeat. Even surrounded by the Russians continued stubborn battles. Where there were no roads, the Russians in most cases remained unattainable. They always tried to break through to the east ... Our Russian environment was rarely successful. ”

      “With amazement, we watched the Russians. It seems to them that they didn’t care if their main forces were defeated ... "
      Colonel General (later Field Marshal) von Kleist

      “From the very beginning, Russians showed themselves as first-class warriors, and our successes in the first months of the war were simply explained by better preparation. Having gained combat experience, they became first-class soldiers. They fought with exceptional perseverance, had amazing stamina ... "

      General von Manstein
      “Information from the front confirms that the Russians are fighting to the last man everywhere ... It is striking that when capturing artillery batteries, etc. few are surrendered. ”

      Josef Goebbels

      “Courage is courage inspired by spirituality. The persistence with which the Bolsheviks defended themselves in their pillboxes in Sevastopol is akin to some animal instinct, and it would be a profound mistake to consider it the result of Bolshevik beliefs or education. The Russians have always been like that, and most likely they will always be like that. ”
    17. +2
      1 October 2012 12: 17
      Mabuta with a holiday !!!!!!
      Only that territory can be considered conquered by which soldiers march.
    18. +1
      1 October 2012 12: 56
      AECH INFANTRY !! wink ! 100 were still hunting !!!!!!! Yes yes HELLO INFANTRY !!!!!! wink WITHOUT US EVERYTHING ELSE IS ANYONE !!!!!!!!!! Yes laughing lol
    19. GP
      GP
      +1
      1 October 2012 13: 40
      When you walk through the columns
      In the heat, and in the rain, and in the snow,
      Then you will understand
      How sweet is the dream
      How joyful the night is.

      When you go through the war
      You will sometimes understand
      How bread is good
      And how good
      A sip of raw water.

      When you go this way
      Not a day, not two, soldier,
      You’ll understand
      How expensive is the house
      Like a father’s corner is holy.

      When - the science of all sciences -
      In battle you will conquer the battle, -
      You’ll understand
      How dear friend
      How dear each one is -

      And about courage, duty and honor
      You will not repeat in vain.
      They are in you
      What you are
      As you can be.

      The one with whom, if you are friends
      And do not lose friendship
      As the saying goes,
      Can live
      And you can die.

      1943 Alexander Tvardovsky.
    20. +3
      1 October 2012 16: 43
      Only four districts remained, not six. Yes, and they are very unevenly located
    21. Svyatoslav
      +1
      1 October 2012 18: 20
      With the holiday of all servicemen of the Great Ground Forces of the USSR and Russia !!!
    22. 0
      1 October 2012 18: 41
      Happy holiday! Good luck, easy service and all the best! Sincerely.
    23. +3
      1 October 2012 20: 27
      I apologize off-topic but I have to think you will make an exception for me.
      Today my friends are not only the Day of the Russian Ground Forces. Today is the international day of the elderly everywhere was celebrated except for us. I turned twice to the administration of the forum. not known. Let's remember our fathers, mothers, grandfathers and grandmothers of all the elderly in the world.

      Do not offend the elderly.
      Sometime old age will come to you.
      Do not forget about fathers and mothers.
      Not long to see them left.
      Do not offend the elderly
      Which left the team.
      Do not close the door tightly.
      After all, it is heartless, ugly.
      Do not offend old mothers
      And pay more attention to them.
      Only a few years and days will pass
      Only memories will remain from them ...

      this is a holiday branch, so I posted it here. Let's think about them not only today, but every day. soon we will be in their place too.
    24. +1
      2 October 2012 07: 28
      By the way, Herr Mellentin, who was unlucky to fight against the Red Army in the Great Patriotic War, in the afterword to his book called the Soviet infantry
      one of the pillars of the existing world order.
      Happy holiday, men!
    25. mind1954
      0
      3 October 2012 22: 08
      Only an infantryman’s magic boot can bring
      territory the joy of victory !!!
    26. Alex-UA
      0
      8 October 2012 16: 52
      Congratulations !!!!!!
    27. 0
      1 October 2014 13: 17
      He served in the motorized rifle 195th Verkhneudinsky in the Far East, formed from the Cossack Transbaikal army in 1689 and am proud of it. More than 40 years have passed, and fellow soldiers are still dreaming. For military friendship, comrades! good

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