11 (22) September 1789 Russian-Austrian troops defeated the Turkish army at the Battle of Rymnik

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11 (22) September 1789 Russian-Austrian troops defeated the Turkish army at the Battle of Rymnik

22 September 1789 Russian-Austrian troops under the command of General AV Suvorov and Prince F. of Coburg in the Battle of Rymnik defeated the Turkish army under the command of the Grand Vizier, Yusuf Pasha. The battle of Rymnik is one of the main battles of the Russian-Turkish war of 1787 — 1791. It was one of the most brilliant victories of Alexander Vasilyevich Suvorov. For the victory in it, the commander was elevated by Empress Catherine II to the count's dignity with the name of Rymnik. Austrian Emperor Joseph II granted Alexander the title of Count of the Holy Roman Empire.

prehistory

In the 1789 campaign of the year, the war expanded its geographic boundaries. Austria acted on the side of the Russian Empire (the 1788 campaign of the year was unsuccessful for the Austrians and they signed a truce with the Turks), which pursued their goals. In the north-western borders of the Russian Empire, there was a war with the Swedes, who were trying to use a favorable moment to strengthen their positions in the Baltic. The Prussian kingdom took a wait-and-see attitude towards Russia, and was ready to start a war with Petersburg, if the Swedes and the Turks achieved significant success. To repel a possible strike from the west, the Russian command had to form a third field army. It was headed by Rumyantsev-Zadunaisky. He transferred command of the Ukrainian army to Prince Repnin.

Soon, the Ekaterinoslav and Ukrainian armies were combined into the Southern Army under the command of Field Marshal Potemkin. The first group under the direct command of Potemkin was located across the Dniester River in the Russian south. The second group under the authority of Repnin was stationed in Moldova on the front lines. Allied Austria allocated a corps under the command of field marshal Prince of Saxony Saalfeld Friedrich Coburg for joint operations with the Russian army. The Austrians defined the territory along the river Seret. Alexander Suvorov received the 3 Division for his start. It was located in the area of ​​Barlada, between the Prut and Seret rivers. Alexander Vasilyevich received the task to act together with the Austrian troops.

The Turkish command team prepared well for the 1789 campaign of the year. Grand Vizier Yusuf Pasha pulled the main forces of Sultan Selim III to the lower reaches of the Danube - only about 150 thousand people. He planned to launch the first offensive and hit the Austrians near the city of Bakeu. If successful, the Turks could strike at Iasi, threatening the rear of the Repnin group. Mustafa Pasha with 30-thousand should move to Focsani. Auxiliary blow from Ishmael was supposed to inflict the body of Gassan Pasha.

Prince Saxe-Coburg and Suvorov learned in advance about the enemy plan. The collection of intelligence data on the enemy and his plans has become a task of paramount importance for the commander of the 3 division. The Prince of Saxe-Coburg immediately realized that he alone could not resist the onslaught of the enemy and asked for help from Suvorov. Alexander Vasilyevich without delay moved to join up with the allies. In the evening of July 16, Suvorov withdrew the division from Barlad and by the next day 22 was at the Austrian camp. On the pontoon bridge that they induced, the Russian soldiers crossed the Seret River. For 26 hours, the Suvorov team passed around the 40 version. July 18 troops rested. Simultaneously, on the river Trutusz, in 5 versts from the camps, ferries were built. 19 July Allied forces marched. They walked in two columns: the right consisted of Austrians, and the left was Suvorov. Russian patrols defeated the advanced Ottoman equestrian guard detachment. Then, along the Putna River (the road to Focsani went through it), a collision occurred with 3-thousand. detachment of the Ottoman cavalry, commanded by Osman Pasha. The Turks tried to prevent the Allied forces from crossing, but did not succeed.

The battle on the Putna River ended in complete darkness, the Turks retreated across the river. The Allied advance guard crossed the river and drove the enemy to their campsite. In this battle, Don Cossacks Grigory Grekov, the Arnauts team of Ivan Sobolevsky (volunteers of the Orthodox faith from Moldovans, Volokhs, Bulgarians, and Serbs) and Austrian hussars of Kimeer were known as arnauts. Several hundred Turks were hacked to death during the persecution.

The appearance of the Allied forces on the Putne River confused the enemy. The Turks expected to meet only Austrian troops. However, Osman Pasha was a brave commander and knew that he was opposed only by 25 thousand Russians and Austrians, and he had more 5 people. At dawn 21 July, the crossing of the Allied forces to the other side was completed. The allies were lined up in two lines: on the right flank - 9 square of the Austrians, on the left - 6 Russians. The cavalry occupied the flanks. Then began the attack on Fokshany, which were 12 versts from the river. For several hours, the Allies moved forward, repulsing the attacks of the enemy cavalry with counterstrikes of their cavalry and artillery fire. Three versts from Focshan, Russian-Austrian troops entered a large field, where the enemy was prepared for battle.

Osman Pasha, taking into account the unevenness of the terrain, placed the infantry in the trenches on the left flank, and the cavalry on the right, there the field was level, allowing to carry out full-fledged horse attacks. Around the 10 clock began the battle, with an artillery shootout and clashes of advanced cavalry formations. Russian artillery suppressed Osman Pasha’s batteries at Focsani. Then the Allied cavalry shot down the right wing of the Turkish army, the Turkish cavalry retreated. The flank of the Turkish infantry turned out to be open, which was used by the allied cavalry, which went to the order of the Turks and pressed them. Suvorov threw 2 grenadiers and 2 Jaeger battalions, assisted by Austrian infantry, to storm the Turkish fortifications in the field. Russian warriors went without firing and fired a volley just before the trenches, almost point-blank, and then hit the bayonets. The Turks did not expect such a move, and after a short resistance, they left fortifications. Much of the Turkish troops dispersed, but the most implacable sat down in the monasteries of St. Samuel and St. John. They had to be taken by storm. About the rage of the battle and the courage of the enemies says the fact that in the monastery of St. Samuel the surviving Turks did not want to surrender and blew up the powder magazine. The Turkish infantry showed the greatest courage in the battle - it was only 6 thousand people, the cavalry retreated after a short battle.

By 13 clock, the allies won a complete victory. Turks have lost 1,6 thousand people killed and captured. 12 cannons and the entire enemy camp were captured, with significant supplies of supplies and livestock. Allies lost around 400 killed. After the Battle of Focsani, the name "Topal Pasha" began to instil fear into the Turks. So they called the Russian commander for the fact that when he walked he limped a little. Appreciated the actions of Alexander Suvorov and in Vienna. Now the Austrians wanted to see at the head of the joint troops "only one Russian general." I must say that the Prince of Coburg and other Austrian commanders who served under Suvorov spoke of the Russian commander with the most sincere enthusiasm.

The victory at Focsani kept Vienna from concluding a separate peace with the Turks, as things were going badly in other areas of the theater of operations. The Austrian government was about to withdraw from the war, which did not bring victory laurels to Austria. And then a brilliant and convincing victory at Focsani. The Austrian emperor, touched by the first Allied victory, even sent a thank-you message to Suvorov.

Battle of the Rymnik 11 (22) September 1789

Forces and location of troops of the parties. After the victory at Focsani, Suvorov began to insist on the use of success before the command - it was necessary to continue the offensive in the direction of Falca in order to bring the enemy into final frustration. However Repnin hesitated, Suvorov’s proposals did not fit into the plans for the initial campaign period. Repnin's grouping was only to ensure the Potemkin offensive along the Black Sea coast to the Dniester.

At this time, the vizier, Yusuf Pasha, managed to pull off an army in the 90-100 thousand to the lower reaches of the Danube, to the Brail fortress. However, he feared a flank strike by the Repnin group and ordered Gassan Pasha’s corps to divert Russian forces from the Danube lower reaches.

The Austrians tracked the advance of the Turkish troops, and Prince Coburg informed Alexander Suvorov about the movement of the enemy troops that were approaching the Austrian camp. On the night of September 8, Suvorov raised a division and moved from Puzeni to join up with the Austrian forces. On the morning of September 10, units of Suvorov united with the allies at Focsani. In two days, 85 miles was traveled along the bad roads of the miraculous heroes of Suvorov. The Prince of Saxe-Coburg, although he was older in rank, voluntarily transferred the command of the Allied forces to the Russian commander. Alexander V. decided to attack the superior forces of the enemy. He encouraged the Austrian ally with the words: "The Turk is not so much to obscure the sun."

Under Suvorov, there were only about 7 thousand people: 4 Grenadiers, 4 Musketeers, 2 Chasseurs and 1 light musket battalions. Cavalry - 12 squadrons of Ryazan, Starodubsky and Chernigov regiments under the general command of the brigadier S. Burnashov, 2 of the Don Cossack regiment and the Arnautsk team of Sobolevsky. Artillery - 30 guns. Under the command of Prince of Coburg, there were 18 thousand men with 43 guns: 10 infantry battalions, 30 cavalry squadrons and 600 arnauts. The superiority of the Ottoman army was fourfold, and in the cavalry - overwhelming.

Combined with the Austrians, Alexander Suvorov conducted reconnaissance. The length of the field that stretched between the rivers Rymnik and Rymnaya reached 12 versts. From the captured Turks and scouts information was received that the enemy forces were located in four camps. The nearest Turkish camp was located across the river Rymna at the village of Targo-Kukuli, the second at the Kryngu-Meylor forest, the third at the Rymnik river near the village of Martinesti, the fourth at the opposite bank of Rymnik at. Odaya. The field was an elevated plateau, in the very center of which the Kryngu-Mailor Forest was located. It was just before the forest that the Turkish vizier ordered that the main position be arranged, its flanks defended deep ravines. The right flank was defended by a thick bush. On the left flank near the village of Bogza, the Turks built an earthworks.

Attack Plan Alexander Vasilievich, having studied the data received, noticed the main mistake of the Turkish command. Grand Vizier Yusuf Pasha divided his numerous army into four parts, which were located at a fairly significant distance from each other. As a result, it was possible to crush part of the enemy forces with a decisive blow until reinforcements arrived. The Russian commander did not miss the opportunity to take advantage of this "gift" from the Grand Vizier. Saken-Koburgsky agreed with the decision of Alexander Vasilyevich. Wagenburg (walk-city) was left at Focsani with a strong cover in case of a raid of the Turkish cavalry. The Allied forces were to cross the river Rymna and deliver a double blow to the nearest Turkish camp at Targo-Kukuli, and then at the enemy’s main position - at the forest Kryngu-Meylor. After the defeat of the main forces of the enemy, Suvorov planned to attack the next two Ottoman camps.

The river Rymnu allied troops had to go simultaneously in two columns. The right wing consisted of Russian troops. Given the lack of cavalry in the Suvorov column, the Prince of Saxe-Koburgsky handed Suvorov two divisions of imperial hussars under the command of Baron Greven and Major Matyashevsky. The marching order of the Russian and Austrian columns was the same: patrols and cavalry were ahead, followed by infantry and artillery. In the square, the troops were to be rebuilt with the appearance of significant enemy forces.

Battle. Allies marched after sunset on 10 September. Suvorov wrote in the report: "The night was pleasant, the sky was decorated with stars, and walked in great silence." On the way we crossed a small river Milka, where the engineers for the infantry staged many bridges. On the Rymne river, sappers under the command of engineer-major Arkady Voevodsky “founded a convenient crossing”. The steepness of the shores was fixed with a dimple tool. At dawn 11 (22) September, the Allied forces completed the crossing. Alexander Vasilyevich built his troops in two lines, where there were three quads. Cavalry arranged behind the second line of the square. The front line was commanded by Major General Alexander Andrianovich Pozdnyakov, the second by Brigadier Fyodor Antonovich von Westfalen.

The Turks in Targu Kukuly missed the approach of the enemy to their camp. Apparently, they were too sure of their superiority and did not expect a decisive attack on the significantly inferior Russian-Austrian corps. Russian troops first hid the corn, then tall weeds and shrubs. Tirgo-Kukul camp was well located. He was at low altitudes. Flanks rested in the river. Rymnu and Kayat forest. On the front of the camp covered 12-gun artillery battery. The camp was located 12-thousand. avant-garde of the Turkish army under the authority of Haji-Soitari. Basically it was the cavalry. When the first line of the Russian infantry began to rise to a height, the Turkish Pasha sent part of the cavalry to attack. However, they were stopped by the Don Cossacks. The Turks returned to the camp. Then the Turks opened artillery fire. Russian gun crews, marching in battle formations, turned around in the intervals between four of them and fired back.

The first Russian line went to the storming of the Turkish camp. Their movement slowed down a deep ravine that met on the way, which had to be overcome and then rebuilt the battle line. Haji-Soitari used this hitch to send a significant part of the convoy and troops to the rear. This indicated that he did not hope to hold his position until the main forces approached. In addition, as it turned out the Turkish avant-garde, to a large extent consisted of the remnants of Osman-Pasha's corps defeated by Focshan. The Turks were still fresh in the memories of the recent defeat.

Hadji-Soitari decided to attack the Russian troops before they hit the battery position. The Turks struck on the right-flank square, which consisted of two grenadier battalions under the command of A. V. Hastatov. The Turks swept the square on all sides, but the grenadiers held out steadily. One four of the Chasseurs battalions commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Lev Rarog came to his aid. Russian gun crews opened fire with grape-shot at close range. The Turks came under cross-gun fire. Then two Russian squares hit the bayonets. The Turks withdrew to the camp, suffering heavy losses. Trying to prevent the enemy from recovering himself, Suvorov threw cavalry into battle. Russian light cavalry went into the rear of the enemy, passed the empty camp and struck from the rear on the Turks who beat the onslaught of the Russian infantry. The enemy troops ran and scattered in the forest Kayat, others tried to hide behind the river Rybnik. Immediate prosecution of the troops of Khadzhi-Soitari allowed to finally defeat him, but Alexander Suvorov was forced to abandon this step in order not to violate the overall plan of the offensive.

By this time, the Austrian troops had already faced the enemy. Coburg's troops crossed the River Rymna below the Suvorov column. The Austrians lined up ten square and also in two lines. And here the cavalry was placed behind the second line. Before the front of the Austrians was the second enemy camp - near the forest Kryngu-Mailor. The Grand Vizier Yusuf Pasha had already had enough information about the enemy by this time. For a start, he decided to defeat the Austrian troops, which in their numbers seemed to him more dangerous than the Russians. From the Turkish camp came 20-thousand army, which attacked the Austrians, trying to break the wings of the Austrian army and cover it. The Austrians bravely met the enemy and fought a two-hour battle. Coburg reinforced the first line with parts of the second, defended the flanks with the help of cavalry. When the Turks got bogged down in battle, Coburg launched a counterattack and threw the enemy back.

The Turkish Vizier, considering that the attack on the Austrians was developing successfully, decided to simultaneously strike the Russian detachment. He entrusted this case to Osman Pasha, who wanted to justify himself for defeating Focshan. The Turkish commander, having under his command the select forces of the Ottoman cavalry (5-6 thousand people), wanted to crush the Russian flank and go into the rear of the Russian division. Alexander Vasilyevich easily guessed Osman-Pasha’s plan. He changed the location of the infantry vehicle in battle formation, and the Turks were caught in the crossfire. Destructive fire upset the enemy's orders, and the Turkish cavalry in confusion went to his camp. At this time, the Russian carabineers and Austrian hussars hit the enemy cavalry. After restoring his order, Osman Pasha repeated the attack, but the Turks could not break through to the Russian infantry — rifle salvos and cannon canister threw the enemy time after time. Osman Pasha hurried part of the cavalry, but the infantry could not stop the Russian order. Towards noon, Turkish troops everywhere retreated to the camp, where feverish digging work was taking place at that time. All Turkish attacks failed. The brave Osman Pasha fell in battle with the Russians.

Vizier located in the field fortification to 15 thsd. Janissaries, the best part of the Turkish infantry. Suvorov gave the troops half an hour to rest. At the same time, two Chasseurs battalions under the command of Lev Rarog were sent to the forest of Kayat to clear the forest of the Turks defeated at the Targo-Kukuly camp. Yusuf Pasha was the first to resume the battle: almost 40-thousand the army attacked the Austrians, trying to crush their left wing. Turkish troops attacked and Russian soldiers, but much smaller forces, limiting themselves to a shootout and cavalry attacks. Alexander Vasilyevich, realizing that a great threat was hanging over the allies, he attacked. A ram strike by the Russian division captured enemy positions near the village of Bogza. The Turks withdrew to the forest Kryngu-Mailor.

However, the Turks continued to attack the Austrian square. Suvorov decided to act according to the principle: “to surprise the enemy is to defeat him.” Therefore, Alexander Vasilyevich decided to storm the enemy trenches not with infantry, but with cavalry. Military science of that time considered this impossible. Suvorov rebuilt his forces: in the first line put all six infantry vehicles, in the second - the cavalry. The first, as usual, was infantry, but just before the forest, she missed the cavalry ahead. At the same time the attack was led by the Austrians, Suvorov warned Coburg about the attack. The general attack was preceded by a strong artillery preparation. The Turkish gunners tried to answer, but their guns quickly fell silent. The Turkish cavalry, fleeing the devastating fire, retreated into the forest. Under the artillery cannonade, allied squares approached the Turkish field fortification. Cavalry swept between the square of the square and rushed to the line of enemy trenches. The Turks were stunned. They quivered and ran. The victory was complete, thousands of Janissaries fled into the forest, saving their lives. The cavalrymen, keen on pursuit, followed the enemy into the forest, followed by the infantry. Separate groups of Turks who tried to resist could not restrain the onslaught of the rangers and the grenadier. Soon the basurman was knocked out of the forest. The Turks fled along the road that led to the village of Martinesti on the bank of the Rymnik river. There was a third enemy camp.

Yusuf Pasha tried his best to restore order to the troops in order to give a new battle, but all was useless. He even ordered to shoot at the cannons, but this did not stop the crowd. The Turkish army suffered a complete defeat. The allies pursued the enemy right up to Rymnik itself, and many Turks sank in this river. After that, Suvorov and Coburg, due to the extreme fatigue of people and horses, were ordered to stop the persecution.



Results

On the morning of September 12, the Don Cossacks and the Austrian hussars came out to the last enemy camp, but it turned out to be empty. The Turks abandoned a lot of property and retreated to the river Buseo. On the banks of this river a real tragedy broke out. The Grand Vizier, crossing the river with the vanguard, ordered to destroy the crossing. A huge army was abandoned to their fate. Overwhelmed by the fear of the Cossacks and the hussars pursuing them (in reality no one pursued them), the Turks rushed to forcibly swim the river, or knock down rafts. When the Turkish army somehow crossed the river, the Vizier was already halfway to his headquarters in Brailov. Only 15 thousand completely demoralized soldiers reached Brailov and Machin.

The Ottoman Empire did not know such a crushing defeat. In this battle, the Turks lost 15-20 thousand killed, about 400 people captured, about 80 guns and mortars, 100 flags, a huge amount of military property, thousands of horses, mules, etc. The Allied corps lost about 500 people killed (Suvorov miracle -the rich people lost 179 people killed and wounded).

Alexander Vasilyevich was awarded the highest military award of the empire - the Order of the Holy Great Martyr and Victorious George 1 class, he was awarded the title of count with the name Rymniki. The Austrian emperor elevated Suvorov to the earl (Reich graph) dignity of the Holy Roman Empire. Russian commander took care of awarding the most distinguished commanders: Lieutenant-General Derfelden Prince Shakhovsky, Brigadier Levashov, Westphalen and Burnashova, colonels Miklashevsky, Polivanov Vladychino, Sherstneva, Bardakova, Zolotukhin, lieutenant Rarog, Hastatova and others.

The Austrians spoke of Suvorov's warriors with the highest words: "... there is no measure of their obedience, loyalty, determination, and courage ... They stand like a wall and everyone must fall before them."
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6 comments
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  1. +3
    22 September 2012 09: 34
    Turks constantly received from us)) oh yes Russian soldiers, oh yes well done)
  2. +3
    22 September 2012 10: 29
    Yeah! There were no equal Suvorov and his miraculous heroes in those days !!!
  3. yacht
    +3
    22 September 2012 11: 16
    Russian-Austrian troops under the command of the great Suvorov won the battle at Rymnik. Unfortunately, the expression about the victory of the Russian troops in this battle is often used, completely forgetting about the participation of the Austrian troops in this battle, which is at least incorrect.
    1. Brother Sarych
      +3
      22 September 2012 14: 23
      But where would the glorious Austrians be if their fighting spirit were not supported by Suvorov?
  4. Brother Sarych
    +5
    22 September 2012 14: 22
    Yes, the Generalissimo Count Suvorov-Rymniksky, the Prince of Italy, if memory serves, the Duke of the Holy Roman Empire, but this is only later, here is almost the beginning of the glorious path ...
    By the way, the mistake of the Turks many years later was repeated by the British, seeding in fortified camps in North Africa, Rommel took advantage of historical experience and consistently poured the English ...
  5. +2
    22 September 2012 16: 37
    Here is another DAY OF RUSSIAN MILITARY GLORY!
    Even then, the soldiers had a saying "Russians on the Prut - Turks on Seret!"
    1. Horde
      0
      22 September 2012 21: 12
      Even then, the soldiers had a saying "Russians on the Prut - Turks on Seret!"


      There was no such proverb, there was such a "Russian for a rod, Romanians for a seret" and a saying was born not in the time of Suvorov, but much later in the 19th century during the liberation of the Balkans, when the Romanians were allies of the Russians. Our opinion about the Romanian army was low.
  6. 16
    16
    +1
    22 September 2012 22: 38
    Even without reading articles and comments, glory to Suvorov and the Russian soldier !!!!!!!
  7. Horde
    +1
    23 September 2012 00: 13
    Count Alexander Vasilievich Suvorov 1729-1800 winner of the Turks at Rymnik.
    These are facts known to everyone from school textbooks. It would seem the life of Suvorov, who lived recently
    at the end of the 18th century it is completely known, but in the biography of Suvorov there are a lot of dark spots.
    historians are completely not interested in discovering new unknown facts of those years, and they are
    very interesting.
    It turns out that the Ural Mountains used to be called the Rymnitsky Mountains, and the Ural-Yaik River was
    actually Rymnik (Rimn.) As evidenced by the old maps.




    What does it mean? These names were taken away from their historical places and transferred to Romanian
    place names in order to hide the TRUTH. Count Suvorov -Rymnitsky received an extension to his
    surnames not in battles with the Turks, but after the defeat of the so-called Pugachevsky rebellion, which in fact
    It was a full-scale war between the two states of Romanov Russia and Moscow Tartaria.
    It is assumed that Rymnitsky Suvorov was assigned for the victory over Moscow Tartaria.


    In Romania, the river before the renaming after was of another name Rybnik.
    Those who love history and want to know the truth about the history of their great country should read it themselves
    book by Nosovsky, Fomenko "Pugachev, Suvorov, the secret of Siberian-American history."
    interesting facts.
  8. -1
    23 September 2012 18: 35
    Glory to Russian weapons !!!!!!! Glory to our valiant ancestors !!!!!!!!!!!
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    0
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