Katana: a weapon that has become part of Japanese culture

35

One of the most famous Japanese cold species in popular culture. weapons - a long sword with a two-handed grip, called a katana. This name is familiar even to those people who are far from studying Japan and the historiography of Japanese edged weapons as such. If the feature film is in Japanese historical topic, then most often - a katana, if the anime is about samurai, then again a katana.

If we talk about the direct translation of the word "katana" into Russian, then it is problematic to find a direct analogue. Therefore, most often they use a simplified version - "saber", which does not quite accurately reflect the very essence of the weapon.



Often, the "Hollywoodization" of world cinema leads to outright mistakes when demonstrating not only how the katana was used, but also how it was worn. One of the frequent "blunders" of modern filmmakers is a samurai with a katana almost in the XNUMXth century, although it is officially believed that this type of weapon appeared in the XNUMXth century. Another common mistake - the hero's katana appears now on the right, now on the left on the belt, and even at home. Firstly, when entering the house, the samurai took out his sword from his belt, and secondly, the tradition of wearing a katana - on the left side, always in a sheath.

The peculiarity of making a katana - a weapon that has become a part of Japanese culture - is forging in layers. Individual pieces of steel, which have passed the slag removal procedure, are repeatedly folded during forging, resulting in an amazing structure resembling the finest puff pastry. Instead of a dough - high-quality steel, and usually two of its types in terms of "softness".

Voennoye Obozreniye is forced to remind that the unlicensed manufacture of weapons is punishable by law.

The video below from Random Hands showcases a variation from the modern katana craftsman. Attention is drawn to what this Japanese sword is forged from - from a piece of rusty chain. But what happens in the end - even an experienced specialist will not immediately say that medieval technology was not followed.

35 comments
Information
Dear reader, to leave comments on the publication, you must sign in.
  1. +2
    30 December 2021 18: 06
    Japan is the mother of a fairy tale ... negative
  2. +8
    30 December 2021 18: 08
    good metal, now maybe more than in the 15th century in Japan, so it's not surprising. there are blacksmiths who "can".
    1. +3
      30 December 2021 19: 34
      Quote: Aerodrome
      good metal, now maybe more than in the 15th century in Japan, so it's not surprising. there are blacksmiths who "can".

      and a good swordsman and a wooden sword are a good help smile
      1. 0
        7 February 2022 10: 11
        Quote: Flood
        Quote: Aerodrome
        good metal, now maybe more than in the 15th century in Japan, so it's not surprising. there are blacksmiths who "can".

        and a good swordsman and a wooden sword are a good help smile

        A wooden sword is very suitable for a good swindler) Like Miyamoto Musashi, a cheerful deceiver who mocked the samurai tradition and katana all his life.
        A heavy crowbar, and even in the hands of a small warrior who has been eating rice all his life, this weapon is very so-so. Plus, the crappy quality of this pathetic contraption, which forced the development of fencing techniques that did not involve receiving an opponent's blow on the blade. The ancient and well-deserved katana crumbles like glass from such a technique. Or they both fall apart. And the "unique" forging technique does not help at all)
        What conclusion does a person with a clear mind draw from all this? He picks up a wooden stick. Which is several times lighter than a stupid katana. Opponents will not be able to cut a stick with a blade right away - there are simply no such blows in Japanese fencing technique! All that remains is to knock out the brains of the enemy as quickly as possible, until he realizes what is happening here))
        The katana is a shitty weapon in the hands of a fool. Funny...
        1. 0
          7 February 2022 10: 16
          Quote: Mikhail3
          He picks up a wooden stick. Which is several times lighter than a stupid katana.

          nothing easier
          otherwise there is no use in training with a wooden sword
          and remember Musashi's duel with an oar
          1. 0
            7 February 2022 10: 22
            Yes, I remember) This training sword is heavier, and the sticks with which Musashi knocked the brains out of stupid heads are much lighter. And who told you that a stick cut from an oar was heavy?! Do you focus on crooked hands, the usual skill level of a couch warrior? Musashi couldn't afford it)
            As a child, I once watched the work of a real master carpenter of the old school. He made a type-setting wall from wooden boards. Well, I dropped the pencil, it broke ... The master winked at me, took his carpenter's ax and sharpened the pencil. Axe. He put the pencil upright, like a stake on a deck, and sharpened it with sweeping blows. I still remember how he did it. A real Master made a very big impression on me. Then for several years I tried, if not to learn like that, then at least to approach this level. Something worked.)
            I assure you, Musashi cut out of the oar exactly the kind of stick he needed.
  3. +6
    30 December 2021 18: 21
    Before the katana, there was a straight tsurugi. And only ninjas wore a sword behind their backs. Today, only the lazy does not forge these katanas, they are sold at least with a blade, at least with a product.
  4. +4
    30 December 2021 18: 41
    I assume there is a clearer picture here:

  5. +7
    30 December 2021 18: 56
    Dear Author, thanks for the video!)))
    I watched it with great pleasure. In one of the series of books about the Pripyat Zone, the katana is the weapon of the Japanese stalker (Major Victor Savelyev). In the Middle Ages, the katana was made for a very long time and, being the product of some famous master, received its own name from the owner.
    1. +18
      30 December 2021 19: 15
      Alas, only very expensive blades of decent quality were made for a long time. And there were very few of them. The bulk - apparently was sheer junk. Like almost all Japanese crafts. No wonder they pounced on European cuirasses and helmets. The reason is simple - well, they don't have good iron ore! And - it never happened. Moreover, the katana is largely a status thing, the main weapon of a samurai is a bow and a spear ..
      \
      So it is an overly publicized thing, which has value in exclusively Japanese conditions. I would like to look at a samurai - against a European fighter, not even in white armor, but simply in a decent hauberk, without a brigantine, but - with a shield and a bastard, or say with an ax .. I'm afraid - the vaunted katana would very quickly turn into a saw, with such and such a sharpening and edge hardening ..
      1. +12
        30 December 2021 19: 32
        You write correctly. Fights consisted of standing up and one or two punches. It's worth ringing in the movies.
        1. +9
          30 December 2021 21: 49
          Exactly. Why, say, European swords never sharpened into a razor, and the edges were not heated to the stop like in katanas? Because it meant some kind of collision with the sword, shield and armor of the enemy .. I would like to take care of the sword - not every chink can be straightened .. And with a reheated edge .. Katana, at least in the form we know from the 18th century , a purely dueling weapon against the enemy in hakams and slippers .. Here - yes, I agree, against a naked carcass - a terrible thing ..
      2. +7
        30 December 2021 21: 07
        However, I agree. Overly hyped. I admit that there were a few quite decent blades, but made of imported iron / steel. And so, there is evidence of the Russian-Japanese war, which say that this blade did not even turn into a saw, but simply broke or was cut off by a simple combat Cossack saber.
        1. +7
          30 December 2021 21: 42
          Actually - and the vaunted nonecha forging something from the type of a thousand layers exclusively from poverty, otherwise the slag from shitty steel cannot be knocked out in any way .. So they got out as best they could .. Avon - European blades, say Toledo, without all this multilayer forging somehow got along and were famous all over the world ..
      3. +2
        30 December 2021 23: 31
        Your comment saved me the trouble of typing.
        And you can simply join.
        Which is what I am doing.
      4. -1
        31 December 2021 02: 46
        But the condition of the edge will not be the biggest problem of the katana, because it will almost certainly bend with the letter S, or the letter G.
    2. +1
      30 December 2021 21: 07
      Quote: depressant
      In the Middle Ages, the katana was made for a very long time.

      Well, yes ... As they ordered knives from us to the circus, I sharpened them for two months, not because that was not there, but because I was reluctant.
      1. +3
        30 December 2021 23: 39
        Well, the Japanese have a different reason. They did everything slowly and sadly and without fail with "out of Mikoyan's" (c) - Alexander Nikonov "The *** ay book". Take the same woodworking. Fish sea, well, at least you can cook fish glue? Not - in a zugite not only glue, in general, no fasteners are used))) Therefore, they will sculpt the bench for six months.
        Or I remember, the photo struck - 1946, Sakhalin, the Japanese then stayed and even very willingly went to collective farms. A Japanese man sits on all fours in front of a log, the thickness of a Japanese, and holding a hatchet with a blade about 4 cm wide, bales there something resembling a log cup. Yes, he will not be in time for his life!
        1. 0
          10 January 2022 09: 27
          It seems that the ears grow from Taoism - the main thing is not the result, the main thing is the process)))
  6. +2
    30 December 2021 20: 10
    Interestingly, how would the word "sorcerer" pronounced by the Japanese sound, taking into account the fact that with the sound "e" in Japanese speech everything is not very unambiguous?
  7. +2
    30 December 2021 20: 11
    Chinese pirates, whose direct descendants are the Japanese, completely destroyed the culture of the Ainu. At the root.
    This is what I know.
    I also know that the katana does not hold a side blow.
    Many people are mistaken when watching "Kill Bill" that the boy's katana is junk, it breaks.
    Side impact, which should not be in battle.
    Only the deckhouse from top to bottom.
    As always, my personal opinion.
  8. +4
    30 December 2021 20: 21
    About the katana ... reasoning at the level of a pimply noob.))
    In general, a katana is not so much a sword as a part of the samurai's soul and, in general, the culture of that country. But here, in order to understand ALL THIS, you need to delve into their world (the world of the samurai, which, oddly enough, is not so far from the world of Russian men at arms), which we have practically lost. Yes, and they, then, although they are still a clan state with some modern characteristics. In a sense, we are, albeit from a different angle.

    And to hell with them, with swords. Everything is more than complicated there.
    This is not the main thing. The main structure of the state and its goal-setting.
    Again, some "clever Internet" distract from the main thing ... ((
    1. +2
      31 December 2021 05: 42
      the relationship between the samurai and their students and subordinates was quite peculiar of course.
      1. +1
        31 December 2021 15: 05
        Quote: Free Wind
        the relationship between the samurai and their student subordinates was quite peculiar of course.

        Undoubtedly.
        There is also a relationship between "ordinary" samurai and their Daimyo.
        In general, this is not a secret, the word "samurai" means "to serve."
        What can be permanently interesting is that Japan has remained in that worldview, almost since the days of "brilliant isolation". Those. they, in a sense, remain in a feudal state, where everything is divided into samurai clans and yakuza clans.
        Everything has been divided there for a long time and has remained so for hundreds of years.
    2. +2
      10 January 2022 00: 18
      Quote: Al_lexx
      About the katana ... reasoning at the level of a pimply noob.))
      In general, a katana is not so much a sword as a part of the samurai's soul and, in general, the culture of that country. But here, in order to understand ALL THIS, you need to delve into their world (the world of the samurai, which, oddly enough, is not so far from the world of Russian men at arms),
      ... ((
      There is a Japanese word - tsujigiri - can be translated like this - try out a new sword on a random passer-by.
      There is Japanese Bundori - samurai trophy after the battle - severed enemy head - the head had to have a mustache and a beard, so that there was no doubt that it was a woman. I washed my head, styled my hair, put it on rice powder to absorb blood. The most noble heads blackened teeth - to emphasize high status. Artistic samurai heads made do with straw bedding.
      Bundori.
      You can also add that there was a position shitoku - a person who checks the quality of the katana blade. For verification, they could use prisoners sentenced to death. This verification method was called tameshigiri... When checking in the prison, a whole commission was assembled, with the obligatory presence of the chief superintendent of the prison.
      hi
      1. -1
        10 January 2022 01: 23
        Thank you!
        Great addition!
  9. +3
    30 December 2021 20: 34
    Quote: paul3390
    The reason is simple - well, they don't have good iron ore! And - it never happened.

    Quite right. And with the help of forging layers, zinc was removed from the steel, of which there was a large surplus in the Japanese ore.
    1. +3
      30 December 2021 21: 17
      Don't mistake it for boring. I don’t understand how zinc can be knocked out with the help of shock technology.
      Neutral comrade.
      Hint to him that he will soon ogreb?
      Thank you.
      According to my information, the melting of steel was unique, and like damask, Damascus was a composite.
      Unpredictable product.
      Compote.
      Personally, my opinion is that I do not want to either offend or offend anyone.
    2. +1
      31 December 2021 00: 46
      More details about zinc removal, please. I've never heard or read about this. I think others will be interested too.
    3. +1
      31 December 2021 01: 16
      Reread Metallurgical Technologies.
      In steelmaking, zinc removal is mentioned, but at the blast furnace stage, zinc sublimation (respectively removal) occurs. Nothing is said about the removal of zinc at the stage of machining (forging) ...
  10. +1
    30 December 2021 23: 43
    http://www.kuznec.com/odamasc.html
    Everything is well stated here.
    So that they do not endow the welding steel with mythical properties.
  11. 0
    31 December 2021 01: 06
    They never went to battle with a katana. It's like a Georgian / Armenian well or there. go to the attack with a Turk .... with a dagger. It's like a checker - a blow or a pair of sword, and then as you are lucky. Moreover, the armor of the Japanese and Koreans and ordinary infantrymen was riveted from leather soaked in sea salt. There was no armor or chain mail.
    For the lowest ranks at all - in the first attack - your three mats were, again soaked in salt.
    1. +1
      31 December 2021 08: 21
      Read about the Caucasian wars - after the battle, the vast majority of those killed were with dagger wounds. A dagger in one hand, a saber in the other. Of course, on foot. As in Europe with Daga.
  12. -1
    2 January 2022 09: 17
    Great! But the tsuba is terrible. It spoils everything!
  13. 0
    10 January 2022 13: 34
    Very, very weak text about nothing. There are Bazhenov's monographs "The Creation of the Japanese Sword" and two more.
    By the way of wearing - RK up, the katana is an analogue of a checker, not a saber. The saber is worn by the RK downward.