Browning year after year
Browning decides
And the British
They started shooting.
"Jeannette" P. Gandelman, 1940
History firearms weapons. On VO, articles have been published more than once, which described in detail the biography of John Moses Browning and about the various types of firearms he developed. Today, continuing the pistol series, we will tell you about his pistols, created by Browning year after year. So…
The history of his very first pistol, which later saw the light, began back in 1895. It was then that he offered the Colt company a pistol, which he had invented, apparently "by inertia," with automatic equipment operating by removing powder gases from the barrel according to ... the scheme of a machine gun he had just constructed! The only difference was that the machine gun had the shutter lever under the barrel, and on the pistol - above it. But ... the company didn't like him.
Browning was not discouraged and presented a new version - with automation, acting by using the recoil of a massive shutter casing, which was connected to a return spring and was not fastened to the barrel at the time of the shot. The system was designed for a relatively low-power cartridge of .32 caliber (7,65 mm), so it also "did not show up" to the company, since it was counting on a "pistol for the army."
But what the Americans did not like, the Europeans liked.
In particular, the president of the FN company Charles de Marmot, who on July 17, 1897 signed a contract with John Moses Browning for the production of this pistol under the designation FN Browning model 1900.
The production of the pistol was started in two versions: a larger one with a barrel length of 122 mm, and a shorter one with a barrel of 102 mm. The cartridge for it, a sample of 1896, 7,65 × 17 mm (7,62x17mm SR) was also a Browning design.
And it was this pistol that led the beginning of the victorious march of self-loading pistols across the planet.
It was adopted by the Belgian army, then the gendarmerie, and from 1903 it became a weapon of the police in Denmark and Finland, Norway and Croatia, and then Luxembourg. In Russia, officers of the Russian Imperial Army were allowed to buy it for wearing out of order ... at their own expense.
But real success awaited this pistol in the civilian market.
Flat, easy to carry in a vest pocket, not to mention a coat pocket, Browning (and its name became a household name for self-loading pistols of those years) turned out to be an ideal weapon not only for defending in an emergency, but also for ... various assassins there, as well as revolutionaries and terrorists who literally flooded Europe at the very beginning of the twentieth century.
So, it was from the Browning that the anarchist and secret police agent Dmitry Bogrov (agent nickname Alensky) on September 1, 1911, in the theater of the city of Kiev, shot at Pyotr Stolypin. From instant death in the theater itself, Stolypin was saved by the cross of St. Vladimir. The bullet crushed him and ... passed the heart, but for the then medicine this wound was still fatal.
Three years later, Gavrilo Princip, also from the 1910 Browning, kills Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife in Sarajevo, which eventually became the pretext for the First World War.
Browning served as the murder weapon of the Governor-General of Finland Bobrikov and the Japanese politician Ito Hirobumi. By the way, the Socialist-Revolutionary Fanny Kaplan, who attempted to assassinate Lenin in 1918, also shot at him from a Browning, and the 1900 model No. 150489.
High quality and the ability to freely buy Browning at an affordable price in almost any city in pre-revolutionary Russia led to the fact that Browning at that time was armed with all and sundry.
Thus, the newspaper "Penza Provincial News" dated December 3, 1906 reported that the night before, two Browning men armed with automatic pistols entered the city pharmacy on Moskovskaya Street, that is, right in the center of the city, and demanded money ... "for the revolution ". They emptied the entire cash register and left quietly. The robbers did not touch the pharmacist who rushed to pursue them (since they took away the salary due to him along with the proceeds), but the policeman who tried to detain the robbers paid for it with his life - he was killed by gunshots at point-blank range! At the same time, the newspaper turned to the City Duma with a demand to restore order on the streets and did not even bother to offer at least money to raise money to help the widow of the deceased, who was left without a breadwinner, and besides, she also had two small children in her arms!
The widespread use of Brownings in life at a certain period in the history of cinema caused their active demonstration on the movie screen.
For example, in the movie Lenin in 1918, not only Fanny Kaplan shoots Lenin with it, but the Cheka officers who guarded him are also armed with Browning.
In the movie "The Sixth of July", it is shown how Lenin takes a pistol from a drawer of his writing desk, apparently intending to sell his life to the rebels dearly, and this pistol is also a Browning!
The Browning High Power pistol of the 1935 model (we will definitely tell you about it in the next article) shoots at the villains who stole the Soviet ship along with the crew, and the hero of Pavel Remezov from the adventure film "Pirates of the XX century". True, he appears in this film only once.
In 1903, the FN 1903 Browning pistol appeared - a single-action pistol, the second in the FN pistol series, also known as the Browning No. 2. It was developed in 1902, patented in 1903, and produced until 1930.
At the same time Browning modified the 1900 model for the Colt firm, produced under the name "Colt M1903 pocket pistol" chambered for .32ACP (7,65 mm). Both Colt and the Belgian company FN produced it together. Moreover, in Europe, the M1903 was adopted by the armies of Belgium, Germany, Turkey, Sweden, and also became a very popular pistol in the police.
TTX "Browning" M 1903:
Caliber: 9x20 mm SR Browning Long
Empty weight: 930 g
Length: 205 mm
Barrel length: 127 mm
Capacity: 7 rounds (9mm).
In Sweden, the Husqvarna company produced it from 1917 to 1942 under the name 9mm M / 1907.
In the United States, this pistol has become a popular civil defense weapon, but it was also in circulation among high-ranking officers. FN produced just under 60 M000 pistols and 1903 units for the Husqvarna company.
Business is business. And by 1910, it became clear that the potential of the M1900 pistol had been exhausted. Therefore, Browning developed two models at once for the FN company and the Colt company that year.
The Americans did not like the pistol, but in Belgium they considered it possible to start its production. And they started ... Moreover, the 1910 model was first produced under the 7,65 × 17 mm cartridge, but from 1912 a model appeared under the 9 × 17 mm cartridge.
It is convenient to hold it in your hand, although the handle is somewhat small.
The pistol externally and structurally was very different from the previous sample.
For the first time in a serially produced pistol, the bolt return spring was put on the barrel. Thanks to this, the dimensions of the shutter-casing and the pistol as a whole have been reduced. This scheme was later adopted by many designers.
Although she also has a drawback: overheating of the spring from the barrel during prolonged and high-speed shooting. But this drawback is not critical for such a pistol, after all, no one was going to release from it store after store.
In 1923, the Kingdom of Croats, Serbs and Slovenes (later Yugoslavia) ordered 60 pistols from FN, and the weapon was supposed to have a 000 mm barrel and an eight-round magazine.
The fastest solution to fulfill the order was to lengthen the barrel of the 1910 pistol and increase the magazine's capacity. To further reduce costs, FN has developed a small extension tube at the front of the barrel.
This weapon was also used in the German army under the name "pistole 626 (b)". His magazine held 9 rounds of 7,65 × 17 mm or 8 rounds of 9 × 17 mm.
The 1922 model was also very popular and was in service with the armies of several European states. The same Yugoslavia, in addition to 60 thousand 9-mm pistols mod. 1910/1922, in 1930 ordered another 20; Greece in 000-1926 purchased 1929; and in total, before the start of World War II, 9 980 pistols mod. 91/449, and their production continued after the war until 1910.
Some of these pistols bear the Waffenamt mark (denoting weapons produced by FN during the German occupation). Moreover, the pistols for the armed forces differed. For example, pistols for the Navy on the top of the bolt have an image of the anchor.
To be continued ...
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