Gregory Maksimovich Berg: the roads of the Napoleonic Wars. The military way of the Russian officer
In the gallery of remarkable Russian Tsarist officers, who achieved their personal courage and ability to competently organize attacks by subordinate armed units on the battlefield, stands Gregory Maksimovich Berg.
The genus Berg belongs to the genus Livonia military nobles. Father Gregory Maksimovich was the son of Livland Landrat (the post of elected adviser) and also a military man (who had served as a commander-in-chief), who participated in many campaigns against the Prussians and Swedes during the reign of Empress Elizaveta Petrovna. . V. Suvorov.
Gregory Maksimovich Berg was born in 1765 year in the private estate of Lunia, which belonged to his maternal uncle, field marshal Kh. A. Minikh. About the nobility of the Berg family and its proximity to the royal court says the fact that Berg's successors at baptism became the Empress Catherine and Count Orlov, who at that time was her favorite.
As it was often practiced by nobles, thirteen-year-old Gregory Berg is recorded as a sergeant of the Siberian Infantry Regiment. In 1782, Berg is made a lieutenant and appointed as chief auditor of the Livonia division.
Already in the rank of second major in the Nevsky Infantry Regiment, Gregory Berg speaks during the Finnish campaign 1788 of the year. Here, leading a small detachment, Berg managed to distinguish himself in battles with the Swedes at St. Mikkele and Pumalosund.
In the 1790 year, in the bloody battles of Pardakoske, he received his first combat wound with a canister in his left leg right through. In August of the same year, Berg was sent to Catherine with a report on the acceptance of peace in this war.
1794 year already found Lieutenant Colonel Berg in the Polish campaign, during which he participated in the battles of Vilna (which Russian troops, defeating the Polish confederates, as a result took).
A little later, Grigory Maksimovich was transferred to the Tambov regiment, where he received the rank of colonel in 1797.
20 August 1798, Gregory Bergu was granted the rank of major general, and at the same time he was appointed chief of the musketeer regiment stationed in Kostroma (the future Ukrainian chasseurs regiment).
The rapid rise of Grigory Maksimovich Berg on the military career, due to the fact that he was a really brilliant Russian officer, naturally could not please his colleagues, and at the end of 1800, he was accused of wasting regimental means and dismissed from the army. However, justice triumphed after a week, after a short investigation of the case by the relevant authorities: On November 19, Grigory Berg was reinstated in military service and appointed head of the Little Russian Grenadier Regiment.
It is with this regiment, as part of the army of Kutuzov Berg, in 1805, he is taking part in a military campaign in Bavaria. Serving in the rearguard troops of General Bagration, Berg distinguished himself in the battles of Amsteten and Austerlitz. And in the battle near Amstetenom, Berg was again (quite curiously enough) wounded: the bullet on the outlet "hit" him in the mouth, knocking out two teeth, and right there (in the mouth) got stuck. For the heroism shown in this battle, Grigory Maksimovich receives the Vladimir cross of the 3 degree.
Our hero was not injured in the battle of Austerlitz: after receiving two contusions in his left leg, Berg fell down impotently and was captured by the French. This event is described in the "Short stories 10 of the Little Grenadier Regiment "by a certain R. I. Pravikov in these words:" ... When our regiment, caught among others by surprise, by Napoleon’s unexpected attack, came to some frustration, Major General Berg took in his hands one of the regimental banners, gathered around him the people of the regiment and held them for a long time under the onslaught of the French; but superiority overcame our heroes: the wounded regiment commander fell to the ground, was surrounded by the enemy and captured; the banner was saved by the retreating parts of our regiment. "
In captivity, Gregory Berg, however, lingered for a while. In 1806, he returns to Russia, and in the fall of this year he performs with his glorious grenadiers on the Turkish campaign (in this campaign, he didn’t have a chance to show himself in fights). October 20 1806 of the year Berg was appointed commandant of the city of Revel, whom he stayed until the beginning of World War 1812.
23 March 1812 of the Year Grigori Maksimovich Berg receives the 5 Infantry Division, which is part of the corps of Count P.H. Wittgenstein, under his command. Being always among those who are fighting on the front lines, Berg was a member of many major battles of World War II.
The battles of 18 and 19 of July near the village of Klyastitsy and the battle of 20 of July 1812 of the year near the village of Golovchitsa brought to Berg a new rank of lieutenant general. The fights at the end of July on the Svol'na River and on August 5-6 near Polotsk brought not only a new award (Order of St. Anne 1 degree), but also another wound to the left side.
Two months later, the injury did not prevent Berg from participating in the pursuit of Napoleon’s army and, having distinguished himself in battles under the same 6-7 October of October 1812 in Polotsk, received the Order of Saint Vladimir of 2.
October 19 he participated in the battle of the place Chashnikov. In early November, 1812, Gregory Berg commanded the left wing of the troops and fought off the attacking attempts of the French marshal Victor, later forcing him to flee in the battle of Studeyanka.
In the 1913 campaign of the year, Gregory Berg began by participating in the blockade of Danzig (19-26 in January), and later with his corps consisting of 8 thousand people he moved to join the army of Count Wittgenstein. February 27 Berg enters Berlin, and a month later defends the Prussian capital in the battle of Mokern.
For personal courage and skillful actions in military operations on the territory of Prussia, Berg is almost one of the first Russian generals to receive the Prussian Order of the Red Eagle, the 1 degree.
Activating offensive tactics, Napoleon gives the Russian troops the battles of Lutzen and Bautzen, near Reichenbach. Defending the village of Gross-Gershen, Gregory Berg showed himself from the best side, an unprecedentedly brave man: by sending waves of his troops one after the other, Napoleon tried to capture this strategically important place for himself, but without success. Gross-Gershen Berg defended to the last, leaving him to the enemy only with the general retreat of the Russian troops across the Elster River, and it is not surprising that the command of St. George 3 of St. George gave him this brilliant feat of arms.
The battle of Reichenbach brought another wound to Berg, and again in the left leg, which served as his return to Russia for treatment.
Returning to Russia, Grigory Maksimovich Berg gratefully accepted the generous remuneration from the emperor for military successes in World War 1812, and left to fulfill the post of commandant of the military fortress of the city of Revel, which he had not left until the end of his life.
In 1823, in gratitude for the good military service, Bergu was granted the rank of General from Infantry, was awarded several honorary orders, and eventually he was appointed to the post of Revelsky military governor.
In the 1832 year, Berg was dismissed, and a year later, due to family unrest, died.
In the military gallery of the Winter Palace, you can still see in the exhibition a portrait of Gregory Maximovich Berg painted by the artist Dow George. A stern middle-aged man with clever eyes is looking at us from the canvas. On it is a uniform with lush epaulets, testifying to his high rank, the military chest is hung with multiple combat awards. The overall mood of the picture is permeated with solemnity and a kind of grandeur, and it conveys well symbolizes Gregory Berg, in whose figure the solemnity of the Russian military machine and its glorious weaponswhich allowed to solve tasks of truly planetary scale in those glorious times.
And I want to believe that while this portrait of Berg will hang in a number of other portraits of remarkable Russian military leaders, we will not forget the name of this brilliant Russian officer and true patriot of Russia.
Sources:
1) http://www.novodostup.ru/otstuplenie - The retreat of the French army
2) http://www.gazetavyborg.ru/?q=gazeta&art_id=25748&num_id=25741 -
Heroes of the era of a strong, glorious era, you really are not
3) http://mirslovarei.com/content_bigbioenc/berg-grigorij-maksimovich-35738.html - Berg's biography
4) http://www.rulex.ru/rpg/portraits/34/34179.htm - Portrait of Berg
5) Wikipedia.
The genus Berg belongs to the genus Livonia military nobles. Father Gregory Maksimovich was the son of Livland Landrat (the post of elected adviser) and also a military man (who had served as a commander-in-chief), who participated in many campaigns against the Prussians and Swedes during the reign of Empress Elizaveta Petrovna. . V. Suvorov.
Gregory Maksimovich Berg was born in 1765 year in the private estate of Lunia, which belonged to his maternal uncle, field marshal Kh. A. Minikh. About the nobility of the Berg family and its proximity to the royal court says the fact that Berg's successors at baptism became the Empress Catherine and Count Orlov, who at that time was her favorite.
As it was often practiced by nobles, thirteen-year-old Gregory Berg is recorded as a sergeant of the Siberian Infantry Regiment. In 1782, Berg is made a lieutenant and appointed as chief auditor of the Livonia division.
Already in the rank of second major in the Nevsky Infantry Regiment, Gregory Berg speaks during the Finnish campaign 1788 of the year. Here, leading a small detachment, Berg managed to distinguish himself in battles with the Swedes at St. Mikkele and Pumalosund.
In the 1790 year, in the bloody battles of Pardakoske, he received his first combat wound with a canister in his left leg right through. In August of the same year, Berg was sent to Catherine with a report on the acceptance of peace in this war.
1794 year already found Lieutenant Colonel Berg in the Polish campaign, during which he participated in the battles of Vilna (which Russian troops, defeating the Polish confederates, as a result took).
A little later, Grigory Maksimovich was transferred to the Tambov regiment, where he received the rank of colonel in 1797.
20 August 1798, Gregory Bergu was granted the rank of major general, and at the same time he was appointed chief of the musketeer regiment stationed in Kostroma (the future Ukrainian chasseurs regiment).
The rapid rise of Grigory Maksimovich Berg on the military career, due to the fact that he was a really brilliant Russian officer, naturally could not please his colleagues, and at the end of 1800, he was accused of wasting regimental means and dismissed from the army. However, justice triumphed after a week, after a short investigation of the case by the relevant authorities: On November 19, Grigory Berg was reinstated in military service and appointed head of the Little Russian Grenadier Regiment.
It is with this regiment, as part of the army of Kutuzov Berg, in 1805, he is taking part in a military campaign in Bavaria. Serving in the rearguard troops of General Bagration, Berg distinguished himself in the battles of Amsteten and Austerlitz. And in the battle near Amstetenom, Berg was again (quite curiously enough) wounded: the bullet on the outlet "hit" him in the mouth, knocking out two teeth, and right there (in the mouth) got stuck. For the heroism shown in this battle, Grigory Maksimovich receives the Vladimir cross of the 3 degree.
Our hero was not injured in the battle of Austerlitz: after receiving two contusions in his left leg, Berg fell down impotently and was captured by the French. This event is described in the "Short stories 10 of the Little Grenadier Regiment "by a certain R. I. Pravikov in these words:" ... When our regiment, caught among others by surprise, by Napoleon’s unexpected attack, came to some frustration, Major General Berg took in his hands one of the regimental banners, gathered around him the people of the regiment and held them for a long time under the onslaught of the French; but superiority overcame our heroes: the wounded regiment commander fell to the ground, was surrounded by the enemy and captured; the banner was saved by the retreating parts of our regiment. "
In captivity, Gregory Berg, however, lingered for a while. In 1806, he returns to Russia, and in the fall of this year he performs with his glorious grenadiers on the Turkish campaign (in this campaign, he didn’t have a chance to show himself in fights). October 20 1806 of the year Berg was appointed commandant of the city of Revel, whom he stayed until the beginning of World War 1812.
23 March 1812 of the Year Grigori Maksimovich Berg receives the 5 Infantry Division, which is part of the corps of Count P.H. Wittgenstein, under his command. Being always among those who are fighting on the front lines, Berg was a member of many major battles of World War II.
The battles of 18 and 19 of July near the village of Klyastitsy and the battle of 20 of July 1812 of the year near the village of Golovchitsa brought to Berg a new rank of lieutenant general. The fights at the end of July on the Svol'na River and on August 5-6 near Polotsk brought not only a new award (Order of St. Anne 1 degree), but also another wound to the left side.
Two months later, the injury did not prevent Berg from participating in the pursuit of Napoleon’s army and, having distinguished himself in battles under the same 6-7 October of October 1812 in Polotsk, received the Order of Saint Vladimir of 2.
October 19 he participated in the battle of the place Chashnikov. In early November, 1812, Gregory Berg commanded the left wing of the troops and fought off the attacking attempts of the French marshal Victor, later forcing him to flee in the battle of Studeyanka.
In the 1913 campaign of the year, Gregory Berg began by participating in the blockade of Danzig (19-26 in January), and later with his corps consisting of 8 thousand people he moved to join the army of Count Wittgenstein. February 27 Berg enters Berlin, and a month later defends the Prussian capital in the battle of Mokern.
For personal courage and skillful actions in military operations on the territory of Prussia, Berg is almost one of the first Russian generals to receive the Prussian Order of the Red Eagle, the 1 degree.
Activating offensive tactics, Napoleon gives the Russian troops the battles of Lutzen and Bautzen, near Reichenbach. Defending the village of Gross-Gershen, Gregory Berg showed himself from the best side, an unprecedentedly brave man: by sending waves of his troops one after the other, Napoleon tried to capture this strategically important place for himself, but without success. Gross-Gershen Berg defended to the last, leaving him to the enemy only with the general retreat of the Russian troops across the Elster River, and it is not surprising that the command of St. George 3 of St. George gave him this brilliant feat of arms.
The battle of Reichenbach brought another wound to Berg, and again in the left leg, which served as his return to Russia for treatment.
Returning to Russia, Grigory Maksimovich Berg gratefully accepted the generous remuneration from the emperor for military successes in World War 1812, and left to fulfill the post of commandant of the military fortress of the city of Revel, which he had not left until the end of his life.
In 1823, in gratitude for the good military service, Bergu was granted the rank of General from Infantry, was awarded several honorary orders, and eventually he was appointed to the post of Revelsky military governor.
In the 1832 year, Berg was dismissed, and a year later, due to family unrest, died.
In the military gallery of the Winter Palace, you can still see in the exhibition a portrait of Gregory Maximovich Berg painted by the artist Dow George. A stern middle-aged man with clever eyes is looking at us from the canvas. On it is a uniform with lush epaulets, testifying to his high rank, the military chest is hung with multiple combat awards. The overall mood of the picture is permeated with solemnity and a kind of grandeur, and it conveys well symbolizes Gregory Berg, in whose figure the solemnity of the Russian military machine and its glorious weaponswhich allowed to solve tasks of truly planetary scale in those glorious times.
And I want to believe that while this portrait of Berg will hang in a number of other portraits of remarkable Russian military leaders, we will not forget the name of this brilliant Russian officer and true patriot of Russia.
Sources:
1) http://www.novodostup.ru/otstuplenie - The retreat of the French army
2) http://www.gazetavyborg.ru/?q=gazeta&art_id=25748&num_id=25741 -
Heroes of the era of a strong, glorious era, you really are not
3) http://mirslovarei.com/content_bigbioenc/berg-grigorij-maksimovich-35738.html - Berg's biography
4) http://www.rulex.ru/rpg/portraits/34/34179.htm - Portrait of Berg
5) Wikipedia.
Information