US experts told "the whole truth" about the perpetrators of the shooting of Polish officers in Katyn
Historical the truth is either there or it is not. In this regard, often the same historical event can be subjected to heated discussions, and each time each of the parties discussing this event will put forward facts convenient for itself. Perhaps this is precisely the situation that continues to develop around the so-called Katyn case.
Recall that the investigation into the tragedy in Katyn (near Smolensk), where several thousand Polish officers were shot, as well as tens of thousands of Soviet citizens, can in no way come to a definite conclusion about who committed this crime. More recently, the world was convinced that the execution was the idea of Stalin, which was carried out with the help of the NKVD fighters. It was this version that appeared at the end of the 80s, when Mikhail Gorbachev allowed himself to repent for the “crimes of Stalinism” against Poland. This version actually became official, and even subsequent heads of state (already speaking of the Russian Federation) have repeatedly stated that the shooting of Polish officers is a crime that was directly implicated by the Soviet authorities. An additional “confirmation” of the guilt of the NKVD troops was the film of the Polish director Andrzej Wajda “Katyn”, which told the world that it was “Soviets” who mass-shot the Polish military elite in the forest near Smolensk in the spring of 1940.
Based on this, some representatives of the families of the executed Polish officers filed a lawsuit with the European Court for the purpose of receiving material compensation from Russia for the most heinous crime. But the European Court of Human Rights in April 2012 unexpectedly rejected the demands of the Poles to award them compensation for the execution of their relatives in the Katyn forest. Such a court decision became a kind of precedent for those who did not consider the indispensable guilt of the NKVD and Stalin personally to shoot the Polish servicemen near Smolensk as an objective reality.
Publications about the intricacies of the Katyn case have appeared before, but since the decision of the ECHR on the tragedy in Katyn, many have looked from a completely different angle. The tendency has become more pronounced, which boils down to the fact that the guilt of the NKVD troops in this matter, at least, remains unproved.
In general, the situation demanded the following: either Poland, Russia and Germany, finally, abandon what is called tedding the dirty linen of history, and embark on a path of general reconciliation, or start new investigations of the Katyn issue.
Initially, everything went along the first path: Patriarch Kirill arrived in Poland in August of this year, which many called historical, a visit. The head of the Russian Orthodox Church met with the highest clergymen of the Catholic Church in Poland. Here are the words of Patriarch Kirill, which he said at the airport:
The essence of the visit was to ensure that a process of rapprochement, a focus on good-neighborliness and spiritual unity, which in recent years has been pretty confused with the help of political slogans, began between Russia and Poland. The Katyn problem in Russian-Polish relations has brought and brings painful dissonance.
Many have called the visit of the Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia to Poland very productive and opening a new page in the history of the two states. It would seem that the path to reconciliation and general grief over the victims of historical regimes?
However, as usual, the rapprochement of Russia with anyone by some forces in this world seems completely counterproductive for their personal interests. Not a month passed since the visit to the Republic of Poland by Patriarch Kirill, as in the United States, “thousands of pages of evidence” were published that the NKVD servicemen were shot by Polish officers under Stalin’s secret directive. And in fact, really, where could the “sensational revelations” still come from, if not from the USA? In this country, they certainly know who is right and who is to blame for the shooting of Polish officers ... For obvious reasons, the American publication of “irrefutable evidence” caused a wide resonance and again led to friction over the possible reconciliation of the peoples of Russia and Poland. As the saying goes, "the Moor has done his work" ... Oh, this Moor ...
What evidence was presented by representatives of the National Archives of the United States, and should these publications be generally considered evidence of something?
So, the American archivists unexpectedly attended to the problem of the execution at Katyn. At the same time, a report on the "evidence" of the Soviet Union’s culpability in the Katyn case was conducted not anywhere, but in the building of the American Congress. In addition to the congressmen, representatives of the families of the executed Polish officers, as well as representatives of Polish diplomacy, listened to stories about the “irrefutable guilt" of Stalin and his henchmen.
As proof of the fact that the NKVD fighters shot Polish soldiers in the forest near Smolensk in the spring of 40, truly impressive materials were presented. Here are just some of them:
1. Several aerial photographs of German reconnaissance aircraft of the 1942-1944 model.
2. CIA films about Katyn, including video footage from 1943.
3. US State Department War Crimes Documents (1940-1944, 1945-1950)
4. Materials of the radio station "Voice of America", dated the late 40s - early 50s.
5. Quotes from embassy messages of American diplomats.
6. The so-called Goering documents
and a variety of other similar materials.
In general, as they say, the American archivists threw a “fresh” ...
Of course, all those present at this “historical accusatory process” were inspired by personnel made by German military pilots and Voice of America messages, which were made more than 70-ti years ago after the Nazi propaganda decided to extract political dividends from the shooting of Poles Katyn. Apparently, only one American specialists from the National Archives can know how the photos of the Katyn forest, taken by German pilots in 1943, can be evidence of the USSR’s guilt in mass executions ... It is also unclear why all of a sudden should believe the archival materials of the US Department of State, Moreover, many documents of this organization of the 40 model of the last century are based on documents of the German commission that worked in the Katyn forest.
In general, the wheel of history spun with a new force. By “evidence”, the Americans, if I may say so, experts added a lot of German photographs that show the exhumation process of the corpses of Polish servicemen. These photos clearly show how the representatives of the German commission are extracting from the half-rotten clothes of the executed Poles their documents. In addition, many documents have included samples of newspapers, the latest of which is dated May 1940. This, according to American archivists, is irrefutable proof of the guilt of the Soviet Union in the mass executions of prisoners of war.
However, here we can ask a very reasonable question by the American specialists: doesn’t the 10 point of the “Instructions on the procedure for keeping prisoners of war in NKVD camps” from September 1939 of the year exist? According to this paragraph, all prisoners of war are thoroughly examined before being placed in the camp. Documents found with them weapon and other prohibited items are withdrawn. So did the representatives of the NKVD not see the hundreds of prisoners of war documents proving their identity? .. Or someone from the NKVD decided to sabotage the super-secrecy of the operation being carried out ... It is surprising that the photographs do not have any imprinted samples of the nominal weapons of Polish officers.
Supporters of the theory of guilt of the troops of the NKVD say that the "Soviets" simply did not have time to withdraw all documents from the Poles during the retreat, and therefore the executions were carried out in a hurry. Well, yes ... Well, yes ... But what kind of rush in the spring of 40 can we talk about, because, as you know, then the Red Army was still not going to retreat anywhere ... Moreover, hurry is good when there is time for thousands of people to shoot exclusively from a pistol a direct shot to the back of the head ... Let's not forget that in June 1941, when the Red Army began its retreat inland, thousands of prisoners of Western Belarusian, Western Ukrainian and Baltic special camps were eliminated, but none of the executed documents later didn't b Badly found ...
If we talk about the newspapers literally found in every third Polish soldier who was shot, then special attention should be paid to the appearance of these newspapers. The fact is that the clothes on some corpses in Katyn graves almost rotted away, but the newspapers look as if they were thrown into the grave just a couple of days before the exhumation of the bodies began. Is the paper really so strong that it just perfectly resisted the soil moisture ...
By the way, if the same newspapers, the American "commission" considers "irrefutable evidence" of the USSR’s guilt in the shooting of Polish officers in the spring of 1940 (according to Stalin’s secret order issued for the original), then what about the other, let's say, paper certificates. For example, letters and postcards that are dated November of 1940 and even June of 1941 were found in the clothes of some of the executed Poles. In addition, there are letters that reach the camp from Warsaw in October 1940. Some kind of inconsistency is obtained. Did the "compassionate" fighters of the NKVD deliver letters to the graves of Polish officers who were shot, conducting exhumations long before the official exhumation ... Or maybe they specifically wrote letters to Poland on behalf of Polish officers to hide their crimes, and then also put envelopes in the grave ... Even If we assume that this is a plan of falsification of the NKVD, then why was it needed in 1940? Maybe one of the fighters foresaw the attack of Hitler's Germany on the Soviet Union in the summer of 1941? ..
The arguments that the splits, which the hands of prisoners of war were tied to and which were produced in the USSR, serve as clear evidence of Stalin’s guilt in the execution of the Poles are not clear either. Apparently, those who profess such an idea forget that, as a result of numerous studies, it was established that the same splits found in the graves of the Katyn Forest were only made by the USSR in the 1941 year, and until that time it was produced in Germany. Did the authorities of the USSR buy this splint from the Germans specifically for the execution of executions near Smolensk, feeling that Hitler would attack the Soviet Union once, at least Smolensk would lose two, lose the war three, and Stalin would have the opportunity to announce the crimes of fascism in the Katyn forest, demonstrated the German rope - four ...
Moreover, American archivists strangely bypass the theme of the fact that, according to archival documents declassified by Russia, Polish officers who were captured by the Soviet prisoners were sentenced from 3 to 8 years with placement in the ITL (labor camps). At the same time, prisoners of war fell into three camps: Tishinsky No. XXUMX-ON, Katynsky No. XXUMX-ON, Krasninsky No. XXUMX-ON. All of them were the places where prisoners were placed to work as part of the so-called ADB (asphalt-concrete areas) of the Vyazemsky camp. Polish prisoners on the basis of these documents took part in the construction of the Moscow-Minsk highway. So, Soviet documents tell that 1 of June 2 of the three camps were about 3 Polish prisoners of war, and because of the onslaught of the Nazi troops, so many people could not be evacuated ... From this it follows that the very 26 Poles turned out to be in the territories occupied by the Germans ... And where did they then disappear - a question for the American archivists, the FBI and the Voice of America ...
In general, this kind of inconsistency in the "evidence" published by Americans is just a dime a dozen. But for congressmen, in principle, it does not matter whether the evidence presented is objective or not. Their main task was not at all in this, but to drive a wedge between Poland and Russia in order to prevent Moscow and Warsaw from getting closer. Apparently, the theme of Katyn for a long time by interested parties will be exaggerated in order to keep Poland from Russia at an insurmountable distance.
Materials used:
http://www.km.ru/world/2012/09/13/istoriya-vtoroi-mirovoi-voiny/692147-ssha-pomogli-polyakam-vozlozhit-vinu-za-katyn-
http://www.pravoslavie.ru/news/55505.htm
http://www.katyn-books.ru/library/tayna-katiny-ili-zlobniy-vistrel-b-rossiyu10.html
Recall that the investigation into the tragedy in Katyn (near Smolensk), where several thousand Polish officers were shot, as well as tens of thousands of Soviet citizens, can in no way come to a definite conclusion about who committed this crime. More recently, the world was convinced that the execution was the idea of Stalin, which was carried out with the help of the NKVD fighters. It was this version that appeared at the end of the 80s, when Mikhail Gorbachev allowed himself to repent for the “crimes of Stalinism” against Poland. This version actually became official, and even subsequent heads of state (already speaking of the Russian Federation) have repeatedly stated that the shooting of Polish officers is a crime that was directly implicated by the Soviet authorities. An additional “confirmation” of the guilt of the NKVD troops was the film of the Polish director Andrzej Wajda “Katyn”, which told the world that it was “Soviets” who mass-shot the Polish military elite in the forest near Smolensk in the spring of 1940.
Based on this, some representatives of the families of the executed Polish officers filed a lawsuit with the European Court for the purpose of receiving material compensation from Russia for the most heinous crime. But the European Court of Human Rights in April 2012 unexpectedly rejected the demands of the Poles to award them compensation for the execution of their relatives in the Katyn forest. Such a court decision became a kind of precedent for those who did not consider the indispensable guilt of the NKVD and Stalin personally to shoot the Polish servicemen near Smolensk as an objective reality.
Publications about the intricacies of the Katyn case have appeared before, but since the decision of the ECHR on the tragedy in Katyn, many have looked from a completely different angle. The tendency has become more pronounced, which boils down to the fact that the guilt of the NKVD troops in this matter, at least, remains unproved.
In general, the situation demanded the following: either Poland, Russia and Germany, finally, abandon what is called tedding the dirty linen of history, and embark on a path of general reconciliation, or start new investigations of the Katyn issue.
Initially, everything went along the first path: Patriarch Kirill arrived in Poland in August of this year, which many called historical, a visit. The head of the Russian Orthodox Church met with the highest clergymen of the Catholic Church in Poland. Here are the words of Patriarch Kirill, which he said at the airport:
“I would like to express a feeling of deep satisfaction and joy in connection with the opportunity to step onto Polish soil and pay a visit to the Polish Orthodox Church, as well as to meet with the Catholic Church in Poland in the person of its hierarchs and clergy.
This is my first visit to the country with Western European culture after the election of the Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia and the first ever visit of the Patriarch of Moscow to Poland. This gives us the opportunity to meet with both Orthodox and Catholics in Poland, to reflect on our life: about the past, about the present and about the future. For all of us the common foundation is the gospel. I am deeply convinced that on this basis it is possible to resolve any misunderstandings that arise in the human community.
It is remarkable that the Christian culture is dominant in Poland and in Russia, which means that we have a common foundation and common foundation, including for solving the issues that we inherited from the past. ”
This is my first visit to the country with Western European culture after the election of the Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia and the first ever visit of the Patriarch of Moscow to Poland. This gives us the opportunity to meet with both Orthodox and Catholics in Poland, to reflect on our life: about the past, about the present and about the future. For all of us the common foundation is the gospel. I am deeply convinced that on this basis it is possible to resolve any misunderstandings that arise in the human community.
It is remarkable that the Christian culture is dominant in Poland and in Russia, which means that we have a common foundation and common foundation, including for solving the issues that we inherited from the past. ”
The essence of the visit was to ensure that a process of rapprochement, a focus on good-neighborliness and spiritual unity, which in recent years has been pretty confused with the help of political slogans, began between Russia and Poland. The Katyn problem in Russian-Polish relations has brought and brings painful dissonance.
Many have called the visit of the Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia to Poland very productive and opening a new page in the history of the two states. It would seem that the path to reconciliation and general grief over the victims of historical regimes?
However, as usual, the rapprochement of Russia with anyone by some forces in this world seems completely counterproductive for their personal interests. Not a month passed since the visit to the Republic of Poland by Patriarch Kirill, as in the United States, “thousands of pages of evidence” were published that the NKVD servicemen were shot by Polish officers under Stalin’s secret directive. And in fact, really, where could the “sensational revelations” still come from, if not from the USA? In this country, they certainly know who is right and who is to blame for the shooting of Polish officers ... For obvious reasons, the American publication of “irrefutable evidence” caused a wide resonance and again led to friction over the possible reconciliation of the peoples of Russia and Poland. As the saying goes, "the Moor has done his work" ... Oh, this Moor ...
What evidence was presented by representatives of the National Archives of the United States, and should these publications be generally considered evidence of something?
So, the American archivists unexpectedly attended to the problem of the execution at Katyn. At the same time, a report on the "evidence" of the Soviet Union’s culpability in the Katyn case was conducted not anywhere, but in the building of the American Congress. In addition to the congressmen, representatives of the families of the executed Polish officers, as well as representatives of Polish diplomacy, listened to stories about the “irrefutable guilt" of Stalin and his henchmen.
As proof of the fact that the NKVD fighters shot Polish soldiers in the forest near Smolensk in the spring of 40, truly impressive materials were presented. Here are just some of them:
1. Several aerial photographs of German reconnaissance aircraft of the 1942-1944 model.
2. CIA films about Katyn, including video footage from 1943.
3. US State Department War Crimes Documents (1940-1944, 1945-1950)
4. Materials of the radio station "Voice of America", dated the late 40s - early 50s.
5. Quotes from embassy messages of American diplomats.
6. The so-called Goering documents
and a variety of other similar materials.
In general, as they say, the American archivists threw a “fresh” ...
Of course, all those present at this “historical accusatory process” were inspired by personnel made by German military pilots and Voice of America messages, which were made more than 70-ti years ago after the Nazi propaganda decided to extract political dividends from the shooting of Poles Katyn. Apparently, only one American specialists from the National Archives can know how the photos of the Katyn forest, taken by German pilots in 1943, can be evidence of the USSR’s guilt in mass executions ... It is also unclear why all of a sudden should believe the archival materials of the US Department of State, Moreover, many documents of this organization of the 40 model of the last century are based on documents of the German commission that worked in the Katyn forest.
In general, the wheel of history spun with a new force. By “evidence”, the Americans, if I may say so, experts added a lot of German photographs that show the exhumation process of the corpses of Polish servicemen. These photos clearly show how the representatives of the German commission are extracting from the half-rotten clothes of the executed Poles their documents. In addition, many documents have included samples of newspapers, the latest of which is dated May 1940. This, according to American archivists, is irrefutable proof of the guilt of the Soviet Union in the mass executions of prisoners of war.
However, here we can ask a very reasonable question by the American specialists: doesn’t the 10 point of the “Instructions on the procedure for keeping prisoners of war in NKVD camps” from September 1939 of the year exist? According to this paragraph, all prisoners of war are thoroughly examined before being placed in the camp. Documents found with them weapon and other prohibited items are withdrawn. So did the representatives of the NKVD not see the hundreds of prisoners of war documents proving their identity? .. Or someone from the NKVD decided to sabotage the super-secrecy of the operation being carried out ... It is surprising that the photographs do not have any imprinted samples of the nominal weapons of Polish officers.
Supporters of the theory of guilt of the troops of the NKVD say that the "Soviets" simply did not have time to withdraw all documents from the Poles during the retreat, and therefore the executions were carried out in a hurry. Well, yes ... Well, yes ... But what kind of rush in the spring of 40 can we talk about, because, as you know, then the Red Army was still not going to retreat anywhere ... Moreover, hurry is good when there is time for thousands of people to shoot exclusively from a pistol a direct shot to the back of the head ... Let's not forget that in June 1941, when the Red Army began its retreat inland, thousands of prisoners of Western Belarusian, Western Ukrainian and Baltic special camps were eliminated, but none of the executed documents later didn't b Badly found ...
If we talk about the newspapers literally found in every third Polish soldier who was shot, then special attention should be paid to the appearance of these newspapers. The fact is that the clothes on some corpses in Katyn graves almost rotted away, but the newspapers look as if they were thrown into the grave just a couple of days before the exhumation of the bodies began. Is the paper really so strong that it just perfectly resisted the soil moisture ...
By the way, if the same newspapers, the American "commission" considers "irrefutable evidence" of the USSR’s guilt in the shooting of Polish officers in the spring of 1940 (according to Stalin’s secret order issued for the original), then what about the other, let's say, paper certificates. For example, letters and postcards that are dated November of 1940 and even June of 1941 were found in the clothes of some of the executed Poles. In addition, there are letters that reach the camp from Warsaw in October 1940. Some kind of inconsistency is obtained. Did the "compassionate" fighters of the NKVD deliver letters to the graves of Polish officers who were shot, conducting exhumations long before the official exhumation ... Or maybe they specifically wrote letters to Poland on behalf of Polish officers to hide their crimes, and then also put envelopes in the grave ... Even If we assume that this is a plan of falsification of the NKVD, then why was it needed in 1940? Maybe one of the fighters foresaw the attack of Hitler's Germany on the Soviet Union in the summer of 1941? ..
The arguments that the splits, which the hands of prisoners of war were tied to and which were produced in the USSR, serve as clear evidence of Stalin’s guilt in the execution of the Poles are not clear either. Apparently, those who profess such an idea forget that, as a result of numerous studies, it was established that the same splits found in the graves of the Katyn Forest were only made by the USSR in the 1941 year, and until that time it was produced in Germany. Did the authorities of the USSR buy this splint from the Germans specifically for the execution of executions near Smolensk, feeling that Hitler would attack the Soviet Union once, at least Smolensk would lose two, lose the war three, and Stalin would have the opportunity to announce the crimes of fascism in the Katyn forest, demonstrated the German rope - four ...
Moreover, American archivists strangely bypass the theme of the fact that, according to archival documents declassified by Russia, Polish officers who were captured by the Soviet prisoners were sentenced from 3 to 8 years with placement in the ITL (labor camps). At the same time, prisoners of war fell into three camps: Tishinsky No. XXUMX-ON, Katynsky No. XXUMX-ON, Krasninsky No. XXUMX-ON. All of them were the places where prisoners were placed to work as part of the so-called ADB (asphalt-concrete areas) of the Vyazemsky camp. Polish prisoners on the basis of these documents took part in the construction of the Moscow-Minsk highway. So, Soviet documents tell that 1 of June 2 of the three camps were about 3 Polish prisoners of war, and because of the onslaught of the Nazi troops, so many people could not be evacuated ... From this it follows that the very 26 Poles turned out to be in the territories occupied by the Germans ... And where did they then disappear - a question for the American archivists, the FBI and the Voice of America ...
In general, this kind of inconsistency in the "evidence" published by Americans is just a dime a dozen. But for congressmen, in principle, it does not matter whether the evidence presented is objective or not. Their main task was not at all in this, but to drive a wedge between Poland and Russia in order to prevent Moscow and Warsaw from getting closer. Apparently, the theme of Katyn for a long time by interested parties will be exaggerated in order to keep Poland from Russia at an insurmountable distance.
Materials used:
http://www.km.ru/world/2012/09/13/istoriya-vtoroi-mirovoi-voiny/692147-ssha-pomogli-polyakam-vozlozhit-vinu-za-katyn-
http://www.pravoslavie.ru/news/55505.htm
http://www.katyn-books.ru/library/tayna-katiny-ili-zlobniy-vistrel-b-rossiyu10.html
Information